A.

Chapter 20
1. In tabulated form, compare and contrast the organisms given below with
respect to the following:
AEROMONAS
MICROSCOPI
C
MORPHOLOG
Y

COLONY
MORPHOLOG
Y

Straight rods,
single polar
flagellum, gram
negative

Large round,
raised, opaque
colonies with an
entire edge and a
smooth, mucoid
surface

PLESIOMONAS
SHIGELLOIDES
Straight, gram
negative bacilli
that occur singly,
in pairs, or in short
chains, or in
filamentous forms.
Dont form spores
or capsules and
are motile.

Shiny, opaque,
nonhemolytic
colonies appear
with a slightly
raised center and
a smooth and
entire edge.

CAMPYLOBACTER
Curved, nonspore-forming,
gram negative
rods.
Enteric
campylobacters
may appear as
long spirals, S
shapes, or seagullwing shapes.
darting motility
on hanging drop
preparations
C. jejuni & other
enteric
Campylobacter
- Moist, runny
looking,
spreading.
- nonhemolytic,
some are round,
and raised and
others may be
flat.
C. fetus subsp.
fetus
-smooth, convex
and translucent
colonies

BIOCHEMICA
L REACTIONS

Ubiquitous
oxidase- positive
Glucose
fermenting

Oxidative- positive

Asacchrolytic

Glucose
fermenting

Oxidative- positive

HELICOBACTER
PYLORI
Appears similar
to
Campylobacters,
but one ultrastructural study
has shown that
Helicobacter has
multiple flagella
at one pole,
unlike the single
polar flagellum
of
campylobacters.

SPECIAL
CULTURE
MEDIA

Sheep blood agar

Nonselective
media
- SBA
- CHOC agar

Enriched selective
agar
-CAMPY-BAP
Contain
Brucella agar
base, 10% sheep
RBCs, and
combination of
antimicrobials.
-Butzler medium &
Skirrows medium

-CHOC agar
- Brucella agar
with 5% horse
RBCS
- Skirrows
medium.

EPIDEMIOLO
GY

Distributed in
freshwater,
estuarine, and
marine
environment.

Found in the fresh

and estuarine
waters of tropical
and subtropical
climates.

Isolated from retail

produce sources,
and animal meat
products.

Distributed among
both warm and
cold blooded
animals.

Responsible for a
diverse spectrum
of disease
syndromes among
a variety of warm
and cold blooded
animals.

Potential cause of
enteric disease in
humans.

-Caused abortion
in domestic
animals, such as
cattle, sheep, and
swine.
-C. jejuni is
common cause of
bacterial
gastroenteritis.
-Transmission is
through direct
contact by
exposure to
animals and
handling infected
pets, and
indirectly by the
consumption of
contaminated
water and dairy
products and
improperly cooked
poultry. Person to
person
transmission has
been reported,
and some
Campylobacter
spp. are also
sexually
transmitted.
-C.fetus subsp.

-H.pylori has
been identified
in gastric ulcer
patients.
- strogly
associated w/
gastric, peptic,
and duodenal
ulcers as well as
w/
gastrointestinal
carcinoma.

fetus has been

isolated from
blood culture and
is rarely
associated with
gastrointestinal
illness.
CLINICAL
INFECTIONS

-Intestinal
infections
- Diarrheal
-Extraintestinal
infections
- Septicemia,
- Meningitis
- Wound
infection

-Gastroenteritis
-Extraintestinal
infection
- Bacteremia
- Meningitis
- Peritonitis

Campylobacter
- Diarrheal disease
- Guillain-Barre
syndrome

SPECIMEN
COLLECTION

- C. fetus subsp.
fetus can be
recovered in blood
culture media.
- Campylobacter
spp. that causes
enteric illness is
isolated from stool
samples and
rectal swabs, the
less-preferred
specimen.

SPECIMEN
TRANSPORT

Campylobacter
spp.
- Cary- Blair can
be used to
maintain the
viability of the
organisms if a
delay in
processing is
anticipated.

H. pylori
Gastric infections
- Type B gastritis
H. cinaedi, H.
fenneliae, H.
canadensis, &
H.canis
- human
gastroenteritis
- H. pylori can be
recovered from
gastric biopsy
materials.

H. pylori
- Samples must
be transported
quickly to the
laboratory.
- Stuart medium
can be used to
maintain the
viability of the
organisms if a
delay in
processing is
anticipated.
- tissue samples

may also be
placed in
cysteine-Brucella
broth w/ 20%
glycerol and
frozen at -70 C

2. Case study
a.) What are the characteristic clinical symptoms of cholera?
The disease manifest in acute cases as a severe gastroenteritis accompanied
by vomiting followed by diarrhea. The stools produced by patients with cholera
are described as rice-water, and the number of stools, w/c are watery and
contain numerous flecks of mucus, may be as many as 10 to 30 per day.
b.) What is the most important virulence factor in the disease? What other
virulence factor have been described? What are the modes of their action?
Vibrio cholera O1 is the most important virulence factor in the disease. The
other
c.) How did this patient acquire this infection? How does this situation differ from
the acquisition of infections caused by V. parahaemolyticus or V. vulnificus?
d.) How can cholera be controlled in areas where infection is endemic?