y de Suboficiales
de la Guardia Civil
bedabeda-Baeza (Jan).
Curso 2014/2015
DIBUJO DE JOS MARA BUENO CARRERA. LA GUARDIA CIVIL (ED. ALDABA MILITARIA)
36 Promocin de acceso
a la Escala de Suboficiales
ingls iIiI
MINISTERIO
DEL INTERIOR
GUARDIA CIVIL
Jefatura de Enseanza
APPENDIX I
Joan works as a vet in London and lives with her son George, aged 9.
6.30 I get up and I make Georges sandwiches. Then I do some housework. Then I wake up George and make his breakfast.
Im always in a hurry and I dont have time for breakfast at home.
8.00 We walk to school because the bus is expensive. Then I walk six miles to work.
9.00 I have a sandwich for breakfast in the canteen, and then I star work. I like my job but I dont earn much money.
17.00 I finish work and I go to pick up George at 17.30. We go shopping.
18.30 I cook dinner and help George with his homework. After dinner I do more housework or answer e-mails until 21.00. I dont
go out in the evening because a babysitter is very expensive.
21.00 George goes to bed and I read him a story. Then I go to bed Im really tired!
READING COMPRENHENSION
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
c. A vet
d. A journalist
What does she do at 9.00?
a. She has a sandwich for breakfast.
b. She finishes work.
c. She cooks dinner.
d. She reads her son a story.
Jane does some housework
a. At 8.00.
b. At 6.30 and 18.30 after dinner.
c. At 21.00 when George goes to bed.
d. At 17.00.
SPEAKING ACTIVITY
- What do you usually do at the academy?
- What do you do at the weekend?
Maria thinks life in the city is more interesting than life in the country.
The people in the countryside aren't as open as the people in the city.
David says that the city is less dangerous than the country.
The country is quieter than the city.
The country is healthier than the city
Maria thinks the city is more fun than the country.
The city isn't as expensive as the country.
David thinks Maria is crazy for leaving the country.
Maria says she might move back to the country when she is married and has children.
1.
2.
3.
4.
David lives in
a. The town
b. A house
c. The country
d. The sea
David thinks that the city is
a. Dangerous
b. Relaxed
c. Slower
d. Cheaper
Maria prefers
a. The relax of the country.
b. The friendly people of the country.
c. The crazy life of the town.
d. The dangerous atmosphere of the city.
Maria will move back to the country when
a. She finds a job
5.
6.
b. She is married
c. She is stressed
d. She needs food
Maria thinks
a. That the country is more relaxed.
b. She will move back to the country when
shes married and have children.
c. David is crazy for moving to the city.
d. The city is not busier than the country.
Choose the right sentence.
a. Maria will move back to the country when
shes married and has children.
b. David says the country is more
expensive than the country.
c. People are more friendly in the country.
d. The city is cleaner and healthier than the
country.
a.
True
a.
True
b.
False
b.
False
c.
Doesnt say
c.
Doesnt say
True
b.
False
c.
Doesnt say
True
b.
False
c.
Doesnt say
True
b.
False
c.
Doesnt say
A NORMAL DAY
Rob is a bank manager and Jessica is a doctor in a large hospital. Rob gets up at 7:30 am and has a shower. He
leaves home at 8:30 and goes to work by train. He arrives at the bank at 9:00.
Jessica gets up at 9:30 because she doesnt start work until 1:00 in the afternoon. She catches the bus to the
hospital at 12:15 h
Rob finishes work at 5:30 pm and goes shopping in a supermarket near the bank. Then he goes home and cooks the
dinner. He eats alone in the kitchen at 7:00 and then he usually watches TV in the living room until Jessica arrives
home at 10:00. She often has her dinner in front of the television. Rob goes to bed at 11:00, but Jessica usually goes
to bed a bit later.
TIME TO TWITTER
Every year there is a new internet phenomenon: email, Google, Messenger, Wikipedia, YouTube, Myspace
and Facebook. The latest sensation is Twitter. It is very popular in the United States, Britain and Japan.
Twitter is a social networking system like MySpace and Facebook. The difference is that you write messages with a
maximum of 140 characters. In your message you answer one simple question: What are you doing now?
Twitter is popular with normal people, but it is also popular with celebrities who use it as a blog. Barack Obama,
John McCain, Gordon Brown and Britney Spears all like Twitter. The simple format makes Twitter easy to use from a
mobile phone.
A twitter message is called a tweet. Tweet is literally the sound of a small bird: the symbol on the twitter website is a
bird on a tree. The word twitter also refers to the sound of birds singing.
Twitter is the new digital activity and it is replacing chat as the most important form of communication. Will Twitter
replace Facebook? Who knows. According to the British newspaper The Financial Times, last year Facebook offered
to buy Twitter for $500 million. Twitter said no.
Are theses sentences true or false? Correct those that are false:
1. Find in the text a word with the following definition: a group of connected pages on the World Wide Web
containing information on a particular subject.
a. website
b. messages
c. tweet
d. bird
2. Find in the text an opposite for analog.
a. symbol
b. digital
c. system
d. tree
Shopping centres
centres
People in the western world spend a lot of time in shopping centres.
Shopping centres are consumer paradises. They are climate-controlled, with wide arcades, fountains, plants and
escalators.
Every type of shop can be found and, for the hungry shoppers who often drive long distances, fast-food shops are
available. Even exquisite restaurants have opened in shopping centres.
Of course, no shopping centre today is complete without a cinema, showing several films simultaneously. Cinemas at
shopping centres were initially to keep youngsters busy while their parents went shopping. In the past, some
shopping centres did no show adult films for this reason.
Gradually, the shopping centre became the place for family meetings, with or without shopping. Families go there just
to spend time together away from home.
1. Questions
a. What type of activities can you do in a shopping centre?
2. True or False?
a. Shopping centres have become a social place, unrelated to shopping. b. A shopping centre is
useable in all weathers.
c. You can only see childrens films in a shopping centre.
d. You can only eat fast food in a shopping centre.
3. Vocabulary
a. Give an opposite for past (line 8): ____________________
b. Find in the text a synonym for young person: _________________
c. Write a word from the text which matches the following definition: very
elegant or expensive. ________________________
4. Speaking
a. Do you like spending time at shopping centres? Why?
b. Shopping centres are bad because they make people consume too much and spend too much money
buying unnecessary things.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
THE EURO
The European Union is not quite the same since the 1st of January 2002, when the new currency, the euro,
came into use in most European countries. Now, for example, an Italian can buy a coffee in Paris with a euro
coin that has a picture of a harp in it.
The design of the notes are the same in every country. They show bridges and buildings or just windows
and doorways on them, but these structures do not represent any existing monuments. All of these pictures
were invented by artists to avoid problems between nations if they showed real ones.
The windows and doorways symbolize a united European community and the bridges are symbolic of
communication and the rest of the world. A circle of stars can also be seen on the notes. These stars
represent the number of member states in the union.
CHOOSE THE RIGHT ANSWER
1. The euro came into use ...
a) in all the European countries since the 1st of January 2002
b) in almost all the European countries since the 1st of January 2001
c) in most European countries since the 1st of January 2002
d) in most European countries until the 1st of January 2002
2. A euro coin has a picture of
a) a cup of coffee in it
b) a harp in it
c) a monument in it
d) buildings and bridges
3. The design of the notes
a) were invented by artists to avoid problems
b) are different in every country
c) has a harp in it
d) werent invented by artists to avoid problems
4. A united European community is symbolized by
a) bridges
b) a circle of stars
c) doorways
d) the windows and doorways
5. A circle of stars...
a) cant be seen on the notes
b) can be seen on the coins
c) can be seen on the notes
d) symbolizes a united European community
THE LIBRARIAN
A young man hurried into his town library. He went up to one of the old librarians and said to her eagerly, Do
you remember that you persuaded me to borrow a book about Greek history a week ago?
Yes, thats right, answered the librarian.
Do you remember the name of the book? the young man asked.
The librarian felt very proud, because she was always trying to get young people to take out books about Greek
history, and she rarely found one who was willing to accept her suggestions.
Yes, she answered. Do you want to take it out again? Did you think that it was interesting?
No, of course not, said the young man, but when I was taking it home, I met a girl on the bus, and I wrote
her telephone number in the book. I want to telephone her, so please may I look at the book again?
1. Answer the following questions using your own words.
a. What had the librarian done a week before the story?
b. Who were rarely willing to read the books she suggested?
2. Are the following statements True or False?
a. The book the young man borrowed was written in Greek: _______________
b. The man liked this book very much: _______________
3. Find a word or expression in the text which, in context, is similar in meaning to:
a. Came near: _______________
b. Induced: _______________
b. an old man.
c. a woman.
2. The librarian
a. convinced the man to take a book about history.
b. dissuaded the man to take a book about history.
c. convinced the man to take a book .
3. According to the librarian
a. only a few people were interested in this topic.
b. many people were interested in this topic.
c. nearly no one was interested in this topic.
4. The young man used the book
a. to find a girlfriend.
c. to write a number.
5. Composition (100-150): How much do you read? If so, what kind of books do you like?
10
11
The UN Building
The United Nations building is located in east Manhattan, New York. This area is an international zone, with its own security
force, fire department and post service.
The UN headquarters consists of four main buildings. The fourth building the Dag Hammarskjold Library was added in
1961 at the southwest corner and is used by UN staff, delegations from member states and members of various missions. The
General Assembly Hall is the largest room at HQ. More than 1,800 people can sit inside to discuss international problems and
work for peace and treaties between nations.
On the eastern side of the main entrance, there is a beautiful blue window, designed by Marc Chagall. Visitors can also see
the Japanese Peace Bell inside its typical Japanese house made of wood. This was given to the UN by Japan in 1954 and is
made from coins collected by children from 60 different countries.
Outside, you can see the flags of many different colours one for each member state. They are placed in alphabetical order
(in English!). So the first flag is Afghanistan and the last one represents Zimbabwe.
1.-The UN building is located
a) east of Manhattan .
b) on the east side of Manhattan.
c) in four buildings.
d) inside the Dag Hammarskjold Library.
2. - The UN library can be used by
a) all visitors.
b) tourists.
c) UN staff only.
d) only certain people, including UN staff.
3. - Marc Chagalls window is
a) opposite the east entrance.
b) next to the Japanese Bell.
c) in the southwest corner.
d) on one side of the main entrance.
4. - The Japanese Peace Bell
a) is made of wood.
b) was made by children.
c) is made from coins.
d) was made by 60 different countries.
5. - Which country has its flag at the UN nearest to the one from Afghanistan?
a) India.
b) USA.
c) Pakistan.
d) Argentina.
12
Going shopping
Mrs Smith is going shopping with her son. They are looking for a present for Mr Smith's birthday. Mrs Smith wants to buy him a new
camera and Tom wants to buy him a jumper.
They drive to the department store on the high street. Mrs Smith uses the escalator to go to the Electrical Department on the third
floor and Tom takes the stairs up to the Men's Clothing Department on the first floor.
When she gets to the Electrical Department she finds that cameras are sold in the Photography Department on the ground floor.
