INTRODUCTION:

Global warming is defined as the overall warming of the planet, based on average temperature
over the entire surface. Modern technology is based up on a number of manufacturing units
exploiting the natural resources. Due to rapid industrialization and fast population growth we are
suffering from an unwanted danger of environment problem. Science has given us atomic energy,
comfortable communication systems etc. for the betterment of the society but at the same time
the life has become uncomfortable and tense full due to the presence of same devices. The
pollution is accompanied by the gradual rise in global atmospheric temperature, which is known
as global warming. This study deals with Global warming effects and methods to prevent it.
GLOBALWARMING
An overall warming of the planet, based on average temperature over the entire surface.
Carbon dioxide is the key factor in causing Global warming. The indiscriminate burning of the
fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gases, releases huge quantities of gases into atmosphere.
The industrialized nations have emitted gaseous pollutants more than the developing nations.
The fact that the current decade is the hottest period of the century is an indication that the globe
is warming up. This will lead to significant adverse effects on the worlds natural system and
human population over the next century.
GREEN HOUSE EFFECT
A secular increase in the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, arising from progressive
industrialization and the combustion of fossil fuels, could rise the mean temperature of the
atmosphere, effecting profound climatic changes. The important fact is that- Short Wave
Radiation can pass easily to the atmosphere through the surface of the earth, while a portion of
the resultant heat is retained in the atmosphere. Since outgoing long wave radiation cannot
penetrate the atmosphere as easily, especially when there is cloud covers the gases, it leads to an
enhanced heat-trapping of the earth. This heat-trapping capacity of the atmosphere is called
Green House Effect. Accoding to the principle of infrared absorption characteristics of
gases. Higher the concentration of green house gases, greater will be the absorption of thermal
radiations.
There are certain negative effects like melting of (glaciers ,mountain snow caps ,land based ice

sheets),increase in diseases ,extinction of higher level species and lowered agricultural

productivity.
Effects of Global warming
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: CLIMATE
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: SEA LEVEL
EFFECT OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: WATER RESOURCES
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: VEGITATION
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: HUMAN HEALTH
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: HUMAN SETTLEMENTS AND SOCIETY
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: ENERGY
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: CLOUDS AND WATER VAPOUR
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON: AGRICULTURE
EFFECTS OF GLOBAL WARMING ON:WILD LIFE
Climatic changes
Climate change is now becoming one of the major global environmental challenges About 80%
of greenhouse gas emissions from human activities are related to the production and use of
energy- and particularly the burning of fossil fuels. The bulk of the remaining 20% is associated
with agriculture and changes in land use. There is an increase in the average temperature of the
earths surface, leading to wide spread impacts ranging from change in rainfall patterns to
extinction of certain species.
Ice ages
Records of past climates have been used to show what the climate was like during the last
several hundred thousand years. These records have demonstrated that the global climate has
changed from being fairly warm, as it is now, to being very cold. These cold periods are known
as the Ice Ages, and the last one affected the Earth only 18,000 years ago. The change in global
climate between Ice Ages and warm periods is linked to the Earth's changing orbit around the
Sun.
Climate models
Climate models are special computer programs have attempted to show man-made influences on

climate change. Firstly, climate models are used to gain a clearer picture of past climates. If a
good match is found between the model results and the real observations, the model is believed
to be working well, and it can then be used to predict future changes in climate. All climate
models, however, are subject to a lot of uncertainty, and their predictions should not be
considered to be fool proof, but as intelligent estimations based on existing knowledge.
Prevention of Global warming
Most energy is produced by the burning offossil fuels, like coal, oil and gas, which release
carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas.. To prevent this we have to organize self-awareness programs,
planning exhibitions in different parts of the countries to create awareness.
BY RECYCLING
BY ROAD TRANSPORT
BY RENEWABLE ENERGY
THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE
Conclusion
Global warming is the product of green house effect. This global warming is predicted to lead a
variety of negative effects, to reduce this we need to develops steps for the prevention such as
organizing self awareness programs, planning exhibitions in different parts of the countries to
create awareness on global warming. Apart from the plans to slow down the global warming,
adaptation schemes must move forward fast. Constructing flood defences, banning buildings
close to sea areas are some of the measures we can adapt
Global Warming: Facts and Fallacies
Global Warming is a natural phenomenon and our planet earth has witnessed it at the time when
no living creature existed on earth. Thus, its not been contributed by us. However, one should
not sit idle or speed up the process by being insensitive to the issue.

