Evaluation of Information Services (IMC 651)

TITLE

THE FACTOR OF USER ACCEPTANCE IN USING THE

ELECTRONIC MEDICAL RECORDS SYSTEM (EMRs)

1.0

INTRODUCTION
Nowadays, in this competitive global information system (IS) environment, an
integrative system is crucial for the highly demanding of information needs. We may
found that in most environments such as in business, educational, administration or even
medical environment have made a greater altered in replacing the ways they keeping their
records from paper based and now being transformed in the form of system by the aid of
advanced technology from day to day. Healthcare aspect is vital in daily lives where most
people today prefer to find a hospital that offers better healthcare services. Normally,
people will demand on a good quality services provided by hospitals. Thus, this situation
has influenced the hospitals organization to improve their services by adopting
information system (IS).
In Malaysia, the information system that being used in the medical environment is
known as Electronic Medical Record System (EMRs). Towards the context of hospital
environment, the adoption of IS quite remarkable since many hospitals either public or
private hospital are able to increase their services to high quality level for competing
among them. This being proven by Smith and Swinehart in 2001 and also further by
Ovretveit in 2007, they stated that, United States of America (USA), which was adopted
the information system to be applied in their medical environment since 2001 as the
emergence of IBM system. At the early stages of IS implementation, it focused only on
improving efficiencies in accounting function such as billing and financial reporting.
However, as the need to manage the integrated clinical management, financial and
operational information grows and evolves, thus the used of IS being upgraded to match
up with the medical environments purposely.

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CHAPTER ONE:
STUDY GENERAL FRAMEWORK

2.1

BACKGROUND OF STUDY
2.1.1

History of the evolution of Electronic Medical Record System in Malaysia

(EMRs)

In Malaysia, the used of information system in medical environment was

first being implemented in Selayang Hospital in year 1999 and followed by
Putrajaya Hospital in year 2000. This fact was stated by authors named Hadis and
Hashim in year 2004. The emergence of ERMs in medical environment caused by
the concerned made from the Ministry of Health (MOH) towards the healthcare
quality always became an important issues. Thus, one of the actions taken by
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MOH to increase the quality of healthcare in Malaysia is through a project named
Telehealth project. In this project, the used of IS in health sector strives to attain
the concept of patient accessing the care needed at one point of contact rather than
they referring to another levels of care.
Based on the author named Hassan in year 2004, he stated that, in this
Telehealth project plan, each hospital that firstly listed need to have one IT
planning group known as Core Team which consisted of the director of the
hospital as a Head of Core Team and also a group of nurses too.
Furthermore, at the early stage of implementing this system, the project
group members having some problems and challenges. The challenges that they
faced on were no single software package to support the hospital needs because
the system mainly used multiple software packages, insufficient training program
to train staffs to use the application because of time constraint, human resistance
such as behavior and others. However, from time to time, the project team
members are able to solve these problems from time to time. For instance,
problems dealing with insufficient training for staff in IT application being solved
by providing help desk and training workshop except to the doctors as they need
to provide IT skill specialist to train them well using the system in operating the
2.1.2

