PHCH137 1st exam

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

TJLBs part: PHYSICAL CONSTANTS

A.
A
C
D
C
A
D
B
A
B
C

11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.

A
C

C
A
A
A
B
B

21.
22.
B.
1. What is the concentration in moles/L? (not sure to. Tinry ko lang isolve. Wala akong sagot nung
exam.)
23. Given: = 3.7; l = 200 mm; c = 183g/ml ; MW = 372.45 g/mol
24.

C=

100
lc

100 (3.7 )
(2 dm)(183 g/ml)

25.
C = 1.0109 g per 100 mL
26.
C = (10.109 g/L) (1mol/372.45g)
27.
C = 2.7143 x 10-2 mol/L
28. Formula:
- []20D = (liquid) l represents the length of the polarimeter tube; d is the density of the sample =

ld

(solid) c is the concentration in terms of gram per 100 mL =

100
lc

2. Why should optical rotation be observed within 30 minutes of preparation?

29.
Optical rotation should be within 30 minutes after preparation because there is a
tendency that the configuration is changed due to addition of reagents in the preparation. Other
isomers may be present if observed longer than 30 minutes. PI: RACEMATION!
3. What are the 2 prisms of refractometer?
30.
The 1st prism / diffusing prism has a grounded surface that can generate light in all
direction. The 2nd prism / refracting prism has a detector on the back side of RP show a light region to
the left and a dark region to the right.
4. Why is monochromatic light used in refractive index? Why is white light not used?
31. Monochromatic light is used to make sure that only one wavelength of light is shun into the
compound since other wavelengths of light may be absorbed and alter the rotator power of the
substance. White light cannot be used because it is polychromatic meaning it contains many types of
light with different wavelengths which may produce in discernment when choosing the wavelength of
determination.
5. What is the composition of the peppermint oil-peanut oil mixture?
32. Given:
33.
RI of Peppermint Oil, 20C = 1.459 + 1.465
34.
RI of Peanut Oil, 40C = 1.462 + 1.469
35.
RI of mixture, 25C = 1.465
36.
Change in refractive index = +0.0004 per 1C
37. (Minali ni sir computation ko pero tama answer)
38. Answer: 75% peppermint oil, 25% peanut oil
6. Describe solubility based on USP specifications.
39.
Descriptive
40.
Parts of
Term
Solvent
41.
Very Soluble
42.
Less than 1
43.
Freely Soluble
44.
1-10
45.
Soluble
46.
10-30
47.
Sparingly
48.
30-100
Soluble
49.
Slightly
50.
100-1000
Soluble
51.
Very Slightly
52.
1000-10000
Soluble
53.
Insoluble
54.
More than

