Huawei

1
Library
Information
Purpose
The IMS Product Documentation Answer
House identifies common consulting
questions raised by users and offers answers to the questions, helping users
quickly
overcome
difficulties
by
themselves.
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Overview
House covers questions about product
principles and operations, which may be
raised by users during product learning
and maintenance.
House provides answers to the preceding
questions to help users obtain key
information:
1. For questions about product principles, the IMS Product Documentation Answer House explains and describes specific principles and
mechanisms.
2. For questions about product operations, the IMS Product Documentation Answer House provides operations methods and procedures required by certain tasks.
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In addition, the IMS Product Documentation Answer House offers links to detailed documents for users' reference.
Release History
Product
Version
IMS
Product IMS V200R009C00 F
Documentation
o
or later
Answer House
r
Convergent
Conference
Solution
V100R002C00
or
later
RCS
V100R002C10LG0001
or later
VoLTE V100R001C02
or later
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Basic Signaling
Process of the
Huawei IMS
2.1 What Is the Architecture of the
Huawei IMS?
2.2 How Is the P-CSCF Discovered?
2.3 How Are S-CSCFs Assigned?
2.4 How Is the I-CSCF Discovered?
2.5 Why Is Registration Required?
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2.6
Which
Registration?
Are
Types
of
2.7 What Are Home and Visited

Domains?
2.8 What
Process?
Is
the
IMS
Session
2.9 What Are the Working Principles of the DNS and ENUM?
2.10 What Are IMS-Relevant Interfaces and Protocols?
2.11 What Is a tel URI?
2.12 What Is a SIP URI?
2.13 Which
Number?
Are
types
of
tel
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2.14 What Are the Relationships

Between an IMPI and an IMPU?
2.15 What Is PSI?
2.16 What Is the SIP Structure?
2.17 Which
Responses?
Are
Types
2.18 Is There Any

About Diameter?
of
SIP
Description
2.19 Where Can I Find the Information About the Differences Between
Two Versions?
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2.1
What
Architecture
Huawei IMS?
Is
of
the
the
Question
What is the architecture of the Huawei
IMS?
Answer
NEs of the Huawei IMS are classified into
the following types: NEs in the Service
Layer, NEs in the Session Control & Media Resources Layer, NEs in the Access &
Bearer Control Layer, NEs in the Interworking Layer, NEs in the Interworking
Layer, NEs in the Operation Support
Layer.
The service layer consists of all types
of ASs and resource servers. It
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provides services such as the game,

conference and IM. It also provides
service capabilities such as Presence,
group and media resources.
The session control layer performs
functions such as registration, authentication, session route control, service
triggering, topology hiding inter-network gateway (THIG), routing, resource control, and interworking.
The access & bearer control layer consists of functional NEs such as the
PDF, PCRF, SPDF, NACF, and CLF.
It provides QoS resources control,
depending on service based local
policy (SBLP)/service based bearer
control (SBBC). It controls the resources of the access network
through the PDF, PCRF, and SPDF.
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If fixed networks access the IMS,

the access & bearer control layer
can include the network attachment
subsystem (NASS). The NASS consists of the CLF and NACF, and performs the functions of location
management and network access
configuration to access fixed
networks.
This layer also performs the NAT
control function to support NAT
traversal in enterprise networks.
The interworking layer interworks
with the IMS, PSTN, PLMN, NGN and
H.323 network.
The operation support layer includes
functional NEs such as the CCF,
Portal, service provisioning gateway
(SPG), element management system
(EMS), and DNS/ENUM server. This
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layer helps to charge, address, manage

networks, store subscription data, and
operate Web Portal in a unified
manner.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > IMS Solution Description > Description of the
Huawei IMS > Architecture of the Huawei IMS in the IMS product
documentation.
Version
IMS V200R009C00 or later
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2.2 How Is the P-CSCF

Discovered?
Question
How is the P-CSCF discovered?
Answer
The UE obtains the IP address of the PCSCF in the following ways:
The cable modem obtains the P-CSCF
domain name and the DNS address
through Dynamic Host Configuration
Protocol (DHCP) and queries the DNS
for the IP address of the P-CSCF.
The UE queries the DNS using the PCSCF domain name configured on the
cable modem to obtain the IP address
of the P-CSCF.
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The IP address of the P-CSCF can be

directly configured on the UE.
For the UEs managed by the element
management system (EMS), the IP address of the serving P-CSCF can be
configured through the web portal.
If there is a session border controller
(SBC) between the UE and the PCSCF, the SBC is the entry to the IMS
network and therefore the IP address
of the SBC instead of the P-CSCF is
required.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Networking Description > Access Network Description User Manual > Cable Network
Access > End-to-End Service Procedure >
Detecting the P-CSCF in the IMS product
documentation.
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Version
2.3 How
Assigned?
Are
S-CSCFs
Question
How are S-CSCFs assigned?
Answer
S-CSCFs are assigned as follows:
1. After receiving the REGISTER message and determining that the visited
network is trusted, the I-CSCF sends
a User Authorization Request (UAR)
message to the HSS to obtain the SCSCF's IP address.
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2. After receiving the UAR message, the

HSS determines that the subscriber is
defined based on data in the local
database. Then, the HSS sends a User
Authorization Answer (UAA) message to the I-CSCF. The message contains the S-CSCF's IP address or
capabilities.
3. The I-CSCF selects an appropriate SCSCF based on the returned result.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Function
Description > Service Functions > Registration and Session> Registration in the
IMS product documentation.
Product Version
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2.4 How Is the I-CSCF

Discovered?
Question
How is the I-CSCF discovered?
Answer
Based on the domain name in the IMPU
in the Request-URI header field, the PCSCF queries the DNS server, obtains the
I-CSCF's address, and forwards the
REGISTER message to the I-CSCF.
Reference Link
For details, see Description> Function
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Product Version
2.5 Why Is Registration

Required?
Question
Why is registration required?
Answer
Registration is the process in which subscribers request permissions to use services provided by the subscription network. After registering with the network,
subscribers can perform the following
operations:
Bind their addresses and identities.
When a registered subscriber is called,
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the subscription network connects the

call to the subscriber based on the
subscriber's registered address.
Use services to which they have subscribed, for example, the Basic Call
service and the Customized Ring Back
Tone Control and Trigger (CRBT)
service.
Reference Link
Product Version
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2.6 Which Are Types of

Registration?
Question
Which are types of registration?
Answer
Based on the entity used to initiate registration, IMS registration can be classified
into two categories.
Basic registration: It is initiated by
user equipment (UE). After registration, subscribers have basic service
rights to send or receive session and
subscription messages.
After a subscriber uses an IP multimedia public identity (IMPU) to register
with the IMS network, all IMPUs that
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are in the same implicit registration

set (IRS) as the registered IMPU are
registered.
Third-party registration: Based on initial filter criteria (iFC) that are subscribed by subscribers, the serving-call
session control function (S-CSCF) initiates registration on behalf of the subscribers to the application server (AS)
that provides those services. After registration, subscribers have the rights
of these services. The iFC have different priorities and define the service
trigger points and ASs to be contacted.
When processing a registration message, the S-CSCF matches the current
service with the iFC data. If they
match, the S-CSCF initiates a registration to the corresponding AS.
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Reference Link
Product Version
2.7 What Are Home and

Visited Domains?
Question
What are home and visited domains?
Answer
In IMS, the home domain is the network
that has been subscribed by a subscriber
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and visited domain is the network where

the subscriber is located.
Reference Link
None.
Version
2.8 What Is the

Session Process?
IMS
Question
What is the IMS session process?
Answer
An IMS session process involves session
setup, media negotiation, resource
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reservation, application service session,

and session release.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Feature Description > Basic and Regulatory Services
> Basic Call > Session in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
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2.9 What Are the Working

Principles of the DNS and
ENUM?
Question
What are the working principles of the
domain name server (DNS) and E.164
number to URI mapping (ENUM)?
Answer
The DNS and ENUM are used for signaling route on the IMS network.
The DNS converts domain names to
corresponding IP addresses.
The ENUM converts tel uniform resource identifiers (URIs) to SIP URIs.
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Reference Link
For details, see User Manuals > Number
Analysis User Manual > Basic Concepts >
DNS/ENUM in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
2.10
What
Are
IMS-Relevant
Interfaces
and Protocols?
Question
What are IMS-relevant interfaces and
protocols?
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Answer
IMS-relevant interfaces are mainly Cx,
Dx, and Mg interfaces and IMS-relevant
protocols are mainly SIP, Diameter, and
H.248.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > IMS Solution Description in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
2.11 What Is a tel URI?

Question
What is a tel URI?
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Answer
The telephone URI (tel URI) is used to
identify resources using a telephone
number. The tel URI starts with tel:, followed by tel Number. It can be a global
number (tel:+861012345678) or a local
number (tel:12345678).
Reference Link
For details, see User Manual > Number
Number Structure > tel URI in the IMS
product documentation.
Product Version
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2.12 What Is a SIP URI?