EMRs.
The overview of Electronic Medical System (EMRs)
According to author named Fisher in year 1999, the terminology of EMRs
being defined first as computer stored medical records, then being followed by
computerized patient record (CPR), computerized medical record (CMR),
computer-based patient record system (CBPR), electronic health record (EHR),
and automated medical record (AMR). In general term, EMRs, is a computerized
medical record that can be accessed with concerned of patient privacy,
confidential and security from multiple integrated systems at any point of care
within the health care organizations.
Moreover, the other definition defined by author named Jerome in year
1999, he stated that EMRs as a computer-based information system that integrates
patients-specific information from diverse sources and tracks that information
over time to facilitate clinical management and information retrieval, analysis and
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reporting. On the other hand, the author named Morgan in year 2002, he defines
EMRs as a confined medical record offering little integration with other system
and is much restricted in its scope.
In addition, in year 1998, the National Health Society Executive (NHSE)
of United States of America, they came up with six level of EMRs or also known
as AMR. The six level of EMRs/AMR were listed below:
Initial stage of using computer, however users still relying on paper based
record to prepare documentation.
Paper totally being eliminated and data is scanned into the system.
True enterprise wide application where as allow users to access all patient
information available within enterprise.
EMRs offer links for community based, regional, national and
international.
Patient plays a role in EMRs system where as he or she need to fill in the
personal data entry.
Advance multi-media telematics such as picture archiving and
communications system.
On the other hand, EMRs, systems are increasingly used in developing
countries including Malaysia as to improve quality of care while increasing
efficiency too. Todays, the EMRs systems have covered the major aspects which
are in the operation of primary care, outpatient and inpatient hospital care.
Therefore, Electronic Medical Record (EMRs) systems are the core
platform for a variety of applications that offer benefits for patients, doctors, and
public health officials, as well as potential for cost savings. A comprehensive
EMR platform may include clinical and pharmaceutical administrative
capabilities, decision support for doctors, and data aggregation. Lastly, designing
effective reforms of health care can delivery requires information on what
strategies have been effective at improving the cost effectiveness and quality of
care.
On the other hand, EMR system has been adopted not only in Malaysia
but also in developed countries such as United Kingdom, Australia, Unites States

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and others. This system is enabling the user to access any patients record,
medical imaging, or lab results at hospital or clinic. The health care industrys
growing adoption of Electronic Medical Records is giving rise to a new
perspective on the role of healthcare professionals. With the aid of advancement
in technology and Information technology mainly, it is proving to be as a vital
element in the administration of healthcare.
Specifically, most hospitals in Malaysia are adopting information systems
that provide more accurate and timely information regarding patient care. The
widespread of using information technology has affected the way of hospitals
maintain documentation of their daily transactions such as in data storage,
retrieving and communication. Based on the author named Christian in 2002, he
stated that nowadays, we are in the midst of a landmark shift in record keeping,
with the push for electronic medical records well under way. An electronic
medical record system was introduced as a way to facilitate a centralized patient
information repository.
Next, the Electronic Medical Records (EMRs) are used for many purposes
including managing and tracking patient care, administration, research, quality
improvement and reimbursement. These systems require knowledge of the
underlying quality of the data within the EMRs so as to avoid misinterpretation.
An EMR system basically serves as the primary source of information for patient
care. Information technology permits much more data to be captured, processed
and integrated, thereby providing meaningful information and contributing to the
knowledge of authorized users for legitimate uses.
According to The American Medical Association society, they state that
the current paper medical record is insufficient in content, format, accuracy and
accessibility to allow determination of healthcare effectiveness and outcomes.
According to the Medical Records Institute, electronic medical records (EMRs)
have the same structure, scope and information as do paper-based records in an

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electronic format. EMRs can remedy the inherent flaws of the conventional paper
system through improvements in accessibility,

Therefore, the Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) is generally

designed to preserve and present patient data longitudinally throughout their many
encounters with a healthcare provider system. At its most basic level, an EMRs
provides a legible, organized method of recording and retrieving clinical
information about an individual patient, and essentially replaces the paper medical
record that is most familiar to practitioners. By its very nature, EMRs supports
data retrieval for quality assessment activities, research, and practice
improvement initiatives. EMRs enable concurrent access to documentation in the
patient's chart by multiple practitioners. EMRs also eliminates the need

2.2

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Generally, at the early stages of Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) being
implement in medical environment, the user of the system includes the staff management,
doctors, nurses and others people that involved directly or indirectly using this system,
they having a problem in order to operate this system. This is due to lack of training and
skills to operate this new system as the transformation being made from paper based
record into electronic record. However, the problem regarding on how to operate and
used this system have been solved by Information System expertise in medical
environment. They have come out with solution towards the problem that faced up by the
user. Thus, in todays reality, almost majority organizations in medical environment have
using EMR system smoothly. Therefore, the statement of problem due to this case study
is relating towards the factors that have influence the user acceptance on the adoption of
Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) either in private or public hospital.

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2.3

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
Based on the problem statement, the research questions towards this research
study have been reformulated accordingly to the problem of statement. Below are the lists
of research questions.

