Cepat menguasai passive Voice

Author Muhamad Nurdin Maret - 08 - undefined

Home E. Bhs inggris Cepat menguasai passive Voice
heloooo,,,, Bagi teman teman yang mau belejar tenses yang jumlahnya 16 sekarang tinggal
lihat saja rumus rumus beserta contohnya yang sudah tersedia di bawah ini

PRESENT TENSES*Rumus:
1) Positif (+) = S+V1(es/s)+O2) Negatif (-) = S+Do/does+Not+V1+O3) Introgatif(?)
=Do/does+S+V1+O
*Example:1. (+) He writes a letter every month(-) He doesnt writes a letter every month(?)
Dors he writes a letter every month?2. (+) She teaches English every week
(- ) She doesnt teaches English every week
(?) Does she teaches English every week?
3.(+) They studys matematic every day
(- ) They dont studys matematic every day
(?) Do they studys matematic every day?
4.(+) She works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(- ) She doesnt works in the office every Monday to Saturday
(?) Does she works in the office every Monday to Saturday?
5.(+) They go to Jakarta every years
(- ) They dont go to Jakarta every years
(? ) Do they go to Jakarta every years?
B.FUNGSI PRESENT TENSES1. Dilakukan untuk melakukan perbuatan kebiasaan:Ex:(+)
He is works every day(-) He is not works every day(?) Is he works every day?
2. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kebenaran umum:
Ex:(+) A week has seven day

(-) A week has not seven day

(?) Has a week seven day?
C. Time Signal1. UsuallyEx: I usually get up at 5 oclock2. AlwaysEx: I always drink milk
3. Often
Ex: I often goes to my grand mother house
4. Generally
Ex: A rectangular has four corner
5. Seldom
Ex: She seldom goes to school by car
2. PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif : S+V.ing+O2. Negatif :
S+do/does+not+V1+O3. Introgatif : Do/does +S+V1+O
*Example:1. (+) I am teaching English at the first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2(-) I am not
teaching English at the first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2(?) Am I teaching Englidh at the
first grade of SMK IMMANUEL 2?2. (+) you are writing present continous now
(-) you are not writing present continous now
(?) are you writing present continous now?
3. (+) we are learning tenses now
(-) we are not learning tenses now
(?) are we learning tenses now?
4. (+) I am going to school now
(-) I am not going to school now
(?) Am I going to school now?
5. (+) John and James are running now
(-) John and James are not running now
(?) are john and james running now?
B. FUNGSI PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSEa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan
yang sedang terjadiEx: (+) I am going to Jakarta Now(-) I am not going to Jakarta now(?) Am
I going to Jakarta now?

b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang bersifat sementara

Ex: (+) Purba is writing now but he will explain soon
(-) Purba is not writing now but he will explain soon
(?) Is Purba writing now but he will explain soon?
C.TIME SIGNAL1. TodayEx : Iam today teaching English2. Right nowEx : Rini is working
right now
3. When
Ex : Rina is coming hear when I go to park
4. Now
Ex : Roy is going to Bandung now
5. Still
Ex : He is still angry to me
3. PAST TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+) : S+V2+ONegatif (-) : S+Did not+V2+OIntrogatif
(?): Did+S+V2+O
*Example:1. (+) Sarah invite me last week(-) Sarah did not invite last week(?) Did Sarah
invite last week?2. (+) I went to Jakarta yesterday
(-) I went not to Jakarta yesterday
(?) went I to Jakarta yesterday?
3. (+) You watch tv last week
(-) You did not watch tv last week
(?) Did you watch tv last week?
4. (+) I wrote letter to her last week
(-) I wrote not letter her last week
(?) Wrotw I letter her last week?
5. (+) It rain since at five oclock
(-) It did not rain since at five oclock

