;
= 2 + 4 .
integramos la ecuacin I .
; = 2
; = 2 y + g y .
Derivamos la ecuacin (*) con respecto y.
;
= 2 + g` y . .
2 + 4 = 2 + g y
g` y = 4 .
g y =
g y = 2 2 +
reemplazando en (*).
; = 2 y + g y
; = 2 y + 2 2 +
Pgina 1
. + + + =
; = 32 + 6 2
= 6 2 ;
; = 32 2 + 3 2
= 6 2
(; )
= 32 + 6 2
; = 3 + 32 2 + ()
(; )
= 32 2 + = 32 2 + 3 2
()
= 3 +
3 + 32 2 + 3 =
3).
, =
Solucin:
=
=
2 2
2
1
2
1
+ 2
Derivamos:
2 2 2 2
=
2 2 2
2 + 2 4 + 2 2
=
2 + 2 2
Como:
La EDO no es exacta
. )
+
+ =
( + )
Solucion:
2 + + ( + )2 = 0
2 + + +
= 0
2 + + 2 + 2 + 2 = 0
Pgina 2
2 + 2 + 2 + 3 = 0
= 2
= 2 =
= 2 + 2 + 3 =
= 2 + 3
) + + + = ,
Solucin:
= +
= + + + 1
= 1 + + 2
= + 2
= + 2 + + 2
= 1 + + 2( + )
Como:
6) ( ) + + dy= 0
= ln +
+
+
; =
`
+ ` `( + )
=
+
( )2
+ 2
=
+
=
( )2
Pgina 3
`
+ ` `( + )
=
( )2
+ 2
+
=
=
2
( )
( )2
, la ecuacion es exacta
,
=
,
+
= ln +
, =
ln +
=ln(x-y)
=
, =
=
=
=
=
, = + + 2 +
, = + + + + 2 +
, = + + +
,
+
=
+ ln + 1 + ` =
1 + ` = 0
=
1 = +
, = + ln + +
(x+y)ln(x-y)=k
) + [ +
+
()] =
Solucin:
= sec tan tan
Pgina 4
= sec + sec
+ tan
()
sec
. .
8): Solucin:
1 + tan
() + sec tan + 2
+ = 0
1 + tan
() + sec tan + + 2 + sec tan
+ 2 = 0
1 + tan + sec tan + 2 + sec tan + 2
=0
, = 1 + tan + sec tan + 2
, = sec tan + 2
, = ,
, =
, =
, = (, )
sec tan + 2
sec tan + 2
, = sec + + . .1
= , sec +
Derivando:
Pgina 5
, sec + + 2
Remplazando:
= 1 + tan + sec tan + 2 sec +
+ 2
Integrando:
= + 2
Remplazando: 2 en 1
, = sec + + +
II.- resolver las siguientes EDOs. Como lineales o como ecuaciones de Bernoulli.
1) + = ()
= ()
= cos
SOLUCIN
()
()
()
cos
()
= ()
= ()
() () +
= ()
( + )
Pgina 6
).
Solucion:
2 3
=
= 3
= 3
2
= ()
=
1
= 2ln ()
1
=
2
=
=
()
1
=
2
()
1
2 +
2
1
1
=
2
2
1
=
4
2 +
2 +
: = , = 2 =
3
; =
:
2
3
3
1 3
=
+
3 3
2
Pgina 7
3
3
= +
3
9
2
1
3
3
=
+
4
3
9
3) + + =
Solucin:
+ 2 + =
+ 2 =
Donde:
= 2
2
() =
=
()
Reemplazando en la frmula
2
= 2
( ) 2 +
= 2
6
4
+ 2 3 +
..1
=
= 2
= 2
=
2
= 2
= 2
2
2
..2
Pgina 8
=
2
+ .3
= 2
= 2
+ ..4
6
4
6
4
2 2
6
4
2 2
4.-
6
4
2
2
+ 2 3
+
+
, ,
Solucin:
+ =
+ =
Donde:
=
; () =
Entonces:
=
Reemplazando en la formula:
Pgina 9
+ =
7)
SOLUCIN:
:
2 + 3 4 3 = 0
2 + 3 = 4 3
2 :
3
+
= 4
3
; = 4
: = ()
=
= ln (
3)
:
= 3
:
=
()
= 3
= 4 3
. () +
3 4 +
5
+
5
4
= 8 +
5
9). x 2 y + 2xy y 3 = 0
dy 2xy y 3
+
= 2 formando la ecuacion de Bernuolli , n 0,1
dx x 2
x
dy
2
1
2
1
+
y = 2 y 3 siendo n = 3 ; P x =
,Q x = 2
dx
x
x
x
x
multiplicando por y 3 con el fin de obtener una ecuacion lineal.