Question
What is a SIP URI?
Answer
The SIP URI is in User information@Host port[parameter] format and
uniquely identifies a subscriber. The SIP
URI starts with sip: or sips:.
Reference Link
Number Structure > Support of the
IMPU in SIP URI Format in the IMS
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Product Version
2.13 Which Are types of tel

Number?
Question
Which are types of tel number?
Answer
The tel number is a traditional number
that consists of numbers 0-9, characters
A-E, and a-e. It may contain character +
and separators such as en dash (-). The
character + is added before a tel number
to indicate that the number is a global
number.
Numbers
12345678,
+86-10-12345678, and C0101119 are all
tel numbers.
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The tel number can be a global number

or local number.
Global number: It starts with character
+ and is in "Character (+) + National
code + Area code" format. The global
number is globally unique. For example, the number +86-10-12345678
uniquely identifies a subscriber in
Beijing of China.
Local number: It does not start with
character + and identifies a number
only in a certain area. If a number is
dialed in different areas, calls may be
addressed to different subscribers. For
example, dialing 12345678 in Shanghai calls a subscriber in Shanghai and
dialing 12345678 in Beijing calls a subscriber in Beijing.
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Reference Link
Number Structure > tel Number in the
Product Version
2.14
What
Are
the
Relationships Between an
IMPI and an IMPU?
Question
What are the relationships between an IP
multimedia private identity (IMPI) and
an IMS public user identity (IMPU)?
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Answer
An IMS standard subscriber is assigned
one IMPI and two IMPUs in which IMPU
1 is SIP URI and IPMU 2 is tel URI. The
two IMPUs belong to the same implicit
registration set and the same alias group,
and share repository data.
An IMPI is a subscriber identity
defined by the carrier of the home network and is unique across the world.
An IMPI is used to for IMS network
registration, authentication, authorization, and charging but is not used for
call addressing or routing.
An IMPU is used to request communication with another subscriber and
can be made public. An IMPU is used
for routing of SIP messages.
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Reference Link
For details, see Description > Service
Provisioning Description > Subscriber
Data > Standard IMS Subscribers > Data
Model
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
2.15 What Is PSI?

Question
What is PSI?
Answer
Public Service Identity (PSI) is an identity that identifies services, such as presence, messaging, conferencing, and
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group, provided by the application server

(AS) in the IP Multimedia Subsystem
(IMS). PSI is in SIP URI or tel URI
format,
for
example,
sip:messaginglist_joe@ims.com. The AS
hosting a service sends a service request
to subscribers by using a PSI; PSI subscribers can also send a service request to
the AS.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Function
Description > Service Functions > Public
Service Identity in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
IMS V200R009C00 or a later version
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2.16 What
Structure?
Is
the
SIP
Question
What is the SIP structure?
Answer
SIP is a text-based protocol and uses the
UTF-8 character set. A SIP message is
either a request from a client to a server,
or a response from a server to a client.
The start line in a request is named
Request-Line, and that in a response is
named Status-Line.
Any SIP message must contain header
fields, whereas a message body is optional, depending on the message type
and service requirements.
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Header fields and message body are

separated by an empty line indicating
the end of the header fields.
A message body can be a specific implementation mode of the current session, which is described by using SDP
or text.
Reference Link
For details, see References > Typical Signaling Flows > IMS Protocol > SIP > SIP
Overview
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
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SIP Responses?
Question
Which are types of SIP responses?
Answer
A SIP response is used to respond to a request, indicating the status (success or
failure) of a session.
SIP responses are categorized based on
the Status-Code. The Status-Code is a
3-digit integer result code. The first digit
of the Status-Code defines the class of response. The last two digits provide further description of the response.
SIP responses are categorized as follows:
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1xx: Provisional; indicates that a request is received and the server continues to process the request.
2xx: Success; indicates that the action
was successfully received, understood,
and accepted.
3xx: Redirection; indicates that a further action needs to be taken in order
to complete the request.
4xx: Client Error; indicates that the request contains bad syntax or cannot be
fulfilled at this server.
5xx: Server Error; indicates that the
server failed to fulfill an apparently
valid request.
6xx: Global Failure; indicates that the
request cannot be fulfilled at any
server.
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Reference Link
For details, see References > Typical Signaling Flows > IMS Protocol > SIP > SIP
Responses
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
2.18
Is
There
Any
Description
About
Diameter?
Question
Is there any description about Diameter?
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Answer
Description about Diameter is available
in the IMS product documentation.
Reference Link
For details, see References> Protocols>
Diameter
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
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2.19 Where Can I Find the

Information About the
Differences Between Two
Versions?
Question
Where can I find the information about
the differences between two versions?
Answer
The Delta Description describes version
changes before and after an upgrade. It
describes the changes based on upgrade
paths and consists of NIRs and Delta
records.
NIRs describe general impacts and
feature impacts.
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Delta records describe the version

changes before and after an upgrade,
including the MML command delta
description, timer delta description,
alarm delta description, CDR interface
delta description, software parameter
delta description, inter-NE interface
delta description, performance counter
delta description, license delta description, and communication matrix delta
description.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Delta Description
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
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IMS Hardware
Capabilities
3.1 What Are the Differences
Between a T8260 subrack and a
T8280 subrack?
3.2 What Are the
Between Boards?
Differences
3.3 What Are the Power Consumptions of a Board and a Subrack?
3.1
What
Are
the
Differences Between a
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T8260 subrack
T8280 subrack?
and
Question
What are the differences between a
T8260 subrack and a T8280 subrack?
Answer
The differences between a T8260 subrack
and a T8280 subrack mainly lie in the
switching, heat dissipation, and power
supply capabilities.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Hardware
Description > Subrack > Subrack Differences in the IMS product documentation.
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Product Version
3.2
What
Differences
Boards?
Are
the
Between
Question
What are
boards?
the
differences
between
Answer
The differences between boards are as
follows:
The differences among switch boards
mainly lie in the bandwidth of the bus,
that is, the transmission capability.
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The differences among switch interface boards lie in the interfaces

provided externally.
The differences among subrack management boards lie in the configuration specifications, that is, the CPU
dominant frequency, memory capability, and flash capability.
The differences among processor
boards mainly lie in the configuration
specifications of their components,
such as the CPU core number, CPU
dominant frequency, memory capability and hard disk capability.
The differences among processor
boards. The differences among interface boards of processor boards mainly
lie in different ports provided to connect to the external network.
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Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Hardware
Description > Board > Board Differences
Product Version
3.3 What Are the Power

Consumptions of a Board
and a Subrack?
Question
What are the power consumptions of a
board and a subrack?
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Answer
The maximum power consumption of a
UPB board is from 125 W to 135 W. The
typical power consumption of a UPB
board is 110 W.
The typical power consumption of a
T8280 subrack is 92 W and the maximum power consumption is 186 W.
Reference Link
For details on board power consumptions, see Descriptions > Hardware Description > Board in the IMS product
documentation.
For details on subrack power consumptions, see Descriptions > Hardware Description > Subrack > T8280 Subrack in
the IMS product documentation.
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Product Version
IMS Software
Capabilities
4.1 What Is the Software Structure
of the OMU?
4.2 Which Are Types of ATS9900
Service Process?
4.3 What Are the IMS Software Installation principles?
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4.4 What Are the IMS Upgrade

Principles?
4.5 What Are Patch Installation
Principles?
4.6 Which Are Types of Announcement Playback in the IMS Network?
4.7 What Is the Process of Loading
Tone Files of the AS?
4.1 What Is the Software

Structure of the OMU?
Question
What is the software structure of the
OMU?
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Answer
The OMU server software is an application software that is based on the ATCA
hardware platform, runs on the Linux operating system (OS), and requires the
database. The OMU communicates with
the host through the IP buses in the
ATCA subracks. The OMU performs operations and maintenance on external
equipment through the LMT and WebUI.
The LMT runs on the Microsoft Windows
OS and connects to the OMU through the
maintenance IP address of the OMU. You
can view performance measurement results and upgrade the system through the
WebUI.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Software
Description > OMU > OMU Software
52/205
Structure
in
documentation.
the
IMS
product
Product Version