(?) Did it rain since at five oclock?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian
yang dimulai dan kejadian ituberakhir , pada masa yang lampau. Dan sampai sekarang ini ,
sudah tidak ada hubungannya lagi. Kejadian yang lampau itu, baik dilakukan secara berkalikali atau sekali.Ex: (+) I went yesterday(-) I did not went yesterday(?) Did I went yesterday?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. Last YearEx: I went to Yogjakarta last year2. YesterdayEx: Dini went to
my home yesterday
3. Last Week
Ex: I fineshed my worked lasr week
4. Ago
Ex: She taught English three days ago
5. Last Saturday
Ex: I went to here last Saturday
4. PAST CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+was/were+vVing+O2. Negatif (-):
S+was/were+not+v.ing+o3. introgatif (?): was/were+S+v.ing+o
*Examp;e:1. (+)The third year student were sitting behind the teachers now yesterday(-) The
third year student were not sitting behind the teachers now yesrterday(?) Were the third year
student sitting behind the teachers now yesterday?2. (+) He was playing football yesterday
(-) He was not playing football yesterday
(?) was he playing football yesterday?
3. (+) They were working in the office yesterday
(-) They were not working in the office yesterday
(?) Were they working in the office yesterday?
4. (+) Tuti was reading a novel when I come yesterday
(-) Tuti was not reading a novel when I come yesterday
(?) was Tuti reading a novel when I come yesterday?
5. (+) They were studying Biologi at ten Oclock last Friday
(-) They were not studying Biologi at ten oclock last Friday
(?) were they studying Biologi at temn oclock last Friday?

B. FUNGSI PENGGUNAAN PAST CONTINOUS TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan

dua kejadian yang sedang berlangsungdalam waktu yang bersamaan di masa yang
lampau.Ex: (+) I was going to garden when it began to rain(-) I was not going to garden when
it began to rain(?) Was I going to garden when it gegan to rain?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung pada masa yang
lampau.
Ex: (+) at three oclock last week, She was reading
(-) at three oclock last week,She was not reading
(?) at three oclock last week,was she reading?
c. Bentuk ini, juga digunakan untuk menyatakan dua kejadian yang bersamaan waktu dan
berlangsung lama pada masa yang lampau.
Ex: (+) I was reading a book, while Ani writing a letter
(-) I was not reading a book,while Ani writing a letter
(?) Was I reading a book,while Ani writing a letter?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. Last WeekEx: at seven oclock last week2. YesterdayEx: all day
yesterday
5. SIMPLE FUTURE TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+shall+/will+V1+O2. Negatif(-):
S+shall/will+not+V1+O3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+V1+O
*Example:1. (+) He will go to Pasir Panjang tomorrow morning(-) He will not go to Pasir
Panjang tomorrow morning(?) Will he go to pasir Panjang tomorrow morning?2. (+) I shall
study hard next mounth
(-) I shall not study hard next mounth
(?) Shall I study hard next mounth?
3. (+) I am go to Singkawang tomorrow
(-) I am not go to Singkawang tomorrow
(?) Am I ga to Sngkawang tomorrow?
4. (+) She will write this lesson next week
(-) She will not write this lesson next week
(?) will She write this lesson next week?

B. FUNGSI SIMPLE FUTURE TENSESa. digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan

yang akan dilakukan.Ex: (+) I shall go to Surakarta tomorrow(-) I shall not go to Surakarta
tomorrow(?) Shall I go to Surakarta tomorrow?
b. Juga bisa digunakan untuk menyatakan syatu janji.
Ex: (+) I shall give you book tomorrow
(-) I shall not give you book tomorrow
(?) Shall I give you book tomorrow?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu janji,tapi dengan syarat:
Ex: (+) Your mother will give you a new car if you past your exams
(-) Your mother will not give you a new car if you past your exams
(?) Will your mother give you a new car if you past your exams?
d. Digunakan untuk menyantksan meminta tolong kepada seseorang.
Ex: (+) you will help me lift this table
(-) You will not help me lift this table
(?) Will you help me lift this table?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. TomorrowEx: I shall work tomorrow2. next weekEx: I shall teach next
week
3. Next Mounth
Ex: He will study in here next mounth
6. PAST FUTURE TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+should/would+V1+O2. Negatif (-):
S+should/would+not+V1+O3. Introgatif (?): Should/would+S+V1+O
*Example:1. (+) I should go to Mojosari next day(-) I should not go to Mojosari next day(?)
Should I go to Mojosari next day?2. (+) He would by a car the day before
(-) He would not by a car the day before
(?) Would He by a car the day before?
3. (+) He would come if you invited him
(-) He would not come if you invited him
(?) Would he come if you invited him?