She takes the elevator down and asks the sales assistant there for some help. She doesn't know much about cameras and needs
some advice. He recommends an automatic camera by Olympus, but it is too expensive. She asks him if he has anything a little
cheaper and he tells her about a special offer on the Pentax range. It still seems expensive so she thanks the assistant and decides
to shop around first.
Meanwhile, Tom is looking at the jumpers. He only has 10 to spend so he can't afford most of them. He sees his mother and they
decide to go to the smaller shops round the corner.
1.
13
this afternoon
yesterday afternoon
yesterday morning
true
false
doesn't say
14
THE CLERK
A young lady who was on holiday in Brighton went into a bank to collect some money which had
been sent there for her from the town in which she lived.
The clerk in the Brighton bank did not know her, so he said What proof have you got that you are
really the lady who should collect this money?
The young lady looked worried for a few moments and said, I dont think Ive brought any proof
with me, but then she suddenly looked happy again. She opened her bag, took a photograph of herself out of
it and showed it to the clerk. Heres something, she said.
The clerk looked at the photograph carefully and then looked at the young lady.
Yes, thats you, he said, and paid the money to her without any more trouble.
1. Answer the following questions using your own words.
a. Where did the young lady have to collect her money from?
b. Why did the bank clerk want her to show proof that she was the one whom the money was for?
b. an intelligent man.
c. a silly man.
5. Composition (100-150 words). Can a beautiful person get all that he/she wants?
15
APPENDIX II
16
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
17
A Thief Regrets
I made a mistake!
Pan Aiying is a teacher in Shandong, China. One evening she is cycling home from work. Suddenly a thief on a motorbike pulls
alongside her. He grabs Pam's handbag and speeds away.
Pan is very upset. Inside the bag is a mobile phone and around 4,900 Yuan ($600 US). It's the money to pay her rent
When she tries calling her phone there's no answer. So Pan sends a text message.
You can keep the money if you really need it, she writes, but please return the other things to me. We all make mistakes.
No Reply
That message receives no reply. Nor do the other 20 messages Pan sends to her phone. I wont see my bag again,
she thinks sadly.
Three days later Pan has a happy surprise. She returns home from work to find her handbag outside the front door of
her home. Its all here! she cries. My money, my phone everything! Inside the bag theres also a letter. Its from the thief:
Dear Pan
Im very sorry for stealing your bag. Please forgive me.
I read your messages and they made me rethink my life. Even though I did you harm, you still tried to help me.
I made a mistake but I want to change. I want to become a good person like you
True or false?
-
1.
18
19
A) Answer the following questions according to the information given in the text. Use your own words:
B) Are these statements true or false? Justify your answers with words or phrases from the text:
C) Find in the text the word which has the following definition:
a plan for work or activity of any kind (noun)
D) Find in the text one opposite for friendly (adjective):
E) Speaking:
20
b. Which changes did the authorities make so that the Carnival was safe?
Residential area
Steward
Paraded
Sound system
Pick-pocketing
4. Speaking
a. Do you like being in crowded places like a Carnival or a procession?
b. Knowing different cultural traditions enriches our own culture. What is your
opinion?
21
Edinburgh
Edinburgh is the capital of Scotland and its second largest city, after Glasgow. Edinburgh is 45 miles away from Glasgow, 15
from Livingston and 100 miles from Carlisle and Aberdeen.
It is in the south-east of Scotland, on the east coast of Scotland's "Central Belt", on the south shore of the Firth of Forth, on the
North Sea and, because of its rugged setting and vast collection of Medieval and Georgian architecture including numerous
stone tenements, it is one of the most dramatic cities in Europe.
It forms the City of Edinburgh council area; the city council area includes urban Edinburgh and a 30sq mile rural area.
It has been the capital of Scotland since 1437 (replacing Scone) and is the seat of the Scottish Parliament. The city was one of
the major centres of the Enlightenment, led by the University of Edinburgh, gaining the nickname Athens of the North. The Old
Town and New Town districts of Edinburgh were listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. There are over 4,500 listed
buildings within the city. In the census of 2001, Edinburgh had a total resident population of 448,624.
Edinburgh is well-known for the annual Edinburgh Festival, a collection of official and independent festivals held annually over
about four weeks from early August. The number of visitors attracted to Edinburgh for the Festival, is roughly equal to the
settled population of the city. The most famous of these events are the Edinburgh Fringe (the largest performing arts festival in
the world), the Edinburgh International Festival, the Edinburgh Military Tattoo, and the Edinburgh International Film Festival.
Other notable events include the Hogmanay street party (31 December), Burns Night (25 January), St. Andrew's Day
(November 30), and the Beltane celebrations (30 April).
The city is one of Europe's major tourist destinations, attracting roughly 13 million visitors a year, and is the second most visited
tourist destination in the United Kingdom, after London.
1. Glasgow is 45km away from Edinburgh.
True.
True.
False.
False.
We don't know.
We don't know.
22
T
T
T
F
F
F
23
CROSSROADS
As one approaches some crossroads, one comes to a sign which says that drivers have to stop when they come
to the main road ahead. At other crossroads, drivers have to go slow, but they do not actually have to stop (unless, of
course, there is something coming along the main road); and at still others, they do not have either to stop or to go slow,
because they are themselves on the main road.
Mr. Williams, who was always a very careful driver, was driving home from work one evening when he came to a
crossroads. It had a Slow sign, so he slowed down when he came to the main road, looked both ways to see that
nothing was coming, and then drove across without stopping completely.
At once he heard a police whistle, so he pulled in to the side of the road and stopped. A policeman walked over to
him with a notebook and pencil in his hand and said, You didnt stop at the crossing.
But the sign there doesnt say Stop, answered Mr Williams. It just says Slow, and I did go slow.
The policeman looked around him, and a look of surprise came over his face. Then he put his notebook and
pencil away, scratched his head and said, Well, Ill be blowed I am in the wrong street!
1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text.
a. When do you have to stop when you reach a crossroads?
2. Ate the following statements True or False? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by copying
the exact passage.
a. Stop signs can be found at every crossroads:
24
3. Find a synonym for each of the four words from the six options.
CROSSROADS
AHEAD
SLOW DOWN
WHISTLE
NOTEBOOK
a. Reduce speed:
b: In front:
SCRATCH
5. Composition (130-150 words): Will you get a driving licence when you turn eighteen?
25
THE HUNTER
A certain hunter had found a piece of forest where there were plenty of animals to hunt. The only trouble was that the place
was very difficult to get to.
He returned from his first visit to the place in late autumn, and could not get back until the snows melted in the following spring.
Then he went to the pilot of a small plane, who earned his living by carrying hunters over parts of the country where there were
no roads and no railways, and asked him to take him back to his favourite piece of forest.
The pilot did not know the place, so the hunter showed it to him on the map. But there is nowhere to land there, man! said the
pilot. I have flown over that part of the country on my way to other places, and I know that we cant land anywhere between this
river and these mountains.
I thought you were a wonderful pilot, said the hunter. Some of my friends said you could land a plane on a postage stamp.
Thats right, answered the pilot. I can land a plane where nobody else can. But I tell you there is nowhere to land in the place
you are talking about.
And what if I tell you that another pilot did land me there last spring? said the hunter.
Is that true? asked the pilot.
Yes, it is. I swear it.
Well, this pilot could not let himself be beaten by another, so he agreed to take the hunter.
When they reached the place, the hunter pointed out a small spot without trees in the middle of the forest, with a steep rise at
one end. The pilot thought that there was not enough room to land there, but the hunter said that the other pilot had done so the
year before, so down went the plane. When it came to the rise, it turned right over onto its back. As the hunter climbed out, he
smiled happily and said, Yes, that is exactly how the other pilot managed it last time.
1. The pilot did not want to take the hunter to his hunting place because...
a. he did not know where it was.
b. he was not a good pilot.
c. he knew there was not enough place to land the plane.
2. The hunter hired a pilot because...
a. the place was isolated.
b. the place could be reached faster by plane.
c. the hunter did not like cars.
3. The pilot landed the plane...
a. because he found a good place to do so.
b. but he had an accident when he did so.
c. although he nearly crashed the plane.
4. Choose the correct sentence:
a. The pilot crashed the plane.
b. The pilot landed without a problem.
c. The pilot landed in spite of the lack of room there.
5. How does the pilot earn his living?
a. By taking hunters to remote places.
b. By taking hunters to places where there are roads and railways.
c. By taking people to lakes and mountains.
6. Composition (80-100 words): What is your opinion about hunting?
26
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
a)
b)
c)
d)
2.-
3.-
4.-
5.-
27
Friendship
Quotes about friendship:
Friendship is one mind in two bodies.
Your friend is the man who knows all about you, and still likes you.
A real friend is one who walks in when the rest of the world walks out.
Some friends come into our lives for just a short time. Others come and stay forever. Think about your closest friends. How long have you
known each other? Some people say that their spouse or family member is their best friend. Others say they have known their closest
friends for many years. And some great friends haven't known each other all that long, but knew right away that there was a connection, or
bond, between them. Could it be that there is a twin spirit out there for each of us?
What turns a stranger or acquaintance into a friend? Do you know right away if you are going to like someone? Some people think that any
stranger can become a friend if they spend enough time together. That may be true for some people. But one thing most of us agree on is
that true friendships seem to happen when people have something in common. Perhaps we see a part of ourselves in our friends. Maybe
seeing the good in them helps us to see the good in us as well.
1. Your husband or wife cannot be your best friend.
True
False
2. Many friends feel a connection when they first meet.
True
False
3. Every person definitely has a twin spirit.
True
False
4. A stranger is the same as an acquaintance.
True
False
5. A stranger is the same as a friend.
True
False
6. Most friends have similar likes and dislikes.
True
False
Vocabulary activity
1. spouse
2. bond
3. twin spirit
4. stranger
5. acquaintance
6. right away
7. in common
a) immediately
b) connection, something that makes two things stick together
c) things that you like or dislike are the same
d) someone you don't know at all
e) someone you don't know very well
f) husband or wife
g) someone very similar to you
28
Accomodation
My first order of business when I moved to New York was to find accommodation. I needed to find a place to rent as soon as
possible. My first choice was to get an apartment. Unfortunately, I quickly found out that the only area I could afford was an
hour's subway ride from downtown. I then decided to look for a studio in a neighborhood closer to work. I spoke with a number
of landlords, but wasn't able to find anything. Then, I decided to go to a real estate agent for help. The agent was very helpful,
but the fee was a full month's rent! I agreed and the agent showed me a few places. The first was in the basement and had very
bad lighting. The next place was a furnished studio that was very cluttered. The last place was on a quiet block with parking in
the back. I signed the lease immediately.
It's important to get your _____ settled immediately when you arrive in a new town.
1. Studio
2. accomodation
3. landlord
_____ are generally more expensive than studios to rent.
1. Apartments
2. Rooms
3. Accommodation
If you work _____, it's best to get a place that's not too far away.
1. at home
2. downtown
3. outdoors
Make sure you can _____ an apartment before you sign the lease.