ATS9900 Service Process?
Question
Which are types of ATS9900 service
process?
Answer
Table 4-1 describes the service processes
of the ATS9900.
Table 4-1 ATS9900 service processes
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
IP forward The IFM re- 1+1 active/

module
ceives
IP standby
(IFM)
messages
from external
systems and
forwards the
IP messages
to
related
modules for
processing.
The IFM applies to fixed
network
scenarios,
that is, the
IFM
processes
only
fixed network
services.
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Service
Process
Dispatching
unit (DPU)
Function
Working
Mode
The DPU re- 1+1 active/

ceives
IP standby
messages
from external
systems and
forwards the
IP messages
to
related
modules for
processing.
The DPU applies to scenarios where
the fixed and
mobile networks
are
convergent,
that is the
DPU
processes both
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
fixed and mobile network

services.
Call control The CCU im- 1+1 active/
unit (CCU)
plements the standby
call
control
and protocol
processing
functions. It
also controls
and processes
service logic
for calls, registrations,
subscriptions,
and
new
services.
The CCU applies to fixed
network
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
scenarios,
that is, the
CCU
processes
only
fixed network
services.
Service con- The VCU im- 1+1 active/
trol
unit plements the standby
(VCU)
call
control
and protocol
processing
functions. It
also controls
and processes
service logic
for calls, registrations,
subscriptions,
and
new
services.
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Service
Process
Function
The VCU applies to scenarios where

the fixed and
mobile networks
are
convergent,
that is the
VCU
processes both
fixed and mobile network
services. Currently,
the
VCU
processes certain
fixed network
services.
Working
Mode
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
Central data- The CDB per- 1+1 active/

base board forms service standby
(CDB)
allocation
and registration. It also
processes services that occupy a large
number of resources, such
as
calling
number
analysis.
Multimedia The multime- Loadsignal gate- dia
signal sharing
way (MSG)
gateway
(MSG) processes multimedia protocols for the
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
ATS9900,
such as SIP.
The MSG applies to fixed
network
scenarios.
Broadband
The BSG pro- Loadsignal gate- cesses broad- sharing
way (BSG)
band signaling, such as
Diameter and
DNS.
Service pro- The SPU im- Loadvision unit plements ser- sharing
(SPU)
vice
provisioning
in
such a way
that different
channels are
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Service
Process
Function
Working
Mode
used for data

configuration
and
call
processing.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Software
Description > ATS9900 Software Structure > Process Types of the ATS9900 in
Product Version
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4.3 What Are the IMS

Software
Installation
principles?
Question
What are the IMS software installation
principles?
Answer
Software installation refers to software
package installation after hardware installation in the deployment beginning
stage. Software installation consists of
the OMU, LMT, and service ME installation. For details about how to install software, refer to Software Installation
Guide. The software installation principle
is shown in Figure 4-1.
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Figure 4-1 Software installation principle
The details of software installation principle are as follows:

1. Install the OMU board using the
INU4Win.exe, and connect the network interface of the PC with the
back network interface of the SWI
board. During the installation, read
data from the PC after OMU reset
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and start the operating system, then

install all software to the OMU, including the operating system software, auxiliary software, and OMU
application software.
2. Install the LMT through the OMU,
and connect the LMT through the
Java Web Start (JWS) for LMT
installation.
Java Web Start is an auxiliary application program associated with the
Web browser. When a user clicks on a
link that points to a special launch
file (JNLP file), the browser launches
the Java Web Start, which then automatically downloads, caches, and
runs a given Java technology-based
application program.
3. Install the service ME through the
LMT, and install software packages of
the service ME by running ADD ME
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in the MML Command - CGP window of the client. Configure the service board and basic data of service
application through the LMT and
OMU. After the service board starts,
it loads automatically the operating
system and service application software to the OMU or Flash card.
Reference Link
Description > Software Management
Principles > Software Installation Principle in the IMS product documentation.
Product Version
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4.4 What Are the IMS

Upgrade Principles?
Question
What are the IMS upgrade principles?
Answer
Figure 4-2 shows the seamless upgrade
principle.
Figure 4-2 Seamless upgrade principle
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The details of the seamless upgrade principle are as follows:

1. The upgrade tool on the Web client
issues an upgrade start message.
2. When the OMU receives the message,
it divides all modules of MEs into the
active and standby planes first:
The OMU divides standby processes and some load-sharing processes into plane 1. As the standby
plane, plane 1 is locked in the
standby status. The processes do
not switch to the active status if
the active processes are faulty.
The OMU divides active processes
and some load-sharing processes
into plane 0. As the active plane,
plane 0 is locked in active status.
The processes do not switch to the
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standby status if the standby processes are faulty.

3. The OMU upgrades all the host processes in plane 1 to a new version.
The OMU does not activate the links
of all the processes in plane 1. These
processes are in the idle state.
4. The OMU activates the links in plane
1, and keeps the links in the standby
status.
5. The OMU backs up the dynamic data
of the processes in plane 0 to the processes in plane 1 across versions.
6. The OMU switches the processes in
plane 1 to the active status and
switches the processes in plane 0 to
the standby status.
The processes of the new version in
plane 1 take over the services. During
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the takeover, the service interruption

duration is less than 10 seconds.
7. The OMU upgrades the processes in
plane 0 to a new version, then the
processes in plane 0 retain the
standby status and the processes in
plane 1 retain the active status.
8. The OMU consolidates plane 1 and 0,
then the active and standby status of
processes of MEs is unlocked and
process switchover is allowed.
9. The OMU returns the upgrade report
to the upgrade tool on the WebUI.
NOTE:
The type and version of service MEs determine
whether the hitless upgrade mechanism can be
used.
During an actual upgrade, check whether the upgrade supports hitless upgrade based on the documents released with the software version.
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Reference Link
Principles > Hitless Upgrade Principle in
Product Version
4.5
What Are Patch
Installation Principles?
Question
What are patch installation principles?
Answer
In some cases, software requires certain
modifications for removing known bugs
or adding new functions to meet service
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requirements. In this case, you can install

software patches for the system. You are
advised to load patches when the traffic is
light. For example, load patches during
the period from 23:00 to 00:00.
The patches are classified into server
patches, hot patches, third-party software
patches, and OMU cold patches. Currently, patches are released in remote
patch package and installed using the
WebUI. In some cases, you still needs to
use the LMT or command lines in Linux
OS to maintain the patches. The methods
of using the patches are described as
follows:
Server patch: You can run MML commands on the LMT to install the cold
patches that require restarting boards.
Hot patch: After hot patches are installed, you do not need to restart
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OMU services or boards. You can run

MML commands on the LMT to install
hot patches.
Third-party software patch: You can
run MML commands to install the
third-party software patches. The system can automatically determine
whether to restart the boards based on
the properties of the third-party software patches.
OMU cold patch: You can run patch
scripts on the OMU board to install the
OMU patches that require restarting
OMU services.
NOTE:
The procedure for installing patches varies according to the patches. You are advised to perform the patch installation using WebUI on a live
network. For details about the installation using
WebUI, see the Patch Notes and Patch Update
Guide released with versions.
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Reference Link
Principles > Software Patch Principle in
Product Version

Announcement Playback
in the IMS Network?
Question
Which are types of announcement playback in the IMS network?
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Answer
Announcement playback in the IMS network is categorized as follows:
By function implementation: Common
announcement playback and IVR announcement playback.
By user experience: Basic ringback
tone, Failure tone, Common service
tone and IVR service tone.
By announcement contents: Fixed announcement tone and Variable announcement tone.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Function
Description > Service Functions > Announcement playback > Basic Concepts
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Product Version
4.7 What Is the Process of

Loading Tone Files of the
AS?
Question
What is the process of loading tone files
of the AS?
Answer
The AS provides tone files based on services, and the MRFP loads files on
boards. The tone files on the MRFP are
classified into static tone files, dynamic
tone files, local media files.
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Reference Link
Functions > Announcement Playing >
Implementation Principle > Media Processing Principles in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
IMS Number
Analysis
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5.1 How Can I Configure Number

Analysis for NP Services?
5.2 What Is the Route Analysis Flow
of the S-CSCF?
5.1 How Can I Configure

Number Analysis for NP
Services?
Question
How can I configure number analysis for
NP services?
Answer
NP service schemes are All Call Query
(ACQ), Onward Routing (OR), and Query
on Release (QoR). Different schemes are
used in different scenarios and different
number analysis data related to the
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ATS9900, S-CSCF, I-CSCF, and MGCF

must be configured accordingly.
Reference Link
For details on NP service schemes, see
Descriptions > Feature Description >
Basic and Regulatory Services > Number Portability Services > Number
Portability in the IMS product
documentation.
For details on how to configure number analysis for NP services, see User
Manuals > Number Analysis User
Manual > Typical Number Analysis
Flows > Configuring Number Analysis
Data for the NP Service in the IMS
product documentation..
Product Version
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5.2 What Is the Route

Analysis Flow of the
S-CSCF?
Question
What is the route analysis flow of the SCSCF?
Answer
Route analysis is a process in which NEs
analyze received call requests for call
routing purposes. The route analysis process varies from NE to NE. NEs can be
configured to query different data tables
for flexible routing.
The serving-call session control function
(S-CSCF) obtains the address of the next
hop based on the called number, calling
number, calling party location, phone-
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context, calling party category (CPC), service tag, and media type in a received
message.
Reference Link
For details, see User Manuals> Number
Analysis Flows of IMS NEs > CSC3300
Number Analysis Flow > Number Analysis Flow of the S-CSCF > Route Analysis in
Product Version
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IMS Service
Provisioning
6.1 What Are WSDL and XSD?
6.2 What Is Shared iFC?
6.3 What Is the iFC Structure?
6.4 What Are the Elements Used in
Regular Expressions?
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6.1 What Are WSDL and

XSD?
Question
What are WSDL and XSD?
Answer
WSDL is an XML application used to describe web services. It defines the web
services as a group of service access
points. The client can access services containing the file information or the procedure call by using these service access
points. This procedure is similar to the
remote procedure call.
XML Schemas Definition (XSD) is an extension of the XML SCHEMA files. XML,
XML SCHEMA, and document type
definition (DTD) all belong to SCHEMA.
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XML is a collection of data. XSD specifies

the XML format and verifies the correction of the XML data. For example, when
you write an XML file, you must define
how many subelements or properties are
contained in an element, what type each
subelement or property is (such as digit
or character) using the DTD or SCHEMA.
The definition process is called data modeling. The XSD is like a template, and the
XML files are valid only when they meet
the requirements of the XSD template.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Service
Provisioning Description > Northbound
Interfaces of Service Provisioning >
WSDL\XSD Files in the IMS product
documentation.
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Product Version
6.2 What Is Shared iFC?

