Figure MR4.1. Computer numerical control (CNC) turning machine with 3-axis control
(Photograph from Haas Automation, Inc. California, USA)
Work Piece
Process
-parameters
Cutting Tools
Cutting Fluid
Energy
Turning
Product with
desired shape
Chips
Noise
Waste Coolant
Scrap
Mist
3)
4)
5)
6)
time can depend on the size, weight, and complexity of the workpiece, as well as
the type of fixture. This is at the level of Basic energy and is labeled Loading.
Relative movement of the cutting tool and the workpiece occurs without changing
the shape of the part body, referred to as Idle Energy and is labeled Handling. This
is the time required for any tasks that occur during the process cycle that do not
engage the workpiece. This idle time includes the tool approaching and retracting
from the workpiece, tool movements between features, adjusting machine
settings, and changing the tools.
Cutting of a workpart for desired shape occurs and is labeled Tip Energy. The
time required is for the cutting tool to make all necessary cuts in the workpiece
for each operation.
The piece is repositioned for subsequent cutting, thus the energy and mass loss
will be repeated. (Idle Energy for Handling and then Tip Energy for turning)
When the final shape is attained, the piece is unloaded and typically sent forward
to another manufacturing unit process. This is at the level of Basic Energy and is
labeled Unloading.
Machine tool
Horizontal band saw
0.17
---
1.2
0.2
0.5
0.15
Milling machine
1.5
---
Drilling machine
1.0
---
Horizontal-boring machine
1.3
---
Broaching machine
0.6
---
0.9
---
Grinding machine
0.6
---
0.6
---
Machining center
0.7
0.05
In this representative unit process, the life cycle characteristics can be determined
on a turning per piece basis or on a full piece (with one or more cuts) basis. Since this is a
high production process, the start up (at the beginning of a batch or shift) is deemed to be
small and not included. In this uplci, there are three typical power levels that will be used,
Figure MR4.5. Each power level, kw, is the incremental power not the absolute total
power. Thus if electrical measurements are made, the kw during the tip measurement
must have the idle and basic power (kw) values subtracted to obtain this tip power (kw).
Correspondingly, there are times within the turning sequence from which these three
power levels are used, Figure MR4.5. The overall time per piece is referred to as cycle
time and is generally consistent in a batch. Each power level is a reflection of the use of
various components or sub-operations, of the CNC machine, Figure MR4.6.
Power
Tip Energy
Basic Energy
Pturning
Pidle
Pbasic
tturning
Time
tidle
tbasic
(1)
Servo Motors
Fan
Oil pump
Chiller System
Main Spindle
Automatic tool changer
Rapid Axis Movement
Cutting fluid pump
Machine Tool idle power
Numerical control
Lighting
Way lube system
f Feed, mm/rev.
N- Spindle speed, rpm
fr - feed rate, mm/min
V cutting speed, m/min
(3)
Table MR4.2. Average values of energy per unit material removal rate and recommended
speeds and feeds (Erik, 2000; Hoffman, 2001; Joseph, 1989; Kalpakjian, 2008; 9, 10)
Hardness
[Brinell
hardness
number]
Specific
cutting
energy,
Up
[W/ mm3
per sec]
(Hp/ in3
per min)
Cutting Speed, V
(m/min, ft/min)
125 - 175
2.98 (1.1)
24 - 46, 80 - 150
125 - 175
3.67 (1.35)
11 - 43, 70 - 140
125 - 175
3.94 (1.45)
18 - 54, 60 - 175
250 - 375
35 - 40
3.26 (1.2)
3.80 (1.4)
21 - 49, 70 - 160