What are the factors that influence the user acceptance on the adoption of
Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs)?

Does the adoption of Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) in medical

environment give an impact towards the public or private hospital?

Does the resistance to change affect the Electronic Medical Record system
(EMRs) adoption either in private or public hospital?

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2.4

RESEARCH OBJECTIVES
Below are some of the research objectives:

To identify the factors that influenced the user acceptance in using the Electronic
Medical Records System (EMRs).

To determine the impact of adopting the use of Electronic Medical Records

System (EMRs) either in public or private hospital.

To obtain a further and clear understanding on the evolution and used of

Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs) in medical environment.

2.5

RESEARCH PURPOSE

The main purpose of this research is to explore the current practices of using the
Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs) in medical environment that have been
implemented either in public or private hospital. This is important in order to know how
effective the Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs) practices being applied in the
particular organizations.

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2.6

SIGNIFICANT OF THE STUDY

The importance of this research is to make the organizations especially involved

in medical environment, realize on the effective and efficient of using the Electronic
Medical Records System (EMRs) regarding towards the activities involved in records
management. It is essential for any organization to make sure that they have a proper and
systematic record management practices in order to prevent the problem related to loose
of vital document that is valuable to people, organization, country and nation. In medical
environment, a hospital especially needs to have the best records management system as
to keep all the patients record in systematic ways. As the number of patient is increasing
from day to day, thus a hospital required a useful record management system that able to
store all the record of patients and also the administration record.
Other than that, the importance of this research is to improve the understanding of
records management practices. It will help both private and public hospital to improve
their records management practices in daily operation. The organizations will have
awareness on how to classify records effectively and apply them in their organizations
management. Moreover, this research also can help organizations to improve the quality
of works and improve skills in the records management practices for future benefits.
Moreover, this research study may be a reveal useful recommendations for all hospital
either public or private hospital to start implementing or adopting in the use of the
Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs).

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2.7

LIMITATIONS OF STUDY

Towards this research study, there are some limitations that have been identified.
Below are the list of limitation occurred:

Limitation of location
-

In order to carry out this research study, the expected location that suitable to
gain the information and data about the adoption of using the Electronic
Medical Records System (EMRs) are at the private or public hospitals. The
scope of location need to be narrow as this system usually implemented in
huge organization such as hospital as the number of user can be seen more
clearly in a large amount.

Limitation of time
-

The period of time to conduct this research study is within six months as
included to collect the data by distributing the questionnaire, to make an
interview session with the suitable respondents such as the user of this system.

Limitation of respondents
- The respondents that involved in this research study is related to the user of
this Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs). People that would be a
respondent of this study must have an experience in using this system. For
instance, the respondent of this study may included the IS/IT department staff
of the hospital, the doctors, nurses, administration staff and also might the
patients or public individual that have experienced to used this system to
viewed his or her medical record in hospital currently,.

2.8

THE RESEARCH STUDY MODEL

Efficiency
in accessing
org e
Interface
of 10
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Perceived
ease
of use
Quality ofdata
the data
retrieving

Evaluation of Information Services (IMC 651)

The factors of user acceptance in using

the Electronic Medical Records
System (EMRs).

2.9

TERMINOLOGIES OF THE STUDY

Electronic Medical Records System (EMRs)

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According to Wagner in 2004, he defines Electronic Medical Records system

(EMRs) as a computerized medical record that can be accessed with
concerned of patient privacy, confidential and security from multiple
integrated systems at any point of care within the healthcare enterprise.

Based on Jerome in 1999, he defines the Electronic Medical Records System

(EMRs) term as a computer-based information system that integrates patientsspecific information from diverse sources and tracks that information
overtime to facilitate clinical management and information retrieval, analysis
and reporting.

Health care
-

Based on the medical dictionary available in free websites, the health care
being defines as the prevention, treatment, and management of illness and the
preservation of mental and physical well-being through the services offered by
the medical and allied health professions.

Record management practices

-

The process involved of systematic administration of records and documented

information that covers on the entire life cycle, from the creation of the
records, classification, use, filling, retention, storage and to the final
disposition activities.