Question
What is shared iFC?
Answer
A group of iFCs shared by multiple service profiles. The HSS and S-CSCF databases store the same shared iFC data, including shared iFC and associated iFC
template IDs. The S-CSCF obtains the
shared iFC template ID from the HSS and
obtains the associated shared iFC from
its local database.
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Reference Link
Provisioning Description > Service Provisioning Mechanism > Subscriber Data
Mechanisms > Shared iFC in the IMS
Product Version
6.3 What
Structure?
Is
the
iFC
Question
What is the iFC structure?
Answer
An iFC is composed of zero or one Trigger Point and one Application Server. A
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Trigger Point is composed of one or multiple Service Point Triggers. The Application Server is composed of the Service Information and Include Register Request.
Reference Link
For details, see User Manuals > iFC User
Manual > iFC Structure and Composition
> iFC Structure in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
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6.4
What
Are
the
Elements Used in Regular
Expressions?
Question
What are the elements used in regular
expressions?
Answer
A regular expression provides a concise
and flexible means for matching (specifying and recognizing) strings of text, such
as particular characters, words, or patterns of characters.
Reference Link
For details, see User Manuals > iFC User
Manual > iFC Structure and Composition
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> References > Regular Expression in the

Product Version
IMS
Performance
Management
7.1 What Are the KPI Building
Principles?
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7.2 What Is the IMS Network KPI

Model?
7.3 Which KPIs Do I Need to Pay Attention to Before and After an IMS
Upgrade?
7.4
How
Can
I
Perform
Troubleshooting When IMS KPIs
Are Abnormal?
7.1 What Are the KPI

Building Principles?
Question
What are
principles?
the
IMS
KPI
building
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Answer
The KPI system constitutes a hierarchical
view that reflects network performance
from the perspective of different users.
The hierarchical view consists of the
device layer, NE layer, network layer, and
user layer. KPI building principles are
worked out for each layer. For details, see
the following link. I
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Performance Management Description > KPI System > KPI Building Principles in the IMS
Product Version
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7.2 What Is the

Network KPI Model?
IMS
Question
What is the IMS network KPI model?
Answer
Figure 7-1 shows the IMS network KPI
model.
NOTE:
Engineers on a live network should focus on
the KPIs highlighted in red in Figure 7-1.
Network KPIs vary from site to site. The KPIs
provided here are for reference only and do not
constitute a warranty on KPIs of IMS networks
provided by Huawei.
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Figure 7-1 IMS network KPI model
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Performance Management Description > KPI System > Network KPI > Network KPI
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Model
in
the
documentation.
IMS
product
Product Version
7.3 Which KPIs Do I Need

to Pay Attention to Before
and
After
an
IMS
Upgrade?
Question
Which KPIs do I need to pay attention to
before and after an IMS upgrade?
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Answer
Network performance is closely related to
the IMS version upgrade. The following
operations are required for an upgrade:
Before an upgrade: Prepare a KPI
monitoring report of the recent week
for KPI comparison between the
source version and the target version.
Perform software mediation on the
M2000 based on the collected
information.
After an upgrade: Modify customized
KPIs and add measurement objects as
required. Check whether KPIs are normal and there are customer complaints about KPIs.
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Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Performance Management Description > Performance Management Application >
KPI Monitoring Before and After an Upgrade in the IMS product documentation.
Product Version
7.4 How Can I Perform

Troubleshooting
When
IMS KPIs Are Abnormal?
Question
How can I perform troubleshooting when
IMS KPIs are abnormal?
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Answer
This topic provides possible causes of
network, service, or interworking faults
from the abnormal KPI perspective, helping users determine fault impacts and
locate the faults. When the impacts of
faults are not determined, you are advised to observe the changes in the values
of the KPIs of the serving-call session
control function (S-CSCF), proxy-call session control function (P-CSCF), session
border controller (SBC), and access gateway control function (AGCF) to determine the impacts of faults. When the impacts of faults are determined, comply
with the following rules to locate the
faults:
If the entire network is faulty, first
check whether the KPIs of the S-CSCF
and P-CSCF are abnormal.
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If service faults occur only in a single

area or city, first check whether the
KPIs of the SBC, AGCF, and SIP
multiservice access node (MSAN) are
abnormal.
If interworking faults occur, first check
whether the KPIs of the MGCF are
abnormal.
If a certain type of service fault occurs,
first check whether the KPIs of the corresponding service AS are abnormal.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Performance Management Description > Performance Management Application >
Fault and Performance > Analyzing Abnormal KPIs in the IMS product
documentation.
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Product Version
IMS Charging
Principles
8.1 What Is an ICID?
8.2 How Is Charging Correlation
Performed in the IMS network?
8.3 How Are CDRs Processed in the
IMS network?
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8.1 What Is an ICID?

Question
What is an ICID?
Answer
Each IMS NE generates ACR messages
based on its own role and the received
session information. An ICID enables the
system to correct ACR messages generated by different IMS NEs for the same
session. This ensures that the BC obtains
complete and correct CDRs for this
session.
During offline charging, an ICID is generated by the first IMS NE in the Session
Initiation Protocol (SIP) signaling path
and then transferred to other IMS NEs.
The terminating P-CSCF deletes the
ICID.
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Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Charging
Management Description > Offline Charging > Basic Concepts in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
8.2
How Is Charging
Correlation Performed in
the IMS network?
Question
How is charging correlation performed in
the IMS network?
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Answer
In the IMS network, charging correlation
is implemented in the following manner:
1. Charging messages are generated
separately. Each IMS NE generates
charging data record (ACR) messages
based on its function in a session and
sends the ACRmessages to the CCF
for preprocessing. The CCF preprocesses the ACR messages into CDRs
and sends the CDRs to the billing
center (BC). The BC correlates the
CDRs and generates subscriber bills
and settlement bills. Exchange of
charging identifiers and deduction
are involved in the charging correlation process.
2. Due to the separation of the bearer
plane and control plane, exchange of
charging
messages
must
be
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implemented by using the Policy Decision Function (PDF) and Policy Enforcement Point (PEP). Charging correlation between the IMS network
and the general packet radio service
(GPRS) network is implemented by
exchanging the IMS Charging Identifier (ICID) and GPRS Charging Identifier (GCID).
NOTE:
In the Huawei IMS solution, charging data
record (CDR) correlation between the bearer
plane and control plane is implemented by
the Mediation.
3. Charging correlation between carriers

is implemented by using the inter operator identifier (IOI) in the CDRs.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Charging
Management Description > Offline
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Charging > Implementation Principle >

Charging Correlation Principles in the
Product Version
8.3
How
Are
CDRs
Processed in the IMS
network?
Question
How are CDRs processed in the IMS
network?
Answer
IMS NEs send apply charging report
(ACR) messages to the CCF and the CCF
generates CDRs based on the ACR
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messages. CDR processing includes duplicate ACR prevention, call detail record
(CDR) shielding, ACR consolidation, and
CDR sorting.
Reference Link
For details, see Description> Charging
Management Description > Offline Charging > Implementation Principle > CDR
Processing
in
the
IMS
product
documentation.
Product Version
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IMS
Redundancy
9.1 Which Redundancy Modes Are
Used by the IMS?
9.1 Which Redundancy

Modes Are Used by the
IMS?
Question
Which redundancy modes are used by the
IMS?
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Answer
Common IMS redundancy modes are as
follows: 1+1 active/standby, 1+1 mutual
assistant, N+1 active/standby and Pool.
Reference Link
For details, see User Manuals > IMS Redundancy User Manual > Introduction to
the Redundancy System in the IMS
Product Version
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10
IMS
Troubleshooting
10.1 What Can I Do If the I-CSCF
Returns a 403 Response That Carries "Invalid User"?
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10.1 What Can I Do If the

