Gamma 2014
1. The principal function of TR is gas exchange. This process occurs by diffusion. Which of the
following is the most likely to result in diffusion limitation of oxygen uptake?
a. Breathing in high oxygen mixture
b. Thickening of alveolar wall by disease
c. Increasing of alveolar ventilation
d. Decreasing of dead space ventilation
e. Sleeping
2. A healthy, 45 years old man is reading the newspaper. Which of the following muscles are
used for quite breathing?
a. Diaphragm and external intercostals
b. Diaphragm and internal intercostals
c. Diaphragm
d. Internal intercostals and abdominal recti
e. Sternocleidomastoideid muscles
3. A healthy, 22 years of student participates in 10-KM marathon run. Which of the following
muscles does the student use (contract) during expiration?
a. Diaphragm and external intercostals
b. Diaphragm and internal intercostals
c. Diaphragm
d. Internal intercostals and abdominal recti
e. Sternocleidomastoideid muscles
4. The pleural pressure of a normal 56-years old woman is approximately before inspiration
(i.e.at functional residual capacity). What is the pleural pressure (in cm H20) during
inspiration?
a. + 1
b. + 4
c. 0
d. - 3
e. 7
5. The alveolar pressure of a normal 77 year old woman is approximately 1 cm H20 during
expiration. What is the alveolar pressure during inspiration (in cm H20)?
a. + 0,5
b. + 1
c. + 2
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10. When respiratory drive for increased pulmonary ventilation becomes greater than normal, a
special set of respiratory neurons that are inactive during normal quiet breathing then
becomes active, contributing to the respiratory drive. Which of the following structures are
these neurons located?
a. Apneustic center
b. Dorsal respiratory group
c. Nucleus of tractus solitaries
d. Pneumotaxic center
e. Ventral respiratory group
11. Parathyroid hormone is important in regulating calcium homeostasis. Which of the following
mechanisms is the direct action of parathyroid hormone?
a. Controls the rate of 25 hydroxycholicalciferol formation
b. Controls the rate of calcium transport in the mucosa of small intestine
c. Controls the rate of formation of calcium binding protein
d. Controls the rate of formation of 1,25 dihydroxycholicalciferl
e. Stimulates renal tubular phosphate reabsorption
12. Insulin is the mayor control for blood glucose level. Which of the following is the most likely
to produce the greatest increase in insulin secretion?
a. Amino acids
b. Amino acids and glucose
c. Amino acids and somatostatin
d. Glucose and somatostatin
e. Glucose and glucagons
13. A man eats a low carbohydrate meal, rich in proteins containing the amino acids that
stimulates insulin secretion. Which of the following responses accounts for the absence of
hypoglycemia?
a. Suppression of growth hormone
b. Suppression of somatomedin C secretion
c. Stimulation of cortisol secretion
d. Stimulation of glucagon secretion
e. Stimulation of epinephrine secretion
-50
Yes
90
-60
yes
45
-80
No
none
-adrenergic drug
-adrenergic drug
-adrenergic blocking drug
-adrenergic blocking drug
32. the decrease in heart rate that occurred at time 3 was most likely caused by
a. The direct affect of the drug on sinotrial (SA) node
b. The direct affect of the drug on the ventricular muscle
c. The occurrence of ventricular extra systoles
d. A reflex effect mediated by the chemoreceptor
e. A reflex effect mediated by the baroreceptor
33. Which of the following is the EGC manifestation f SA node depolarization?
a. The T wave
b. The P wave
c. The QRS complex
d. The U ware
e. It is not manifested on EGC
34. The phase of the response action potential that is associated with the voltage gated calcium
current is
a. Phase 0
b. Phase 1
c. Phase 2
d. Phase 3
e. Phase 4
35. Phase 0 of the slow response action potential is mediated by
a. Calcium
b. Sodium
c. Potassium
d. Chloride
e. Hydrogen
36. Arteriography of a patients left renal artery shows narrowing of the arterys radius by 50%.
What is the expected change in blood flow through the stenotic artery?