y 3
dy
2
1
+
yy 3 = 2 y 3 y 3
dx
x
x
Pgina 10
y 3
dy
2 2
1
+
y = 2 (i)
dx
x
x
dy
dx
dy dz
dy
dz
=
y 3
=
remplazando en i
dx dx
dx 2dx
dz
2
1
+
z= 2
2dx
x
x
dz
4
2
+
z = 2 se obtiene una ecuacion lineal de primer orden en z.
dx
x
x
4
donde: P x = ,
x
Q x =
2
x2
Entonces:
z=e
= e4
1
dx
x
= e4ln
=e
2
e
x2
4
dx
x
dx +
1 4
e
x2
1
dx
x dx + c
1 4ln x
e
dx + c
x2
4
dx
x
1
ln 4
x
1
2
x4
1 x3
2 +c
x4
3
z=
1 ln
e
x2
x4
dx + c
x 2 dx + c . . (ii)
2
c
+ 4
3x x
Remplazando en y (1n) = z y 2 =
y 2 =
2
c
+ 4
3x x
Pgina 11
).
+ =
Solucin:
2 + 2 2 = 2
Primero dndole la forma de la ecuacin de BERNOULLI
2 + 2 2
= 2
2 + 2 2
=
2
2
2
2
=
2 2 2
=
2 2 2
1 1 2 1 1
=
+
2
2
2
1 1 2 1 1
2
2
2
Multiplicando la igualdad por x
2 1 2 1
=
(1)
2
2
2
Haciendo un cambio
= 2
= 2
1
=
. . (2)
2
=
2
2
2
2
1 = 2 1
+ 1 = 2 1 . . 3
Pgina 12
= 1
=
=
= 2 1
= () =
2 1 1
1 2 2
= + 2 1 + = 2 + 2 +
= 2 + 2 +
Reemplazando su valor inicial a z
2 = 2 + 2 +
2 = 2 + + 2
12). + + =
Solucin:
3 + + 1
=
3 2
3 + + 1 = 3 2
3
1
3 2
+
+
=
3 2 3 2 3 2
3 2
1
+1
+
=
3
3 2
1
+ 1 2
=
(1)
3
3
Pgina 13
= 1(2)
= 3 =
= 3 2
1
(2)
3 2
Remplazamos 2 en 1:
1
+ 1 2
=
3
3
3
13
+ 1 ( )2
( )
=
3
3
3
3( )2
1
Multiplicamos a todo 2 3 :
+1
=
3 3
3
= + 1
=1 , =+1
Remplazamos en:
=
=
Trabajamos con ecuacin lineal:
=
()
Trabajando con Z:
=
( + 1) +
= + + +
= + 2 +
Remplazamos z:
Pgina 14
3 = + 2 +
=
+ 2 +
III.- resulvase cada una de las ecuaciones siguientes, sujetas a las condiciones dadas.
2) y``y`=1
y`2
Y(0)=5
`
=1
Y=5
y`2 ` =
3 14
14
3
3 14
= +
= 3 14
3 14
` =
y`3
= +
3
1
= 5+
3
, Y` = 1
y`3
14
=
3
3
, Y`(0)=1
= 3
= +
33
2
3
= +
2
3 14
2
3
2
3
=+
= 0, = 0
196
2
3
2 + 196 + 14
3
Pgina 15
1)
Solucin:
1;
; 2
1
= 0
0
2 2
4 2
8 2
:
1; ; 2 2 = ( 8 2 4 2 )
Por lo tanto:
1; ; 2 2 = 12 0
2) en cualquier intervalo I
Solucin:
W ;
2
2 2
4 2
3
3 3
9 3
Hallamos la determinante:
2
2 2
4 2
3
3 3 = ( 2 2 9 3 + 4 2 3 + 2 3 3 )
9 3
-( 3 2 2 2 +3 3 4 2 +93 2
W ; 2 ; 3 = 2 6 0
W ; 2 ; 3 0
Por lo tanto 2 3 si son linealmente independientes
,
(),
).