4. (+) You would give me this pen last Saturday

(-) You would not give me this pen last Saturday
(?) Would you give me this pen last Saturday?
5. (+) She would have breakfast before at seven
(-) She would not have breakfast before at seven
(?) Would she have breakfast before at seven?
B. FUNGSI PAST FUTURE TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang
akan dilakukan pada masa lampau.Ex: (+) I should go to England last year(-) I should not go
to England last year(?) Should I go to England last year?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. Last yearEx: He would go to Semarang last year2. Last weekEx: They
would trip a Paris last week
3. Before
Ex: I should by a car the day before
4. Next day
Ex: She should go to Riau next day
5. Invited
Ex: They would come if you invited him
7. PRESENT PERFECT TENSES*Rumus:1. Posituf (+) : S+have/has+V3+O2. Negatif (-) :
S+have/has+not+V3+O3. Introgatif (?): Have/has+S+V3+O
*Example:1. (+) We have learned English for two years(-) We have not learned English for
two years(?) Have we learned English for two years?2. (+) She has taught English since 1988
(-) She has not taught English since 1988
(?) Has she taught English since 1988?
3. (+) He has been to Jakarta before
(-) He has not been to Jakarta before
(?) Has he been to Jakarta before?
4. (+) He has a written a letter for thirty minutes

(-) He has not a written a letter for thirty minutes

(?) Has he a written a letter for thirty minutes?
5. (+) I have just spoken to him
(-) I have not just spoken to him
(?) Have I just spoken to him?
B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu kejadian
di masa yang lampau tanpa menyebutkan waktu yang khusus (tertentu).Ex: (+) I have gone to
school(-) I have not gone to school(?) Have I gone to school?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan di masa lampau dan kegiatan masih
berlangsung sampai saat ini.
Ex: (+) I have learned in the Immanuel school since 2000
(-) I have not learned in the Immanuel school since 2000
(?) Have I learned in the Immanuel school since 2000?
c. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang baru saja telah terjadi.
Ex: (+) I have just read my book
(-) I have not just read my book
(?) Have I just read my book?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. AlreadyEx: have had breakfast already2. Three TimesEx: I have been
drink medicine three times a day
3. Finally
Ex: finally, He has started to finally
8. PAST PERFECT TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+had+V3+O2. Negatif (-): S+had
not+V3+o3. Intrigattif (?):Had+S+V3+O
*Example:1. (+) The train had left before I arrived(-) The train had not left before I arrived(?)
Had the train left before I arrived?2. (+) I had copied the lesson before she come home
(-) I had not copied the lesson before she come home
(?) Had I copied the lesson before she come home?
3. (+) I had come home before I week three