a. Decrease to
b. Decrease to
c. Decrease to 1/8
8
Digestif
Kardiovaskuler
Respirasi
Urinarius
Metabolism
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Sodium (Na+)
Potassium (Ca2+)
Calium (Ca2+)
Chloride (Cl)
All of the above
80. The effectors organs for the somatic motor nervous system are:
a. Cardiac muscle
b. Smooth muscle
c. Glands
d. Skeletal muscle
e. Al of these above
81. Which of these characteristics describe the somatic motor neuron system?
a. One neuron between CNS and skeletal muscle
b. Effect can be excitatory or inhibitory
c. Cell bodies in lateral part of the spinal cord
d. Receptor molecules can be nicotinic or muscarinic
e. All of the above
82. The parasympatic division
a. Decrease blood flow to the skin
b. Mediates many reflexes that regulate the digestive, urinary, and reproductive systems
c. Is responsible for the fight or flight response
d. Cause an increase in the metabolism
e. All of these
83. Which of these structures is innervated almost entirely by the sympathetic division?
a. Heart
b. Gastrointestinal tract
c. Urinary bladder
d. Blood vessel
e. Reproductive organs
84. Which of these effect results from the stimulation of the parasympatic division?
a. Increased heart rate and force
b. Increased blood flow to skeletal muscle
c. Increased contraction of smooth muscle in the wall of the digestive tracts
d. Increased glucose in the blood
e. Contraction of arrectorpili muscle
85. Which of these functions is not affected by parasympathetic stimulation?
a. Secretion of tears
b. Secretion of sweat
c. Secretion of insulin from the pancreas
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The H zones contain only actin, while the I bands contain only myosin
The H zones contain only actin, while the I bands contain both actin and myosin
The H zones contain both actin and myosin, while the I bands contain only actin
The H zones and the I bands each contain both actin and myosin
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111.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
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Apabila 2 liter cairan IV Dextrose 5% diberikan pada seorang pasien non-diabetic dengan
ekstraseluler:
a. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma meningkatkan osmolaitas cairan ekstraseluler
b. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma menurunkan osmolaritas cairan ekstraseluler
c. Peningkatan atau penurunan konsentrasi Na+ plasma tidak menyebabkan perubahan
osmolaritas cairan ekstraseluler yang berarti
d. Tidak ada hubungan konsentrasi Na+ plasma dengan osmolaritas cairan ekstraseluler
114. Bagaimana hubungan konsentrasi Na+ plasma dengan volume cairan tubuh?
a. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma menyebabkan peningkatan volume cairan
ekstraseluler tetapi volume cairan intraseluler turun
b. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma menyebabkan peningkatan volume cairan tubuh
total (total body fluid)
c. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma hanya menyebabkan peningkatan cairan
ekstraseluler sedangkan cairan intraseluler tidak berubah
d. Peningkatan konsentrasi Na+ plasma tidak ada hubungan dengan volume cairan
ektraseluler dan intraseluler
Dua orang nelayan ditemukan terapung dilaut karena kapalnya tenggelam 3 hari yang lalu. Pada
saat dibawa ke RS nelayan A dalam keadaan lemas dan mengalami dehidrasi sedangkan
temannya B dalam keadaan coma. Menurut keterangan A selama 3 hari dia meminum sedikit air
hujan ditampung dengan sebuah piring dan tidak makan, sedangkan temannya B karena tidak
tahan haus berkali-kali meminum air laut namun haus tidak hilang bahkan pda hari kedua B
mulai gelisah, kesadaran menurun dan mengalami halusinasi dan pada hari ketiga dia mulai tidak
sadar.
Catatan: Osmolaritas air laut 2000-2400 mEq/l karena kadar garam yang tinggi.
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116.
a.
b.
c.
d.
117.
Apa yang menyebabkan nelayan B mengalami gangguan neurologic, bahkan pada saat
120. Untuk mengatasi keadaan nelayan A cairan IV yang paling sesuai untuk diberikan adalah
larutan IV yang?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonik
d. Plasma expander
121. Untuk mengatasi keadaan nelayan B cairan IV yang paling sesuai untuk diberikan
adalah?
a. Isotonic
b. Hypotonic
c. Hypertonik
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122.
Apabila wanita diatas hanya diet rendah garam (<5g/hari) selama 1 bulan, yang paling
Tanda yang paling konsisten dari terjadinya dehidrasi pada wanita ini adalah:
Lethargy
Penurunan berat badan
Penurunan tekanan darah
Penurunan konsentrasi Na+ plasma darah
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