1. Permit
2. Allow
3. afford
If you are looking for nightlife, don't live in the _____.
1. Downtown
2. Suburbs
3. studio
Make sure to get to know your _____ in the city as quickly as possible.
1. Neighborhood
2. Local
3. region
My friend Jack tries to avoid the _____ at the end of each month!
1. Landmaster
2. Landlord
3. renter
If you can't find a place on your own, you'll have to go to a _____ agent.
1. Home
2. real estate
3. showing
Unfortunately, agents' _____ can be very high in this city.
1. Tickets
2. Fees
3. fares
29
Officers
Before the last war, officers in the navy had a lot more freedom when their ship was in port than they have
nowadays. They were expected to lead a busy social life, and to take an active part in sport ashore. It was therefore
rather difficult for them to find time to do all their other duties.
Usually, all the officers in a ship used to have a regular meeting together once a week to receive orders from
their captain, make reports and discuss any business that had to be discussed, such as who should represent the ship in
the next football match.
One such meeting was being held on board a ship one day, and after the regular business had been
completed, the time came to discuss the date of the next meeting. Friday of the next week was suggested, and so was
Monday of the week after, but both of them interfered with somebodys arrangements for the weekend, and in the end
it was generally agreed that the meeting should be held on Wednesday, as this would be the least likely day to interfere
with anybodys convenience, since it was right in the middle of the week.
As the officers were leaving, however, one of them was heard to say, Wednesday is the worst day, because it
interferes with two weekends!
1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text.
a. What happened before the war when a ship was in a port?
3. Are the following statements True or False? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by copying
the exact passage.
a. The officers did not have time to do all their tasks:
b. The officers received orders from the lieutenant when they had a meeting:
4. Find a synonym for each of the four words below from these six options.
NOWADAYS
LEAD
ASHORE
THEREFORE
REPORT
1. At present:
2. Plan:
4. Live:
ARRANGEMENT
30
31
32
APPENDIX III
33
Brotherly love?
Adidas and Puma have been two of the biggest names in sports shoe manufacturing for over half a century.
Since 1928 they have supplied shoes for Olympic athletes, World Cup-winning football heroes, Muhammad Ali, hip hop
stars and rock musicians famous all over the world. But the story of these two companies begins in one house in the town of
Herzogenaurach, Germany.
Adolph and Rudolph Dassler were the sons of a shoemaker. They loved sport but complained that they could never find
comfortable shoes to play in. Rudolph always said, You cannot play sports wearing shoes that youd walk around town with.
So they started making their own. In 1920 Adolph made the first pair of athletics shoes with spikes, produced on the Dasslers
kitchen table.
On 1st July 1924 they formed a shoe company, Dassler Brother Ltd. The company became successful and it provided the
shoes for Germanys athletes at the 1928 and 1932 Olympic Games.
But in 1948 the brothers argued. No one knows exactly what happened but family members have suggested that the
argument was about money or women. The result was that Adolph left the company. His nickname was Adi, and using this and
the first three letters of the family name, Dassler, he founded Adidas.
Rudolph relocated across the River Aurach and founded his own company too. At first he wanted to call it Ruda, but
eventually he called it Puma, after the wild cat. The famous Puma logo of the jumping cat has survived until now.
After the big split of 1948 Adolph and Rudolph never spoke to each other again and since then their companies have
been in competition. Both companies were for many years the market leaders, though Adidas has always been more successful
than Puma. In the 1970s new American companies Nike and Reebok arrived to rival them.
The terrible family argument should really be forgotten, but ever since it happened, over fifty years ago, the town has
been split into two. Even now, some Adidas employees and Puma employees dont talk to each other.
1.
2.
3.
In 1924
a.
b.
c.
d.
4.
5.
b.
c.
d.
True or false:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
b.
c.
d.
Adolph Dessler.
b.
Rudolph Dessler.
c.
River Aurach.
d.
Ruda Aurach.
6.
b.
c.
34
IS SEEING BELIEVING?
The popular expression, seeing is believing, means if we see something, we will usually believe its real. But can we always
believe what we see?
There are many ways our eyes can fool us, for example, optical illusions. Magicians rely on optical illusions for their tricks. We
know the tricks arent real, but even if we watched very carefully, the magician would manage to fool us.
And then there are mirages. Travellers lost in a desert are often victims of these. Tired and thirsty, they see trees and water in
the distance. But when they get closer, everything cruelly disappears. These travellers arent dreaming. If they took a
photograph of the mirage, it would appear in the picture too. So whats happening? A mirage occurs when one layer of air
meets another layer of air at a different temperature. The difference in temperature makes the light bend and creates a picture
of another place.
One of the most famous mirages in history occurred in1897 in Alaska. Explorers saw a city above a glacier. One person later
said, We could clearly see houses, streets and trees. Some people believe the explorers saw a picture of a city 2,000
kilometres away!
So, seeing isnt always believing. But isnt it amazing to see how our eyes can deceive us?
Questions:
What makes us see a mirage?
What two phenomena are examples of ways our eyes fool us?
Match A to B to complete the sentences.
B
A
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
An optical illusion
Travellers in the desert
A mirage
Photographs
Explorers in Alaska
1.
2.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
35
Amnesty International
Amnesty International is a world-wide volunteer organization founded entirely by subscriptions and donations. It is totally
independent of any government, political faction, ideology, economic interest or religious creed.
The organization works for the release of `Prisoners of Conscience'- men, women and children imprisoned anywhere for their
beliefs, colour, sex, ethnic origin, language or religion. It also seeks fair and immediate trial for all political prisoners detained
without charge, and opposes torture and the degrading treatment of prisoners. It is also against the death penalty for all types of
crime.
Amnesty works by collecting information. When it has proof that a person is a `Prisoner of Conscience, that person's case is
handed over to a local group. The local groups are ordinary individuals who believe in Amnesty's work. They send letters to
governments, embassies, leading newspapers and the prisoner's family and friends. They also collect signatures and raise
money to send medicine, food and clothing to the prisoners and their families. These volunteers use their freedom of speech to
win the same freedom for their adopted prisoner.
Paradoxically, Amnesty International is an organization that will only be satisfied when it has become redundant.
1. What are the aims of Amnesty International?
36
37
1. Answer the following questions according to the information given in the text. Use your own words:
2. Are these statements true or false? Justify your answers with the precise words or phrases from the text:
3. Find in the text the word which has the following definition:
To walk around without a particular destination (verb)
4. Give on opposite for BREAK (verb):
5. Find in the text one synonym for LITTER (noun):
38
HOLLYWOOD STARS
Hollywood invented the modern star. In the golden years of Hollywood, the film companies produced film after film
starring a particular actor or actress. The films were accompanied by huge publicity campaigns so that, regardless of
whether the star could act or not, he or she became famous overnight and a well-known name throughout the world. A
star in Hollywood meant an exceptional human being. The publicity people dreamed up an image for each star; they
exaggerated their good qualities and concealed anything unfavourable. Stars were marketed as being good looking,
heroic, happy, beautiful and rich people who enjoyed a luxurious lifestyle. People looked up to them and treated as gods.
People were fooled by publicity campaigns. These stars were not super humans. They were ordinary people like you and
me. Many of Hollywoods stars were average actor and actress. There was so much advertising for each movie that the
public were hypnotised and believe that these stars were in fact superior.
39
False.
We don't know.
False.
We don't know.
False.
We don't know.
5. The killer may have been a butcher.
True.
False.
We don't know.
40
ANTI
ANTISMOKING LAW IN SPAIN
The Junta de Andalucia has moved ahead and fined the Marbella restaurant El Asador de Guadalmina for defying the
new anti-smoking legislation.
The infraction has been declared to be 'very serious' meaning that the restaurant owner now faces a fine which would
range between 10,001 and 600,000 for failing to meet the General Health Law, and an additional fine from the local
Marbella Town Hall which would be for not adhering to the Anti-smoking Law and would range between 601 and 10,000 .
It comes after he was given official notice by the Junta some days ago to remove his posters and to stop smoking on the
premises. That notification gave him 15 days to comply.
The owner of the restaurant, Jos Eugenio Arias, has meanwhile denounced two local policemen who were identifying
smokers inside the establishment, and says he may create a members gastronomic society as a way of getting round the
law.
Meanwhile a restaurant owner in Valencia has joined the 'rebellion' against the new anti-smoking legislation and also
placed a poster saying that he has decided to allow smoking in his establishment.
Rodrigo Arroyo claims that customer numbers have been down by 60% since the no-smoking ban came into effect on
January 2. He is angry because he spent 35,000 two years ago on building reforms to create an area for smokers under
the previous regulations, which is now useless.
He joins the restaurant in Marbella, another in Castelln, and a bar in Cabra, Crdoba, in making a stand against the new
law.
Health Minister, Leire Pajn, has commented that the anti-tobacco law is being complied with, despite several 'rebel' bar
owners. She said the law has 'absolute social and political consensus'.
1. What has the Junta de Andalucia done?
a) It has denounced two local policemen.
b) It has fined a Marbella restaurant for carrying
out the new anti-smoking legislation.
c) It has rewarded a Marbella restaurant for
defying the new anti-smoking legislation.
d) It has fined a Marbella restaurant for defying
the new anti-smoking legislation.
2. The restaurant owner...
a) has adhered to the Anti-smoking law too late.
b) has removed his posters of its own accord.
c) faces a fine which would range between 1,001
and 60,000 for failing to meet the General Health
Law.
d) faces a fine for failing to meet the General
Health Law, and an additional fine from the local
Marbella Town Hall which would be for not
adhering to the Anti-smoking Law .
3. The owner, Jose Eugenio Arias...
a) has paid the fine.
b) says that this law has 'absolute social and
political consensus'.
41
Young soldiers
Some young soldiers who had recently joined the army were being trained in modern ways of fighting,
and one of the things they were shown was how an unarmed man could trick an armed enemy and take his weapon
away from him. First one of their two instructors took a knife away from the other, using only his bare hands; and then he
took a rifle away from him in the same way.
After the lesson, and before they went on to train the young soldiers to do these things themselves, the two
instructors asked them a number of questions to see how well they had understood what they had been shown. One of
the questions was this: Well, you now know what an unarmed man can do against a man with a rifle. Imagine that you
arte guarding a bridge at night, and that you have a rifle. Suddenly you see an unarmed enemy soldier coming towards
you. What will you do?
The young soldier who had to answer this question thought carefully for a few seconds before he
answered, and then said, Well, after what I have just seen, I think that the first thing I would do would be to get rid of
my rifle as quickly as I could so that the unarmed enemy couldnt take it from me and kill me with it!
QUESTIONS
1. Answer the following questions using your own words but taking into account the information in the text. (2
points)
a. What does the new fighting method consist of?