(-) I had not come home before I week three

(?) Had I come home before I week three?
4. (+) I had written this lesson before he called me
(-) I had not written a lesson before he called me
(?) Had I written a lesson before he called me?
5. (+) When my brother arrived, I had painted my car
(-) When my brother arrived, I had not painted my car
(?) When my brother arrived, had I painted my car?
B. FUNGSI PAST PERFECT TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan kejadian yang selesai
sebelum kejadian lain terjadi dimasa lampau.Ex: (+) I had come home before I when three(-)
I had not come home before I when three(?) Had I come home before I when three?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi sebelum waktu tertentu dimasa
yang lampau.
Ex: (+) By the end of the mounth, she had lived here
(-) By the end of the mounth, she had not lived here
(?) Had by the end of the mounth, she lived here?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. OnEx: On sunday morning, I painted my car2. WhenEx: When my
brother arrived, I had painted my car
3. Before
Ex: The train had left before I arrived
4. After
Ex: She told me her name after I had asked her twice
9. FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+shall/will+be+Ving+O2.
Negatif (-): S+shall/will+not+be+Ving+O3. Introgatif (?): Shall/will+S+be+ving+O
*Example:1. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this station at four(-) I shall not be waiting for
you in this station at four(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this station at four?2. (+) I shall be
studying at this time tomorrow
(-) I shall not be studying at this time tomorrow
(?) Shall I be studying at this time tomorrow?

3. (+) I shall be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening
(-) I shall not be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening
(?) Shall I be waiting for you in this airport at three oclock tomorrow evening?
4. (+) He will be working at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not be working at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he be working at this time tomorrow?
5. (+) She will going to be school together at seven oclcok tomorrow
(-) She will not going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow
(?) Will she going to be school together at seven oclock tomorrow?
B.FUNGSI FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu rencana,
yang dilaksanakan mendatang.Ex: (+) I will be going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow(-) I will
not going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow(?) Will I going to Pantai Prambanan tomorrow?
b. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan akan dilakukan dengan waktu tertentu, pada masa
mendatang.
Ex: (+) I shall be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow
(-) I shall not be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow
(?) Shall I be writing a letter at seven oclock tomorrow?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. At nine a oclock tomorrowEx: I shall be working at nine a oclock
tomorrow morning2. At this time next yearEx: at this time next year, Peter will be traveling in
Japan
10. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+):
S+have/has+been+Ving+O2. Negatif (-): S+have/has+not+been+Ving+O3. Itrogatif (?):
Have/has+S+been+Ving+O
*Example:1. (+) I have been going to Pantai Samudra for my holiday since 2002(-) I have not
going to Painting Samudra for my holiday since 2002(?) Have I going to Pantai Samudra for
my holiday since 2002?2. (+) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has been teaching at SMK
IMMANUEL 2 since 2003
(-) Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak has not been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 since 2003
(?) Has Mr.Burhanudin Simanjuntak been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 since 2003?
3. (+) She has been painting every day for a long time

(-) She has not painting every day for a long time
(?) Has she painting every day or along time?
4. (+) It has been raining since at six oclock
(-) It has not been raining since at six oclock
(?) Has it been raining since at six oclock?
5. (+) The girl has been crying since he was a child
(-) The girl has not been crying since he was a child
(?) Has the girl been crying since has was a child?
B. FUNGSI PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSESa. Digunakan untuk mnyatakan
suatu perbuatan yang menjadi kebiasaan pada masa yang lampau, dan perbuatan itu masih
berlangsung hingga saat ini.Ex: (+) I have been going to my grandmother home for my
holiday since 1990(-) I have not been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since
1990(?) Have I been going to my grandmother home for my holiday since 1990?
b. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang telah terjadi dimasa lampau dan akan
berlangsung sampiai sekarang.
Ex: (+) I have been studying here since 2000
(-) I have not been studying here since 2000
(?) Have I been studying here since 2000?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. SinceEx: We have been waiting for you since ne oclock2. ForEx: She
has been studying English for over five tears
3. This mounth
Ex: I have been studying at his place this mounth
11. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+had+been+vVng+O2.
Negatif (-) :S+had+not+been+Ving+O3. Introgatif (?): Had+s+been+ving+o
*Example:1. (+) Dodi had been looking for the girl for a year before he applied her(-) Dodi
had not been looking for the girl for a year before heapplied her(?) Had Dodi been looking
for the girl for a year before he applied her?2. (+) I had been playing a football when they
came
(-) I had not been playing a football when they came
(?) Had I been playing a football when they came?

