2007
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Electric bell
switch
battery
spring
current
electromagnet
pulled by
electromagnet
contact point
contact screw
armature
hammer
gong
(b)
44
Magnetic relay
output
contact switch
fulcrum
input
armature
electromagnet
+
pulled by electromagnet
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Magnetic Field
45
behaves
like
a big
magnet
earth's magnetic
field
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Straight wire
+
(b)
current
Coil
+
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
46
(c)
Solenoid
I
+
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Direction of
current
N
Direction of
magnetic field
Direction of
magnetic field
I
current
magnetic
field
47
Battery
Direction of
magnetic field
S
X
Battery
current
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
M (magnetic field)
I (current)
F
F (force)
uniform field
from magnet
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
48
concentric field
by electric current
Force
stretching of magnetic
field to produce a force
light
conductor
I
F
I
north pole
wooden block
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Principle of Motor
A.C. MOTOR
Direction of turning
permanent
magnet
wire
coil
rotating slip-rings
A.C.
carbon
brushes
D.C. MOTOR
Direction of turning
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
49
permanent
magnet
wire coil
S
commutator
+
carbon
brush
rheostat
battery
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
FARADAYS LAW
Cutting the magnetic flux produces electric current
Movement of rod
wire
magnadur
magnet
metal
rod
G
I
Induced
current
galvanometer
50
Magnetic
field
M
I
Electric current
Motion
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Electromagnetic Induction
LENZS LAW
Same magnetic pole produced generates
a repulsive force
solenoid
push in
N
N
magnet
Induced
current
galvanometer
pull out
S
magnet
I
G
galvanometer
51
Induced
current
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Current Generator
A.C. GENERATOR
Turning
strong
magnet
A
N
B
slip-rings
Q
wire
coil
Load
P
carbon
brushes
Induced
e.m.f.
52
1
4
1
2
3
4
Number of
revolution
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Current Generator
D.C. GENERATOR
Turning
strong
magnet
S
A
NN
B
commutator
carbon
brush
wire
coil
Q
I
Load
direct
current
Induced
e.m.f.
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
53
1
4
1
2
3
4
Number of
revolution
1
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Transformer
Structure
Symbol
primary
primary
coil
laminated soft-iron
Np
secondary
coil
Ns
Is
800
200
Ip
Vp
Vs
A.C. input
A.C. output
Vp primary voltage
Vs secondary voltage
Np number of turns in
primary coil
Ns number of turns in
secondary coil
Ip primary current
Is secondary current
Principle of transformer
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
54
secondary
P = IpVp = IsVs
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Type of transformer
Step-up transformer
Vp
Np
Ns
Step-down transformer
Vs
Vp
Vs > Vp
Ns > Np
Np
Ns
Vs
Vs < V p
Ns < Np
power
station
55
step-up
transformer
power cable
at 33 kV
33 kV 11 kV
step-down
transformer
132 kV
33 kV
step-down transformer
11 kV
480 V
240 V
Local stations
11 kV
11 kV
240 V
Houses
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
pointer
linear scale
spring
rectangular
coil
I
N
semicircular
magnet
SS
soft-iron core
spring
D.C.
Radial field
Advantages
Sensitive
Linear scale
Can be adapted to become an
ammeter or a voltmeter
As an ammeter
56
Io
Io
As a voltmeter
I
(I- Io)
R
shunt
Ir
shunt R = VG = o
I- Io I- Io
Io R
Io
r
VR
VG
V
V-Ior
multiplier R = V-VG =
Io
Io
CHAPTER
Electromagnetism
Hot-wire meter
pointer
non-linear scale
silk thread
zero adjustor
platinum
wire
adjusting screw
A
I
B
I
shunt
Moving-iron meter
non-linear scale
Longman Project! Overhead Transparencies Physics Form 5
57
bearing
shaft
fine spring
pointer
movable iron plate
permanent
iron plate
solenoid
terminal T1
terminal T2
bearing