10000
7. Congealing point vs. freezing point. (di ko sure ung tanong dito)
55.
Congealing temperature is the temperature at which the liquid passes into the solid
phase upon cooling while freezing point is the temperature at which the solid phase is at equilibrium
with the liquid phase.
56.
[Melting point is the temperature at which the solid coalesces and is completely melted.
The melting point and the freezing point are of the same temperature. Both solid and liquid phases
are present at this temperature.]
8. What are the limits for boiling point determination using Method III (BP 2007 / USP30)?
57.
Lower limit is the temperature at which the first drop of condensate leaves the condenser
while the upper limit is the temperature at which the last drop of distillate evaporates from the
condenser regardless of adhering droplets on vessel walls.
9. Allowable range for temperature of ignition: 425 + 25C
58.
400C - 450C
59.
Allowable amount of sample to be used:
60.
Formula: Weight = 10 / L
where L is the mean value of the limits
61.
10/L = 10/(20%)
62.
L = 0.5 grams
63.
Constant weight is achieved when when successive weighing agrees to +0.25mg per g of
sample.
10. Pretreatments done in alcohol content determination:
64. A. Talc clarifying agent
65. B. Dilute sulfuric acid, Sodium hydroxide TS neutralizes the solution
66. C. Zn or Na2S2O3 solution followed by a few drops of NaOH removes interfering color of
iodine
11. Sp.gr. = Wtsubstance / Wtwater
67.
= (10.339g 5.478g) / (10.484g 5.478g)
68.
= 0.9710
69. From the alcoholimetric table, %w/w = 18.77 and %w/v = 23
12. Water Determination Method IA, Direct titration (Karl Fischer Titration) reagents and uses,
equations
70. I2 OA; 1 reagent
71. SO2 RA; 1 reagent
72. Pyridine, C5H5N complex formation
73. Methanol solvent for the complex formed
74.
I2 + SO2 + 2H2O 2HI + H2SO4
75.
C5H5NI2 + C5H5NSO2 + C5H5N + H2O 2 C5H5NHI + C5H5NSO3
76.
C5H5N+SO3- + CH3OH C5H5N(H)SO4CH3
13. What is the % water of the sample? Does it conforms to the official requirement (OR: not more
than 4.0%)?
77. Given:
78.
88.36 ml titrant
79.
1.48 ml KFR per 100 ml titrant
80.
9.51 ml KFR consumed
81.
0.1518 g sample
82. Formula:
83.
%W = F(X - XR)
84.
R = Vol. of KFR consumed / 25
85.
F, KFR < 1% = 2 (18.02/230.08)(W/V)
86.
87.
(I tried. Pero Di ko alam isolve. sorry.)
88.
F = 2 (18.02/230.08)(W/V)
89.
F = 2 (18.02/230.08)(0.1518g/9.51ml)
90.
F = 0.00250033
91.
92.
X = 88.36 ml

93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100.
101.
102.
103.
104.

X = 5 ml
R = Vol. of KFR consumed / 25
R = (1.48 ml KFR per 100 ml) / 25
R = 0.0592 per 100 ml
%W = F(X - XR)
%W = (0.00250033)[(88.36ml) (5ml)(0.0592 per 100 ml)]
%W = 0.22018906

105.
RAVCs part: LIMIT TESTS
1. a. Effect of introduction of analyte as a solvent contaminant
106.
false negative result will be observed since the amount of analyte decreases due
to its action as a solvent contaminant.
107.
b. Effect of introduction of contaminants from reaction of the solvent
108.
false positive result will be observed since contaminants from the vessel joins
and acts as analyte in the analysis.
2. Applications / Advantages and Limitations of Acids
109.
3. What is microwave decomposition? Give 2 equipments.
110.
Microwave decomposition is a process of decomposing substances with the use of lights
found in the microwave region which offers high temperature, speed, reduced interference, and
reduced operator time. Equipments include (1) vessels for moderate-pressure digestions, (2) highpressure microwave vessels, (3) atmospheric pressure digestions, (4) microwave ovens, (5)
microwave furnaces.
4. What is Schoniger Method? Draw the set-up.
111.Schoniger Method is combustion of organic compounds in the presence of oxygen in a sealed
container.

112.
5. Complete the table.
113.
114.
Method
Article
of
Analysis
118.
Arseni

119.

123.

124.

128.
Chlori

129.

133.
Iron
138.
Phosp
143.
Sulfat

115.

Princi
ple
Involv
ed

116.

Chemical
Reactions

117.

120.

121.

122.

125.

126.

127.

130.

131.

132.

134.

USP 30
Method I
(Marsh
Test)
BP 2007
(Gutzeits
Test)
USP 30
& BP
2007
USP 30

135.

136.

137.

139.

BP 2007

140.

141.

142.

144.

USP 30
& BP
2007

145.

146.

147.

148.
6. Heavy Metals USP 30
149.
Compare and contrast Methods I-III

Visible
Result

150.
7. Lead vs Mercury Method I Limit Test
151.
Both use dithizone as reagent to form a colored complex.
152.
Lead violet chloroform layer (neutralized by ammonium citrate)
- Differentiation test: formation of white precipitate with potassium cyanide
153.
Mercury green chloroform layer stabilized by acetic acid (acidic; pH 1-3); red
organic layer
8. Heavy Metals BP 2007 - Thioacetamide
154.
Compare and Contrast Methods A-F
155.
156.

157.