()
Solucin
W ( , cos
(), () ) =
(W
(
, cos
(), ()
( + )
= 2 + 2 +
Pgina 16
W ( , cos
(), () ) = + ( + )
, , = + + 2 + 2
, , = + + 2 + 2
, , = + 2 + 2
, , = + ( 2 + 2 )
, , = +
, , = 2 2 0 ; .
. .
, , ;
4)
SOLUCIN:
= 1
0
0
, , ,
23 ,
(1 + )
(2 + )
(3 + )
(1 + )
(2 + )
(3 + )
2 3
(3 + 1)
(3 + 4)
(3 + 7)
1
(3 + 1)
(3 + 4) 0
(3 + 7)
0
(3 + 1)
1
+ 0 (3 + 4)
0 (3 + 7)
(1 + )
(2 + )
(3 + )
(3 + 1)
(3 + 4)
(3 + 7)
1 (1 + )
(2 + 3) 0 (2 + )
0 (3 + )
2 2 + 3 + 7 + 2 (3 + )(3 + 4)
1 + 2 3 + 7 + 2 3 + 4 (3
+ 1) 2 3 + 2 (2 + )
2 2 + 3 + 7 + 2 3 + 4 3 + + 1 + 0
3 + 1 0 + 2 3 + 7 + 2 3 + 4 0 + 0 (2
+ 3) 2 3 + 2 2 + 0 + 0
= 3 13 + 14 + 3 2 + 3 (13 + 12 + 3 2 )
1 3 2 7 2 + 3 2 + 4 2 (3
+ 1) 3 2 + 2 2 2 2
:
, , , 23 , = 0 + 2 3 3 3 2 2 3 2
, , , 23 , 0
. .
Pgina 17
). , (,
Como son 2 funciones: f x
= x2 ,
f x
= x3
= 1 1
x
2
1
=3 x
=
1 2 = x
x 3
3
1
2 x
1 2
1 1
x 3
x
3
2
6 x
1
1
1 1
x 6 por lo tanto las funciones: x 2 , x 3 son linealmente independientes
6
1
6
>0
) , . en cualquier intervalo I
Tendr dos determinantes:
: > 0; 1 = 2 ; 2 = . = 2
1 ; 2
2
=
2
2 = 2 3 2 3 = 0
2
.
: < 0; 1 = 2 ; 2 = . = 2
1 ; 2
2
=
2
2 = 2 3 + 2 3 = 0
2
.
2 , . ; Son linealmente dependientes
8). , , () en cualquier intervalo
Solucin:
cos
cos , cos , () = sen
cos
= ()2 cos
sen
+ sen cos
cos
sen
cos
()
()
()
cos cos
cos sen
Pgina 18
= ()2 cos
2 + sen
+ cos
+ cos +
sen
sen
= ()2 cos
+ sen
cos
sen
cos
cos
sen cos
2
+ sen
sen
cos
sen
cos
()
() = 1 0
()
1 2
= 0 2
0 2 cos
= 1, 2 , 1
= 1, 2 , 1
= 2 (2)
= 1, 2 , 1
=0
1
cos
2() ()
2cos
() cos
()
1, 2 , 1
= 1 + 2 4
2). + 4 21 = 0
Pgina 19
Solucin:
=
2 + 4 21 = 0
3 +7 = 0
3 = 0
+7=0
1 = 3 ; 2 = 7
Como las races son reales y diferentes, entonces su ecuacin diferencial ser:
= 1 1 + 2 2
= 1 3 + 2 7
= 1 3 + 2 7 .
