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Mite and Termite

PITOC, M.T.R.
SAN PEDRO, S.M.S.

Varroa destructor
Varroa Mite

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
Subclass Acari
Order Parasitiformes
Suborder Mesostigmata
Family Varroidae
Genus Varroa
V. destructor
Image retrieved from http://beelog.petherick.co.nz/wp-content/uploads/2012/07/VarroaMite.jpg

Morphology

world's most devastating pest of Western honey bees, Apis mellifera

look very similar to another bee commensal, the bee louse, (Braula coeca)

eggs are oval in shape and white in color

the bee louse is a wingless fly with six legs, while varroa is a mite with eight legs.

laid singly on a cell wall.


approximately 0.30 mm long and 0.23 mm wide

Protonymphs have eight legs, pointed chelicerae (mouthparts) and are a transparent white
color.

Male and female protonymphs are undistinguishable without dissection.

The body appears circular

the mite becomes a deuteronymph which resembles the adults with a reduction in setae

Image retrieved from


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Varroa_destructor_pr
otonymph_(5048063601).jpg

Image retrieved from


http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/fd/Varroa_destructor_deu
tonymph.jpg

Morphology

The adult female mites are reddish-brown to dark brown and oval in
shape,

curved bodies fit into the abdominal folds of the adult bee and are
held there by the shape and arrangement of ventral setae.

Adult males are yellowish with lightly tanned legs and spherical body
shape

chelicerae are modified for transferring sperm.

Have claws, ventral setae

Cuticle similar to bees and highly sclerotized

Image retrieved from


http://pds84.cafe.daum.net/image/14/cafe/2008/08/01/12/20/4892801616fa5

Image retrieved from http://www.chdphd.com/PhD/images/fig1_4.jpg

Lifestyle

Varroa mites are ectoparasites that feed on the


hemolymph of immature and adult honey bees (Apis
mellifera).

Adult female varroa mites can be found either on adult


or immature honey bees.

Immature varroa can be found only on capped brood

Male varroa mites will never leave brood cells.

Habitat

Varroa have spread throughout much of the world:


Africa, Asia including Japan, Korea, China, Malaysia
and Indonesia, United Kingdom, United States, South
America, Canada, Europe, Russia, the Middle East, and
New Zealand.

Current varroa mite distribution - 2010.

Life Cycle:

Image retrieved from


http://www.extension.org/pages/
65450/varroa-mite-reproductivebiology#.VVm_pfmqqko

Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki


Formosan subterranean termite

Kingdom Animalia
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Insecta
Order Blattodea
Infraorder Isoptera
Family Rhinotermitidae
Genus Coptotermes
C. formosanus

Image retrieved from http://tolweb.org/tree/ToLimages/Coptotermes_formosanus.jpg

Morphology

Formosan subterranean termite is a subterranean termite species


characterized by large populations

share interconnected foraging galleries in soil

colonies of FST contain three primary castes:

reproductives (e.g. king, queen, alates or swarmers, and


immature alates or nymphs)

soldiers

workers

Morphology

Alates are yellowish-brown and 12 to 15 mm long (0.5 to 0.6 inch).

numerous small hairs on the wings of these comparatively large


swarmers

Soldiers of FST have an orange-brown, oval-shaped head, curved


mandibles and a whitish body

readily attack any approaching objects

may secrete a white gluey fluid (called defensive secretion)


from a large opening (called fontanel) in the head

Image retrieved from http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/termites/havilandi.htm

Image retrieved
fromhttp://images.harc.edu/Sites/GalvBayInvasives/Species/Photos/COFO_0014113-LGPT.jpg

Image retrieved from


http://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/environment/insects/Termites/biology/Colony-Members-andLife-Cycle.htm

Lifestyle

feeds on wood and other cellulose-containing materials


such as paper and cardboard

known to chew through foam insulation boards, thin


lead and copper sheeting, plaster, asphalt, and some
plastics

Habitat

found in forests and urban areas.

exists in large, underground populations that share


interconnected galleries, tunnels and foraging tubes

Any wood-to-ground contact is an inviting entrance for FST


infestations.

can form colonies that are not connected to ground, called


aerial colonies.

can initiate a colony with no ground connection.

flat roofs of high rise buildings are ideal places for the FST to
initiate aerial infestations if portals of entry are found.

Life Cycle:

Image retrieved from


http://www.extension.org/pages/
65450/varroa-mite-reproductivebiology#.VVm_pfmqqko

Image retrieved from http://www.responsibleservices.com/Termite_Treatments/

REFERENCES:

Dunaway, C. 2012. Colony Members and Life Cycle. Retrieved May 19, 2015
from
http://www.lsuagcenter.com/en/environment/insects/Termites/biology/ColonyMembers-and-Life-Cycle.htm

Ellis, J.D. & Nalen, Z. 2013. Varroa destructor. Retrieved May 18, 2015 from
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/misc/bees/varroa_mite.htm

Su, N.Y. & Scheffrahn, R.H. 2000. Coptotermes gestroi. Retrieved May 19, 2015
from http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/termites/havilandi.htm

Su, N.Y. & Scheffrahn, R.H. 2013. Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Retrived May
18,
2015
from
http://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/urban/termites/formosan_termite.htm

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