I-CSCF Returns a 403
Response That Carries
"Invalid User"?
Question
What can I do if the I-CSCF returns a 403
response that carries "Invalid User"?
Answer
During the registration process of a subscriber, the I-CSCF returns a 403 response, in which the Warning header
field carries the message "Invalid User".
The registration of the subscriber fails.
Check the IMPU and the IMPI of the
subscriber.
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Check whether the

defined on the HSS.
subscriber
is
On the HSS, check whether the IMPU

and the IMPI carried by the
REGISTER request belong to the same
subscriber.
Reference Link
For details, see Fault Management >
Troubleshooting > Service Failures > Registration Failures > CSC3300 Registration Failures in the IMS product
documentation.
Product Version
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11
General
IMS-Relevant
Operations
11.1 How Can I Replace an SMM
Board?
11.2 How Can I Obtain the BOM
Code of a Spare Part?
11.3 How Can I Load a License File?
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11.1 How Can I Replace an

SMM Board?
Question
How can I replace an SMM board?
Answer
An SMM board can be replaced with an
SMM board of the same model or of a different model. In most cases, you can replace only the SMM boards that are
faulty or working in the standby state. Do
not directly replace an SMM board that is
working in the active state.
Reference Link
For details, see
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Fault Management > Parts Replacement > Replacing a Board > Replacing
an SMM Board of Same Model in the
Fault Management > Parts Replacement > Replacing a Board > Replacing
an SMM Board of Different Models in
Product Version
11.2 How Can I Obtain the

BOM Code of a Spare Part?
Question
How can I obtain the BOM code of a
spare part?
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Answer
Bill of material (BOM) codes of all spare
parts for the IMS can be obtained from
bar codes on labels that are attached on
spare parts.
Reference Link
For details, see References > Spare Parts
> How to Obtain BOM Codes of Spare
Parts in the IMS product documentation.
Product Version
11.3 How Can I Load a

License File?
Question
How can I load a license file?
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Answer
An operator with the associated rights
obtains the license file, and then uploads
and activates it on the OMU client.
Reference Link
For details, see References > General
Operation > Loading a License in the
Product Version
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12
Convergent
Conference Solution
12.1 What Is
Conference?
Telepresence
12.2 What Is a Web Conference?

12.3 What Is a Public Conference?
12.4 What
Conference?
Is
Group
Call
12.5 What Is a Private Conference?

12.6 What Is a Subconference?
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12.7 What Is a Security Conference?

12.8 What Is a Video Broadcasting?
12.9 What Is Video Selection?
12.10 What Is Chairperson Video
Selection?
12.11 What Is Multipicture Control?
12.12 What Are Auxiliary Feeds?
12.1
What
Is
a
Telepresence Conference?
Question
What is a Telepresence conference?
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Answer
The Telepresence Conference service is
provided by the convergent conference
system (CCS) to offer subscribers life-size
presentation and face-to-face communication experience as if they were personally in the scene. In Telepresence conferences, communication is not limited to
video and voice. Body movements, facial
expressions, and eye contacts of participants are vividly delivered to each
other.
To ensure authentic face-to-face communication experience, the CCS has
incorporated cutting-edge technologies in
the following fields: intelligent IP network, unified communication, ultra-highfidelity video conference, spatial audio,
interactive collaboration components, digital movie, lighting, and ergonomics.
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Figure 12-1 shows a Telepresence conference scene.

Figure 12-1 Telepresence conference scene
Location in Navigation Tree

For details, see Descriptions > Feature
Description > Telepresence Conference
in the Convergent Conference Solution
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Product Version
Convergent
Conference
V100R002C00 or later
12.2 What
Conference?
Is
Solution
Web
Question
What is a Web conference?
Answer
Web Conference is a service provided by
the convergent conference system which
integrates data and voice/video. If a carrier has subscribed to the Data Conference service, the site can use the Web
Conference service by combining a voice
or video conference with a data
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conference. Web conferences are classified into the following types:

Web conference (voice+data)
SD Video
Conference
Conference
Data
The following licenses are required for

this combination:
Standard Definition Video Conference License (Per Port)
Data Conference License (Per Port)
HD Video
Conference
Conference
Data

this combination:
High Definition Video Conference
License (Per Port)
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Telepresence
Conference
Conference
Data

this combination:
Telepresence Conference License
(Per Port)

Description > Web Conference in the
Convergent Conference Solution product
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
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12.3 What Is a Public

Conference?
Question
What is a Public conference?
Answer
The Public Conference service enables
the convergent conference system to
provide instant voice conferences.
Subscribers who have subscribed to the
Private Conference service do not need to
schedule a conference and can create a
conference anywhere anytime.
After a subscriber dials an access number
to initiate a public conference, the subscriber is prompted to enter phone numbers of other participants. The convergent
conference
system
then
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automatically invites other participants

to the public conference.
In a public conference, the conference
initiator has the chairperson rights and
other participants have the guest rights.
Figure 12-2 shows how to establish a
public conference.
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Figure 12-2 Process for establishing a public conference
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Description > Scheduling-Free Conference Service > Public Conference in the
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
12.4 What Is a Group Call

Conference?
Question
What is a Group Call Conference?
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Answer
The Predefined Group Call Conference
service is a reservationless conference
service provided by the convergent conference system that allows subscribers to
hold a voice conference based on a predefined group. This service provides the
following types of conference services:
Alert Conference
When an emergency occurs, a subscriber in a predefined alert conference group can dial the emergency access number to hold an instant alert
conference. The convergent conference
system automatically calls all members
in the group. After answering the call,
these members attend the conference.
One alert conference group can simultaneously hold multiple alert conferences. A predefined alert group is a
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special group in which the group

members have subscribed to the One
Number service. That is, a number registered by a group member is bound
to multiple numbers. For example, a
group member's number (number a) is
bound to numbers a1, a2, a3, a4, and
a5. When an alert conference (conference A) starts, the system calls number
a. a1, a2, a3, a4, and a5 are alerted. If
a1 answers the call, a1 joins conference
A. At this time, another alert conference (conference B) starts and the system calls number a. a2, a3, a4, and a5
are alerted. If a2 answers the call, a2
joins conference B. This example
shows that one alert conference group
can simultaneously hold multiple alert
conferences.
Group Call Conference
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One group can hold only one group

call conference at a time. An authorized subscriber in a predefined group
can hold an instant group call conference by dialing the group call access
number. The convergent conference
system automatically calls all members
in the group. After answering the call,
these members attend the conference.
The PTT service can be used in group
call conferences. After a conference
initiator presses the intercom button,
the convergent conference system
automatically creates a group call conference and calls all members in the
group. The calls are automatically connected, and the members are muted
after they attend the conference. The
members can press the intercom button on their terminals to cancel the
mute state.
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Group Announcement Broadcast

An authorized subscriber in a predefined group can record or update
group announcements on the convergent conference system or upload announcement files to the system. When
the announcement broadcast function
is enabled, the system calls all members in the group. After answering the
call, these members hear the recorded
announcements from the start.
The recorded announcements can be
either a broadcast announcement or a
public announcement. Broadcast announcements are broadcast to all
group members, whereas public announcements are played for subscribers who dial the access number
for group announcement playback.
The same announcement may be used
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for either a broadcast or public

announcement.

Description > Scheduling-Free Conference Service > Predefined Group Call
Conference in the Convergent Conference
Solution product documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
12.5 What Is a Private

Conference?
Question
What is a Private conference?
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Answer
The Private Conference service enables
users to schedule and create a conference
using a fixed conference ID and chairperson password provided by the convergent
conference system (CCS).
If the system administrator specifies a
private conference ID when adding a
user, the user can use the Private Conference service. The user's phone account
password becomes the conference chairperson password.
Users can schedule and create a private
conference through the User Portal, MMeeting or by dialing the private conference access number. Participants can be
invited to a private conference or join the
private conference through the User
Portal, M-Meeting, or by dialing the
private conference access number.
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Figure 12-3 shows how to establish a

private conference.
Figure 12-3 Process for establishing a
private conference
1: A user schedules a private conference

through the User Portal or M-Meeting or
by dialing the access number, conference
ID, and chairperson password.
2: After the conference starts, the chairperson invites participant A to the
conference.
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3: Participants B and C joins the conference through the M-Meeting or by dialing

the access number, conference ID, and
guest password.
The Private Conference service supports
the following media:
Voice
Standard-definition (SD) video
High-definition (HD) video
Telepresence
Voice+data
SD video+data
HD video+data
Telepresence+data
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Description > Private Conference in the
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
12.6
What
Subconference?
Solution
Is
Question
What is a Subconference?
Answer
The subconference service enables the
chairperson in a main conference to
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initiate a voice
subconference).
conference
(called
The chairperson can add subscribers inside or outside a main conference to a

subconference.
Figure 12-4 shows the relationship
between the main conference and the
subconference.
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Figure 12-4 Relationship between the main

conference and the subconference
As shown in Figure 12-4, the relationship

between the main conference and the
subconference is as follows:
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Subconferences can be created only for

voice conferences.
The main conference and subconference do not affect each other. Subscribers in the main conference do not
know what is discussed in the subconference, and subscribers in the subconference do not know what is discussed in the main conference.
The subconference depends on the
main conference.
Only one subconference can be initiated from the main conference. If the
subconference ends before the main
conference, the chairperson can initiate a new subconference.
When the main conference ends, the
subconference automatically ends.
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Description > Subconference in the Convergent Conference Solution product
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
12.7 What Is a Security