2. Are the following statements TRUE or FALSE? Identify the part of the text that supports your answer by
copying the exact words. (1.5 points)
a. An instructor showed a soldier how to beat another one:
b. The instructors asked the soldiers questions after they had practised on their own:
42
3. Find a synonym for each of the words below from the six options. (1 point)
TRICK
WEAPON
BARE
AGAINST
TOWARDS
TO GET RID OF
Cheat:
In opposition to:
43
SOUNDS
A few minutes ago, walking back from lunch, I started to cross the street when I heard the sound of a coin dropping. It wasn't
much but, as I turned, my eyes caught the heads of several other people turning too. A woman had dropped what appeared to
be a dime.
The tinkling sound of a coin dropping on pavement is an attention-getter. It can be nothing more than a penny. Whatever the
coin is, no one ignores the sound of it. It got me thinking about sounds again.
We are besieged by so many sounds that attract the most attention. People in New York City seldom turn to look when a fire
engine, a police car or an ambulance comes screaming along the street.
When I'm in New York, I'm a New Yorker. I don't turn either. Like the natives. I hardly hear a siren there.
At home in my little town in Connecticut, it's different. The distant wail of a police car, an emergency vehicle or a fire siren brings
me to my feet if I'm seated and brings me to the window if I'm in bed.
It's the quietest sounds that have most effect on us, not the loudest. In the middle of the night, I can hear a dripping tap a
hundred yards away through three closed doors. I've been hearing little creaking noises and sounds which my imagination turns
into footsteps in the middle of the night for twenty-five years in our house. How come I never hear those sounds in the daytime?
I'm quite clear in my mind what the good sounds are and what the bad sounds are.
I've turned against whistling, for instance. I used to think of it as the mark of a happy worker but lately I've been associating the
whistler with a nervous person making compulsive noises.
The tapping, tapping, tapping of my typewriter as the keys hit the paper is a lovely sound to me. I often like the sound of what I
write better than the looks of it.
1. The sound of a coin dropping makes people ...
A. think of money.
B. look at each other.
C. pay attention to it.
D. stop crossing the street.
2. People in New York ...
A. don't care about emergencies.
B. are used to sirens.
C. are attracted by sounds.
D. don't hear loud noises.
3. The writer ...
A. sleeps next to the window.
B. has lived in Connecticut for a long time
C. believes in ghosts.
D. is interested in fire engines.
44
GUCCI
Gucci is considered one of the most famous fashion brands in the world. The Gucci story started in 1921, when Guccio Gucci
opened a small leather-goods shop in Florence. In 1938, Gucci expanded and a boutique was opened in Rome. Gucci had five
sons and one daughter. After he died in 1953, his son Aldo, inventor of the famous GG logo, started the transformation of the
family business into a global brand, opening the companys first boutique in New York.
Money brought family problems with fights and arguments. Disputes about inheritances, stock holdings, and day-to-day
operations of the stores often divided the family. Aldo and his brother Rodolfo wanted to limit Gucci products to Gucci shops;
Aldos son Paolo decided otherwise, and soon the Gucci logo was on everything from headscarves to key rings. Gucci
remained one of the luxury goods establishments in the world until the late 1970s, but the family fights brought the company
almost to bankruptcy.
These days the Gucci brand stands for high-quality handbags, well-crafted shoes, elegant fashion, perfumes, and even
wallpaper. Gucci has long been recognized as a symbol of prestige and remains an important part of the fashion industry. With
both classic and new creations, Gucci can be enjoyed by both men and women.
1a)
b)
c)
d)
2a)
b)
c)
d)
3a)
b)
c)
d)
4a)
b)
c)
d)
5a)
b)
c)
d)
45
Fire in Colorado
Firefighters have had a hard time putting out a big fire near Boulder, Colorado.
It took firefighters a long time to control the fire. It was very windy. One firefighter said that the winds can blow the fire out of the
area very easily.
The fire destroyed 65 homes. During the worst part of the fire, people were asked to leave their homes. Police were worried that
the empty homes might be looted. They checked every car going in and out of the fire area.
One family returned to their home to find that only a small part of it had been hurt by the blaze. They felt very lucky to be able to
repair the damage. The fire had come so close to their house that the girl had to run out with only her teddy bear.
Another family lost only their outdoor toilet. Their cabin had no indoor plumbing so their outhouse was in the yard. They were
thankful their home was not burned down.
1. Their cabin had no indoor _____ so their outhouse was
in the yard.
a.
b.
c.
d.
doors
water
walls
plumbing -
d.
plumbing
b.
c.
4. With the homes empty, police were afraid that they might
be _____.
a.
b.
c.
d.
burned
looted flooded
dried
a.
b.
c.
d.
be put out.
be controlled.
burn itself out.
be blown out of the area. -
damage trees
outhouse
a.
b.
c.
d.
Policemen
Firemen Meter maids
Home owners
46
47
POLICE SITUATIONS
1. IDENTIFICATION
1. IDENTIFICACIN
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Im American.
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Citizen
Officer
Agente
48
2. GIVING DIRECTIONS
2. INDICAR DIRECCIONES
49
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
3. THE ARREST 1
3. LA DETENCIN 1
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Officer
Officer
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Agente
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Agente
Agente
Agente
LA DETENCIN 2
THE ARREST 2
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
50
4. NOTIFICATION OF RIGHTS
According to what is laid down in the article 520 of the
Spanish Criminal Procedure Law, we proceed to notify you
that you are under arrest for an alleged crime of ________,
as well as about the rights that you have, which basically
are:
4. LECTURA DE DERECHOS
Segn lo establecido en el artculo 520 de la Ley de
Enjuiciamiento Criminal, procedemos a notificarle que est
detenido por un presunto delito de ________, as como los
derechos que le asisten, que son:
-
51
5. REPORTING A CRIME
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
5. DENUNCIAR UN DELITO
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
Agente
Ciudadano
52
6. POLICE ROADBLOCK 1
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
6. CONTROL POLICIAL 1
Agente
53
POLICE ROADBLOCK 2
Officer
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Officer
Officer
Officer
CONTROL POLICIAL 2
Buenas noches. Por favor detenga el
vehculo en el arcn.
Agente
Pare el motor y ponga las llaves en el
salpicadero.
Agente
Es tan amable de darme su permiso de
conducir? Los ocupantes del vehculo
deben entregarme su documento de
identidad.
Ciudadano Siempre molestando a los mismos en
lugar de detener delincuentes.
Agente
Gracias. No se preocupe. Esperen un
momento.
Agente
Disculpen la espera. Baje del vehculo.
Ciudadano No quiero!
Agente
Por favor, baje del vehculo y no nos
obligue a utilizar la fuerza.
Ciudadano Siempre amenazando!
Agente
Lleva algn arma, cuchillo u objeto
peligroso?
Ciudadano Por supuesto que no.
Agente
Lleva alguna sustancia prohibida?
Ciudadano No.
Agente
Deposite los objetos encima del vehculo.
Agente
Y eso que lleva en el paquete de
tabaco?
Ciudadano No s lo que es, no es mo.
Agente
Parece droga. Y estas pastillas qu
son?
Ciudadano No tengo ni idea. Tampoco son mas.
Agente
Le informo que va a ser denunciado a la
Ley de Seguridad Ciudadana.
Agente
Le voy a cachear.
Agente
Colquese delante del vehculo, donde le
indique mi compaero.
Agente
Por favor, el acompaante del conductor
que baje del vehculo
Agente
54
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
Citizen
Officer
7. INFORMAR DE UN ACCIDENTE
Agente
Buenas tardes, Guardia Civil.
Ciudadano Buenas tardes, llamo para informar de un
accidente de trfico.
Agente
Puede decirme dnde ha ocurrido?
Ciudadano En el kilmetro 25 de la Carretera de La
Corua en direccin Madrid.
Agente
Puede describir lo que ha pasado?
Ciudadano Un coche que circulaba en direccin
contraria a gran velocidad salt por encima
de la mediana y colision con un camin.
Agente
Hay heridos?
Ciudadano El conductor del coche tiene heridas graves
y est atrapado en el coche. El conductor
del camin, sin embargo, est bien. Hay otro
vehculo involucrado, pero los daos son
mnimos.
Agente
Estn los vehculos obstaculizando la
circulacin?
Ciudadano S, los dos carriles sentido Madrid estn
cortados y hay muchos vehculos parados.
Agente
Ha llamado al servicio de emergencias?
Ciudadano S.
Agente
Est bien, ya hemos pasado aviso, en
breves instantes llegar personal de Trfico, el
equipo de bomberos est tambin de camino.
Puede decirme su nombre y su DNI?
Ciudadano S, Manuel Rodrguez Lpez, 41.567.123.
Agente Muchas gracias por su colaboracin.
55
Tourist
Officer
Tourist
Officer
Tourist
Officer
8. EN EL AEROPUERTO / ADUANA
Agente
Turista
Agente
Turista
Turista
Agente
Turista
Agente
Turista
Agente
Turista
Agente
Loudspeakers
Tourist
Officer
Megafona
Turista
Agente
--------Customs Officer
Tourist
Customs Officer
Tourist
Customs Officer
Tourist
Customs Officer
56
INDEX
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
IDENTIFICATION
GIVING DIRECTIONS
THE ARREST
NOTIFICATION OF RIGHTS
REPORTING A CRIME
POLICE ROADBLOCK
REPORTING A TRAFFIC ACCIDENT
AT THE AIRPORT / CUSTOMS
1. IDENTIFICACIN
2. INDICAR DIRECCIONES
3. LA DETENCIN
4. LECTURA DE DERECHOS
5. DENUNCIAR UN DELITO
6. CONTROL POLICIAL
7. INFORMAR DE UN ACCIDENTE
8. EN EL AEROPUERTO / ADUANA
57
58
APPENDIX IV
(Selected material from www.english-guide.org)
59
1. INTRODUCTIONS
1. What is Roberts surname?
a. Hill
b. Chartrand
c. Pellowe
d. Kurume
2. What is Bills surname?
a. Hill
b. Chartrand
c. Pellowe
d. Kurume
3. What does Robert do?
a. He is a teacher at the University.
b. He is a student at the University.
c. He is an engineer.
d. It doesnt say.
4. What does Bill do?
a. He is a teacher at the University.
b. He is a student at the University.
c. He is an engineer.
d. It doesnt say.
5. Choose the right sentence.
a. Bill studies at Kinki University and Robert studies at Kurume University.
b. Bill studies at Kurume University and Robert studies at Kinki University.
c. Bill teaches at Kinki University and Robert teaches at Kurume University.
d. Bill teaches at Kurume University and Robert teaches at Kinki University.
2. WHAT KIND OF SPORTS DO YOU LIKE?
1. Choose the right sentence.
a. Robert has some tickets to the Hawks game.
b. Bill has some tickets to the Hawks game.
c. Robert has some tickets to the Yankees game.
d. Bill has some tickets to the Yankees game.
2. Choose the right sentence.
a. Robert doesnt like baseball.
b. Robert likes baseball.
3. Does Robert like sports?
a. Yes, of course, he likes baseball.
b. Yes, of course, he likes soccer.
c. No, he doesnt like sports.
d. It isnt said.
4. According to Bill
a. Baseball is the worlds most popular sport.
b. Baseball is the most popular sport in the US.
c. Soccer is the most popular sport in Europe.
d. Soccer is the worlds most popular sport.