Hospital
-

An institution that provides medical, surgical, or psychiatric care and

treatment for the sick or the injured.

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CHAPTER TWO:
LITERATURE REVIEW

3.1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter discusses about the literature review and present previous relevant
research made by different author or expertises. The content of the literature review
include the topic covered on the dependent variables and independent variables regarding
towards the study framework model. Besides that, this chapter also will describe more
clearly about each of the independent variables that consist of efficiency in accessing or
retrieving data, perceived ease of use, privacy of data and the interface of the system.

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3.2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Based on the article entitled, Acceptance model of Electronic Medical Record,

that have been wrote by two authors which are Haslina Mohd and Sharifah Mastura Syed
Muhamad, both of them discusses the factor of acceptance issues towards the use of
Electronic Medical Records system (EMRs), particularly in Malaysia. The user
acceptance of IT application especially EMR system still needs proper strategies in order
to enhance the acceptance level of EMR system. According to, Mohd and Syed Mohamad
in 2005, they found that the level of EMR system acceptance are moderately being
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accepted. Although the EMR system is still new, thus a generic design of this system is
required. In addition, the author have discuss the benefits of using the EMR system
including the ease that by using this system, the data can be accessible from multiple
locations and units within the enterprise and it will help the administration department
easy in creating reports, organizing and location clinical information, managing plan care,
enhancing claiming and ordering processes, reducing the time for billing processes and
provide better customer service.
The traditional method being used previously have many problems such as
missing diagnostic information, instructed patient data stored may cause difficulty in
finding information on demand with the time limitation and needing storage space. Thus,
the new user of the EMR system said that this system have give a greatest changes due to
managing the records effectively and efficiently and improve a lot in the quality of care,
reduce cost in managing care environment and improve provider efficiency.
According to Gefen in 2003, he stated that the EMR system will result in failure
and unanticipated consequences if their technical aspects are over emphasized and their
social and organizational factors such as the user acceptance and the diffusion of
information system are overlooked. The author have included the factor of the user
acceptance towards the use of EMR system that consist of the perceived of usefulness,
interface, efficiency in accessing or retrieving information, quality of the data and others.
In 2002, the author named Tsiknakis, have said it is important to have a good presentation
of the EMR system as it is important of user acceptance factors and information quality
that may affect user acceptance level of EMR system.
According to the next article entitled, Benefits and Costs of Electronic Medical
records, that wrote by Sarah D. Humpage in 2010, she have stated that the adoption of
EMR system are flexible tool that is capable of improving efficiency in the delivery of
health services as well as the quality of care. The data in EMR system can be more
accurate than data from paper records because the aggregate data may be more accurate if
each observation is entered by the doctor himself rather than copied over during the
aggregation. Based on the Williams and Boren in 2008, both of them issued the factor
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towards the acceptance of using EMR system regarding the quality of the data contains
in. They said that, data in EMR system is more legible than handwriting because different
people may have different handwriting styles especially in medical environment, they
dealing with scientific words.
Moreover, by using the EMR system, it capable in generating alert if a value is
entered that falls outside an expected range. This have been prove by Fraser and Hunt in
2005. They have come out with a result from the research that they carried out regarding
the quality of the data which the EMR system may reduced medical errors too. They
noticed that, the EMR system is capable of responding to information entered with
suggestions or alerts. These may be alerts to drug allergies, improper doses or
interactions, suggested treatments for a given condition, or suggested preventive care,
such as vaccines. Randomly, the author named Bates, in 2000, they have found that a
computerized order entry system for prescriptions reduced medical errors by 55 percent.
From the same article, the author have describes another factor of user acceptance
towards the EMR system which is the efficiency and the effectiveness of EMR system
that cover on the time of accessing or retrieve the data being keep in this system.
According to Levesque in 2001, he stated that with a fast EMR system, further efficiency
gains are found in simply saving time looking for patient records. EMR system may be
useful tool to track the care of patients with chronic conditions, as they help the doctor
maintain records over time. They may also be used to increase coverage of preventive
care, generating cost savings down the line as the doctors are able to search an EMR
system for patients with specific profiles. The author named, Garrido in 2005 stated that,
towards the efficiency of the EMR system, if an EMR system make patient information
available to multiple doctors, and prevents the loss of lab or imaging results, this may
prevent duplicates procedure or test, saving both money and doctor and patient time.
From another article entitled, Hospital information system implementation in a
public hospital: A case study from Malaysia, the author that wrote this article were Noor
Fazdlina Mohd Fadhil, Mariana Jusop and also Dr. Abdul Aziz Abdullah, they have
discussed on the factor of interface towards the factor of user acceptance in using the
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EMR system. The poor interface and fewer users friendly made the users tend to dislike
using the system despite its benefits and importance. The system needs to have a good
system designs, and the most important part is functioning well for completing the tasks.
Based on Davis in 1993, in his research concluded that people accepted the
system not only because of its benefits, but they enjoyed the process of using them,
which referred to the friendliness of the system interface. Commonly, the user will not get
interest to use the system because the system has problem, hang and jammed. Other than
that, the system that he or she used have difficulties to save data, cannot save with or
without click information with at the same time there are too many applications that are
making them confused.
Furthermore, according to Pearson and Bailey in 1983, the user satisfaction
towards system that they used includes the accuracy, security, timely and the format of
layout. The format of layout is vital in order to get the interest of the user. The aspect
includes in the format of layout of the system design are, the color used, the navigation
link, the display of information, images and advertisement and others. For instance, the
color being used must be balanced with the viewers eyes.
On the other hand, the article entitled Factors influencing the doctors
satisfaction of electronic medical records: A survey in Malaysian public hospitals, have
highlighted the factors of perceived of use towards the use in EMR system public hospital
environment. This article was written by Haslina Mohd, Fauziah Baharom, Sharifah
Mastura Mohamad, Norida Muhd Darus and Nor Laily Hashim. Towards the content of
the article, the factor of perceived of ease of use refers to the degree to which a person
believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job. This statement has
been cited by Davis in 1989. The ease of use regarding the system included the
accomplish task more quickly, increased productivity, enhance job effectiveness, easy to
do job, and useful in job. By using the EMR system, the user believes that using this
system will be relatively free of effort.
Besides that, the ease of use also related to the user perspective in order the ease
to learn the system because it is not complicated to learn, easy to do as require, clear and
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understandable and flexible to interact. The EMR system also not covered on specific
location because it using a network line, thus people can get access to this anywhere at
any time as long as the network is available within that covered area.
Lastly, the data captured in EMR system offer enormous potential benefits for
doctors as they track patient progress and policy-makers attempting to identify epidemics
of forecast disease and budget trends. The EMR system has been more successful
because this system offers enormous potential time savings, particularly in the
aggregation of data.