3: Solucin:
+ + =
2 =
Remplazando:
4 2 + 20 + 25 = 0
5
=0
1 = ==
5
2
2 = ==
5
2
Entonces:
5
= 1 2 + 2 2
Pgina 20
4). + + =
=
2 + 4 + 13 = 0
12 =
4 16 4(13)
2
12 =
4 2 4 13
2
12 = 2 3i
1 = 2 + 3i
2 = 2 3i
= 1 2 cos
(3)
+ 2 2 (3)
. + +
Solucin:
4 + 4 + 5 = 0
Usamos el operador D=y
4 2 + 4 + 5 = 0
hallamos las soluciones.
12 =
4 42 4 5 4
24
12 = 4 64
12 =
4 64
8
1
12 =
2
= 1
cos + 2
sin + 3
cos + 4
sin
Pgina 21
7)
Solucin:
2
2
2
2
+ 9
=0
6 + 9 = 0
Reemplazando: =
Obtenemos:
2 6 + 9 = 0
3 3 = 0
las raices son reales e iguales por lo tanto:
3=3=
La ecuacin es:
= 1 3 + 2 3
). +
+=
Solucin:
4 ,, + 4 , + = 0
4 2 + 4 + 1 = 0
(2 + 1)2 = 0
1 =
1
1
2 =
2
2
= 1 /2 + 2 /2 .
11) + 6 + 13
=0
Solucin:
+ 6 + 13 = 0
=
2 + 6 + 13 = 0
Pgina 22
:
=
6 36 52
6 16
==
2
2
= 3 2
1 = 3 + 2
2 = 3 2
= 1 cos + 2 . . (1)
(1)
= 1 3 cos 2 + 2 3 2 + 3 3 cos 2 + 4 3 2
= 1 3 cos 2 + 2 3 2 + 3 3 cos 2 4 3 2 .
9) 10" + 6 + = 0
Solucin:
Por definicin tenemos:
= D
= D
Reemplazando:
10 2 + 6 + 1 = 0..(factorizamos)
a= 10, b= 6, c= 1
x1,2 =
2 4
2
x1,2 =
6 62 4(10)(1)
2(10)
6 4
20
62
20
Por lo tanto:
X1 =
3+
10
; X2 =
3
10
Reemplazamos en la frmula:
= c1 cos + c2 ()
3
= c1 10 cos
10
+ c2 10 sen
10
Pgina 23
10)
SOLUCIN:
2 2 1 = 0
:
=
2 22 4(1)(1)
2(1)
1 = 1 + 2
2 = 1 2
:
= 1 (1+
2)
+ 2 (1
2)
2)
+ 2 (1+
2)
= 1 (1
5
2
=0
D1 = 0, D2 = 0, D3 = 0, D4 = 0,
5
5
D5 =
2
2
5x
+ C6 xe
5x
5x
+ C6 xe
5x
1). y + 5y + 4y = 0
se tomara: = D, remplazando , el polinomio caracteristico de la ecuacion deferencial es.
= 4D(6) 20D(5) + 25D(4) = 0
= D(4) 4D(2) 20D + 25
=D
(4)
5
D
2
=0
Pgina 24
D1 = 0, D2 = 0, D3 = 0, D4 = 0,
5
5
D5 =
2
2
5x
=0 ;
+ C6 xe
5x
5x
+ C6 xe
5x
16 7 8 6 + 5 = 0
5 (162 8 + 1) = 0
5 (4 1)2 = 0
1,2,3,4,5 = 0 ; 6,7 =
1
4
= 1 0 + 2 0 + 3 2 0 + 4 3 0 + 5 4 0 + 6 0 + 7 0
= 1 + 2 + 3 2 + 4 3 + 5 4 + 6 + 7
).
( + ) =
Solucion:
=
Entonces
4 2 8 + 7 = 0
7
4( 2 2 + ) = 0
4
2 2 +
7
=0
4
( 1)2 1 +
( 1)2 +
7
=0
4
3
=0
4
( 1)2 =
=1
3
4
3
4
Pgina 25
=1
1 = 1 +
2
3
2 = 1
3
+ 2 sen
2
3
3
3
+ 3 cos
+ 4 sen
2
2
2
= 1 cos
3
+ 2 sen
2
3
+ 3 cos
2
= 1 + 3 cos
3
+ 2 4 sen
2
= 1 + 3 cos
3
+ 2 4 sen
2
3
4 sen
2
Pgina 26