60
3. AFRICA
1. Choose the right option.
a. There are 43 countries in Africa and about 9 million people.
b. In Africa, there are 53 countries and about 900 million people.
c. There are 63 countries in Africa and about 90 million people.
d. There are 53 countries in Africa and about 90 million people.
2. In the North
a. it is tropical.
b. there are big plains.
c. there are deserts.
d. there is a desert called the Kalahari.
3. Africa is famous for wild animals
a. There are big herbivores such as giraffes, elephants and hippos.
b. There are big carnivores like lions and crocodiles.
c. A) and B) are true.
d. All the sentences are wrong.
4. There are a lot of natural resources in Africa
a. including oil and minerals, although it is also very poor. 380 million Africans are poor.
b. including gas and minerals, although it is also very poor. 3 million Africans are poor.
c. including minerals and petrol, although it is also very poor. 80 million Africans are poor.
d. including petrol, thats why it is so rich.
5. African language and culture
a. There are one thousand languages or more in Africa.
b. African culture is very rich.
c. African music is varied.
d. All the sentences are true.
4. PENLOPE CRUZ
1. Penelope Cruz
a. is in more than 14 films.
b. is in more than 40 films.
c. Vicky Christina Barcelona is one of her best films.
d. B) and C) are right.
2. Vicky Christina Barcelona
a. is about two young American women in Barcelona.
b. is directed by Woody Allen.
c. A) and B) are right.
d. is about two young American women in New York.
3. Penelopes family
a. her mothers name is Encarna and his fathers is Eduardo.
b. she has one brother and one sister.
c. her mother is a hairdresser and her father is a car mechanic.
d. all the sentences are true.
4. Some films with Penelope are
a. Captain Corellis Manolin.
b. No country for old men.
c. Mondays in the Sun.
d. Before Night Falls.
5. Javier Bardem
a. is in the film All the Pretty Horses.
b. is also an Oscar winner too.
c. is the son of a hairdresser and a car mechanic.
d. is in the film Belle Epoque.
61
5. FAMILY IN CANADA
1. In which city do they live?
a. In Sidney.
b. In Ottawa.
c. In London.
d. In Toronto.
2. Who lives there?
a. His two cousins.
b. His aunt and uncle.
c. His grandmother.
d. All the answers are correct.
3. How old is his grandmother?
a. She is 68.
b. She is 66.
c. She is 86.
d. She is 36.
4. What is she like?
a. She is very sensitive and friendly.
b. She is very talkative and friendly.
c. She is very sensible and proud.
d. She is very mean and selfish.
5. Choose the right sentence about Richards grandmother.
a. Her name is Jane and he usually goes once a year to see her.
b. Her name is Mary and he usually goes once a month to see her.
c. Her name is Mary and he usually goes once a year to see her.
d. Her name is Jane and he usually goes twice a year to see her.
62
63
9. MEXICAN FOOD
1. What is Diegos favourite food?
a. Pepper
b. tacos
c. chiles en nogada
d. fruit
2. Chiles
a. means pepper and is a traditional Mexican dish.
b. means fish
c. means fish with strawberries.
d. means cheese with onions.
3. Mexican flag
a. is blue and red.
b. is green, white and red.
c. is green
d. is blue, red and white.
4. Tacos
a. is like Mexican cheese.
b. is like Mexican fast food.
c. is like Mexican onions.
d. is like green sauce.
5. You can have tacos
a. only with cheese and onions.
b. with green pepper.
c. with cheese, with onions, with meat, with different sauces.
d. with tortillas.
64
65
66
67
68
20. JK ROWLING
1. JK Rowling
a. played Harry Potter films.
b. is the author of the books about Harry Potter.
c. played with Daniel Radcliffe.
d. none of the above.
2. At university
a. she studied Portuguese.
b. she was employed.
c. A) and B) are right.
d. she studied French and the classics.
3. The first Harry Potter book was prepared
a. in the university.
b. in Portugal.
c. in the Nicolsons Caf in Edinburgh.
d. in France.
4. Alice
a. was the daughter of the publisher who agreed to publish the book.
b. was one of Harry Potter characters.
c. was JKs daughter.
d. was sad and cried a lot.
5. How many books did she write?
a. 4
b. 5
c. 6
d. 7
69
70
71
72
TAPESCRIPTS
1. INTRODUCTIONS
Robert:
Bill:
Robert:
Bill:
Robert:
Bill:
Robert:
Robert, I have some tickets to the Hawks game. Do you want to go?
Not really, Bill. I don't like baseball.
Oh, do you like sports?
Yes, of course.
What kind of sports do you like?
I like soccer.
Well, that's the world's most popular sport.
3. AFRICA
There are 53 countries in Africa and about 900 million people. In the north, there are deserts and in the middle, where the
equator is, it is tropical. In the south, there are big plains and a desert called the Kalahari.
Africa is very famous for wild animals. There are very big herbivores such as giraffes, elephants and hippos and big
carnivores like lions and crocodiles. There are many national parks which are very popular with tourists.
There are a lot of natural resources in Africa including oil and minerals. Unfortunately, Africa is also very poor. Today, 380
million Africans are poor. Why?
There are one thousand languages or more in Africa so African culture is very rich. African music is very varied. One famous
musician is Ali Farke Tour from Mali. African dancing is wonderful and the clothes are beautiful and colourful.
Education and health care is very important for the future of Africa.
4. PENELOPE CRUZ
Penelope Cruz is a beautiful Spanish actress and Oscar winner. She is in more than 40 films and Vicky Christina Barcelona is
one of her best films. It is about two young American women in Barcelona and the director is Woody Allen from New York. It is a
brilliant film and is now available on DVD. Penelope Cruz is also a trained ballet dancer and is fluent in Spanish, French, Italian
and English. She is 1.63m tall. She is a vegetarian and her hobby is dominoes.
Penelopes family is from Alcobendas, near Madrid. Her mothers name is Encarna and she is a hairdresser. Her fathers
name is Eduardo and he is a car mechanic. Her brother is also called Eduardo and he is a singer. Her sister Monica is an
actress like Penelope and she is famous on TV in Spain.
More great films with Penelope Cruz are Captain Corellis Mandolin and All the Pretty Horses and in Spanish Belle Epoque
and All about my mother. Her next film is called Nine.
Penelopes friend is Javier Bardem and he is also a famous international film star. He is in the film Vicky Christina Barcelona
with Penelope and he is also an Oscar winner too. Javier is in more than 25 films. One of his best films is No country for old
men. His Oscar is for this film. He is 1.83m tall and his hobbies are painting and rugby.
Javier is the son of famous Spanish actress Pilar Bardem. His brother and sister are actors and his grandparents too. Other
great films with Javier are Before Night Falls, The sea inside and Mondays in the Sun.
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5. FAMILY IN CANADA
Richard:
Anna:
R:
A:
R:
A:
R:
A:
R:
A:
R:
A:
R:
A:
8. MEERKATS
Meerkats are small omnivorous mammals and they are from the mongoose family. They live in underground cities in
Botswana and South Africa. They live in groups of between twenty and fifty individuals. Each group has a king and a queen.
And adult meerkat weighs about three quarters of a kilo and is about 30cm long with a long tail. They have brown noses and
small ears which close when they dig tunnels. Their normal expression is friendly and thoughtful at the same time.
Meerkats mostly eat insects such as centipedes but also eat plants, eggs and snakes. Meerkats are friendly and very clever.
When the group hunts or plays, two meerkats watch for danger. They start barking when they see danger and all the meerkats
run into the tunnels. They have special cries which mean eagle and snake.
Meerkat parents teach their children how to eat scorpions and they sometimes have babysitters so they can go out. When the
young leave the tunnels for the first time, the whole group comes to celebrate the occasion.
There is now a famous TV series called Meerkat Manison. It is about the adventures of a real meerkat group in the Kalahari
Desert in Botswana. The show is very popular in Australia, the US and Britain and there are now three series to watch.
ACADEMIA DE GUARDIAS Y DE SUBOFICIALES DE LA GUARDIA CIVIL
BEDA-BAEZA
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9. MEXICAN FOOD
Rebecca:
So, Diego, I hear that Mexico has some really great food and that you love to cook. What's your
favourite food in Mexico?
Diego:
My favourite food in Mexico is chiles en nogada. Chiles means pepper and this is a very traditional
Mexican dish because our flag is green, white and red, so this plate, the peppers are green, and then
it has a white sauce on top of it and then it has a grain sort of fruit. It's a red fruit and it's representing
our flag so it's very... It's a very historical plate in Mexico. It's very famous.
Rebecca:
Oh, wow. I don't think we have anything like that in Australia. It'd be hard to get something that you'd
eat that's blue and red and white.
Diego:
Rebecca:
Diego:
Rebecca:
Diego:
Yeah.
Rebecca:
Diego:
Yeah, we eat them a lot. Tacos is like Mexican fast food, so there's a lot of tacos stands in Mexico,
and you can have them in all sorts of ways: with cheese, with onions, with meat, with different
sauces, like green sauce, hot sauce, red sauce. Yeah.
Rebecca:
Do the tortillas... do they stand up or are they round ones that always fall over when you go to eat
them?
Diego:
They're the round ones and they're also soft so they're not corn chips.
Rebecca:
Diego:
Yes.
Rebecca:
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Hi, Im Cora.
Im Antonio. Nice to meet you.
Same here. Are you from around here?
No, Im originally from Arkansas. How about you?
Im a native Californian, but I grew up in the Middle East. My parents were in the military, so we
moved quiet a bit, but mainly around the Middle East.
Thats really interesting. I spent some time in Jordan myself a few years ago doing research for my
company. But Ive lived in Los Angeles for over 10 years and consider it my adopted hometown.
Isnt that funny? Even though I was born here, I only moved back here two months ago. Im sure you
know the city much better than I do.
Id be happy to show you around, to help you get reacquainted with LA.
I was only eight years old when my family moved away, so I have a lot of catching up to do.
Lets start next weekend. Ill show you some of the places where the locals like to hang out.
That sounds great. Is this how all Angelinos treat newcomers?
Absolutely! Im the citys one-man welcome wagon.
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Is my car ready?
Im finished with your oil change and I replaced the oil filter. Ive also replaced the wiper blades in
your windshield wipers. But Ive had a good look under your hood, and your car needs a lot of work.
Really?
Yes, you have some serious problems. I bet your engine is running really rough. Your transmission is
leaking, your shocks need to be replaced, and you need new brake pads. Your battery is very low
and it should be replaced, too.
I cant believe it.
Its true. Your tires need to be rotated, too, and I also suggest getting a wheel alignment.
Well, this is all a big surprise, especially since I just bought this used car a couple of months ago.
You did? Well, you got ripped off. Whoever sold you this car is a crook. Where did you buy it?
I bought it here! I bought this from the owner of this garage. He said that it was in tip-top shape!
