Chua, John Joseph R.

2014-30936
Calculations
Concentration of the standardized HCl solution

mol primary standard 9.78 104

X
M HCl =
=
0.116 M
X Ladded titrant
8.47 103

Experimental Ksp and Molar Solubility based on Procedure C

2+

Ca

s= X

K sp=s ( 2 s ) =4 s =4 0.025 =6.83 10

Error =

|6.83 1056.5 106|

6.5 10

=950

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in Procedure D

2+

Ca

s= X

Ionic strength of the different KCl solutions in Procedure E

Ionic strength, for easier calculation in this ATQ, is represented by the function f(x,y) wherein
x is the concentration of Ca2+ ions and y is the concentration of OH- ions. (Data tabulated in
Excel, attached herewith)

f ( x , y)=

4 x+ y
2

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in Procedure E (Data tabulated in Excel, attached herewith)

2+
Ca

s= X

ATQ
1. Write the net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH)2 and give the Ksp
expression of the reaction.

a.

2+ +2OH
is the net ionic reaction for the precipitation of Ca(OH) 2
Ca(OH )2 Ca

and the Ksp expression is

2+
Ca

OH .

K sp=

2. What is the working equation for the determination of the [Ca2+] in the saturated
solution of Ca(OH)2?

a.

2+
Ca

(V
)(M titrant )
OH = added
(V analyte )

3. Write the Ksp of Ca(OH)2 in terms of its:

a. Molar solubility

i.

2+
Ca

OH
Let s=

K sp =s(2 s )2=4 s 3
b. [OH-]

i.

2+

Ca

OH

Since

OH

1
K sp=
2
c. [Ca2+]

i.

OH

2+
Ca
Since
2+
Ca

2
K sp=

4. Discuss the effects of common ion and increasing ionic strength on the solubility of
the Ca(OH)2 precipitate. Do they coincide with theoretical effects? Explain.
a. Theoretically, the addition of a common ion decreases the solubility of
Ca(OH)2 because there is addition of Ca2+ ion which, due to the Le Chateliers
Priniciple, directs the reaction to the formation of precipitate. In our data, the
solubility increased; this may be brought about by random error which is
made by wrong measurement of molarity, excessive titration, and
contaminated glassware, among others. Since Ionic strength is the measure of
ion concentration, higher values means higher solubility. The results have
coincided with the theoretical ones in ionic strength.
5. What are the possible sources of errors and their effect on the calculated
parameters? Rationalize.
a. Errors in standardization can cause a large error on all calculations as it is in
the concentration of the titrant everything is based. The assumption of the Ksp
at 25oC also increases the error in calculations, especially the relative error
itself because the experiment is not exposed in the said temperature.
References
http://www.titrations.info/acid-base-titration-sodium-hydroxide-and-carbonate
http://www.chemguide.co.uk/physical/acidbaseeqia/phcurves.html#top

Filtrate, L
HCl, L
[OH]
[Ca]
s
Ksp
s, X bar
Ksp, X bar
Ksp, Theo.
% Error

Determination of Ksp and Solubility of Ca(OH)2

Trial 1
Trial 2
0.05
0.05
0.0227
0.0219
0.052664
0.050808
0.026332
0.025404
0.026332
0.025404
7.30317E-05
6.55792E-05
0.025752
6.83114E-05
0.0000065
950.9438806

Filtrate, L
HCl, L
[OH]
[Ca]
s

Effect of Common Ions on the Solubility of Ca(OH)2

Trial 1
Trial 2
0.05
0.05
0.025
0.0239
0.058
0.055448
0.029
0.027724
0.029
0.027724

Trial 3
0.05
0.0232
0.053824
0.026912
0.026912

0.027878667
8.66714E-05
Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.010 M KCl
Trial 1
Trial 2

Trial 3

s, X bar
Ksp, X bar

Trial 3
0.05
0.022
0.05104
0.02552
0.02552
6.64817E-05

Filtrate, L
HCl, L
[OH]
[Ca]
s
Ksp
s, X bar

Filtrate, L
HCl, L
[OH]
[Ca]
s
Ksp
s, X bar

0.05
0.023
0.05336
0.02668
0.02668
7.59657E-05

0.05
0.0262
0.060784
0.030392
0.030392
0.000112289
0.027994667

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.050 M KCl

Trial 1
Trial 2
0.05
0.05
0.0255
0.02445
0.05916
0.056724
0.02958
0.028362
0.02958
0.028362
0.000103527
9.12579E-05
0.02871

0.05
0.0232
0.053824
0.026912
0.026912
7.79647E-05

Trial 3
0.05
0.0243
0.056376
0.028188
0.028188
8.95886E-05

Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.10 M KCl

Filtrate, L

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

0.05

0.05

0.05

HCl, L

0.0264

0.0259

0.0255

[OH]

0.061248

0.060088

0.05916

[Ca]

0.030624

0.030044

0.02958

0.030624

0.030044

0.02958

Ksp

0.00011488

0.000108476

0.000103527

s, X bar

0.030082667
Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.25 M KCl
Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

Filtrate, L

0.05

0.05

0.05

HCl, L

0.0284

0.0282

0.028

[OH]

0.065888

0.065424

0.06496

[Ca]

0.032944

0.032712

0.03248

0.032944

0.032712

0.03248

Ksp

0.000143017

s, X bar

0.000140017

0.000137059

0.032712
Solubility of Ca(OH)2 in 0.50 M KCl

Filtrate, L

Trial 1

Trial 2

Trial 3

0.05

0.05

0.05

HCl, L

0.0303

0.0298

0.0294

[OH]

0.070296

0.069136

0.068208

[Ca]

0.035148

0.034568

0.034104

0.035148

0.034568

0.034104

Ksp

0.000173685

0.000165228

0.000158663

s, X bar

0.034606667

[KCl]

Solubility

Ionic Strength

0.01

0.027994667

0.093984

0.05

0.02871

0.13613

0.1

0.030082667

0.190248

0.25

0.032712

0.348136

0.5

0.034606667

0.60382

0.7
0.6
0.5

f(x) = 0 exp( 265.87 x )

R = 0.99

0.4
Ionic Strength

0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.04
Solubility