;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;

;; Variable declarations ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
globals
[
grid-x-inc ;; the amount of patches in between two roads in the x direction
grid-y-inc ;; the amount of patches in between two roads in the y direction
acceleration ;; the constant that controls how much a car speeds up or slows
down by if it is to accelerate or decelerate
phase ;; keeps track of the phase
num-cars-stopped ;; the number of cars that are stopped during a single pass
thru the go procedure
old-display-which-metric ;; holds the value of display-which-metric for the l
ast time through the go procedure
;; patch agentsets
intersections ;; agentset containing the patches that are intersections
roads ;; agentset containing the patches that are roads
;;quick start instructions variables
quick-start ;; the current quickstart instruction displayed in the quickstart
monitor
qs-item ;; the index of the current quickstart instruction
qs-items ;; the list of quickstart instructions
]
turtles-own
[
speed ;; the speed of the turtle
up-car? ;; this will be true if the turtle moves downwards and false if it mo
ves to the right
wait-time ;; the amount of time since the last time a turtle has moved
]
patches-own
[
intersection? ;; this is true if the patch is at the intersection of two road
s
accident? ;; this is true if a crash has occurred at this intersection. this
will never be true for a non-intersection patch
green-light-up? ;; this is true if the green light is above the intersection.
otherwise, it is false. this is only true for patches that are intersections.
my-row ;; this holds the row of the intersection counting from the upper left
corner of the view. it is -1 for patches that are not intersections.
my-column ;; this holds the column of the intersection counting from the uppe
r left corner of the view. it is -1 for patches that are not intersections.
user-id ;; this holds the user-id that corresponds to the intersection. it i
s -1 for patches that are not intersections.
my-phase ;; this holds the phase for the intersection. it is -1 for patches
that are not intersections.
]
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Setup Functions ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
to startup
setup

setup-quick-start
hubnet-reset
end
;; Initialize the display by giving the global and patch variables initial value
s.
;; Create num-cars of turtles if there are enough road patches for one turtle to
be created per road patch.
;; Setup the plots
;; All code in setup is done if full-setup? is true. If it is false, then it do
esn't clear the information
;; about the users; users still retain the same light that they had before.
;; "setup false" is done by the re-run button.
to setup
clear-output
clear-turtles
clear-all-plots
let full-setup? ((grid-x-inc != (world-width / grid-size-x))
or (grid-y-inc != (world-height / grid-size-y)))
setup-globals
ifelse full-setup?
[
let users map [[user-id] of ?] sort patches with [is-string? user-id]
let phases map [[my-phase] of ?] sort patches with [is-string? user-id]
clear-patches
setup-patches
setup-intersections
;; reassign the clients to intersections
(foreach users phases
[
get-free-intersection ?1
ask intersections with [ user-id = ?1 ]
[ set my-phase ?2 ]
])
]
[ setup-intersections ]
set-default-shape turtles "car"
if (number > count roads)
[
user-message (word "There are too many cars for the amount of road. "
"or GRID-SIZE-Y sliders, or decrease the number of cars by lowering "
"the NUMBER slider.\nThe setup has stopped.")
stop
]
;; Now create the turtles and have each created turtle call the functions setu
p-cars and set-car-color
crt number
[
setup-cars
set-car-color
record-data
]
;; give the turtles an initial speed

ask turtles
[ set-car-speed ]
reset-ticks
end
;; Initialize the global variables to appropriate values
to setup-globals
set phase 0
set num-cars-stopped 0
set grid-x-inc world-width / grid-size-x
set grid-y-inc world-height / grid-size-y
;; don't make acceleration 0.1 since we could get a rounding error and end up
on a patch boundary
set acceleration 0.099
end
;; Make the patches have appropriate colors, setup the roads and intersections a
gentsets,
;; and initialize the traffic lights to one setting
to setup-patches
;; initialize the patch-own variables and color the patches to a base-color
ask patches
[
set intersection? false
set accident? false
set green-light-up? true
set my-row -1
set my-column -1
set user-id -1
set my-phase -1
set pcolor brown + 3
]
;; initialize the global variables that hold patch agentsets
set roads patches with [ (floor ((pxcor + max-pxcor - floor(grid-x-inc - 1)) m
od grid-x-inc) = 0) or
(floor ((pycor + max-pycor) mod grid-y-inc) = 0) ]
set intersections roads with [ (floor ((pxcor + max-pxcor - floor(grid-x-inc 1)) mod grid-x-inc) = 0) and
(floor ((pycor + max-pycor) mod grid-y-inc) = 0
) ]
ask roads
[ set pcolor white ]
end
;; Give the intersections appropriate values for the intersection?, my-row, and
my-column
;; patch variables. Make all the traffic lights start off so that the lights ar
e red
;; horizontally and green vertically.
to setup-intersections
ask intersections
[
set intersection? true
set green-light-up? true
set my-phase 0