Kenji:
Officer:
Kenji:
25. SMARTPHONES
Hitomi:
Jason:
Hitomi:
Jason:
Hitomi:
Jason:
Hitomi:
Jason:
Hitomi:
Jason:
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Another South American freshwater dolphin is the River Plate dolphin. The estuary of this river is between Argentina and
Uruguay and it is the widest estuary in the world. These dolphins are smaller than the Amazon dolphins. However, their noses
are longer.
Lets go to the Mekong.
The Mekong river flows from Laos to Cambodia. It is the tenth longest river on the planet and has one of the richest
biodiversities. This means the number of different plants and animals living in one area. Very sadly, there are only 50 Mekong
dolphins alive. They are dying because of pollution from goldmines and because politicians are not doing anything to help.
Lets go to the Indus River
Special dolphins also live in the Indus River, which is the longest river in Pakistan and the 21st longest river in the world.
Similar dolphins live in the Ganges, which is the 39th longest river in the world. Both these dolphins need help from politicians to
save them from pollution.
Lets go to China.
The Yangtze River is the third longest river in the world but it is very polluted. All the beautiful Yangtze River Dolphins are now
dead. This is very sad for future generations of Chinese people who will never see their Yangtze dolphin.
Lets go to Peru.
There is some better news. In the Amazon, the Peruvian Forest Police help the pink dolphins. They stop logging, that means
cutting down trees, and they stop commercial fishing. There are now more dolphins in Yarapa than 20 years ago. It is very
important for Brazil to do the same.
And lets go to Thailand
to Songhkla Lake. Here the Thai Marine and Coastal Resources Department protect the dolphins living in the lake.
Songhkla Lake is the largest natural lake in Thailand.
The politicians in Brazil, Cambodia, India, Laos and Pakistan must do more to protect their beautiful freshwater dolphins.
27. SAVE THE PLANET
GIY stands for grow if yourself and is about a new fashion for growing your own food.
There are a lot of reasons why growing your own food is a good idea. GIY cuts down your carbon footprint. Your carbon
footprint is the quantity of carbon dioxide gas, or CO2 you make go into the atmosphere. Too much CO2 causes global warming
and climate change. Food in supermarkets travels a long way in ships and lorries which produce a lot of CO2. When you buy
food from a supermarket, you need to ask, how many food miles does it have?
Also, buying vegetables grown in heated greenhouses increase your carbon footprint a lot. If you buy as much food as you
can in season from your region, you help save the planet. If you grow as many vegetables as you can at home, then you are
helping a lot more because you use a lot less water.
Vegetables you grow yourself are also good for your body because they contain a lot more minerals, nutrients and
antioxidants than supermarket vegetables and they dont contain any chemicals such as fungicides, insecticides or chemical
fertilizers either. Your vegetables are also the freshest and the tastiest you can get. If you GIY, you learn a lot about plants and
farming and it can be very useful for teaching children about nature and where food comes from too.
How much money can you save? To begin with, seeds are a lot cheaper to buy than vegetables. Then, there are two ways to
save even more. Firstly, plant the most expensive vegetables such as leeks. Secondly, plant the most productive. One
courgette plant produces so many courgettes that you can give a lot of them to friends and neighbours, which makes you very
popular. Cucumbers, green beans, peas, raspberries, strawberries and of course tomatoes are great too and they are all very
easy to grow. Herbs are expensive to buy so you can never grow too much basil, mint, parsely, rosemary or thyme. Experts say
it is best to buy cheap vegetables like onions and potatoes directly from local farmers.
Dont worry if you dont have much space. To GIY, you dont even need a garden. You can use pots on your balcony for
growing aubergines, broad beans, peppers and tomatoes. Whats more, dont worry if your space doesnt get much sun. In that
case you can plant endives, lettuce, peas, radicchio and spinach.
Basically, growing your own vegetables is a win-win situation. Your are richer, you have a healthier planet, a healthier social
life and a healthier boy and mind.
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APPENDIX V
(Selected material from www.english-guide.org)
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5.The deposit is
a. $400
b. $40
c. $14
d. $60
6. How close is the apartment to the university campus?
a. Its about nine blocks from campus.
b. Its about three blocks from campus.
c. Its about eight blocks from campus.
d. Its about six blocks from campus.
7. Are there parking spaces for tenants?
a. The apartment has two covered parking
spaces.
b. No, there arent any parking spaces.
c. The apartment has one covered parking space.
d. The apartment has three covered parking
spaces.
8. Are pets allowed?
a. Only small pets like a hamster.
b. Yes, they allow dogs.
c. Yes, they allow cats or snakes.
d. B) and C) are right.
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30. TOBACCO
1. Tobacco smoke
a. contains about 400 chemicals, some of which
are harmful.
b. contains about 4,000 chemicals, some of which
are harmful, others deadly.
c. contains about 4,000 chemicals, all of them are
deadly.
d. contains about 400 chemicals, all of them are
harmful.
2. Some of the deadliest chemicals are:
a. Tar
b. Nicotine
c. Carbon monoxide.
d. all of them.
3. Tar
a. is a mixture of chemicals such as
formaldehyde, arsenic and cyanide.
b. can cause serious lung diseases.
c. is more addictive than heroine.
d. A) and B) are right.
4. Nicotine
a. is more addictive than heroine.
b. it reaches the brain in about ten seconds.
c. one of its effects is a decreased heart rate.
d. all the sentences are wrong.
5. Carbon monoxide
a. isnt absorbed by red blood cells.
b. is a poisonous gas.
c. the red blood cells absorb the oxygen more
easily than the gas.
d. All the options are wrong.
6. Choose the right sentence.
a. Tomatoes and tobacco are members of the
same botanical family.
b. The USA is the largest producer.
c. Seeds and fertiliser are often provided by British
American Tobacco.
d. A) and C) are right.
7. How many stages are there in processing?
a. 14.
b. 4
c. 5
d. 3
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32. A BURGLARY
1. Choose the right sentence.
a. Somebody went into number 34 Bank Street.
b. Somebody went into number 3 Baker Street.
c. Somebody went into number 4 Bank Street.
d. All the options are right.
2. What was stolen?
a. a DVD player
b. only their television
c. their television and a computer.
d. A) and C) are right
3. What was the man doing at 3 oclock yesterday?
a. he was next door.
b. he was at home writing some emails.
c. he was next door writing some emails.
d. all the sentences are right
4. Choose the wrong sentence.
a. the man had the radio on.
b. he was listening to jazz music.
c. he had the radio on quite loud.
d. classical music helps him think.
5. Did the man hear anyone moving around next door?
a. he thinks he heard someone.
b. no, he didnt hear anyone.
c. no, but he heard some noise.
d. yes, he heard the radio.
33. A DREAM
1. Angela is talking about
a. a film
b. a book
c. a dream
d. a song
2. Where was she?
a. in Liverpool.
b. in Manchester
c. in Milan
d. In London
3. It was a ____.
a. Sunday
b. Monday
c. Wednesday
d. Saturday
4. Choose the right sentence.
a. the shops were closed but there were lots of people in the streets.
b. the shops were open and there were lots of people in the streets.
c. the shops were closed and there werent lots of people in the streets.
d. the shops were open and there werent lots of people in the streets.
5. Choose the wrong sentence.
a. it was an awful day but the sun was shining.
b. it was a beautiful day
c. the sun was shining
d. it was quite hot.
6. She____.
a. stopped to look at a dress.
b. stood there for a few minutes.
c. realized the mannequin was her.
d. all the sentences are correct.
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4. Thai food
a. is cheap.
b. is available.
c. is famous all over the world.
d. all the options are right.
5. Choose the wrong option.
a. Tom likes to go shopping in Bangkok, theres a
lot of clothes, shoes and bags.
b. The prices are really low.
c. In Bangkok the most expensive thing is getting
a hair cut.
d. He doesnt go much for expensive hair cuts.
6. Jess has lived
a. in many European cities as London and Paris.
b. in three European cities: Budapest, Paris and
Madrid.
c. in Belgium.
d. All the sentences are wrong.
7. French wine
a. was really cheap.
b. there was a big variety.
c. is really expensive.
d. A) and B) are right.
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37. CRISIS
1. Causes to the current global crisis.
a. Overproduction.
b. the Wall Street Crash
c. deregulation of the financial markets.
d. A) and C) are right.
2. Hungry investors
a. began speculating on the price of food commodities.
b. began speculating on the price of petrol.
c. became very rich.
d. All the sentences are right.
3. On January 24 2008
a. the Bank of England announced it had lost 7.2 billion dollars of its clients money from futures.
b. the French investment bank Socit Gnrale announced it had lost 7.2 billion dollars of its clients money from
futures.
c. Grupo Santander announced it had lost 7.2 billion dollars of its clients money from futures.
d. all the sentences are true.
4. The White House has said that
a. the US deficit will rise to $2.8 trillion.
b. the US deficit will rise to $ 1.6 million in 2009.
c. by 2009 the US deficit will rise to $1.6 trillion.
d. the US deficit will rise to $150 in July.
5.The Bank of England
a. puts the cost of the global crisis at $2.8 trillion.
b. puts the cost of the global crisis at $1.6 trillion.
c. puts the cost of the global crisis at $1.8 million.
d. puts the cost of the global crisis at $2.8 million.
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41. PAELLA
1. There are
a. 12 kinds of paella.
b. dozens of kinds of paella.
c. only two kinds of paella.
d. 10 kinds of paella.
2. In Las Arenas beach
a. there are famous and reasonably priced restaurants by the sand.
b. you will need to be patients.
c. paellas are made individually.
d. All the options are right.
3. The Valencians consider the authentic paella
a. seafood paella.
b. the one from Las Arenas beach.
c. the one from Serra.
d. All the sentences are wrong.
4. The authentic paella
a. is made with chicken, rabbit, snails, rosemary, butter beans and green beans.
b. is made with seafood.
c. take an hour to prepare.
d. take an hour and a half to prepare.
5. Arros amb caranc is
a. made with chicken and rabbit.
b. made with snails and beans.
c. crab and rice stew.
d. None of the above.
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b. a week
c. more than four weeks
4. What things are in the woman's luggage?
a. clothing, computer, and books
b. CD player, clothing, and books
c. books, gifts and computer
5. What other piece of information do we learn about the
woman?
a. Her parents are on the same trip.
b. She enjoys traveling to different countries.
c. She was born in that country.
44. ALLERGIES
1. What are the speaker symptoms?
a. Hes sneezing all the time.
b. He has moles.
c. His eyes are itchy and watery.
d. A) and C) are right.
2. When having a look at his nasal passages, the doctor considers
a. He is very congested.
b. He suffers from headaches.
c. He suffers from a skin illness.
d. None of the above.
3. Is he experiencing any shortness of breath?
a. No way.
b. His chest feels constricted and its hard to breathe.
c. No, just spots over his body.
d. None of the above.
4. What is the diagnosis?
a. He may be experiencing a severe allergy attack.
b. He is allergic to work.
c. He suffers from measles.
d. He has a cold.
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48. PLASTIC
1. The United Nations says
a. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch doubles the size of the USA.
b. there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea everywhere in the world.
c. there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea everywhere in the USA.
d. A) and B) are right.
