K 7 AGoncalves

12
ICDS12
International Conference DURABLE STRUCTURES: from construction to rehabilitation
LNEC Lisbon Portugal 31 May - 1 June 2012
DS
SUSTAINABILITY OF
CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS.
AN OVERVIEW
IC
Arlindo Gonalves
BACKGROUND
LNE
C
Expanding global
population
Increased social needs for

improved quality of life.
Increased pressure
on the environment
Higher demand of raw

materials
and
natural
resources and increase of
GHG emissions
ICDS12
12
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Definition:
meeting the needs of the present generation without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet

their own needs
(Brundtland Commission, 1987)
DS
ability of a system to be maintained for the present and
future generations
(EN 15643-2010)
an enduring, balanced approach to

economic activity, environmental
responsibility and social progress
IC
(BS 8905-2011)
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Satisfaction of social
and equity needs
LNE
C
Dimensions:
Environmental
Social
Economic
Establish fair
value across the
global value chain
Ability of the
environment
to withstand loads
Sustainability was firstly addressed from an

environmental perspective, being this issue the
most well established.
4
ICDS12
12
SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION
>Construction sector plays an important role in

economy.
>Building construction industry:
Consumes 40% of the materials entering the global
DS
economy;
Generates 4050% of the global output of GHG

emissions;
Produces about 1/3 of the world waste.
IC
Sustainability is relevant for construction sector!

5
LNE
C
MATERIALS
>Existing materials
Correct
choice and application
Improving
the production technologies
Recycling
>New materials
More
sustainable over the 3 dimensions
ICDS12
12
IC
DS
CEMENT

BUILDINGS
LNE
C
>Apply a stringent control of execution

>Provide a maintenance plan
>Implement new solutions:
Energy efficiency
Adaptability
Good indoor air quality
Design for disassembly
Use of materials easily recycled.

8
ICDS12
BASIS
12
SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT
>Assessment based on a life cycle approach

Cheaper
have
products at factory gate could
high
maintenance
or
waste
Technological
A balanced
solution is
required
DS
management costs in the medium term.
products with very high
production costs may never be recovered

along service life.
After a product leaves the factory, the life cycle
assessment requires the establishment of reliable
IC
scenarios (application, utilization, end-use).
LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT
LNE
C
Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential

environmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle
Overall aim of the study.
Limits of the assessment defining what is and what
is not included.
Collecting data regarding energy and mass.
Refining or redefining system boundaries.
Selecting relevant impact categories.

Assigning results from LCI to impact
categories
10
12
ICDS12
DS
Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential

environmental impact of a product system throughout its life cycle
Study
outcome
IC
Analyze results
against the
goal.
11

GOAL AND SCOPE
LNE
C
>The goal of the assessment shall be clearly defined:

Comparison
Equate
of alternative solutions
the result against a established target value
>The system boundary shall be identified

Life
cycle stages that are included
Inputs
and outputs to be considered
12

GOAL AND SCOPE
12
ICDS12
>To compare solutions they must fulfill the same

requirements
For
products, a Functional Unit
DS
is used to quantify their
performance characteristics.
EXAMPLE: The total amount of binder per m3 concrete
IC
necessary to deliver 1MPa of strength and 1 year of service life
13

LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY
LNE
C
>To compare solutions qualified data are required

Reliable
(based on measurement)
Complete
(to level normal fluctuations over time and sites)
Temporal
correlated (less than 3 years old)
Geographical
correlated (area under study)
Technological
correlated (data from the factory)
14
ICDS12
12
IC
DS
>Data scatter on cement production
15
LNE
C
>Generic data - Databases

Ecoinvent
www.ecoinvent.ch
BRE
www.bre.co.uk
Inies
www.inies.fr
ELCD
http://lca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/lcainfohub/datasetArea.vm
16
12
ICDS12
LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT

Selecting relevant impact categories or parameters
>Environmental impacts
category - e.g. global warming, ozone deplection
>Resource use
Parameter
DS
Impact
- e.g. use of non-renewable primary energy resources
>Waste categories
Parameter
- e.g. hazardous waste disposed
>Output flows
e.g. materials for recycling
IC
Parameter
17
LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT
LNE
C
>Calculations
For
each indicator the total impact is
calculated
Results
interpretation usually requires
a value judgment
18
ICDS12
Life cycle impact assessment
12

>Comparison between hydrophobic treatment and
patch repair
unit - 1 m2 of repaired or protected concrete

surface for a period of 10 years.
DS
Functional
IC
Use preventive maintenance before reaching a

stage where patch repairs may be advised
19
Life cycle impact assessment
LNE
C
>Calculations
Value
If
judgment is out of the scope of existing standards
a single sustainable result is foreseen, a weight is to
be given to each indicator
Different
schemes for assessing sustainability of
products and buildings were developed
20
ICDS12
12
LNE
C
IC
DS
Different schemes give different results
21
>Harmonization for sustainability

assessment was felt as need!
22
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
CEN/TC 350 (2005)
12
ICDS12
Standards for sustainability of construction works.
>International standards and European policies were
ISO
DS
taken into account :
standards from TC59/SC 17 and TC 207
oSustainability in buildings and civil engineering works