set my-row floor ((pycor + max-pycor) / grid-y-inc )

set my-column floor ((pxcor + max-pxcor) / grid-x-inc )
set-signal-colors
]
end
;; Initialize the turtle variables to appropriate values and place the turtle on
an empty road patch.
to setup-cars ;; turtle procedure
set speed 0
set wait-time 0
put-on-empty-road
ifelse intersection?
[
ifelse random 2 = 1
[ set up-car? true ]
[ set up-car? false ]
]
[
ifelse (floor ((pxcor + max-pxcor - floor(grid-x-inc - 1)) mod grid-x-inc) =
0)
[ set up-car? true ]
[ set up-car? false ]
]
ifelse up-car?
[ set heading 180 ]
[ set heading 90 ]
end
;; Find a road patch without any turtles on it and place the turtle there.
to put-on-empty-road ;; turtle procedure
move-to one-of roads
if any? other turtles-here
[ put-on-empty-road ]
end
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Runtime Functions ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; receives information from the clients and runs the simulation
to go
;; get commands and data from the clients
listen-clients
every delay
[
;; clear any accidents from the last time thru the go procedure
clear-accidents
;; if there are any intersections that are to switch automatically, have the
m change their color
set-signals
set num-cars-stopped 0
;; set the turtles speed for this time thru the procedure, move them forward
their speed,

;; record data for plotting, and set the color of the turtles
;; to an appropriate color based on their speed
ask turtles
[
set-car-speed
fd speed
record-data
set-car-color
]
;; crash the cars if crash? is true
if crash?
[ crash-cars ]
;; update the clock and the phase
clock-tick
]
end
;; reports the amount of seconds by which to slow the model down
to-report delay
ifelse simulation-speed <= 0
[ report ln (10 / 0.001) ]
[ report ln (10 / simulation-speed) ]
end
;; have the traffic lights change color if phase equals each intersections' my-p
hase
to set-signals
ask intersections with
[ phase = floor ((my-phase * ticks-per-cycle) / 100) and ( auto? or user-id =
-1 ) ]
[
set green-light-up? (not green-light-up?)
set-signal-colors
]
end
;; This procedure checks the variable green-light-up? at each intersection and s
ets the
;; traffic lights to have the green light up or the green light to the left.
to set-signal-colors ;; intersection (patch) procedure
ifelse power?
[
ifelse green-light-up?
[
ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor red ]
ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor green ]
]
[
ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor green ]
ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor red ]
]
]
[
ask patch-at -1 0 [ set pcolor white ]
ask patch-at 0 1 [ set pcolor white ]
]
end
;; set any intersection's color that had an accident back to white and make acci

dent? false
to clear-accidents
if crash?
[
ask patches with [accident?]
[
set pcolor white
set accident? false
]
]
end
;; set the turtles' speed based on whether they are at a red traffic light or th
e speed of the
;; turtle (if any) on the patch in front of them
to set-car-speed ;; turtle procedure
ifelse pcolor = red
[ set speed 0 ]
[
ifelse up-car?
[ set-speed 0 -1 ]
[ set-speed 1 0 ]
]
end
;; set the speed variable of the turtle to an appropriate value (not exceeding t
he
;; speed limit) based on whether there are turtles on the patch in front of the
turtle
to set-speed [delta-x delta-y] ;; turtle procedure
let turtles-ahead turtles-on patch-at delta-x delta-y
;; if there are turtles in front of the turtle, slow down
;; otherwise, speed up
ifelse any? turtles-ahead
[
let up-cars?-ahead [up-car?] of turtles-ahead
ifelse member? up-car? up-cars?-ahead and member? (not up-car?) up-cars?-ahe
ad
[
if not crash?
[ set speed 0 ]
]
[
set speed [speed] of one-of turtles-ahead
slow-down
]
]
[ speed-up ]
end
;; decrease the speed of the turtle
to slow-down ;; turtle procedure
ifelse speed <= 0 ;;if speed < 0
[ set speed 0 ]
[ set speed speed - acceleration ]
end
;; increase the speed of the turtle
to speed-up ;; turtle procedure