2. Plastic
a. does not biodegrade.
b. photo degrades into smaller particles which enter the food chain.
c. biodegrades.
d. A) and B) are right.
3. Choose the right sentence.
a. 10% of all rubbish is plastic bags which take from 400 to 1000 years to degrade.
b. 4% of plastic bags are recycled.
c. 18% of the worlds oil production is for plastic.
d. All the sentences are right.
4.The first country to rebel and ban plastic bags has been
a. China.
b. Botswana.
c. Bangladesh
d. Kenya
5. The inhabitants of Bundanoon in New South Wales
a. use special paper bin liners.
b. have banned plastic bottles from the town.
c. have banned plastic bags.
d. have banned shopping trolleys.
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TAPESCRIPTS
So, what's your usual day like? You always seem so busy.
Man:
Well, I usually get up around 5:00 a.m. and work on the computer until 6:00 a.m.
Woman:
Man:
Well, I have to leave home at twenty to seven (6:40 a.m.) so I can catch a bus at 7:00 o'clock . It takes me
about twenty minutes to walk to the bus stop from my house.
Woman:
Man:
Uh, my bus takes about an hour to get there, but it stops right in front of my office.
Woman:
Man:
Uh, around 5:00 o'clock. Then, we eat dinner around 6:30, and my wife and I read and play with the kids until
8:00 or so.
Woman:
So, when do you work on your website? You said one time that you create it at home?
Man:
Well, my wife and I often watch TV or talk until 10:00 o'clock. She then often reads while I work on my site,
and I sometimes stay up until the early hours of the morning, but I try to finish everything by one or two.
Woman:
Man:
Well, yeah, but it's important to live a balanced life. I enjoy what I do, but you have to set aside time for the
family and yourself.
Woman:
I agree.
Man:
But I think my wife has the toughest job. She spends her whole day taking care of our family . . . taking the
kids to school, working in the garden, buying groceries, taking the kids to piano lessons . . . [Wow!] It's a fulltime job, but she enjoys what she does.
Woman:
Man:
I think so too.
Hello.
Hi. I'm calling about the ad for the apartment found in today's newspaper.
Okay.
I'm kind of desperate, and I need something right away.
Okay. What would you like to know?
First of all, how big is it?
It's a two-bedroom apartment with a living room, dining room and kitchen, and one bathroom. There's
also a place for a washer and dryer.
Okay, and how old is the apartment complex?
Well, let's just say it has a lot of history. To be honest, my great grandfather built it during the 1920s,
but it's a very sturdy and sound structure.
Oh, and . . . so, is the apartment furnished at all?
Oh, yeah. The apartment is partially furnished with a refrigerator, stove, and my grandmother's old
dishwasher.
Your grandmother's old dishwasher? Okay. What's the rent?
It's $950 a month.
Whoa. That is a little steep for me.
But you could always split the cost with a roommate.
Perhaps. Does that include utilities?
Well, the rent includes gas and electricity, but not the phone bill. And the water pump is right out the
back door.
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Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Apartment Owner:
Caller:
Water pump! [Yeah.] Oh, yeah. Well, can I rent month-to-month, or do I have to sign a lease for a
longer period of time?
We require a 6-month commitment for the apartment, and if you cancel the agreement anytime
during that period, hey . . . you lose your deposit.
Oh, and how much is the deposit?
It's $400, and, of course, this money is used to repair damage or general wear and tear on our
apartment, like the leaks in the old roof from last year's snow storm. Man, that was ugly. Plaster
falling down from the ceiling. And I didn't even know there was a rat's nest up there, but we got that
taken care of.
A what? Do I get my deposit back after I move out? That's assuming that I even move in.
Generally speaking, we return the deposit, minus a small fee for, you know, cleaning the apartment
for the next tenant, but if you trash the place, then don't expect to get anything back.
Okay. Oh, um . . . how close is the apartment to the university campus?
It's about eight blocks from campus, but you can catch a number of busses right out in front.
Oh, so, then, if there's a busy road out front, is it noisy?
Well, there are always trade-offs: it's a little noisy with the road outside and the airport behind you,
but the place is really convenient because there's a supermarket and shopping center right across
the street. Just keep the windows closed and a pair of ear plugs handy, and you'll be fine.
Okay, and one last question. Are there parking spaces for tenants?
Yeah. The apartment has two covered parking spaces, which are really convenient during certain
times of the year.
Uh . . . I don't know. Is it possible for me to drop by and visit the apartment tomorrow morning?
Sure, but just remember we rent the apartment on a first-come, first-serve basis, so there's no
guarantee it'll still be available then.
Okay. Thanks. Um . . . and where exactly is the apartment located?
It's one block west of the waste water treatment plant.
Ah . . . . Are pets allowed?
Well, you can keep small pets like a hamster in a small cage, but we don't allow larger animals like
dogs, cats, or snakes. Things like that.
Um, I have a rat . . .
You don't have anything like that, do you?
Well, I have a rat that I keep in a cage. Will that be okay?
Well, as long it doesn't escape, I guess that's okay.
And what's your name?
It's Norman. Norman Bates.
Alright, Mr. Bates. I'll see you tomorrow. Bye.
30. TOBACCO
Whats in a cigarette? Whats in a puff?
Tobacco smoke contains about 4,000 chemicals. Some of which are harmful, others deadly. Here are three of the deadliest.
Tar
Tar, a mixture of chemicals such as formaldehyde, arsenic and cyanide, can cause serious lung diseases. Seventy percent of
the tar from tobacco smoke remains in the smokers lungs.
Nicotine
Many people are unaware that nicotine is more addictive than heroine. A powerful and fast-acting drug, nicotine reaches the
brain in about seven seconds. One of the major effects of nicotine is an increased heart rate and blood pressure.
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas formed when a cigarette is lit. The red blood cells absorb the gas more easily than
oxygen, so up to fifteen percent of a smokers blood may be carrying carbon monoxide instead of oxygen. Breathing becomes
more difficult because the heart has to work harder to pump less oxygen around the body.
From seed to smoke
What do tomatoes and tobacco have in common? They are both a member of the same botanical family. Tobacco is grown in
more than one hundred countries with China being the largest producer, closely followed by the USA. Tobacco can grow well in
poorer soils so a typical farmer can expect a good income from planting this crop.
Seeds and fertiliser are often provided by British American Tobacco. The seeds are so small that they must be protected in
seedbeds for sixty days before transplanting to the field. Two weeks later, soil is carefully pushed up against the seedlings to
further protect them and help to develop a good root system. Finally, after a couple of months, the flowering plants and some of
the upper leaves are cut to allow more growth in the remaining leaves. The crop gradually grows towards the harvesting stage.
ACADEMIA DE GUARDIAS Y DE SUBOFICIALES DE LA GUARDIA CIVIL
BEDA-BAEZA
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Harvest
In most countries harvesting is done by hand. The farmer takes off a few leaves from the lower part of each plant. A typical
farmer can expect to harvest about 15,000 plants. This is quite a lot considering each plant contains around 22 leaves.
Curing
There are four main methods.
Air-cured tobacco is hung in unheated, ventilated barns until the tobacco dries and the tobacco leaf becomes a light to
medium brown colour.
Flue-cured tobacco is made when heat is introduced into a barn through pipes from a furnace outside. The leaves are heated
until they turn yellow.
Sun-cured tobacco leaves are hung out on racks and exposed to the suns rays. The direct heat turns the leaves a yellow to
orange colour.
For fire curing, wood is burnt under the tobacco leaves, which dries the tobacco and produces a smoky fragrance.
Processing
There are four stages in processing. Dirt is removed from the cured tobacco. The leaf is separated from the stem (a process
known as threshing). The moisture content is checked carefully. The processed tobacco is packed into 200kg cardboard boxes,
for shipping to manufacturing sites.
Manufacturing
At the factory, the matured tobacco is checked for quality and then carefully blended with other ingredients which are needed
for the brand recipe, such as flavourings.
Moisture content is crucial. Too dry and the tobacco leaf will crumble; too moist and it may spoil during storage. The blended
tobacco is treated with just the right amount of steam and water to make it supple, and then cut into the form in which it appears
in the cigarette. The cut tobacco is then given a quality check.
Cigarette making, once done entirely by hand, is today almost fully automated with the cut tobacco, cigarette paper and filters
continuously fed into the cigarette-making machines.
Packing machines put the cigarettes into the familiar brand packs, wrap the packs in protective film and group them into
cartons and cases. The completed cases, time-dated to ensure the freshest product possible, are then ready for distribution.
Doctor, this is my son Danny. I brought him in so you could look at his rash.
Okay, Danny. Have a seat on the exam table. How long have you had the rash?
My son has had that rash for about two weeks. It started out as a blister, and then it got really itchy
and turned red. Could it be an infection?
Ill need to take a closer look at it first before I can tell you that.
I hope its not anything serious. I hope its not skin cancer!
Lets not get ahead of ourselves. Okay, lets take a look...
While youre at it, could you look at this bump on Dannys neck? I think its a mole.
That looks like a birthmark, but Ill take a look.
And could you look at this wart? If you remove it, will it leave a scar?
Im not sure it is a wart. Let me examine it first, and Ill tell you what treatment I recommend.
Oh, and Doctor, could you look at Dannys pimples? He just started getting them. I had really bad acne when I
was his age.
Is there anything else?
Well, since you asked...
32. A BURGLARY
Policeman
Man
P
M
P
M
P
M
P
M
Good afternoon sir, sorry to disturb you but can I ask you some questions about yesterday?
Err, yes of course. What happened yesterday?
There was a burglary sir.
A burglary?
Yes, somebody went into number 34 Bank Street and stole their television, DVD player, and
computer.
Number 34, thats next door!
Yes, sir. What were you doing at 3 oclock yesterday afternoon.
At three oclock?I was at home, yes I was here. I was writing some emails.
Did you hear any noise next door?
No, nothing. I think I had the radio on. Yes, I was listening to classical music, it helps me think you
know. I had it on quite loud.
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P
M
Ah, classical music. So you didnt hear anyone moving around next door?
No, I didnt, oh dear, sorry officer.
33. A DREAM
I had a very strange dream last night. Where was I? Yes, it was Manchester. I dont know why but I was in
Manchester city centre. I was walking along the street on my own. I think it was a Saturday because the shops were
open and there were lots of people in the streets. It was a beautiful day, the sun was shining and it was quite hot.
Anyway, I stopped to look at a dress in a shop window. I stood there for a few minutes looking at this really fantastic
dress when I suddenly realized that the model, you know, the mannequin was actually me! I was looking at myself in
the shop window wearing the dress! Very strange!
34. PRICEY CITIES
Jess: So, Tom, I was reading in the newspaper this morning, and I noticed a story which said that Tokyo and Osaka are now
the most expensive cities to live in. I remember you told me you used to live in Tokyo. Was that your experience of living there?