12 - 18, 40 - 60
200-360
6.8 (2.5)
30 -150
0.68 (0.25)
56, 184
182 - 244, 600 800
150 -175
0.82 (0.30)
176 - 200
0.90 (0.33)
201 - 250
1.14 (0.42)
25 - 40, 82 - 132
251 - 300
1.36 (0.50)
18 - 32, 60 - 105
150 - 175
0.82 (0.30)
176 - 200
1.14 (0.42)
24 - 46, 80 - 150
201 - 250
1.47 (0.54)
18 - 37, 60 - 120)
Zinc alloys
Monel
150 - 175
150 - 175
176 - 200
201 - 250
100
225
1.14 (0.42)
1.69 (0.62)
1.82 (0.67)
2.18 (0.80)
0.68 (0.25)
2.72 (1.0)
Brass
145 -240
2.26 (0.83)
2.26 (0.83)
Material
Low carbon
alloy steels
Medium carbon
alloy steels
High carbon
alloy steels
Titanium
Alloys
Steels
High
temperature
nickel and
cobalt
Aluminum
alloys
Plain cast iron
Malleable iron
Cast steel
Bronze
Feed (f)
(mm/rev,
inch/rev)
0.18 - 0.75,
0.007 - 0.030
0.18 - 0.75,
0.007 - 0.030
0.13 - 1.52,
0.005 - 0.06
0.13 - 1.27,
0.005 - 0.05
0.2, 0.007
0.18, 0.007
0.18 - 0.64,
0.007 - 0.025
0.5 - 0.89, 0.02
- 0.035
0.38 - 0.64,
0.015 - 0.025
0.3 - 0.56,
0.012 - 0.022
0.254 - 0.52,
0.010 - 0.020
0.38 - 0.64,
0.015 - 0.025
0.3 - 0.56,
0.012 - 0.022
0.254 - 0.52,
0.010 - 0.020
0.254 - 0.52,
0.010 - 0.020
0.25, 0.01
0.20, 0.007
0.15, 0.005
0.4, 0.15
0.18, 0.007
0.38 - 0.64,
0.015 - 0.025
0.38 - 0.64,
0.015 - 0.025
Density
(kg/m3)
7480-8000
7480-8000
7480-8000
4500
7850
8900
2712
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
6800-7800
7140
8830
7700-8700
8900
10
125-140
2.45 (0.90)
0.127 - 1.27,
0.005 - 0.05
8930
Copper
Magnesium
alloys
Lead
0.73 (0.27)
0.6
80, 275
45, 150
0.38 - 0.64,
0.015 - 0.025
0.4, 0.015
1810
150
80 -100
11,350
Table MR4.3. Recommended speeds and feeds for turning plastics (Terry and Erik, 2003)
Turning Single Point (H-S Steel)
Material
Thermoplastics
Polyethylene
Polypropylene
TFE fluorocarbon
Butyrate
ABS
Polyamides
Polycarbonate
Acrylic
s
Polystyrenes, low
and medium impact
Thermosets
Paper
and cotton base
Homopolymers
Fiber glass,
and graphitized
Asbestos base
Cutting Speed, V
m/s
Feed, f , mm/rev
Depth of cut, mm
0.8 - 1.8
1.5 - 2.0
1.0 - 2.0
1.5 - 3.8
1.2 - 1.8
2.5 - 3.8
3.8 - 5.0
3.8 - 5.0
2.5 - 3.8
2.5 - 3.8
0.25
0.05
0.30
0.40
0.38
0.25
0.05
3.8
0.6
1.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
0.6
0.19
0.02
3.8
0.6
2.5 - 5.0
5.0 - 10.0
2.0 - 2.5
1.0 - 2.5
2.5 - 5.0
3.2 - 3.8
0.30
0.13
0.30
0.30
0.13
0.30
3.8
0.6
3.8
3.8
0.6
3.8
0.05
3.8
Idle Energy
Energy-consuming peripheral equipment included in idle power are shown in
Figure MR4.6. In the machining praxis it is known as run-time mode (Abele et al.,
2005). The average idle power Pidle of automated CNC machines is between 1,200 and
15,000 watt*. (* This information is from the CNC manufacturing companies, see
Appendix 1). The handling power characterizes the load case when there is relative
movement of the tool and the work-piece without changing the shape of the body (e.g.
rapid axis movement, spindle motor, coolant, tool changer) - Handling.
The idle time (tidle) is the sum of the handling time (thandling) and the turning time
(calculated above as tturning, equation 2), see Figure MR4.5. For CNC turning machines,
11
the handling times are the air time of cutter moving from home position to the location at
the start of the cut, the approach to the actual cut, the overtravel, then retraction after
turning to the next cut at this location, and traverse, if needed to cut at another location on
the same work piece. Approximate Handling time will vary from 0.1 to 10 min. We can
calculate the idle times and energy as follows.