ifelse speed > speed-limit

[ set speed speed-limit ]
[ set speed speed + acceleration ]
end
;; set the color of the turtle to a different color based on how fast the turtle
is moving
to set-car-color ;; turtle procedure
ifelse speed < (speed-limit / 2)
[ set color blue ]
[ set color cyan - 2 ]
end
;;
as
;;
to

keep track of the number of stopped turtles and the amount of time a turtle h
been stopped
if its speed is 0
record-data ;; turtle procedure
ifelse speed = 0
[
set num-cars-stopped num-cars-stopped + 1
set wait-time wait-time + 1
]
[ set wait-time 0 ]
end
;; crash any turtles at the same intersection going in different directions
to crash-cars
ask intersections with [any? turtles-here with [up-car?] and any? turtles-here
with [not up-car?]]
[
set accident? true
set pcolor orange
]
end
;; increases the clock by 1 and cycles phase to the next appropriate value
to clock-tick
tick
;; The phase cycles from 0 to ticks-per-cycle, then starts over.
set phase phase + 1
if phase mod ticks-per-cycle = 0
[ set phase 0 ]
end
to hide-or-show-pen [name-of-plot]
ifelse plots-to-display = "All three plots" or plots-to-display = name-of-plot
[ __plot-pen-show ]
[ __plot-pen-hide ]
end
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Quick Start functions ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; instructions to quickly setup the model, and clients to run this activity
to setup-quick-start
set qs-item 0
set qs-items
[
"Teacher: Follow these directions to setup the HubNet activity."

"Optional: Zoom In (see Tools in the Menu Bar)"

"Change the traffic grid (using the sliders GRID-SIZE-X and..."
"GRID-SIZE-Y) to make enough lights for everyone."
"Change any other of the settings that you would like to change."
"For example, if you plan on running Gridlock in..."
"the MANUAL mode, be sure to have AUTO? set to OFF."
"Press the SETUP button."
"Press the LOGIN button."
"Everyone: Open up a HubNet Client on your machine and..."
"type your user name, select this activity and press ENTER."
"Teacher: Once everyone is logged in and has a light..."
"stop the LOGIN button by pressing it again."
"Everyone: Whichever mode AUTO? is set for in NetLogo,..."
"you will control your intersection in a different way."
"If you have chosen MANUAL,..."
"you can change the state of your light by pressing..."
"the CHANGE LIGHT button."
"If you have chosen AUTO,..."
"you can change the phase of your light by moving..."
"the PHASE slider to a different position."
"Teacher: Once everyone is ready,..."
"start the simulation by pressing the GO button."
"Teacher: You may want to view some of the plots."
"Do this by changing the PLOTS-TO-DISPLAY chooser,..."
"which changes the plot displayed for everyone."
"Choose No Plots to turn off all the plots..."
"Choose Stopped Cars to see the STOPPED CARS plot..."
"Choose 2 Speed of Cars the AVERAGE SPEED plot..."
"Choose 3 Average Wait Time of Cars the AVERAGE WAIT plot..."
"or Choose 'All three plots' for all the plots..."
"Teacher: To run the activity again with the same group,..."
"stop the model by pressing the GO button, if it is on."
"Change any of the settings that you would like."
"Press the SETUP button."
"Teacher: Once everyone is ready,..."
"restart the simulation by pressing the GO button."
"Teacher: To start the simulation over with a new group,..."
"stop the model by pressing the GO button, if it is on..."
"Press the RESET button in the Control Center"
"and follow these instructions again from the beginning."
]
set quick-start (item qs-item qs-items)
end
;; view the next item in the quickstart monitor
to view-next
set qs-item qs-item + 1
if qs-item >= length qs-items
[ set qs-item length qs-items - 1 ]
set quick-start (item qs-item qs-items)
end
;; view the previous item in the quickstart monitor
to view-prev
set qs-item qs-item - 1
if qs-item < 0
[ set qs-item 0 ]
set quick-start (item qs-item qs-items)