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CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH STUDY METHODOLOGY

4.1

INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the methodology of the study which includes the research
design, sample selection, research instrument, data gathering procedure, and data analysis
as to provide answers the research questions. This study seeks to provide insight into the
adoption of Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) in hospital. In order to do so, the
study utilizes a qualitative and quantitative case study approach to examine the
methodological approaches of the research. The research study respondents may included
the IS/IT department staff of the hospital, the doctors, nurses, administration staff and
also might the patients or public individual that have experienced to used this system to
viewed his or her medical record in hospital currently. These group respondents were
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selected based on criteria that have already been identified and the process involves in the
development of instruments, data collection and data analysis of the research.

4.2

THE RESEARCH STUDY METHODOLOGY

Researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or
to interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them (Denzin,
1994). Qualitative research is intended to penetrate to the deeper significance that the
subject of the research ascribes to the topic being researched. It involves an interpretive,
naturalistic approach to its subject matter and gives priority to what the data contribute to
important research questions or existing information.
Quantitative research is a research that relies primarily on the collection of
quantitative data. It involves the analysis of numbers. For example, the measurement of
tangible variables and their inter-relationships. Quantitative research tends to generate

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qualitative data, which is data is either collected in numeric format or rapidly reduced to
numbers.
In this research, qualitative and quantitative research will be conducted in order to
identify the factor of user acceptance towards the used of Electronic Medical Record
system (EMRs), by conducting interview and distributing questionnaires. Face-to-face
interview is suitable for qualitative research because the main objective of the interview
sessions is to collect qualitative data. The interview session will be organized by
individual and group interview. The individual that selected to be interviewed must the
one who used the Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) and experience of using this
system in a period of time such as Information System Manager of IS/IT department in
hospital. The questionnaire is the most common approach for collecting data for
quantitative research.