3. (+) She had been cooking a vegetable when he came

(-) She had not been cooking a vegetable when he came
(?) had she been cooking a vegetable when he came?
4. (+) When I came, his father had been leaving for six hours
(-) When I came, his father had not been leaving for six hours
(?) When I came, had his father been leaving for six hours?
5. (+) I had been waiting for you since at seven oclock
(-) I had not been waiting for you since at seven oclock
(?) Had I been waiting for you since at seven oclock?
B. FUNGSI PASTPERFECT CONTINOUS TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
kejadian yang berlangsung lamasebelum kejadian yang lain di masa yang lampau juga.Ex:
(+) I had been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet(-) I had not been looking
for the Ichigo for two week before we meet
(?) Had I been looking for the Ichigo for two week before we meet?
C. TIME SIGNAL
1. When
Ex: I finished my dinner, Peter had been
12. FUTURE PERFECT TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+): S+will/shall+have+V3+O2. negatif
(-) : S+will/shall+not+have+V3+O3. Introgatif (?): Will/shall+S+have+V3+O
*Example:1. (+) She will have written his lesson by time he go out(-) She will not have
written his lesson by time he go out(?) Will she have written his lesson by time he go out?2.
(+) The game will finished by the time he get three
(-) The game will not finished by the time he get three
(?) Will the game finished by the time he get three?
3. (+) I shall have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow
(-) I shall not have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow
(?) Shall I have written a letter by eight oclock tomorrow?
4. (+) We shall have played a basketball when he came

(-) We shall not have played a basketball when he came

(?) Shall we have played a basketball when he came?
5. (+) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will have left my house
(-) When my uncle comes tomorrow, my grandmother will not have left my house
(?) When my uncle comes tomorrow, will my grandmother have left my house?
B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu perbutan
yang akan selesai, Sebelum waktu yang lain dimasa mendatang.Ex: (+) By next week he will
have read this book(-) By next week he will not have read this book(?) Will by next week he
have read trhis book?
b. Juga digunakan untuk menyatakan suatu peristiwa akn selesai sebelum perbuatan lain,
dimasa yang akan datang.
Ex: (+) When I comes, my uncle will have left my house
(-) When I comes,my uncle will not have left my house
(?) Will when I comes,my uncle have left my house?
C.TIME SIGNAL1. By the end ofEx: John will have done his work by the end of this week2.
By nextEx: By next week he will have read this book
13. FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+):
S+shall/will+have+been+Ving+O2. Negatif (-): S+shall+will+not+have+been+Ving+O3.
Introgatif (?):Shall/will+S+have+been+Ving+O
*Example:1. (+) I shall have been writing a letter at this time tomorrow(-) I shall not have
been writing a letter at this time tomorrow(?) Shall I have been writing a letter at this time
tomorrow?2. (+) By next fast day I shall have been teaching here six mounths
(-) By next fast day I shall not have been teaching here six mounths
(?) By next fast day shall I have been teaching here six mounths?
3. (+) Next moon Hevy will have been studying here for two years
(-) Next moon Hevy will not have been studying here for two years
(?) Next moon will Hevy have been studying here for two years?
4. (+) Next week Bu Yusni will have been teaching at SMK IMMAMUEL 2 school for one
years
(-) Next week Bu Yusni will not have been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 school for one