end
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; Code for interacting with the clients ;;
;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;
;; when a command is sent, find out which client sent it and then execute the co
mmand
to listen-clients
while [hubnet-message-waiting?]
[
hubnet-fetch-message
ifelse hubnet-enter-message?
[
give-intersection-coords
wait 1 ;; we want to give some time for other clients to log in on this r
ound
]
[
ifelse hubnet-exit-message?
[
abandon-intersection
]
[
ifelse hubnet-message-tag = "Change Light"
[ manual hubnet-message-source ]
[
if hubnet-message-tag = "Phase"
[ auto hubnet-message-source ]
]
]
]
]
end
;; when a new client logs in, if there are free intersections,
;; assign one of them to that client
;; if this current-id already has an intersection, give the client that intersec
tion.
to give-intersection-coords
let current-id hubnet-message-source
ifelse not any? intersections with [user-id = current-id]
[
;; the case where they tried logging in previously but there was no room f
or them
;; or they haven't logged in before
get-free-intersection current-id
]
[
;; otherwise, we already have an intersection for the current-id.
;; all we need to do is send where the light is located at
ask intersections with [user-id = current-id]
[ hubnet-send current-id "Located At:" (word "(" my-column "," my-row ")") ]
]
end
;; when a client disconnects, free up its intersection
to abandon-intersection
ask intersections with [user-id = hubnet-message-source]

[
set user-id -1
set my-phase 0
ask patch-at -1 1 [ set plabel ""]
]
end
;; if there are any free intersections, pick one of them at random and give it t
o the current-id.
;; if there are not any free intersections, toss an error and put error values i
nto the list
to get-free-intersection [current-id]
ifelse any? intersections with [user-id = -1]
[
;; pick a random intersection that hasn't been taken yet
ask one-of intersections with [user-id = -1]
[
set user-id current-id
ask patch-at -1 1
[
set plabel-color black
set plabel current-id
]
hubnet-send current-id "Located At:" (word "(" my-column "," my-row ")")
]
]
[
hubnet-send current-id "Located At:" "Not enough lights"
user-message word "Not enough lights for student with id: " current-id
]
end
;; switch the traffic lights at the intersection for the client with user-id
to manual [current-id]
if not auto?
[
ask intersections with [user-id = current-id]
[
set green-light-up? (not green-light-up?)
set-signal-colors
]
]
end
;; change the value of the phase for the intersection at (xc,yc) to
;; the value passed by the client
to auto [current-id]
ask intersections with [user-id = current-id]
[
set my-phase hubnet-message
]
end
; Copyright 1999 Uri Wilensky and Walter Stroup.
; See Info tab for full copyright and license.
@#$#@#$#@
GRAPHICS-WINDOW
283
96

663
497
18
18
10.0
1
10
1
1
1
0
1
1
1
-18
18
-18
18
1
1
1
ticks
30.0
TEXTBOX
7
427
266
449
This chooser determines which plot is drawn.
11
0.0
0
BUTTON
94
237
176
270
login
listen-clients
T
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
PLOT
565
500
844
689
Average Wait Time of Cars
Time
Average Wait
0.0

100.0
0.0
5.0
true
false
"" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 0 -1893860 true "" "hide-or-show-pen \"Average Wait Time of Cars\
" \nplot mean [wait-time] of turtles"
PLOT
283
500
562
689
Average Speed of Cars
Time
Average Speed
0.0
100.0
0.0
1.0
true
false
"set-plot-y-range 0 speed-limit" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 0 -1893860 true "" "hide-or-show-pen \"Average Speed of Cars\" \np
lot mean [speed] of turtles"
BUTTON
288
60
406
93
Reset Instructions
setup-quick-start
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
BUTTON
574
60
658
93
NEXT >>>
view-next
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL

NIL
1
BUTTON
497
60
575
93
<<< PREV
view-prev
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
MONITOR
288
10
658
55
Quick Start Instructions- More in Info Window
quick-start
0
1
11
SLIDER
142
41
281
74
grid-size-y
grid-size-y
1
9
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL
SLIDER
1
41
139
74
grid-size-x
grid-size-x
1
9
5
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL

SWITCH
98
113
188
146
auto?
auto?
1
1
-1000
SWITCH
190
113
280
146
crash?
crash?
1
1
-1000
SWITCH
1
113
96
146
power?
power?
0
1
-1000
SLIDER
1
77
280
110
number
number
0
400
200
1
1
cars
HORIZONTAL
PLOT
1
500
280
689
Stopped Cars
Time
Stopped Cars
0.0
100.0
0.0

