Someexamplesoflearningresourcesforinstructionalusearetextbooks,workbooks,
programmedmaterials,computer,televisionprograms,flatpictures,slidesandtransparencies,
maps,charts,cartoons,posters,models,mockups,flannel,boardmaterials,chalkboards,real
objectsandthelike.
Afterinstructions,teacherevaluatestheoutcomeofinstruction.Fromtheevaluation
results,teachercomestoknowiftheinstructionalobjectivewasattained.Iftheinstructional
objectivewasattained,teacherproceedstothenextlessongoingthroughthesamecycleonce
more.Ifinstructionalobjectiveswasnotattained,thenteacherdiagnoseswasnotlearnedand
findsoutwhyitwasnotlearnedinordertointroducedaremedialmeasureforimprovedstudent
performanceandattainmentofinstructionalobjectives.
Analysis
GuideQuestionsforDiscussions
1.Whoisatthecenterofthechart?Whatdoesthecentrallocationinthechart
mean?
Ans:As depicted in the chart, the focus of systematic instructional planning is the
student. Instruction begins with the definition of instructional objectives that consider
the students' needs, interests and readiness.The central location in the
2.Whatarethestepsoftheinstructionalprocessorthepartsofasystematicinstruction?
Ans:Thefollowingarethestepsoftheinstructionalprocess:
a.DefineObjectives
b.Chooseappropriatemethods
c.Chooseappropriateexperiences
d.Selectmaterials,equipmentandfacilities
e.Assignpersonnelroles
f.Implementtheinstruction
g.EvaluateOutcomes
h.Refinetheprocess
3.Whatdoeseachstepmean?
4.Inwhatwaydoesthechartshowthesystematicorsystemsapproachtoinstruction?Arethe
elementsorphasesofinstructionindependentofoneanotherordotheyrelatetooneanother?
Ans:Thephasesorelementsareconnectedtooneanother.Ifoneelementoronephaseofthe
instructionalprocessfails.Theoutcomewhichislearningisadverselyaffected.Theattainment
ofthelearningobjectiveisdependentonthesynergyofallelementsandfallactorsinvolvedin
theprocess.