year
(?) Next week will Bu Yusni have been teaching at SMK IMMANUEL 2 school for one year?
5. (+) He will have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(-) He will not have been working in the office at this time tomorrow
(?) Will he have been working in the office at this time tomorrow?
B. FUNGSI FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSESa. Digunakan untuk menyatakan
suatu kejadian yang sudah dikerakan pada masa yang lampau,dan masih berlangsung pada
waktu tertentu dimasa yang akan datang.Ex: By the end of this year we shall have been
studying Jerman for five year
C. TIME SIGNAL1. By the end of this yearEx: by the end of this year we shall have been
studying Jerman for four year2. By the end of this monthEx: By the end of this month, I shall
have been working in this office for five years
14. FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+be+Ving+O2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+be+V.ing+O3. Introgatif
(?): Should/would+S+be+V.ing+O
*Example:1. (+) I should be finishing this home work at this time following week(-) I should
not be finishing this home work at this time following week(?) Should I be finishing this
home work at this time following week?2. (+) We should be going to beach the following
week
(-) We should not be going to beach the following week
(?) Should we be going to beach the following week?
3. (+) He would be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(-) He would not be flag ceremony at this time the following day
(?) Would he be flag ceremony at this time the following day?
4. (+) She would be finishing this job at this time following moon
(-) She would not be finishing this job at this time following moon
(?) Would she be finishing this job at this time following moon?
5. (+) They would be having examination at this time the following year
(-) They would not be having examination at this time the following year
(?) Would they be having examination at this time the following year?

B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST CONTINOUS TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu

kejadian yang akan sedang dilakukan pada masa yang lampau.Ex: I should be taking an
examination at this time the following day
C. TIME SIGNALLast weekEx: At six oclock last week, I should be buying in this
supermarket
15. FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+have+V2+O2. Negatif (-): S+should/would+not+have+V2+O3. Introgatif
(?): Should/would+S+not+have+V2+O
*Example:1. (+) I should have paif if I had come here(-) I should not have paif if I had come
here(?) Should I have paif if I had come here?2. (+) He would have sucses if he had worked
here
(-) He would not have sucses if he had worked here
(?) Would he have sucses if he had worked here?
3. (+) She would have graduated if she had studied hard
(-) She would not have graduated if she had studied hard
(?) Would she have graduated if she had studied hard?
4. (+) I hoped that you would have married before you worked here
(-) I hoped not that you would have married before you worked here
(?) Would I hoped that you have married before you worked here?
5. (+) I hoped that you would have paif before you come here
(-) I hoped not that you would have paif before you come here
(?) Would I hoped that you have paif before you come hare?
B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
pengandaian yang tidak mungkin terjadi karena syarat yang tidak terpenuhi, namun hanya
sebagai bayangan saja.Ex: (+) He would have graduated if he had studied hard(-) He would
not have graduated if he had studied hard(?) Would he have graduated if he had studied hard?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. If he had studied hardEx: They would have graduated if they had
studied hard
16. FUTURE PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSES*Rumus:1. Positif (+):
S+should/would+have+been+V.ing+O2. Negatif (-):
S+should/would+not+have+been+V.ing+O3. Inttrogatif (?):
Should/would+S+have+been+V.ing+O

*Example:1. (+) By last Febuary I should have been working this restaurant for one year(-)
By last Febuary I should not have been working this restaurant for one year(?) should by last
Febuary I have been working this restaurant for one year?2. (+) By last July we should have
been studying this school for three years
(-) By last July we should not have been studying this school for three year
(?) Should by last July we have been studying this school for three years?
3. (+) By last fast day he would have been living this apartement for five years
(-) By last fast day he would not have been living this apartement for five years
(?) Would by last fast day he have been living this apartement for five years?
4. (+) She would have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(-) She would not have been teaching English for one years by last Friday
(?) Would she have been teaching English for one years by last Friday?
5. (+) The magazine would have been red by Anis
(-) The magazine would not have been red by Anis
(?) Would the magazine have been red by Anis?
B. FUNGSI FUTURE PAST PERFECT TENSESDigunakan untuk menyatakan suatu
kejadian yang sudah sedang berlangsung pada waktu yang lampau.Ex: (+) By last Christmas I
should have been working in that office for five years(-) By last Christmas I should not have
been working in that office for five years(?) Should by last Christmas I have been working in
that office for five years?
C. TIME SIGNAL1. By the end of this weekEx: By the ed of this week, I should have come
here2. By the end of this mounthEx: By the end of this mounth, He would have graduated
studied
E. Bhs inggris