100.0
true
false
"set-plot-y-range 0 number" ""
PENS
"default" 1.0 0 -1893860 true "" "hide-or-show-pen \"Stopped Cars\"\nplot num-ca
rs-stopped\n"
BUTTON
177
237
259
270
NIL
go
T
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
SLIDER
1
149
153
182
simulation-speed
simulation-speed
0
10
7.5
0.1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL
SLIDER
155
149
280
182
speed-limit
speed-limit
0
1
1
0.1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL
BUTTON
11
237
93
270

NIL
setup
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER
NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
MONITOR
175
185
280
230
Current Phase
phase
3
1
11
SLIDER
1
201
173
234
ticks-per-cycle
ticks-per-cycle
1
100
20
1
1
NIL
HORIZONTAL
CHOOSER
6
450
176
495
plots-to-display
plots-to-display
"No plots" "Stopped Cars" "Average Speed of Cars" "Average Wait Time of Cars" "A
ll three plots"
4
BUTTON
182
458
274
491
Refresh Plots
update-plots
NIL
1
T
OBSERVER

NIL
NIL
NIL
NIL
1
@#$#@#$#@
## WHAT IS IT?
Students control traffic lights in a real-time traffic simulation. The teacher
controls overall variables, such as the speed limit and the number of cars. Thi
s allows students to explore traffic dynamics, which can lead into many areas of
study, from calculus to social studies.
Challenge the students to develop strategies to improve traffic and discuss the
different ways to measure the quality of traffic.
The coordinates for the traffic lights are based on the first quadrant of the Ca
rtesian plane. Therefore, the traffic light with the coordinates (0,0) is in th
e lowest row and the left-most column. The traffic light above it has coordinat
es (0,1) and the traffic light to the right of it has (1,0).
For further documentation, see the Participatory Simulations Guide found at http
://ccl.northwestern.edu/ps/
## HOW TO USE IT
### Quickstart instructions
Contains instructions as to how to quickly setup the model, and clients to run t
his activity. The instructions can be found below and can be seen progressively
in the Quick Start instructions monitor in the Interface:
Teacher: Follow these directions to setup the HubNet activity.
Optional: Zoom In (see Tools in the Menu Bar)
Change the traffic grid (using the sliders GRID-SIZE-X and GRID-SIZE-Y) to make
enough lights for everyone.
Change any other of the settings that you would like to change. For example, if
you plan on running Gridlock in the MANUAL mode, be sure to have AUTO? set to O
FF.
Press the SETUP button.
Press the LOGIN button.
Everyone: Open up a HubNet Client on your machine and input the IP Address of th
is computer, type your user name in the user name box and press ENTER.
Teacher: Once everyone is logged in and has a light, stop the LOGIN button by pr
essing it again.
Everyone: Whichever mode AUTO? is set for in NetLogo, you will control your inte
rsection in a different way:
If you have chosen MANUAL, you can change the state of your light by pressing th
e CHANGE LIGHT button.
If you have chosen AUTO, you can change the phase of your light by moving the PH
ASE slider to a different position.
Teacher: Once everyone is ready, start the simulation by pressing the GO button.
Teacher: You may want to view some of the plots. Do this by changing the PLOTSTO-DISPLAY chooser, which changes the plot displayed for everyone.

Choose
Choose
Choose
Choose
Choose

'No Plots' to turn off all the plots.

'Stopped Cars' to see the STOPPED CARS plot.
'Average Speed of Cars' for the AVERAGE SPEED OF CARS plot.
'Average Wait Time of Cars' for the AVERAGE WAIT TIME OF CARS plot.
'All three plots' for all the plots.

