INFORME N 2
LABORATORIO DE HIDRAULICA TERICA
Integrantes:
INDICE
Introduccin ____________________________________________________________3
Objetivos
Objetivo general ___________________________________________________4
Objetivos especficos________________________________________________4
Desarrollo ______________________________________________________________5
Caso 1. Plano vertical parcialmente sumergido _________________________________5
Lectura nmero 1. __________________________________________________6
Lectura nmero 2. __________________________________________________7
Lectura nmero 3. __________________________________________________9
Lectura nmero 4 __________________________________________________11
Caso 2. Plano vertical totalmente sumergido. __________________________________13
Lectura n 5 ______________________________________________________14
Lectura n 6. ______________________________________________________16
Lectura n 7. ______________________________________________________18
Lectura n 8. ______________________________________________________20
Lectura n 9. ______________________________________________________22
Conclusin _____________________________________________________________25
INTRODUCCIN
El presente trabajo pertenece a la asignatura de Construccin 5, donde se elaborara
un ensayo de la prctica realizada en el Laboratorio de Hidrulica 1, donde se
determinar el Centro de Presin en una superficie plana. Esta prctica se realizara
para una mejor compresin de la dinmica de los fluidos.
Las fuerzas distribuidas de la accin de fluido sobre una rea finita pueden
remplazarse convenientemente por una fuerza resultante. El ingeniero debe calcular
las fuerzas ejercidas por los fluidos con el fin de poder disear satisfactoriamente
las estructuras que los contienen. Es de suma importancia, calcular la magnitud de
la fuerza resultante y su lnea de accin (centro de presin).
OBJETIVOS
Objetivo General:
Objetivos Especficos:
DESARROLLO
Caso 1. Plano vertical parcialmente sumergido.
Lectura N
1
2
3
4
W (gr)
50
100
150
200
H (mm)
200
200
200
200
d(mm)
47
66
82
96
Donde:
-
W(kg
)
50
100
150
200
H(m () A(
)
2 )
0.2 0.023 0.001
5
8
0.2 0.033 0.002
5
0.2 0.041 0.006
2
0.2 0.048 0.007
2
(kgf)
0.812
6
1.602
5
2.473
6
3.390
3
h(m)
MR
MT
0.166
0.0138
0.0316
0.168
4
0.163
6
0.159
1
0.0275
0.0878
0.0413
0.0878
0.055
0.2166
%
error
(m)
(m)
0.013 0.038
9
0.034 0.054
4
8
0.045 0.054
6
8
0.055 0.063
1
9
%
error
66.23
37.23
16.79
13.77
= 0.0235m
A= B*d
A= (0.075m)*(0.0235m)
A= 0.0018
=
1
2
2
(1000 3 ) (9.81
) (0.075)(0.047)2
2
= 0.8126 N
2
2
2(0.05)(0.275)
(1000 3 ) (0.075)(0.047)2
= 0.166
MR= WL
MR= (0.05kg) (0.275m)
MR= 0.0138 kg*m
3
=
12
(0.075)(0.047)3
12
= 0.00065103 4
= +
( )()
= (0.0235) +
0.00065103 4
(0.0235)(0.00182 )
= 0.0389
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.047
1 = 0.153
. = 1
. = 0.166 0.153
. = 0.013
MT= ( )( )
MT= (0.8126 )(0.0389)
MT= 0.0316
% =
% =
( )
0.0385 0.013
(0.0385)
X 100
X 100
% = 66.23
LECTURA NMERO 2.
= d/2
=
0.066
2
= 0.033m
1
2
2
(1000 3 ) (9.81
) (0.075)(0.066)2
2
= 1.6025 N
2
2
2(0.1)(0.275)
(1000 3 ) (0.075)(0.066)2
= 0.1684
MR= WL
MR= (0.1kg) (0.275m)
MR= 0.0275 kg*m
3
12
(0.075)(0.066)3
=
12
= 0.0018103 4
= +
( )()
= (0.033) +
0.0018103 4
(0.033)(0.00252 )
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.066
1 = 0.134
. = 1
. = 0.1684 0.134
. = 0.0344 m
MT= ( )( )
MT= (1.6025 )(0.0548)
MT= 0.0878
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.0548 0.0344
(0.0548)
X 100
% = 37.23
LECTURA NMERO 3.