Conference?
Question
What is a Security conference?
Answer
The Security Conference service is an advanced conference service that allows
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subscribers to participate in a conference

only if their personal identification numbers (PINs) are authenticated by the convergent conference system. This service
ensures conference security.
The convergent conference system authenticates subscribers based on their
PINs or Caller Identity (CLI) to prevent
unauthorized subscribers from accessing
conference information and to ensure
that all conference participants are authorized subscribers.
NOTE:
PIN: There are formal PINs and temporary PINs.
A formal PIN is unique within the convergent
conference system, whereas a temporary PIN is
unique only within a conference. Subscribers configure their formal PINs when they are defined on
the Administrator Portal or maintain their formal
PINs on the User Portal. Temporary PINs are sent
to subscribers in the conference notification.
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Subscribers can input their temporary PINs or

formal PINs (if they have configured a formal
PIN) to attend a conference.
CLI: CLI authentication refers to participant
number authentication. The convergent conference system determines whether to allow a subscriber to attend a conference based on the authentication of the calling number.

Description > Security Conference in the
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
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12.8 What Is
Broadcasting?
Video
Question
What is a Video Broadcasting?
Answer
This service enables a chairperson to
broadcast the video of a participant to
other participants and the video viewed
by the participant will not be switched.
Moreover, the chairperson can choose a
video or appoint a participant whose
video is broadcast to watch a specific
video. The video broadcasting is one of
services in MediaX3600 convergent conference system.
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Description > Conference Service Functions > Conference Control > Video
Broadcasting in the Convergent Conference Solution product documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
12.9
What
Selection?
Is
Question
What is Video selection?
Solution
Video
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Answer
Video selection service enables chairpersons to set a participant's video or shared
desktop as the video source of a specified
picture.

Description > Conference Service Functions > Conference Control > Video
Selection in the Convergent Conference
Solution product documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
143/205
12.10
What
Chairperson
Selection?
Is
Video
Question
What is Chairperson Video Selection?
Answer
The Chairperson Video Selection service
enables chairpersons to select a video
they want to view, without changing the
video being broadcast to other participants. This service is used when only
one picture is specified as the broadcast
source on the User Portal.

Description > Conference Service
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Functions > Conference Control > Chairperson Video Selection in the Convergent
Conference
Solution
product
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
12.11 What Is Multipicture

Control?
Question
What is Multipicture Control?
Answer
The Multipicture Control service enables
the convergent conference system (CCS)
to simultaneously display multiple video
145/205
pictures on each video terminal in a conference. One of these pictures is the

primary picture, while others are secondary pictures. The conference chairperson
can configure each picture from one or
more video sources, such as participant
videos or auxiliary streams.

Description > Conference Service Functions > Conference Control > Multipicture Control in the Convergent Conference Solution product documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
Solution
146/205
12.12 What Are Auxiliary

Feeds?
Question
What are auxiliary feeds?
Answer
The Dual Streams service enables video
terminals to send or receive main and
auxiliary feeds at the same time and display them on different screens.
Main feeds are video streams, for example, participant images.
Auxiliary feeds are feeds from PCs.

Description > Conference Service
147/205
Functions > Auxiliary Conference Functions > Dual Streams in the Convergent
Conference
Solution
product
documentation.
Product Version
Convergent
Conference
13
Solution
RCS Solution
13.1 What Is the MSRP?
148/205
13.2 What Are the Highlights of the

RCS9880?
13.3 How to Synchronize UUIDs
Among All Nodes in a Cluster?
13.4 What Are the Instant Mode
and Store-and-Forward Mode?
13.5 What Is RCS?
13.6 What NEs Do the I2000 and
M2000 Manage?
13.7 What Users Are Created by the
System
During
RCS9880
Installation?
13.8 How
Version?
to
Check
the
VCS
13.9 How to Check the UUID of

Nodes in a Cluster?
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13.10 How to Configure the Physical

IP Address of the SMM Board?
13.1 What Is the MSRP?

Question
What is the MSRP?
Reply
According to the Message Session Relay
Protocol (MSRP), media streams in an
RCS session are transmitted over MSRP
connections. The MSRP is based on the
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and
is especially suitable for transmission of
instant messages. MSRP connections initiated by INVITE messages have a higher
transmission speed and security than
Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) connections over the User Datagram Protocol
(UDP)/Internet Protocol (IP).
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Reference Link
For details, see Description > Feature Description > Basic Service > Instant Messaging > Implementation Principle >
Basic Concepts in the RCS9880 product
documentation.
Product Version
RCS V100R002C10LG0001 or later
13.2
What
Highlights
RCS9880?
Are
of
the
the
Question
What are the highlights of the RCS9880?
151/205
Reply
The RCS9880 is the core NE for RCS services and provides the following
functions:
Stores, forwards, and schedules messages in one-to-one chats, stores files
for offline subscribers, resumes interrupted file transfers.
Saves created one-to-multiple chat
conferences to the server so that members in the conferences can join the
conferences and chat with other members at any time.
Supports the terminal wakeup capability provided by the Apple Push Notification service (APNs) so that subscribers can be always online.
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Supports interworking with traditional

PLMN short message system to protect carriers' investments.
Supports large-capacity cluster deployment and geographic redundancy.
Supports co-deployment with the VoIP
and VoLTE solutions on the same
hardware platform.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Product
Description > Highlights in the RCS9880
Product Version
153/205
13.3 How to Synchronize

UUIDs Among All Nodes
in a Cluster?
Question
How to synchronize UUIDs among all
nodes in a cluster?
Reply
If nodes of a cluster have different
UUIDs, you must select a reference node
and synchronize its UUID to all other
nodes in this cluster. Perform the following steps to synchronize UUIDs:
1. As user root, log in to the reference
node you selected.
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2. Run the following command to synchronize the UUID of this node to another node:
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/uuidconfig.pl
-clus -copy -from_sys srv1 to_sys srv2
In the command, "srv1" indicates the
name of the local host and "srv2" indicates the name of another host.
3. Repeat the preceding command to
synchronize the UUID to all other
nodes.
NOTE:
You can also synchronize UUIDs by copying the
clusuuid file in /etc/vx/.uuids from one node
to another.
Reference Link
For details, see Installation and Commissioning > Appendix > Appendix B-VCS
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FAQ > How to Synchronize UUIDs

Among Nodes in the RCS9880 product
documentation.
Product Version
13.4 What Are the Instant

Mode
and
Store-and-Forward Mode?
Question
What are the instant mode and storeand-forward mode?
Reply
The instant mode and store-and-forward
mode are the two delivery modes of instant messages.
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In instant mode, when the RCS AS receives a message from the calling
party, it first forwards the message to
the called party and then returns a response to the calling party.
In store-and-forward mode, when the
RCS AS receives a message from the
calling party, it first returns a response
to the calling party and then forwards
the message to the called party.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Feature Description > Basic Service > Instant Messaging in the RCS9880 product
documentation.
Product Version
157/205
13.5 What Is RCS?

