HARD
Nosegear
Touchdowns
JEFF BLAND
DAVID CARBAUGH
MANAGER
DYNAMIC LOADS
CHIEF PILOT
FLIGHT OPERATIONS SAFETY
FLIGHT OPERATIONS
April
April 2002,
2002, No.
No. 18
18
AERO
FIGURE
INCIDENTS OF HARD
NOSEGEAR LANDINGS
AERO
FIGURE
FIGURE
AERO
STRUCTURAL DESIGN
REQUIREMENTS
FIGURE
120
100
Redesigned metering pin
80
60
Former metering pin
40
20
AERO
10
12
14
16
FIGURE
Potential
airframe damage
Structural capability
Maximum
forward
pressure
Maximum
back
pressure
Neutral
AERO
TABLE
The Flight Safety Foundation suggests that operators consider adopting the
following definition of a stabilized approach: All flights shall be stabilized
by the 1,000-ft height above touchdown (HAT) in instrument meteorological
conditions and by the 500-ft HAT in visual meteorological conditions.
An approach is considered stabilized by the Flight Safety Foundation when
the following criteria have been met:
Only small changes in heading and pitch are required to maintain that path.
The airplane speed is not higher than Vref + 20 kt indicated airspeed and
not lower than Vref.
The sink rate is no more than 1,000 ft/min. If an approach requires a higher
sink rate, a special briefing should be performed.
The power setting is appropriate for the configuration and not below the
minimum power for approach as defined by the airplane operations manual.
Visual The wings must be level on final approach when the airplane
reaches the 500-ft HAT.
Source: Flight Safety Foundation Approach and Landing Accident Reduction (ALAR) Task Force
AERO
SUMMARY
FIGURE
Radio altitude, ft
200
100
100
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
(Nose up)
4
0
(Nose down)
4
12
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
16
20
24
28
32
36
40
40
(Pull)
0
(Push)
40
12
AERO