Idle time = [timehandling + timeturning]
(4)
A cutting tool moves from the home position to the location of the start of the cut
at a horizontal traverse rate, HTR and is defined as the air time1. This distance would be
in the range of 5 to 30 mm. During the turning process, the total travel of the cutting tool
is larger than the length of the workpiece due to the cutter approach and overtravel
distances and this time can be defined as air time2. The approach and overtravel distances,
l1 and l2 respectively, can be assumed to be 2 to 10 mm, enough for the cutting tool axis to
clear the end of the part. During this time the cutting tool moves with the constant feed
rate, fr. After reaching the overtravel point, the tool retraces back to an offset position, but
at a faster rate called the vertical traverse rate, VTR.
Time for handling is
Air time1 + Approach/overtravel times + retraction times = thandling
(5)
To this idle time must be added the time to traverse to the next cut (if needed) and
this is (cut spacing)/transverse speed, HTR, as given by the CNC manufacturer. The
example given later in this uplci lists such traverse speed data for use in any
representative turning scenarios.
From these calculations the idle energy for a single cut is
E (Joule/cut)idle = [thandling + tturning]* Pidle
(6)
Thus with just the information used in calculating tturning, and the representative
idle power (1,200 15,000 watts), one can calculate the idle energy for this turning unit
process.
Basic Energy
Turnin
The basic power of a machine tool is the demand under running conditions in
stand-by mode. Energy-consuming peripheral equipments included in basic power are
shown in Figure MR4.6. There is no relative movement between the tool and the workpiece, but all components that accomplish the readiness for operation (e.g. Machine
control unit (MCU), unloaded motors, servo motors, pumps) are still running at no load
power consumption. Most of the automated CNC machine tools are not switched off
when not turning and have a constant basic power. The average basic power Pbasic of
automated CNC machines is between 800 and 8,000 watt* (* From CNC manufacturing
companies the basic power ranges from 1/8th to 1/4th of the maximum machine power,
(see Manufacturers Reference Data in Appendix). The largest consumer is the hydraulic
power unit. Hydraulic power units are the driving force for motors, which includes chiller
system, way lube system and unloaded motors.
12
0-0.2
0-0.4
0.2-4.5
0.4-10
4.5-14
10-30
14-27 (kg)
30-60 (lb)
Crane
Angle Plate
27.6
34.9
43.5
72.1
276.5
Between Centers,
with dog
25.6
40.2
57.4
97.8
247.8
Between Centers,
no dog
13.5
18.6
24.1
35.3
73.1
Chuck, universal
16.0
23.3
31.9
52.9
--
13
Chuck, independent
(4 jaws)
34.0
41.3
49.9
70.9
--
Clamp on table
(3 clamps)
28.8
33.9
39.4
58.7
264.6
Collet
10.3
15.4
20.9
--
--
Faceplate
(3 clamps)
31.9
43.3
58.0
82.1
196.2
Fixture, horizontal
(3 screws)
25.8
33.1
41.7
69.4
274.7
14
Fixture vertical
(3 screws)
27.2
38.6
53.3
--
--
Hand-held
Jig
1.4
25.8
6.5
33.1
12.0
41.7
---
---
Magnet table
2.6
5.2
8.4
--
--
Parallels
14.2
19.3
24.8
67.0
354.3
15
Rotary table or
Index plate
(3 clamps)
28.8
36.1
44.7
72.4
277.7
V Blocks
25.0
30.1
35.6
77.8
365.1
Vise
13.5
18.6
24.1
39.6
174.2
(8)
Where timeidle is given in earlier sections and timeload/unload is from Table MR4.4. Pbasic is
in the range of 800 to 8,000 watts.
16
Thus the uplci user must add some reasonable value from Table MR4.4 for the
load/unload times and can then use the timeidle to determine the Basic energy
In summary, the unit process life cycle inventory energy use is given by
Etotal = Pbasic * (tbasic ) + Pidle * (tidle) + Pturning * (tturning)
(9)
This follows the power diagram in Figure MR4.5. With only the following
information the unit process life cycle energy for turning can be estimated.
1. Material of part being manufactured
2. Volume material removal rate
3. Turning time
4. Table MR4.4
B. Method of Quantification for Mass Loss
The mass loss streams in turning process, identified with the associated process
performance measures, are depicted in the Figure MR4.11 below.