Cara Cepat Belajar Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech)

Start here

About

Penjelasan Direct dan Indirect Speech (Reported Speech) - Direct dan

Indirect Speech merupakan materi grammar bahasa Inggris yang banyak
diajarkan di jenjang SMP dan SMA. Direct dan Indirect Speech atau yang biasa
disebut Reported Speech ini menjadi langganan bentuk soal yang sering keluar
di UN baik untuk SMP dan SMA.
Atas dasar begitu pentingnya materi Direct dan Indirect Speech ini, maka pada
kesempatan kali ini penulis memberikan penjelasan mengenai Direct dan Inderct
tersebut dengan lengkap kepada pengunjung sekalian. Semoga bermanfaat.
Direct dan Indirect Speech
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada
beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya perubahan struktur
kalimat, tensis, pronoun (kata ganti orang), keterangan waktu dan tempat
(Adverbs of time and place).
Sebelum melangkah jauh ke sub-pembahasan tersebut di atas, alangkah baiknya
ada juga mengerti tentang apa yang dimaksud Reporting
Speech dan Reported Speech.Reporting Speech adalah bagian dalam kalimat
direct speech yang di tandai oleh tanda petik () dan di akhiri oleh tanda petik
().

He said, I have a present for you in my bag.

He asked me, why do you come late.

Sedangkan Reported Speech adalah baigan awal dari kalimat direct speech.

He said, I have a present for you in my bag.

He asked me, why do you come late.

Untuk itu, pada artikel ini penulis sengaja membagi beberpa sub-penjelasan
mengenai direct dan indirect speech berdasakan perubahan-perbuahan di atas.

1. Perubahan Stuktur kalimat

Jika kita lihat pada kalimat direct speech, terdapat ciri-ciri yang identik yaitu
terdapat tanda petik (). Tada petik tersebut merupakan cara yang sering
digunakan untuk membedakan mana yang direct atau yang indirect.
Ketika klimat direct speech tersebut dirubah menjadi kalimat indirect speech,
tanda petik tersebut pun dihilangkan atau digantikan dengan kata that atau
to (untuk kalimat perintah). Misalnya:
No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

He said, I have a present for you in He said that he had a present for me
my bag.
in his bag.

02

He asked me, why do you come

late.

He asked me why I came late.

03 He orderd me, dont bring a bag.

He ordered me to didnt bring a bag.

Perubahan struktur kalimat juga terjadi jika pada direct speech menggunakan
kalimat tanya, maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif (berita).
Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan kalimat tanya yes-no question
maka akan dirubah menjadi if/whether. Contohnya:
N
Direct Speech
o

Indirect Speech

01

They asked me, Do you want to

join us to play football?

They asked me if/whether I want to join

them to play football.

02

He asked me, Does she want to

mary me?

He asked me if/whether she wants to

mary her.

Untuk kalimat direct speech yang menggunakan 5W1H question (Why, Who,
What, When, WHere, How), maka akan dirubah menjadi kalimat afirmatif dengan
cara sebagai berikut:
No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 He asked me, why do you come late?

He asked me why you came late.

02 He asked me, what does she eat?

He asked me what she ate.

03 He asked me, when did you come?

He asked me when I came.

04 He asked me, who are you?

He asked me who I was.

05 He asked me, who is she?

He asked me who she was.

