SCHOOL RECORDS AND EFFECTIVE TEACHING.

1. CURRICULUM
This refers to the organized knowledge presented to learners in a school. It inc
ludes the subject matter, the students, the teachers and the physical environmen
t. Tanner and Tanner identified three broad usage viz:
I. The whole body of courses offered by the educational institution.
II. A course of study or a design developed by one group to be used by another g
roup involved in the education of children.
III. All the experiences of children for which the school accepts responsibiliti
es.
It must be stated that the primary concern of the curriculum is to improve the q
uality of individuals.
E.g of curriculum is the BE, SSEC, 6334 system, Early childhood care etc.
2. PLANNING.
Planning is the systematic process of deciding what and how students should lear
n. This includes decision about the form and content to be learned. The followin
g are important for effective teaching:
A. Syllabus
This is a description of the areas to be covered in a course of study and is usu
ally derived from the curriculum. It lays out the topic, content, suggested teac
hing methods and materials as well as activities. The syllabus provides limit as
to what is to be studied as well as create uniform learning experience and stan
dard in schools. It also limits scope of examination.
B. scheme of Work.
The scheme of work is the breakdown of the syllabus into teachable units of inst
ruction which can be grouped into weekly, monthly or termly activities. It shows
what part of the syllabus will be covered in each lesson period.
3. Lesson Plan
Ololobou sees lesson plan as an outline of the steps to be taken in a teaching s
ession for the realization of stated objectives. Conceptually and operationally
lesson planning is a systematic ordering of instructional events, planned to hap
pen within a period of instruction. A good teacher must work towards the practic
e of positive teaching by making adequate provision towards effective teaching a
nd learning through the construction and use of a well prepared lesson plan.
Characteristics of a Good Lesson Plan.
I. General information:
a. Subject matter to be taught
b. class in which the lesson is to be taught.
c. The exact topic to be taught.
d. Average age of the learners
e. Sex
f. Number in class.
g. Date
h. Duration
II. Resources
A list of suitable resources to be used must be stated viz textbook,real or impr
ovised aids like charts, pictures, map, gadgets, etc.
III. Behavioral Objectives
Aka performance objectives, criterion reference objectives, ete. The teacher mus
t clearly state his/her objectives that is state the learning outcomes expected
of the learners and should embrace the three domains of learning.
Entry Behavior/set induction.
This refers to the knowledge learners already possess wrt the present lesson. It
does not necessarily connote previous knowledge. Always from known to the unkno
wn.
IV. Introduction.
The body of the lesson starts with introduction. Teachers needs something that w
ould help arouse the interest of the learners.

V. Presentation/ instructional Procedure.

Here the teacher presents the major content of the lesson in details. Facts, con
cepts,skills, generalization, ideas, principles, formulars, laws are presented h
ere. The steps should be within 3-5 and in consonance with the objectives.
Teachers should not dominate the class, avoid lecturing and carry the class alon
g. Words like teacher guides, directs, assists, helps, the learners to. Chalkboa
rd should prepared and writing done methodically from left to right, legible, bo
ld.
VI. Application
Not necessarily always evaluation. It involves the list of activities to be done
after the presentation. It provides opportunity for active use of what was lear
ned, checking the performance of each student, encouraging students to put into
practice what was learned etc.
VII. Conclusion/Summaries
Teacher guides the learners to arrive at the main points or highlights of the le
sson. It could be a summary, an oral review of the main points, raising a though
t provoking question or problem, or a chalkboard summary.
VIII. Assignment or homework.
This is a necessary part of the lesson plan.
SUGGESTED CHECKLIST FOR TEACHERS
1. Did I come to the class prepared
2. Did I arouse interest in my pupil
3. Am I satisfied with the class participation
4. Did I lose my temper while trying to motivate them
5. What material resources did I use and were they effective
6. Did I achieve all the stated behavioral objectives.
Reference
Ekwuafeh, W. O. (2012). Curriculum and Instructional Processes in Social Science
Education. Albarka Publishers, Kano.