Pangaea Theory

The theory of Pangaea is that millions of years ago all the continents were joined
together in one enormous land mass known as Pangaea. Then for a reason that is still
not known for sure, the continents broke apart and began to drift in opposite directions.
The theory goes on to say that the continents will continue to drift until they meet again,
in a different configuration.
Where was Pangaea locate on the surface of the planet and what did it look like.
Pangaea is believed to have been situated around where current day Antarctica is now.
Pangaea started to break up into smaller supercontinents, called Laurasia and
Gondwanaland, during the Jurassic Period. By the end of the Cretaceous period, the
continents were separating into land masses that look like our modern-day continents.
An Austrian geologist stated that there had been once a land bridge connecting South
America, Africa, India, Australia, and Antarctica. He named this land mass
Gondwanaland. For how Pangaea looked, it is better shown through a picture, than
through words.
So, what is happening now with the continents. As we speak, the continents are
moving, they are always moving, how they move so slowly that you cant tell. Some of the
continents move merely 1.5 inches a year, while the others move with lightning speed of
2.5 inches per year. It's about as fast as your fingernails grow. Maybe a little bit slower,
(Scotese)". Still, over millions of years that minute movement will drive the continents
together.

The big question becomes, what will happen, what will be the effect of these
incredibly large masses running into each other. What few people know is that it's
already began. Africa has been slowly colliding with Europe for millions of years
(Scotese). "Italy, Greece and almost everything in the Mediterranean is part of (the
African plate), and it has been colliding with Europe for the last 40 million years." The
Alps and the Pyrenees mountains have been pushed up, and has been causing
earthquakes that occasionally strike Greek and Turkey. "The Mediterranean is the
remnant of a much larger ocean that has closed over the last 100 million years, and it will
continue to close," he said. "More and more of the plate is going to get crumpled and get
pushed higher and higher up, like the Himalayas." Australia is also likely to merge with
the Eurasian continent.

Australia is moving north, colliding with Southeast Asia. Soon, the left shoulder
of Australia will get caught, and then Australia will rotate and collide against Borneo and
south China, adding to Asia. Meanwhile, America will move further away from Africa and
Europe as the Atlantic grows. In the case of the widening Atlantic, geologists think that a
"subduction zone" will eventually form on either the east or west edges of the ocean. At a
subduction zone, the ocean floor dives under the edge of a continent and down into the
interior of the Earth. "The subduction zone turns out to be the most important part of the
system if you want to understand what causes the plates to move (Scotese)."

If a subduction zone starts on one side of the Atlantic -- Scotese thinks it will be
the west side -- it will start to slowly drag the sea floor into the mantle. If this happens,
the ridge where the Atlantic sea floor spreads would eventually be pulled into the Earth.
The widening would stop, and the Atlantic would begin to shrink. Tens of millions of
years later, the Americas would come smashing into the merged Euro-African continent,
pushing up a new ridge of Himalayan-like mountains along the boundary. At that point,
most of the world's landmass would be joined into a super-continent called "Pangaea
Ultima." The collision might also trap an inland ocean (Scotese).