4.3

RESEARCH DESIGN
According to Dr. Kenneth Harling in 2002, a research study is a holistic inquiry
that investigates a contemporary phenomenon within its natural setting. Specifying
particular terms in greater detail:

The phenomenon can be many different things likes related to a program,

an event, an activity, a problem or an individual.

The natural setting is the context within which this phenomenon appears.
Context is included because contextual conditions are considered highly
pertinent to the phenomenon being studied either because many factors in
the setting impinge on the phenomenon or because the separation between
the phenomenon and the context is not clearly evident.

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The phenomenon and setting are a bound system where, there are limits on
what is considered relevant or workable. The boundaries are set in terms
of time, place, events, and processes.

Holistic inquiry involves collection of in-depth and detailed data that are
rich in content and involve multiple sources of information including
direct observation, participant observations, interviews, audio-visual
material, documents, reports and physical artifacts. The multiple sources
of information provide the wide array of information needed to provide an
in-depth picture.

The important of research study in this research is appropriate to the research

questions and the only viable method to obtain, implied and precise data from the
subjects.

4.4

POPULATION AND SAMPLING

4.4.1

Sample
Samples are a fraction of the target population in which a generalization is
applied to the whole population. Samples and accessible population are the same.
During data analysis the samples are referred to as respondents.
Only chosen hospital will be used as a sample for the research. The reason
for choosing several hospital for the research sampling is because enables to
construct a specific investigation on user acceptance toward the use of Electronic
Medical Record system (EMRs). Other than that, by doing research on selected
hospital such as one public hospital or one private hospital, the time will be more
effective to get findings and data collections.
Hospital Besar Melaka will be used for the research sampling. It is
because Hospital Besar Melaka is a large agency and therefore, it has
implemented the use of Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) which handle
by the staffs. The hospital is fully government and therefore, most of the records
systems are according to the standard procedures provided by the National
Archives of Malaysia.
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4.4.2

Population
Almost all methods of research obtain their information from respondents
who are the people who provide the information and they are called population.
Population is defined as the group to which the results of the study are intended to
apply to. Accessible population will be used as a smaller portion of the target
population.
The research study respondents may include the IS/IT department staff of
the hospital, the doctors, nurses, administration staff and also might the patients
or public individual that have experienced to use this system to viewed his or her
medical record in hospital currently and this group purposely selected as the
accessible population for research. It is because the selected respondent has more
knowledge, experiences and skills about the Electronic Medical Record system
(EMRs). For instance, about twenty staffs of the Hospital Besar Melaka will be
selected for completing the questionnaires. The questionnaires given will be
helpful in order to get findings and for data analysis.

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4.5

INSTRUMENTS

(a) Interview Guide

Personal interview will be conducted between researchers and the
respondents such as the manager in IS/IT department of Hospital Besar Melaka.
This is a one-to-one meeting or conversation recorded between the researcher and
the respondents.

(b) Questionnaire
The questionnaire is the most common approach for collecting data.
Questionnaires will be distributed to staffs of the selected organization in order to
determine the research findings. All the feedback or response from the
questionnaires will be used to collect data analysis. Besides that, the questionnaire
also being distribute into the user of the Electronic Medical Record system
(EMRs) such as patient. The total number of respondents will be fifty people,
whereas twenty person from the staff of the hospital and the remaining covered by
the general user of the system

4.6

DATA COLLECTION

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Personal interviews will be suitable for this survey. The interviewers will help the
respondent to elicit a desired reply. The data collection procedure will include the
following 3 steps:

Interviewers will be recruited with one of the staff in IS/IT department in

Hospital Besar Melaka.