2. Perubahan Tensis (Tenses)

Seperti yang dijelaskan dimuka, perbuahan dari direct ke indirect juga

mempengaruhi tensis yang digunakan. Kebanyakan siswa sulit memahami
perubahan yang satu ini. Untuk itu, penulis sengaja membuatkan tabel
perubahan tensis agar mudah dimengerti.
Di bawah ini adalah tabel Perubahan Tenses dari direct speech ke indirect
speech.
No

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

Simple Present

Simple Past

02

Present Continuous

Past Continuous

03

Present Future

Past Future

04

Present Perfect

Past Perfect

05

Present Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

06

Simple Past

Past Perfect

07

Past Continuous

Past Perfect Continuous

Atau bisa lebih dipermudah dengan tabel berikut di bawah ini, yaitu:
No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 V1 (eat)

V2 (ate)

02 V2 (ate)

Had + V3 (had eaten)

03 Am/is/are

Was/were

04 Do/does

Did

05 Do/does not

Did not

06 Did not

Had not + V3

07 Was/were

Had been

08 Am/is/are + V-ing

Was/were + V-ing

09 Was/were +V-ing

Had been + V-ing

10 Has/have + V3

Had + V3

11 Will/shall/can/may/must

Would/should/could/might/had to

12

Could/might/should/would +
V1/be

Could/might/should/would + have+
V3/been

3. Perubahan Pronoun
Perubahan pronoun dan possessive tergantung kepada sabjek dan objek yang
dipakai di direct speech (kalimat langsung) yang tentunya mempengaruhi
perubahan pronoun pada indirect speech (kalimat tidak langsung).
o

Kata ganti orang pertama (I dan We) pada reporting speech (lihat
penjelasan di awal) berubah sesuai subjek yang ada di reproted
speech.

No Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01 He said, I am busy.

He said that he was busy.

02 She said, I am unwell.

She said that she was unwell.

03 I said, I will be late.

I said that I would be late.

04 They said, We will not permit this.

They said that they would not permit

that.

We said, We need to buy some

clothes.

We said that we needed to buy some

clothes.

05

Kata ganti orang kedua (You) di reporting speech pada direct

speech berubah sesuai objek pada reported speech.

No Direct Speech
01

Indirect Speech

He said to me, You have to come with

me.

He told me that I had to go with

him.

02 She said to me, You can go.

She told me that I could go.

03 She said to him, You can go.

She told him that he could go.

Kata ganti orang ketiga (He, she, it dan they) pada direct speech
tidak mengalami perubahan ketika dirubah ke indirect speech.

N
Direct Speech
o

Indirect Speech

01 He said, She is a good girl.

He said that she was a good girl.

02 She said, They have invited us.

She said that they had invited them.

03

They said, He does not have the

necessary qualifications.

They said that he did not have the

necessary qualifications.

4. Perubahan Keterangan waktu dan tempat (Adverbs of time and place)

Tidak cuma itu, dalam perubahan dari direct speech ke indirect speech juga
mempengaruhi adverbs khusunya adverb of time (keterangan waktu) dan adverb
of place (keterangan tempat). Untuk itu anda wajib memahami tabel di bawah
ini.
No

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

01

Now

Then

02

To day

That day

03

Tomorrow

The next day

The day after
The following day
A day later

04

Next

The after
The following

05

Last

The before
The Previous

06

ago

before
earlier

07

Yesterday

The day before

The previous day
The preceeding day

08

The day before yesterday

Two day before

09

Here

There

10

This

That

11

These

Those

Di bawah ini adalah contoh-contoh direct dan indirect speech untuk menambah
pemahaman mengenai penjelasan di atas.
Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

(+ He said, I have a present for you in my He said that he had a present for me
) bag.here
in his bag there.
(-)

He said, I do not have a present for

you in my bag

(? He asked, Do I have a present for you

) in my bag?

He said that he did not have a

present for me in his bag.
He asked me if/whether he had a
present for me in his bag.

(? He asked me, Why do I have to have

) a present for you in my bag?

He asked me why he had to have a

present for me in his bag.

(!)

He ordered/commanded me, Bring my He ordered/commanded me to bring

bag here now!
his bag there then.

(!)

He ordered me, Dont bring your bag

here!

He ordered me not to bring my bag

there.

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