Question
What is RCS?
Reply
Rich Communication Suite (RCS) is a
suite of services that includes voice calls,
video calls, instant messaging (IM) services (such as, instant messages, Presence service, address book synchronization, and file transfer), and sharing services (picture sharing and video sharing).
IMS-based RCS services enhance user experience such as a better QoS. Therefore,
the QoS of RCS services can be guaranteed by using dedicated bearers.
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Reference Link
For details, see Glossary in the RCS9880
Product Version
13.6 What NEs Do the

I2000
and
M2000
Manage?
Question
What NEs do the I2000 and M2000
manage?
Reply
In the Rich Communication Suite (RCS)
solution, the M2000 manages IMS NEs
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and the I2000 manages the RCS AS. The

M2000 and I2000 provide northbound
interfaces (NBIs) to connect to the network management system (NMS) and
southbound interfaces (SBIs) to connect
to their managed NEs.
Reference Link
For details, see Description > Product
Description > Operation and Maintenance > Network Management in the
RCS9880 product documentation.
Product Version
13.7
What
Created by
Users Are
the System
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During
Installation?
RCS9880
Question
What users are created by the system
during RCS9880 installation?
Reply
The system automatically creates certain
users during RCS9880 installation. Table
13-1 lists details about the users.
Table 13-1 RCS9880 user planning
NE
User
Type
User
Name
RMC/
Operating see
Presence/ system
CAB
users
User
ID
550
U
G
sneg
161/205
NE
BMSuite
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
Operating bmp
system
users
2100 sneg
bmpftp
1050 sneg
bmpftp
mediation mediation 551
med
162/205
NE
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
163/205
NE
I2000
User
Type
User
Name
Operating devdata
system
users
User
ID
U
G
600
neg
imapuser
550
ima
omc
1049 ima
164/205
NE
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
ftpuser
650
fileg
srcuser
700
term
nmsguest 750
nms
165/205
NE
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
166/205
NE
Common
users
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
UOA
uoa
560
sneg
ROOT
root
root
oracle
oracle
1048 oins
dba
sysomc
sysomc
800
adm
sneg
oins
dba
167/205
NE
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
sshusr
sshusr
1000 user
sms
sms
sneg
168/205
NE
User
Type
User
Name
User
ID
U
G
Reference Link
For details, see Installation and Commissioning > Software Installation > Preparations > Preparing Data > User Planning
in the RCS9880 product documentation.
Product Version
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13.8 How to Check the

VCS Version?
Question
How to check the VCS version?
Reply
Perform the following steps to check the
VCS version:
1. Log in to any node of the cluster as
user root.
2. Run the following command: rpm -q
VRTSvcs
3. Check the VCS version in the output.
If the version is VCS 4.1, the output
should be as follows:
VRTSvcs-4.1.40.30-MP4RP3_SLES10
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If the version is VCS 5.1, the output

should be as follows:
VRTSvcs-5.1.100.000-SP1GA_SLES10
Reference Link
FAQ > How to Check VCS Version in the
RCS9880 product documentation.
Product Version
171/205
13.9 How to Check the

UUID of Nodes in a
Cluster?
Question
How to check the UUID of nodes in a
cluster?
Reply
Perform the following steps to check the
UUID of nodes in a cluster. All nodes in a
cluster must have the same UUID.
1. Log in to a node of the cluster as user
root.
2. Run either of the following commands to check the UUID:
/opt/VRTSvcs/bin/uuidconfig.pl -clus -display srv2
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In the command, "srv2" indicates

the node name and depends on the
actual configuration.
cat /etc/vx/.uuids/clusuuid
In the command, "/etc/vx/.uuids/
clusuuid" indicates the file that
stores the UUID.
Reference Link
FAQ > How to Synchronize UUIDs
Among Nodes in the RCS9880 product
documentation.
Product Version
173/205
13.10 How to Configure

the Physical IP Address of
the SMM Board?
Question
How to configure the physical IP address
of the SMM board?
Reply
After a planned IP address is configured
for the SMM board, users can use this IP
address to log in to the SMM board
through Internet Explorer (input the address as http://physical IP address of the
SMM board) or PuTTY (use the SSH protocol). After the login, users can perform
maintenance operations.
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Product Version
14
VoLTE
Solution
14.1 What Is the
Between the VoLTE
Solutions?
Difference
and CSFB
14.2 What Types of LTE Terminals

Are There?
175/205
14.3 How Does a UE Obtain the PCSCF Address?

14.4 How Many APNs Should Be
Created When VoLTE Subscribers
Attach to the Network?
14.5 For PS Voice Calls, How to Prevent Repeated Charging by IMS and
EPC?
14.6 What Is Domain Selection?
14.7 What Is SRVCC/eSRVCC?
14.8 What Is the Difference
Between eSRVCC and SRVCC?
14.9 In What Scenarios Is the Anchoring Function Needed?
14.10 What Is the IP-SM-GW?
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14.1
What
Is
the
Difference Between the
VoLTE
and
CSFB
Solutions?
Question
What is the difference between the
VoLTE and CSFB solutions?
Reply
The voice over long term evolution
(VoLTE) solution is an IMS-based voice
solution for LTE networks. In this solution, voice, video, SMS, and supplementary services are processed in the IMS network. Voice and video traffic of these services is carried over IP networks and the
Policy Charging and Control (PCC)
177/205
mechanism is provided to achieve endto-end quality of service (QoS) of voice

traffic.
The circuit switched fallback (CSFB)
solution reuses CS networks to provide
voice services for LTE terminals and LTE
networks themselves provide only data
services. In this solution, when a terminal
tries to originate a voice service, the LTE
network instructs the terminal to fall
back to the CS domain.
Figure 14-1 shows the difference between
the VoLTE and CSFB solutions.
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Figure 14-1 Difference between the VoLTE

and CSFB solutions
VoLTE is considered the ultimate voice

solution for LTE networks. CSFB is used
as a transitional solution because it reuses CS networks and does not require
deployment of IMS. Therefore, CSFB will
exist together with VoLTE in a long
period.
179/205
Reference Link
For more information, see Descriptions >
Solution Description > LTE Voice Solutions
in
the
VoLTE
product
documentation.
Product Version
VoLTE V100R001C02 or later
14.2 What Types of LTE

Terminals Are There?
Question
What types of LTE terminals are there?
Reply
Long Term Evolution (LTE) terminals are
classified into voice over LTE (VoLTE)
and non-VoLTE terminals.
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VoLTE terminals are those that rely on

an IP multimedia subsystem (IMS) domain or an LTE network to use voice
services.
Non-VoLTE terminals are those that
rely on a circuit switched (CS) domain
to use voice services while connecting
to the LTE network to use data
services.
Table 14-1 describes each type of VoLTE
terminal.
Table 14-1 VoLTE terminals
Terminal Type
Single Radio
Description
A dual-mode terminal
with
a
single subscriber
identity module
(SIM) card. Single
181/205
Terminal Type
Description
Radio terminals
can access an IMS
domain through
an LTE network
or access a CS domain through a
2G/3G network.
However,
they
connect to either
an IMS or a CS
domain.
Uses IMS voice
services while in
LTE
networks;
uses CS voice services while in 2G/
3G networks.
Supports a single
radio voice call
continuity
(SRVCC)
or
182/205
Terminal Type
Description
enhanced SRVCC
(eSRVCC)
handover after moving out of LTE
coverage.
LTE data card
A software client on
PCs to use IMS voice
services.
Customer premises A terminal connecequipment (CPE)

ted to a plain old
telephone
service
(POTS) terminal to
use
IMS
voice
services.
Table 14-2 describes each type of nonVoLTE terminal.

Table 14-2 Non-VoLTE terminals
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Terminal Type
Dual Radio
Description
A dual-mode terminal
with
a
single SIM card.
Dual Radio terminals can be
connected to both
LTE and 2G/3G
networks at the
same time.
Uses CS voice services and LTE
data services.
Does not support
an SRVCC or
eSRVCC
handover.
Circuit switched fall- A dual-mode terback

(CSFB)
minal
with
a
terminal
single SIM card.
CSFB terminals
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Terminal Type
Description
are preferentially
connected to an
LTE
network.
They fall back to a
CS domain when
they need to use
voice services.
Uses CS voice services and LTE
data services.
Does not support
an SRVCC or
eSRVCC
handover.
Product Version
185/205
14.3 How Does a UE

Obtain
the
P-CSCF
Address?
Question
How does a UE obtain the P-CSCF
address?
Reply
A UE includes 000CH (P-CSCF IPv4
Address Request) in the Protocol Configuration Options information element
(IE) contained in an Attach request message or a PDN Connectivity Request message. The UE then sends the message to
the P-GW to request a P-CSCF address.
Based on the access point name (APN) or
subscriber identifier information (IMSI
or MSISDN), the P-GW searches the local
186/205
P-CSCF address data for a suitable PCSCF address and sends a session response message to the UE. This message
contains the address of the P-CSCF that
is assigned to the UE.
Reference Link
Description > Registration in the VoLTE
Product Version
187/205
14.4 How Many APNs

Should Be Created When
VoLTE Subscribers Attach
to the Network?
Question
How many APNs should be created when
VoLTE subscribers attach to the
network?
Reply
When Long Term Evolution (LTE) subscribers attach to the evolved packet core
(EPC) network, two separate access point
names (APNs) should be created. One is
used for data services and the other is
used for IMS services. The two APNs correspond to different default bearers and
different IP addresses.
188/205
Reference Link
Description > QoS in the VoLTE product
documentation.
Product Version
14.5 For PS Voice Calls,

How to Prevent Repeated
Charging by IMS and EPC?
Question
For PS voice calls, how to prevent repeated charging by IMS and EPC?
189/205
Reply
When a subscriber accesses the IMS network through the evolved packet core
(EPC) network, the EPC network charges
the subscribers for the used packet
switched (PS) bearer bandwidth. To
avoid repeated charging by IMS and EPC,
the billing center (BC) correlates IMS
CDRs and EPC CDRs in either of the following ways:
(Recommended) If IMS services use a
separate access point name (APN), the
BC uses only IMS CDRs and does not
charge the subscriber for the PS traffic
used at this access point.
If IMS services and data services use
the same APN, both IMS and EPC domains generate CDRs. The BC correlates IMS CDRs and EPC CDRs based
on the IMS charging identifiers
190/205
(ICIDs) and GPRS charging identifiers