Training the interviewers.

-

To ensure they are familiar with the questionnaire.

To make sure the questionnaire were being correctly completed
To execute the correct length of time to complete the questionnaire.

Collecting questionnaires, checking the completeness and clarifying

unclear responses.

Prior to the interview session, a list of questions was prepared by the researchers.
Qualitative data collected from a group of people through discussion method and the
conversation is recorded.

4.7

DATA ANALYSIS AND PROCEDURES

Data analysis is the process of evaluating data using analytical and logical
reasoning to examine each component of the data provided. This form of analysis is just
one of the many steps that must be completed when conducting a research experiment.
Data from various sources is gathered, reviewed, and then analyzed to form some sort of
finding or conclusion. There are a variety of specific data analysis method, some of
which include data mining, text analytics, business intelligence, and data visualizations
After collecting data and studying the respondents, the tools of software named,
Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS will being used to analyze data. The suitable

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statistical treatment for each of the research question will be measured by using several
tests. Below are the lists of test that will be used to analyze the data collect..

Arithmetic Means and Standard Deviations to answer the study questions.

The T-test and the ANOVA table were used to measure the impact of the user
acceptance towards the system being used.

Simple Linear and Multiple Regression analysis with (F) test.

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CHAPTER FOUR:
CONCLUSION

5.1

CONCLUSION

In a nutshell, the implementation of EMRs system has been seen as a successful

indicator to managing records especially in medical record environment. Where the
system is used, patient data are more legible, less likely to be lost, and may be more
accurate. The group of doctors and patients alike benefits from improved communication
between pharmacies and clinics. The patients benefit from faster processing of paid
medical leave days while the hospital systems show room for improvement in ease of
use, coverage and interoperability, the experience in hospital provides valuable
information to the development of new system. The EMR system wills benefits to all
users if it succeeds in extending coverage to all hospitals.
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Furthermore, a good level of acceptance and awareness towards the system do not
guarantee success or failure of EMR system implementation. Thus, the hospital needs to
be aware of the resistance that might occur especially during the early phase of EMR
system adoption. The other advantages of using this EMR system towards the group of
patients are, they would being better informed about their own health care and
medication, being able to identify and correct errors and omissions and being reminded of
appointments and screening.
An EMR system can serves as the primary source of information for patients,
administration activities and others with the aid of information technology, thereby
providing meaningful information and contributing to the knowledge of authorized users
for legitimate uses. Electronic Medical Record system (EMRs) can remedy the inherent
flaws of the conventional paper system through improvements in accessibility, cost
savings, quality of data capture and efficiency.

6.0

REFERENCES

Haslina, M., Mastura, S. S., Fauziah, B., Norida, M. D., & Laily, H. N. (2009). Factors
influencing doctors satisfaction of electronic medical records: a survey in Malaysian public
hospitals. Journal of electronic medical record, 3, 375-378. Retrieved from
http://www.kmice.cms.net.my/ProcKMICe/KMICe2010/Paper/PG375_378.pdf

Humpage, S. D. (2010). Benefits and costs of electronic medical records. Inter-American

development bank, 1, 38. Retrieved from
http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2011/08557.pdf
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Mohd fadhil, N. F., Jusop, M., & Abdullah, A. A. (2012). Hospital information system (HIS)
implementation in a public hospital: a case study from Malaysia. Far east journal of
psychology and business, 8(3), 1-11. Retrieved from
http://www.fareastjournals.com/files/FEJPBV8N3P1.pdf

Mohd, H., & Syed mohamad, S. M. (2005). Acceptance model of electronic medical
record.Journal of advancing information and management studies, 2(1), 75-92. Retrieved
from http://www.iadb.org/intal/intalcdi/PE/2011/08557.pdf

Nik ariffin, N. A., Yunus, A. M., & Embi, Z. C. (2008). Improving electronic medical records
(EMRs) practices through a clinical mircosystem in the Malaysian government
hospitals.Communication of the IBIMA, 5, 51-64. Retrieved from
http://www.ibimapublishing.com/journals/CIBIMA/volume5/v5n8.pdf

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