oEnvironmental management
Construction
Products Regulation
oBR3 Hygiene, health and environment
IC
oBR7 Sustainable use of natural resources
23
LNE
C
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
24
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
FRAMEWORK LEVEL
EN 15643-1
12
ICDS12
Sustainability of construction works - Sustainability

assessment of buildings - Part 1: General framework.
EN 15643-2
EN 15643-3
DS
Sustainability of construction works Assessment of

buildings Part 2: Framework for the assessment of
environmental performance.
social performance.
EN 15643-4
IC

economic performance.
25
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
BUILDING LEVEL
LNE
C
EN 15978
Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of

environmental performance of buildings - Calculation
method.
pr EN 16309
Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of social

performance of buildings Methods.
WI 017
Sustainability of construction works - Assessment of

economic performance of buildings Methods.
26
EUROPEAN STANDARDS
PRODUCT LEVEL
EN 15804
12
ICDS12
CEN TR 15941
DS
Sustainability of construction works Environmental

product declarations Core rules for the product
category of construction products.

product declarations Methodology for selection and use
of generic data.
EN 15942
IC

product declarations Communication format businessto-business.
27
ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT DECLARATION

EN 15804
LNE
C
>Environmental Product Declaration, EPD, is a

brief document whose objective is to sum up
the environmental profile of a finished product
under a specified format.
28
ICDS12
12

BUIDINGLIFECYCLEINFORMATION
Productstage
Construction
Usestage
Endoflifestage
(A1A3)
stage
(B1B7)
(C1C4)
A1Rawmaterials
(A4A5)
A2Transport
B1Use
C1Deconstruction
A4Transport
B2Maintenance
C2Transport
Reusepotential
A5Construction
B3Repair
C3Waste
Recoverypotential
A3Manufacturing
installation
B4Replacement
process
B5Refurbishment
processing
Recyclingpotential
DS
supply
Benefitsand
loadsbeyond
systemboundary
(D)
C4Disposal
B6Operational
energyuse
B7Operational
EPDcradle togate
wateruse
EPDcradle togatewtith options
IC
EPDcradle tograve
29
LNE
C
30
ICDS12
12
DS
>The EPD according to the new European standard

does not include social neither economic aspects
and impacts, these components are only
addressed at the building level.
IC
>EPD based on BS 8905 regarding the sustainable

use of materials seeks to attain environmental,
social and economic contributions.
31
LNE
C
>Social impacts (BS 8905)
employment and labor conditions;
pollution prevention and abatement;
community health;
safety and security.
>Economic impacts (BS 8905)
Potential revenue
Effects on local, regional and international economy

32
FINAL REMARKS
12
ICDS12
>Standards developed by CEN TC 350 allow a more

complete
and
harmonized
approach
to
sustainability information related to construction
products.
IC
DS
>Following RCP publication and ISO Guide 82 (still

for approval) it is expected that product standards
will require producers to make the Environmental
Product Declarations (EPD)
33
FINAL REMARKS
LNE
C
>The social and economic dimensions are still

under development
>The evaluation part of the assessment (weighing
of indicators) is still a pending issue and a
drawback for harmonization
>Anyway, different weights should be accepted on
a regional or local basis
34
12
ICDS12
Thank You
DS
for
Your Attention
LNE
C
IC
arlindo@lnec.pt
35

K 7 AGoncalves

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Deskripsi Asli:

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

K 7 AGoncalves

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

12

Increased social needs for

Higher demand of raw

meeting the needs of the present generation without

compromising the ability of future generations to meet

(Brundtland Commission, 1987)

ability of a system to be maintained for the present and

an enduring, balanced approach to

responsibility and social progress

Sustainability was firstly addressed from an

SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

>Construction sector plays an important role in

>Building construction industry:

Consumes 40% of the materials entering the global

Generates 4050% of the global output of GHG

Produces about 1/3 of the world waste.

Sustainability is relevant for construction sector!

SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

choice and application

the production technologies

sustainable over the 3 dimensions

SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

SUSTAINABILITY AND CONSTRUCTION

>Apply a stringent control of execution

Good indoor air quality

Design for disassembly

Use of materials easily recycled.

>Assessment based on a life cycle approach

products at factory gate could

management costs in the medium term.

products with very high

production costs may never be recovered

After a product leaves the factory, the life cycle

assessment requires the establishment of reliable

scenarios (application, utilization, end-use).

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential

Selecting relevant impact categories.

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

Compilation and evaluation of the inputs, outputs and potential

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

>The goal of the assessment shall be clearly defined:

the result against a established target value

>The system boundary shall be identified

cycle stages that are included

and outputs to be considered

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

>To compare solutions they must fulfill the same

products, a Functional Unit

is used to quantify their

EXAMPLE: The total amount of binder per m3 concrete

necessary to deliver 1MPa of strength and 1 year of service life

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

>To compare solutions qualified data are required

(to level normal fluctuations over time and sites)

correlated (less than 3 years old)

correlated (area under study)

correlated (data from the factory)

LIFE CYCLE INVENTORY

>Data scatter on cement production

>Generic data - Databases

LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT

LIFE CYCLE IMPACT ASSESSMENT