Turning
Gas/Aerosol
Waste
Stream
Solid
Liquid
* l [mm3]
Volume of the material removed = removal
(10)
Where
l = Length of the workpiece to be machined in mm,
Di = Initial diameter of the workpiece in mm.
Df = Final diameter of the workpiece in mm.
Chip mass (ms) = Vremoval * * (1 m3/1 E+09 mm3) [kg]
(11)
17
Material
Aluminum
Brass
Alloy Steels
Soluble Oil
Bronze
Soluble Oil
Magnesium
The service of a cutting fluid provided to one CNC machine tool for one year was
considered as the functional unit. It is assumed that the number of parts produced per unit
18
time will not vary depending on the cutting fluid replacement. The turning time
associated with one year of production was based on the schedule of 102 hr of
turning/week for 42 weeks/year from one of the most comprehensive cutting fluid
machining studies (Andres et al., 2008). From (Andres et al., 2008) a single CNC
machine using cutting fluid required an individual pump to circulate the fluid from a 55
gallon (208L) tank to the cutting zone. The 208L/machine is recycled within process until
it is disposed of after two weeks. Assuming cutting fluid is used 204 hr/ 2 weeks, then the
cutting fluid loss is 208L/ (204*60) per minute. Which is 0.017 L/min or about 17 g/min
as the effective loss of cutting fluid due to degradation. The coolant is about 70wt% - 95
wt% water, so at 85wt% water, the coolant oil loss is 15wt% or 2.5 g cutting oil/min.
With the machining time for turning a cross sectional area the mass loss of coolant oil can
be calculated.
There is also be a fugitive emissions factor here that could account for aerosol
losses. Wlaschitz and Hoflinger (2007) measured aerosolized loss of cutting fluid from a
rotating machining tool under flooding conditions. For a cutting fluid use of 5,700 g/min,
the aerosol oil loss was about 0.0053 g/min and water loss of 0.1 g/min. Other losses
from spills and carry off (drag-out) on workpieces were not included at this time.
Lci for Lubricant Oil Waste Calculations
Lubricant oil is mainly used for a spindle and a slide way. Minute amount of oil is
infused to the spindle part and the slide way at fixed intervals. From the CNC
manufacturing companies it is found that lubricant oil is replaced only 2-3 times of the
life of the machine. It is assumed that the life of the machine is around 20 years. Since it
is negligible lubricant oil loss is not considered for this study.
Cutting tool usage
Turning processes often require regular replacement of cutting tools. The tool life
is a time for a newly sharpened tool that cuts satisfactorily before it becomes necessary to
remove it for regrinding or replacement. Worn tools contribute significantly to the waste
in the form of wear particles and a worn tool at the end of tool life. The wear particles
usually are carried away by the cutting fluid. From an environmental perspective the
cutting tools remaining at the end of the tool life are of importance as they are often
disposed off and hence are a burden to the environment. The worn tool can be identified
by the process performance in terms of the cutting forces, energy consumed, and surface
finish. For simplification regrinding of the tools are not considered.
Case Study on Turning
In this report we analyze the detailed energy consumption calculations in the
turning process. The machining process is performed on Jeenxi Technology 4-axis CNC
machine (JHV 1500). The machine specifications are listed below:
19
JHV - 1500
Liner
1500
750
700
120 820
1650 x 750
1000
8000
BT - 40
8000, 10000
Belt type
7.5 / 11
BT - 40
10000, 12000, 15000
Direct type
7.5 / 11
Oil Cooler
30
24
1 15000
4.0 / 4.0 / 7.0
Carosel
16
100 / 150
300
7
Fixed type
Arm
24
80 / 150
300
7
Random
30
4100 x 2640 x 2810 mm
11000
Product Details:
For this example we are assuming a low carbon alloy steel as the work piece. The
work piece is a cylindrical bar that is 3 in. (76.2 mm) diameter and 10 in. (254 mm) long,
where 0.2 in. (5.1 mm) is to be removed up to 3 in. (76.2 mm) length from the end of the
bar. The objective of the study is to analyze the energy consumption in turning process.
The product dimensions are shown in Figure MR4.12. From the dimensions and the
density from Table MR4.2, the weight of the workpiece is 9.26 kg (assuming density as
8000 kg/m3).