Tom: That's right. Tokyo was really expensive. I am so pleased that now I live in Bangkok. Living here is fantastic. My
apartment - I have this lovely beautiful big apartment and the rent is a good deal. Thai food is famous all over the world and
actually when you come to Thailand, you realize how cheap the food is and how available it is. You can buy food - every kind of
food from any shop or restaurant - even on the street. They have street stalls where people cooking. They have people walking
up and down the street pushing carts full of food and it's all really cheap and delicious. I like to go shopping in Bangkok. There's
a lot of clothes and shoes and bags. The prices are really low and it's this lovely feeling being able to walk around and afford
things. Did you know in Tokyo the most surprising expensive thing was getting a hair cut. I don't go much for expensive hair
cuts and it used to kill me how much I had to pay just to get someone to chop off my scruffy locks. I know you've lived in Europe
mostly. What was your experience? What was the most expensive place in Europe?
Jess: Well, I've lived in three European cities: Budapest, Madrid and Paris and of the three Paris was definitely the most
expensive. The things that stands out in my mind as being the most expensive were beauty services. Things like hair cuts, hair
coloring, facials, waxing. I actually had to save and budget every month to make sure I was able to afford in Paris the things I
was used to getting without thinking about back home in Britain, but not every thing was expensive there. Beauty services were
and rent was but the wine, brilliant French wine, was really cheap and there was a huge variety, so in that way, I guess it
balanced itself out.
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37. CRISIS
After the Wall Street Crash in 1929, the US Congress passed a new law called the Glass-Steagall Act so that history could not
repeat itself. Fifty years later, Congress repealed or scrapped this law and consequently, history did repeat itself.
There are two principal causes to the current crisis. The first overproduction and the second is the deregulation of the financial
markets, which is, in fact, a direct result of the first cause, overproduction.
Since the Second World War, humans, in particular production engineers and economists, have become brilliant at
manufacturing high quality goods that people want to buy on a large scale. Engineers and economists have used both robotics
and the outsourcing of productions to parts of the world where the cost of labour is low. Fantastic products are made very
cheaply, sent all over the world in containers and sold at bargain prices. All this has happened in a highly competitive
environment.
This intense activity caused two important things to happen. The governments of manufacturing countries like China became
very rich and formed to now famous sovereign wealth funds with the objective of investing all this lovely capital. Investing in
industry was unattractive as profit margins were very slim. Investors wanted bigger profits. Strict banking regulations also made
life very difficult for investors. Secondly, all this liquidity caused a continued increase in the price of real estate, just like in the
1920s.
When the US Congress repealed the Glass-Steagall Act, investment banks and retail banks were able to work together again
for the first time in 50 years. Next, not to be left behind, the European financial sector lobbied the European Union, mostly in
secret, to liberate the European market. This deregulation put an end to transparency in the banking world. Hedge funds, whose
investments are carried out under the cover of darkness, mushroomed.
Simplicity was replaced by complexity and uncertain risk. Credit default swaps gave investors large payouts for loans gone
bad and futures, which are more like bets than investments, offered juicy returns.
Hungry investors then began speculating on the price of food commodities, especially rice and wheat and this was when we
saw the first signs of trouble. The price of wheat flour increased more than 25% due to speculation and the Sphagetti Riots
broke out in Italy. Petrol prices increased further and further still. Farmers complained that they could no afford to refuel their
tractors and truck drivers went on strike in Spain.
The world now had a stagnant real economy and a very busy financial sector. In the USA, the financial sector accounted for
40% of the nations total profits but less than 5% of the GNP.
On January 24 2008, the French investment bank Socit Gnrale announced that it had lost an astounding 7.2. billion
dollars of its clients money from futures went the wrong way.
Next, in the space of just 6 weeks, the price of a barrel of crude oil fell from $150 a barrel in July to less than fifty by October.
Then we found out about sub-prime loans. Investment banks and retail banks, working together, had lent vast quantities of
their clients money to high risk borrowers. This means borrowers who are likely to default on their home loans or mortgages
because of low incomes and job instability. And guess what? They defaulted, handed back the keys to the house and the banks
are now left with properties that nobody wants and whose value continues to fall. What a disaster!
After that, it was the turn of the hedge funds. Many banks, such as Grupo Santander, passed on investors money to hedge
funds who then passed the money on to Bernard Madoff.
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Governments have now spent billions of taxpayers money because of the mistakes mande by greedy and irresponsible
bankers and The White House has said that the US deficit will rise to $1.6 trillion in 2009. The Bank of England puts the cost of
the global crisis at $2.8 trillion but nobody really knows and nobody really knows what all this means for the future.
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41. PAELLA
Getting from the airport to the centre of Valencia, which is where paella originally comes from is easy. You unpack and settle
into your downtown self-catering apartment and already you are thinking about paella, although no one has warned you that
ordering paella in the centre of Valencia is the equivalent to a culinary catastrophe. Other things you probably do not know are
that there are dozens of kinds of paella as well as the fact that for the best paellas you need to order in advance.
For a delicious seafood paella, take the metro to the Las Arenas beach where there is a row of famous and reasonably priced
restaurants right by the sand. Here you will not have to book ahead but you will need to be patient as real paellas are made
individually and take half and hour or so to prepare. While away your time munching tellinas or clams.
If you decide to rent a car, book a Valencian paella in Serra, which is a town up in the mountains, to savour what the
Valencians consider to be the authentic paella. It is made with chicken, rabbit, snails, rosemary, butter beans and green beans
and cooked over a log fire. You have to book though or your journey will be wasted. My favourite restaurant is La Balsa de San
Antonio, just out of town tucked into a bend in the mountain road by a small reservoir. Take advantage of having a car and drive
out to the fishing village of El Palmar by the lagoon. Order arros a banda or arros amb caranc, which is crab and rice stew along
with a serving of spicy eels with potatoes called all I pebre.
Man:
Yes, I'd like to reserve a room for two on the 21st of March.
Hotel Clerk:
Okay. Let me check our computer here for a moment. The 21st of May, right?
Man:
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Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Hotel Clerk:
Well, we have one suite available, complete with a kitchenette and a sauna bath. And the view of the city is
great, too.
Man:
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Oh, that's a little too expensive for me. Do you have a cheaper room available either on the 20th or the 22nd?
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Non-smoking, please.
Hotel Clerk:
Okay, we do have a few rooms available on the 20th; we're full on the 22nd, unless you want a smoking room.
Man:
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
M-A-E-X-N-E-R.
Hotel Clerk:
Man:
Okay. Goodbye.
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44. ALLERGIES
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
Doctor:
Victor:
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Did you know that 25% of prescription drugs come from plants? Incidently, the word drug means dried plant. Perhaps
Westerners should pay more attention to indigenous people and also to animals. They may be able to teach us a lot more about
staying healthy.
48. PLASTIC
Twelve years ago, oceanographer Captain Charlie Moore was skippering his yacht the Alguita in the North Pacific. He sailed
into a mass of floating plastic rubbish which took him and his crew a week to cross. This floating rubbish dump is now called the
Great Pacific Garbage Patch and doubles the size of the USA.
The United Nations says there are now 18,000 pieces of plastic in every square kilometre of sea everywhere in the world. A
walk along any beach will give you some idea of the seriousness of plastic pollution.
The trouble is, when we throw out plastic with the trash, the plastic doesnt go away. Plastic does not biodegrade. It photo
degrades into smaller and smaller particles which then enter the food chain. Plastics contain cancer-causing chemicals such as
vinyl chloride which travel along the food chain in increasing concentrations and end up in our fish and chips, along with
hormone disruptors such as bisphenol A.
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Scientists try to tell us that we are killing ourselves as well as other animals.
At least 200 species are, as I speak, being killed by plastic. Whales, dolphins, turtles and albatross confuse floating plastic,
especially shopping bags and six pack rings, with jellyfish. A dead Minke whale, washed up on a Normandy beach, was found
to have eaten plastic bags from supermarkets and had died a dreadful death.
8% of all the worlds oil production is for plastic. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, companies
manufacture 5 billion plastic bags a year. Of all the plastic produced annually, half is for packaging which gets thrown out with
the trash a few minutes after purchase. And 10% of all rubbish is plastic bags which take from 400 to 1000 years to degrade.
Less than one per cent of plastic bags are recycled and only 4% of all other plastic waste, the reason being it is simple too
expensive to do.
The same lobbies that work against electric vehicles and renewable energies, put governments under pressure not to act
against plastic pollution. This is because plastic represents 8% of all the worlds oil production. These lobbies, acting on behalf
of oil companies, represent an unsustainable approach to profit. To paraphrase the Cree Indian prophecy, only when we have
wiped everything out will we realise that money cannot be eaten.
Some countries have rebelled and banned plastic bags. And the first was brave Bangladesh. Then China took the same
decision and, according to CNN Asia, saves itself 37 million barrels of oil a year. Botswana, Canada, Israel, Kenya, Rwanda,
Singapore and South Africa have also banned plastic bags. Notice how many of the worlds richest countries are not on this list.
Its an absolute disgrace.
Alright, then. If we cant use plastic bags, how do we carry home the shopping? Take a back pack or a folding shopping
trolley. Change supermarket to one that provides biodegradable bags, made from potato starch for example. Use consumer
power.
What I need to find now, is a supermarket that sells biodegradable bin liners, otherwise I still end up using plastic. I recently
spent a week in New Zealand on my honeymoon and saw that everyone was using special paper bin liners. I wish we did
something similar here in Spain.
Think globally, act locally. A small Australian town is now one step ahead of the rest of the world. The inhabitants of
Bundanoon in New South Wales have banned plastic boggles from the town. We need to follow their example and eliminate
plastic from our lives, take care of the earth and vote for people we think will do the same.
So, since we are talking about technology, I have a question for you. Is there any gadget or technology that
you're really addicted to?
That would have to be video games. I have pretty much every video game console that was releases since
the late 80's.
Are you serious?
Yes. Every one of them.
Wow. I actually don't really like video games.
Why not? They're fun.
I don't know. I used to when I was a kid, but recently they just don't appeal to me... to sit in front and like, use
my thumb to press this thing to make it jump and I guess I'm just not very good at them.
Well, they're getting more and more involving now, it's kind of like having an interactive movie except you get
to be the main character in the movie.
Yeah, I guess. I need to get used to it. I'm really bad at them right now, so I'm just not comfortable with them.
Yeah, I know what you mean. One thing I've noticed a lot with games lately is that they're so complicated to
control that you have to be like a hard core gamer to even begin to understand how to play the game.
Do you think you're a hard core gamer?
I would have to say I am though I'm not exactly proud of it.
Oh, really. What constitutes a hard core gamer? How often do you play?
Pretty much, well, probably for most hard core gamers, it would be every day.
Every day. How many hours?
An hour or two, at the least.
OK, what about you? How often do you play every day?
Well, since, I'm working, there are lots of days when I don't play at all, and I would like to be able to play more.
OK, so one of your goals in life is to play more video games?
No, I wouldn't say that but it's a good way to relax and sometimes it's more fun than just watching TV when
you have nothing better to do.
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Lindsay:
Jake:
OK, so you play... try to play every day but sometimes you don't and then, are there any tips you can give me
to become a good video gamer?
Well, just the more you can play, the more better you'll get. I don't necessarily want to play more because as
you know there isn't really any reward for playing games more.
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