Teacher: To run the activity again with the same group, stop the model by pressi
ng the GO button, if it is on. Change the values of the sliders and switches to
the values you want for the new run. Press the SETUP button. Once everyone is
ready, restart the simulation by pressing the GO button.
Teacher: To start the simulation over with a new group, stop the model by pressi
ng the GO button, if it is on, press the RESET button in the Control Center and
follow these instructions again from the beginning.
### Buttons
SETUP - generates a new traffic grid based on the current GRID-SIZE-X and GRID-S
IZE-Y and NUM-CARS number of cars. This also clears all the plots. If the size
of the grid has changed the clients will be assigned to new intersections.
GO - runs the simulation indefinitely
LOGIN - allows users to log into the activity without running the model or colle
cting data
REFRESH PLOTS - redraws the plots based on the current value of PLOTS-TO-DISPLAY
. Useful for looking at different plots when GO is off.
### Sliders
SPEED-LIMIT - sets the maximum speed for the cars
NUMBER - the number of cars in the simulation (you must press the SETUP or RE-RU
N buttons to see the change)
SIMULATION-SPEED - the speed at which the simulation runs
TICKS-PER-CYCLE - sets the maximum value that the phase can be. This has no eff
ect when the model is run with AUTO? false. Also, the phase that each user choo
ses is scaled to be less than or equal to this value.
GRID-SIZE-X - sets the number of vertical roads there are (you must press the SE
TUP button to see the change)
GRID-SIZE-Y - sets the number of horizontal roads there are (you must press the
SETUP button to see the change)
### Choosers
PLOTS-TO-DISPLAY - determines which plot is drawn in NetLogo:
- No Plots.
- STOPPED CARS
- AVERAGE SPEED OF CARS
- AVERAGE WAIT TIME OF CARS
- All three plots.
### Switches
CRASH? - toggles car crashing
POWER? - toggles the presence of traffic lights
AUTO? - toggles between automatic mode, where the students' lights change on a c
ycle, and manual in which students directly control the lights with their client
s. Lights which aren't associated with clients always change on a cycle.
### Plots
STOPPED CARS - displays the number of stopped cars over time

AVERAGE SPEED OF CARS - displays the average speed of cars over time
AVERAGE WAIT TIME OF CARS - displays the average time cars are stopped over time
### Client Information
After logging in, the client interface will appear for the students. The contro
ls for manual and automatic mode are both included, but which one works is based
on the setting of the AUTO? switch in NetLogo. In MANUAL mode, click the CHANG
E LIGHT button to switch the state of the light you control. In AUTO mode, move
the PHASE slider to change the phase for your light. The phase determines what
percent of the way through the cycle to switch on.
## THINGS TO NOTICE
When cars have stopped at a traffic light, and then they start moving again, the
traffic jam will move backwards even though the cars are moving forwards. Why
is this? Discuss in your class possible reasons for this phenomena.
## THINGS TO TRY
Try changing the speed limit for the cars. How does this affect the overall eff
iciency of the traffic flow? Are fewer cars stopping for a shorter amount of ti
me? Is the average speed of the cars higher or lower than before?
Try changing the number of cars on the roads. Does this affect the efficiency o
f the traffic flow?
How about changing the speed of the simulation? Does this affect the efficiency
of the traffic flow?
Using HubNet, try running this simulation with AUTO? being true and AUTO? being
false. Is it harder to make the traffic move well using one scheme or the other
? Why?
Using HubNet, try running this simulation with AUTO? being true. Try to find a
way of setting the phases of the traffic lights so that the average speed of the
cars is the highest. Now try to minimize the number of stopped cars. Now try
to decrease the average wait time of the cars. Is there any correlation between
these different metrics?
## EXTENDING THE MODEL
Currently, the maximum speed limit (found in the SPEED-LIMIT slider) for the car
s is 1.0. This is due to the fact that the cars must look ahead the speed that
they are traveling to see if there are cars ahead of them. If there aren't, the
y speed up. If there are, they slow down. Looking ahead for a value greater th
an 1 is a little bit tricky. Try implementing the correct behavior for speeds g
reater than 1.
## HOW TO CITE
If you mention this model in a publication, we ask that you include these citati
ons for the model itself and for the NetLogo software:
* Wilensky, U. and Stroup, W. (1999). NetLogo HubNet Gridlock model. http://ccl
.northwestern.edu/netlogo/models/HubNetGridlock. Center for Connected Learning
and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.
* Wilensky, U. (1999). NetLogo. http://ccl.northwestern.edu/netlogo/. Center for
Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling, Northwestern University, Evanst

on, IL.
## COPYRIGHT AND LICENSE
Copyright 1999 Uri Wilensky and Walter Stroup.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-Share
Alike 3.0 License. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons
.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/ or send a letter to Creative Commons, 559 Nathan Abb
ott Way, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Commercial licenses are also available. To inquire about commercial licenses, pl
ease contact Uri Wilensky at uri@northwestern.edu.
This activity and associated models and materials were created as part of the pr
ojects: PARTICIPATORY SIMULATIONS: NETWORK-BASED DESIGN FOR SYSTEMS LEARNING IN
CLASSROOMS and/or INTEGRATED SIMULATION AND MODELING ENVIRONMENT. The project gr
atefully acknowledges the support of the National Science Foundation (REPP & ROL
E programs) -- grant numbers REC #9814682 and REC-0126227.
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