20
21
76.2 m
40 m/m
0.5 mm
168 rp
84 mm
76.2 m
5.1 m
71.1 m
49,536 mm
30
24
Turning Time:
The time for turning is determined by
tturning = (l)/fr
(min)
Where l is the length of the workpiece to be machined in mm, fr is the feed in mm/min.
Time for turning a cross section cut will be,
tturning = (76.2)/ 84
= 0.907 min/cut = 54 sec/machined
Machining Power for each cut,
pm = VRR * Specific cutting energy
VRR from Table MR4.7 = 49,536 mm3/min and specific cutting energy, Up, from Table
MR4.2 = 2.98 W/mm3/sec
pm = 49,536 * 2.98/60 = 2.46 kW
Tip Energy required per cut is em = pm * tturning = 2.46 * 54 = 133 kJ/cut
Handling Time:
Time required for the cutter to move from offset position to position prior to cutting (10
mm) is essentially turning in air. The air time of the approach is
ta1 = 10/ (transverse speed)
ta1 = 10/ 24000 mm/min
= 0.0004 min = 0.0025 sec (neglect)
After reaching the approach distance 5 mm from the workpiece it reaches the workpiece
at feed rate, fr (84 mm/min. When not cutting the workpiece, the approach distance,
(Approach)/fr
ta2 = (15)/84 mm/min
= 0.06 min = 4 sec
Retract time ta3 = (76 + 5)/24000 = 0.2 sec
Idle power of the machine can be calculated based on the individual power specifications
of the machine.
Pidle = Pspindle + Pcoolant + Paxis
The assumed values are
Pcoolant = 1 kW (~1.5 hp); Pspindle = 4 kW (~5 hp); Paxis = 5 kW (~7 hp)
(These assumed values are from the CNC manufacturing companies, see Appendix 1)
To convert a horse power rating (HP) to Watts (W) simply multiply the horsepower rating
by 746
Idle power for the process is
Pidle = Pspindle + Pcoolant + Paxis
=4 + 1 + 5
= 10 kW
Total Idle time for cut t idle = ta + tturning = 4 + 0.2 + 55
= 59 sec
22
23
= 44,936 mm3
Chip mass (ms) = Vremoval * [kg]
ms = 44,936 * 8,000 * 10-9
= 0.359 kg/cut
Lci for Cutting fluid waste calculations
From (Andres et al., 2008) a single CNC machine using cutting fluid required an
individual pump to circulate the fluid from a 55 gallon (208L) tank to the cutting zone.
The 208L/machine is recycled within process until it is disposed of after two weeks.
Assuming cutting fluid is used 204 hr/ 2 weeks, then the cutting fluid loss is 208L/
(204*60) per minute, which is 0.017 L/min or about 17 g/min. The coolant is about 96 wt
% water, so at 96wt% water, the coolant oil loss is 4wt% or 0.68 g cutting oil/min.
Turning time per cut tm = 54 sec
Mass loss of the coolant = 0.68*54/60 = 0.61 g cutting oil/cut
The fugitive loss is 0.1 g cutting oil/min or 0.09 g cutting oil/cut
Summary:
This report presented the models, approaches, and measures used to represent the
environmental life cycle of turning unit operations referred to as the unit process life
cycle inventory. The five major environmental-based results are energy consumption,
metal chips removed, cutting fluid, lubricant oil, and cutting tool. With only the following
information the unit process life cycle energy for turning can be estimated.
1. Material of part being manufactured
2. Volume material removal rate
3. Turning time
4. Table MR4.4
The life cycle of turning is based on a typical high production scenario (on a CNC turning
machine) to reflect industrial manufacturing practices.
References Cited
1. Abele, E.; Anderl, R.; and Birkhofer, H. (2005) Environmentally-friendly product
development, Springer-Verlag London Limited.
2. Clarens, A.; Zimmerman, J.; Keoleian, G.; and Skerlos, S. (2008) Comparison of
Life Cycle Emissions and Energy Consumption for Environmentally adapted
Metalworking Fluid Systems, Environmental Science Technology,
10.1021/es800791z.
3. Dahmus, J.; and Gutowski, T. (2004) An environmental analysis of machining,
Proceedings of IMECE2004, ASME International Mechanical Engineering
Congress and RD&D Expo, November 13-19, Anaheim, California USA.