 Tracing back the history of earth over 4,600 million years, he shared that earth has witnessed
changes from hot house to ice house and subsequently to green house effect. During this period
no living species existed. Green house gases were emitted by volcanoes.
Communication is a powerful means to inform the people and take proper measures to cope
with the effects of global warming and climate change by dissemination of information which
was not there million years ago and thus many species such as Dinosaurs became extinct sixty
five m years ago because they could not cope with the change.
Global Warming and Climate Change manifests itself through threats of flood, rise in sea levels
etc. He clarified this citing the examples of Kosi flood and floods in the townships.
It takes hundred years to develop a tree, thousand years to rejuvenate an eroded soil and the
land altered can never be brought back to the same form. Rain water harvesting, recycling of
water, afforestation, alternate sources of energy, measures of energy efficiency are the ways to
cope with the damages of Global Warming. Every citizen is accountable to conserve water as that
is going to be one of the major crises caused by global warming in near future.
Banks must finance those projects which are eco friendly and facilitating energy efficiency and
must know those elements that lead to degradation of nature and environment so that they may
play a proactive role in the protection of environment.
BIRD can spread awareness about the use of technologies that are less power and water
intensive and also can lead waste disposal scientifically.
The crux of the matter is that we may not have control over Global Warming but we must not
conflict with the nature by perusing activities that are disturbing the ecological balance!

Global Warming and Climate Change: Alarming Bells Ahead?

The gases present in the stratosphere which absorb the heat of the Sun, are called Green House
Gases and effect thus caused, is known as GREEN HOUSE EFFECT. This green house effect
warms the globe causing Global Warming

 GLOBAL WARMING will cause sea level to rise by approx. 1 meter by the end of this century.
Many countries like Maldives, Bangladesh, Egypt, Holland, East Anglia in UK and many
Caribbean countries will face a serious problem, but the worst affected will be Maldives.
Six million hectares of land is converted into desert every year in the world. (UNEP Report
1990). Major reason for this is deforestation and climate change. This has caused 100 million
people to become homeless. The deforestation rate in the world is 100 million acres every year
(UNEP Report). This is causing extensive damage to our rich biodiversity as many species are
lost forever.. Every minute 50 acres of rain forests are cut in the world. Thus, loss of rain forest
per day is 72,000 acres. This is an alarming scenario which is responsible for causing Global
warming.
The huge and increasing population is putting enormous pressure on the unique natural
resources of the region. Forests are being cut down for timber, plantations, agriculture, roads and
urban development; its fresh water and seas are being polluted and over fished - in the sea
destructive methods such as cyanide fishing and explosives are being used to catch fish.
In addition, urbanization, industrialization, pollution, mining, tourism, introduced species,
hunting, illegal trade in endangered species and the lack of proper management practices have
taken their toll. In the past decade, demand on biological resources increased sharply due to rapid
economic and population growth.
India has a diversity of habitat and biological resources. Hot and cold deserts, monsoon and
thorn forests, ice-clad mountains, boggy wetlands and offshore islands are all found in this vast
sub-continent. It has around 45,000 species of plants, more than 5,000 of insects and 1,200 of
birds. India's large and fast-growing population puts pressure on its natural resources.

The greenhouse eect

Can todays unusual period of warming be linked to human activity? Professor John
Mitchell, Chief Scientist at the MetOce, explained how a causal link between increasing
temperature and increasing levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide has been established. Since the
industrial revolution there has been a 33 percent rise in the amount of carbon dioxide in the

atmosphere and a 100 percent rise in the amount of methane.The greenhouse eect is not a new
idea. It was first recognized a hundred years ago by the Swedish scientist, Svante August
Arrhenius.2 The warming mechanism is comparable to the trapping of heat that
occurs in a greenhouse.
Long-wave solar radiation re-emitted from the earths surface is absorbed by greenhouse gases in
the atmosphere and then re-radiated back down to the earth, causing warming. This process is
crucial in keeping our planet warm without greenhouse gases our planet would be much colder
(around 20C colder) and it is unlikely that there would be any life on Earth! However, when the
levels of greenhouse gases start to increase, so will the amount of heat trapped by the atmosphere
and this is what we now see occurring.