Reference list entry provides the full information about the source of words, ideas or other
information that you have used in your text in a special section after the text entitled
References. The full information includes the authors (or authors) surname, first name(s) or
initials, the year of publication, the title of the source, and the publication details.
The details that should be included in the reference list entry depend on the type of the source
and are presented on the next page, together with the punctuation and formatting
requirements for the elements of the entry.
The reference list should be arranged ascending alphabetically based on each references lead
author surname:
Agarwal, R., Echambadi, R., Franco, A. M. and Sarkar, M. B. (2004) Knowledge transfer
through inheritance: Spin-out generation, development, and survival, Academy of
Management Journal 47(4): 501-522.
Bamford, C., Dean, T. and McDougall, P. (2000) An examination of the impact of initial
founding conditions and decisions upon the performance of new bank start-ups, Journal of
Business Venturing 15(5/6): 253-277.
Fuller, A., Beck, V. and Unwin, L. (2005) Gendered Nature of Apprenticeship: Employers and
Young Peoples Perspectives, Education and Training 47(4/5) 298-311.
If the reference list includes several entries by the same author(s), these should be presented in
the chronological order of publication date:
Baum, J. A. C., and Oliver, C. (1991) Institutional linkages and organizational mortality,
Administrative Science Quarterly 36(2): 187-218.
Baum, J. A. C. and Oliver, C. (1992) Institutional embeddedness and the dynamics of
organizational populations, American Sociological Review 57(4): 540559.
If you are citing more than one source from the same author(s) published in the same year you
can sub-divide these by appending the year of publication given in the citation and reference
with an alphabetic character, e.g. (2004a) and (2004b).
Note that, although for sources with three or more authors, your in-text citation replaces the
names of the authors after the lead author with et al., e.g. (Agarwal et al. 2004). Your
reference list entry for the source must include the names of all authors, regardless of how many
there are.
Do not group reference list entries into sections by type of publication (e.g. books, journal
articles, unpublished documents).
Book
Format
Authors surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Title (Edition [if not the first]). Place
of publication: Publisher.
Example
Chapter authors surname, Initials. (Year of publication) Chapter title (Chapter No.
[if applicable], page range in Initials. Surname [of the editor(s) of publication]
(ed(s).) Title of the book. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example
Article in a journal
Format
Authors name, Initials. (Year of publication) Article title, Journal title volume
number(issue number): first page of the article-last page of the article.
Example
Newspaper article
Format
Authors name, Initials. [or Newspaper title, if the article is unsigned] (Year of
publication). Title of article. Title of newspaper, Day and month: Page number.
Example
Example
UNESCO (1993) General information programme and UNISIST. Paris: UNESCO. PGI93/WS/22.
Authors surname, initials (Year of publication) Title of work. Type of work. Name
of institution from which the work is available.
Examples
Carroll, G. R., and Teo, A. (1998) How regulation and globalization affected
organizational legitimation and competition among commercial banks in
Singapore, 18401994. OBIR Working Paper. Institute of Management, Innovation
and Organization, Haas School of Business.
Han, J. (1998) The evolution of the Japanese banking industry: an ecological
analysis, 18731945. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Stanford University.
Example
National Centre for Social Research (2006) Qualitative research. London: National
Centre for Social Research. Available at:
http://www.natcen.ac.uk/natcen/pages/hw_qualitative.htm; accessed 14 August
2006.