4. Erik Oberg. (2000) Machinerys Handbook, 26th Edition, Industrial Press.
24
JHV 850
JEENXI TECHNOLOGY
JHV 1020
JHV 1500
25
Spindle Speed
Spindle Drive
Spindle Motor
Rapid Traverse (X,Y)
Rapid Traverse (Z)
Cutting Feed rate
8000 rpm
Belt/Direct type
5.5/7.5 kw
30 m/min
20 m/min
1 15000 mm/min
8000 rpm
Belt/Direct
7.5/11 kw
30 m/min
20 m/min
1 15000 mm/min
3 Axes motor
output(X,Y,Z)
Power Consumption
8000 rpm
Belt/Direct type
7.5/ 11 kw
30 m/min
24 m/min
1 15000
mm/min
4.0/ 4.0/ 7.0
20 KVA
20KVA
40 KVA
VF- 7
7500 rpm
Belt/Direct type
HAAS
VM - 2
12,000 rpm
Inline direct drive
75 ft-lb@1400
250 ft-lb@ 450
20 hp
75 ft-lb@1400
30 hp
MDC
7,500 rpm
Direct speed belt
drive
75 ft-lb@1400
20 hp
3400 lb
600 ipm
600 ipm
500ipm
200 250 VAC
380 480 VAC
3,400 lb
710 ipm
710 ipm
500 ipm
200 250 VAC
380 480 VAC
2,500 lb
1,000 ipm
1,000 ipm
833 ipm
200 250 VAC
380 480 VAC
Specifications
Model Number
Spindle speed (Belt)
Spindle speed (Gear)
Rapid Traverse (X, Y)
Rapid Traverse (Z)
Cutting feed rate
Spindle drive motor
X,Y,Z axis drive motor
Power consumption
VMC 850
8000 rpm
4000/7000 rpm
590.55 ipm
472.44 ipm
236.22 ipm
7.5/ 10 hp
a12, a12, a12
20 KVA
KAFO
VMC 137
8,000/10,000 rpm
4000/7000 rpm
787.4 ipm
787.40 ipm
393.7 ipm
15/ 20 hp
a22, a22, a30
25 KVA
VMC - 21100
6000/8000 rpm
4000/7000 rpm
393.7 ipm
393.7 ipm
393.7 ipm
15/20 hp
a30, a30, a30
35 KVA
Specifications
Model Number
Spindle Speed(Belted)
Fanuc Motor Power
Heidenhain Motor
XR 760
9000/15000 rpm
25/25 hp
28/28 hp
Specifications
Model Number
Spindle Speed
Spindle Drive
Max Torque
With Gearbox
Spindle motor max
rating
Axis Motor max thrust
Rapids on X-axis
Rapid on Y & Z Axes
Max Cutting
Power
Consumption(min)
BRIDGE PORT
XR 1270 HP
-
XR 1500 HPD
-
26
Power
Spindle Speed(Directly
coupled)
Fanuc Motor Power
Heidenhain Motor
Power
Rapid Traverse (X,Y)
Rapid Traverse (Z)
Cutting Feed rate
Power
15000 rpm
15000 rpm
30 hp
33 hp
40 hp
34 hp
1692 ipm
1417 ipm
787 ipm
30 KVA
1417 ipm
1417 ipm
787 ipm
40 KVA
1417 ipm
1417 ipm
787 ipm
40 KVA
VMC 4020
10 - 10,000 rpm
Automatic
Mechanical Vector
Drive
900 ipm
700 ipm
600 ipm
10 hp
80 120 psi
FADAL
VMC 6030
10 - 10,000 rpm
Automatic
Mechanical Vector
Drive
400 ipm
400 ipm
400 ipm
14.7 hp
80 120 psi
Specifications
Model Number
Spindle Speed(Belted)
Spindle Motor Power
X Axis Motor Power
Z Axis Motor Power
TTC-630
4000 rpm
15/20 KW
2.8 KW
2.8 KW
TTC
TMC 500
6000
5/7 KW
15000 rpm
1 KW
40 hp
XR 1500 HPD
375 7500 rpm
(Gear Box)
40 hp
12.6 KW
197 mm/min
630 mm/min
40 KW
1.1 KW
34 hp
1417 ipm
1417 ipm
787 ipm
40 KVA
40 hp
1417 ipm
1417 ipm
787 ipm
40 KVA
Specifications
Model Number
Spindle Speed
Spindle Drive
27