(GCIDs) contained in CDRs.
Reference Link
For details, see Descriptions > Solution
Description > Charging in the VoLTE
Product Version
14.6 What
Selection?
Is
Question
What is domain selection?
Domain
191/205
Reply
UEs that support voice over long term
evolution (VoLTE) can access a 2G/3G
network, an LTE network, or both at the
same time, depending on the LTE signal
strength. Therefore, when a UE that supports VoLTE initiates or receives a call, a
network must be used to connect the call.
This process is called domain selection.
When a UE originates a call, the UE performs domain selection based on data of
the network with which the UE has registered. When a UE receives a call, the
network side queries data of the network
with which the UE has registered and
performs domain selection. LTE subscribers share the same number segments with 2G/3G subscribers. The network side cannot connect a call to the
LTE or circuit switched (CS) network
simply based on the number segment of
192/205
the called party. Instead, it must query

the convergent HLR/HSS for the domain
selection information about the called
party and connect the call to the LTE or
CS network based on that information.
NOTE:
Domain selection by the network applies only to
Single Radio terminals. Other LTE terminals are
connected to only one network for voice services,
which does not involve domain selection.
As defined by 3GPP, domain selection by

the network is implemented by the TADS, the function of which is integrated
with the SCC AS. The T-ADS queries the
subscriber database for the UE type and
access domain information and implements domain selection based on the carrier policies.
193/205
Reference Link
Description > Basic Call > Domain Selection Performed by the T-ADS in the
VoLTE product documentation.
Product Version
14.7 What
eSRVCC?
Is
SRVCC/
Question
What is SRVCC/eSRVCC?
Reply
Single radio voice call continuity
(SRVCC)/enhanced SRVCC (eSRVCC)
enables Long Term Evolution (LTE)
194/205
subscribers to continue their ongoing

calls when they move from an evolved
universal terrestrial radio access network
(E-UTRAN) to a UMTS terrestrial radio
access network (UTRAN) or GSM/EDGE
radio access network (GERAN).
An LTE network at the initial phase usually covers only hot spots and is limited
in continuous coverage. When a subscriber in a call on an LTE network
moves out of the LTE coverage, the call
becomes disconnected. To address this
problem, SRVCC/eSRVCC is introduced.
SRVCC allows subscribers to continue an
ongoing call when roaming from an EUTRAN to a UTRAN or GERAN. SRVCC,
proposed by 3GPP, is aimed to resolve
the voice call continuity problem facing
subscribers at early LTE deployment
phase.
195/205
eSRVCC is introduced to shorten the

speech gap caused by SRVCC handovers.
In the eSRVCC network architecture, the
ATCF/ATGW is added between the
proxy-call session control function (PCSCF) and the I-CSCF/S-CSCF. If an
SRVCC handover is required, the media
session is anchored to the ATGW. Only
media information on the ATGW needs
to be updated when an SRVCC handover
occurs. Media information on the UE
does not need to be updated.
Reference Link
Description > SRVCC/eSRVCC in the
Product Version
196/205
14.8
What
Is
the
Difference
Between
eSRVCC and SRVCC?
Question
What is the difference between eSRVCC
and SRVCC?
Reply
The difference between single radio voice
call continuity (SRVCC) and enhanced
SRVCC (eSRVCC) services is that the
eSRVCC service has decreased the handover duration to 300 ms to reduce voice
interruption without changing the live
network architecture. A key challenge to
reducing handover duration is to control
the time that IMS spends establishing
new bearers. Figure 14-2 shows how the
197/205
eSRVCC service has shortened the new

bearer setup process by reducing the
message transmission path.
Figure 14-2 Comparison between eSRVCC
and SRVCC services
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SRVCC: The media handover point is a

peer device such as a peer UE. After
the local access network changes, the
local side must send the address of the
new bearer device to the peer device.
The peer device then updates bearer
addresses.
eSRVCC: The media handover point is
an ATCF/ATGW (Huawei SBC) near
the local side. An ATCF/ATGW functions as a media anchoring point and
forwards messages between the PCSCF and I-CSCF/S-CSCF regardless
of whether an eSRVCC handover occurs. When an eSRVCC handover occurs, only the bearer channel between
the UE and the ATGW needs to be established. The original bearer channel
is reused to transmit media streams
between the peer device and the
ATGW.
199/205
Therefore, the message exchange path

for establishing a new bearer is shorter
than that in the SRVCC architecture,
cutting down the handover duration.
Reference Link
Description > SRVCC/eSRVCC in the
Product Version
200/205
14.9 In What Scenarios Is

the Anchoring Function
Needed?
Question
In what scenarios is the anchoring function needed?
Reply
In the voice over long term evolution
(VoLTE) solution, voice, video, and supplementary services of VoLTE subscribers are processed in the IMS network. When a VoLTE subscriber roams
out of the LTE coverage or a 2G/3G subscriber calls a VoLTE subscriber, the call
request must be routed to the IMS
network.
201/205
There are the following two scenarios of

routing:
The VoLTE subscriber uses a number
in a new number segment.
For a new VoLTE subscriber whose
number is in a new number segment
planned by the carrier, the subscriber
number is distinguished from 2G/3G
numbers. Number analysis data can be
configured on the GMSC server or
MGCF so that calls of this subscriber
will be routed to the IMS network. In
this case, the anchoring function is not
needed.
The VoLTE subscriber uses the original number upgraded from the 2G/3G
network.
As the VoLTE subscriber number is
not distinguished from 2G/3G numbers, the intelligent network (IN)
202/205
anchoring service must be provided for

this VoLTE subscriber. When this
subscriber's call request reaches the
GMSC server, IN anchoring is
triggered and the call request is sent to
the anchor AS. The anchor AS then assigns an IMS routing number (IMRN),
based on which the GMSC server or
MGCF routes the call to the IMS
network.
Reference Link
Description > Basic Call > Anchoring
Performed by the Anchor AS in the
Product Version
203/205
14.10
What
IP-SM-GW?
Is
the
Question
What is the IP-SM-GW?
Reply
The IP short message gateway (IP-SMGW) service enables short message delivery between IMS domains and circuit
switched (CS) domains.
The IP-SM-GW supports the following
types of short messages:
Legacy CS short messages
IP short messages in transport-level
interworking scenarios. The IP-SMGW includes a CS short message in a
MESSAGE message body as a relay
204/205
protocol data unit (RPDU) and transmits it over an IP network.
Reference Link
Description > IP Short Message Gateway
in the VoLTE product documentation.
Product Version
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1

2.7 What Are Home and Visited

2.14 What Are the Relationships

2.18 Is There Any

provides services such as the game,

If fixed networks access the IMS,

layer helps to charge, address, manage

2.2 How Is the P-CSCF

The IP address of the P-CSCF can be

2. After receiving the UAR message, the

2.4 How Is the I-CSCF

2.5 Why Is Registration

the subscription network connects the

2.6 Which Are Types of

are in the same implicit registration

2.7 What Are Home and

and visited domain is the network where

2.8 What Is the

reservation, application service session,

2.9 What Are the Working

2.11 What Is a tel URI?

2.12 What Is a SIP URI?

2.13 Which Are types of tel

The tel number can be a global number

2.15 What Is PSI?

group, provided by the application server

Header fields and message body are

2.17 Which Are Types of

2.19 Where Can I Find the

Delta records describe the version

3.3 What Are the Power Consumptions of a Board and a Subrack?

The differences among switch interface boards lie in the interfaces

3.3 What Are the Power

4.4 What Are the IMS Upgrade

4.1 What Is the Software

4.2 Which Are Types of

IP forward The IFM re- 1+1 active/

The DPU re- 1+1 active/

fixed and mobile network

The VCU applies to scenarios where

Central data- The CDB per- 1+1 active/

used for data

4.3 What Are the IMS

Figure 4-1 Software installation principle

The details of software installation principle are as follows:

and start the operating system, then

4.4 What Are the IMS

The details of the seamless upgrade principle are as follows:

standby status if the standby processes are faulty.

the takeover, the service interruption

requirements. In this case, you can install

OMU services or boards. You can run

4.6 Which Are Types of

4.7 What Is the Process of

5.1 How Can I Configure Number

5.1 How Can I Configure

ATS9900, S-CSCF, I-CSCF, and MGCF

5.2 What Is the Route

6.1 What Are WSDL and

XML is a collection of data. XSD specifies

6.2 What Is Shared iFC?

> References > Regular Expression in the

7.2 What Is the IMS Network KPI

7.1 What Are the KPI