= d/2
=
0.082
2
= 0.041m
A= B*d
A= (0.075m)*(0.082m)
A= 0.0062m
1
2
2
(1000 3 ) (9.81
) (0.075)(0.082)2
2
= 2.4736 N
2
2
2(0.15)(0.275)
(1000 3 ) (0.075)(0.082)2
= 0.1636
MR= WL
MR= (0.15kg) (0.275m)
MR= 0.0413 kg*m
3
12
(0.075)(0.082)3
=
12
= 0.0035103 4
= +
( )()
= (0.041) +
0.0035103 4
(0.041)(0.00622 )
= 0.0548
10
. = 1
. = 0.1636 0.118
. = 0.0456m
MT= ( )( )
MT= (1.6025 )(0.0548)
MT= 0.0878
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.0548 0.0456
(0.0548)
X 100
% = 16.79
LECTURA NMERO 4.
= d/2
=
0.096
2
= 0.048m
A= B*d
A= (0.075m)*(0.096m)
A= 0.0072m
11
1
2
2
(1000 3 ) (9.81
) (0.075)(0.096)2
2
= 3.3903 N
2
2
2(0.2)(0.275)
(1000 3 ) (0.075)(0.096)2
= 0.1591
MR= WL
MR= (0.2kg) (0.275m)
MR= 0.055 kg*m
3
12
(0.075)(0.096)3
=
12
= 0.0055103 4
= +
( )()
= (0.048) +
0.0055103 4
(0.048)(0.00722 )
= 0.0639
12
. = 1
. = 0.1591 0.104
. = 0.0551
MT= ( )( )
MT= (3.3903 )(0.0639)
MT= 0.2166
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.0639 0.0551
(0.0639)
X 100
% = 13.77
W (gr)
250
300
350
400
450
H (mm)
200
200
200
200
200
Donde:
-
d: Es la profundidad de sumersin
F: Es el empuje hidrosttico ejercido sobre el plano.
h: Es la distancia del centro de presin debajo del eje.
D: Es la altura de la superficie.
B: Es el ancho de la superficie.
hcg: Es la profundidad del centro de presin.
13
d(mm)
107
120
133
145
156
W(kg
)
250
300
350
400
450
H(m () A(
)
2 )
0.2 0.057 0.007
5
0.2
0.07 0.007
5
0.2 0.083 0.007
5
0.2 0.095 0.007
5
0.2 0.106 0.007
5
(kgf)
4.193
8
5.150
3
6.106
7
6.989
6
7.799
h(m)
MR
MT
0.160
8
0.157
1
0.154
6
0.154
4
0.155
7
0.0688
0.3145
0.0825
0.4667
0.0963
0.651
0.11
0.8513
0.1238
1.0591
LECTURA N 5
= ( )
2
= (0.107 (
0.1
))
2
= 0.057m
A= B x D
A= (0.075m) x (0.1m)
A= 0.0075m
14
(m)
0.067
9
0.077
1
0.087
6
0.099
4
0.111
7
(m)
0.075
%
error
9.47
0.090
6
0.106
6
0.121
8
0.135
8
14.90
17.82
18.39
17.75
= (
= (1000
)
2
0.1
) (9.81 2 ) (0.075)(0.1) (0.107
)
3
= 4.1938
( 2 )
(0.250)(0.275)
=
(1000
0.1
) (0.075)(0.1) ( 0.107 ( 2 ))
3
= 0.1609
=
= (0.250)(0.275)
= 0.0688 kg*m
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.107
1 = 0.093
= 1
= 0.1609 0.093
= 0.0679
3
12
(0.075)(0.107)3
=
12
= 0.0077103 4
15
= +
= 0.057 +
0.0077103 4
((0.057)(0.00752 ))
= 0.075
=
= (4.1938)(0.075)
= 0.3145
% =
% =
( )
0.075 0.0679
(0.075)
X 100
X 100
% = 19.47
LECTURA N 6.
= ( )
2
= (0.120 (
0.1
))
2
= 0.07m
A= B x D
A= (0.075m) x (0.1m)
A= 0.0075m
16
= (
= (1000
)
2
0.1
) (9.81 2 ) (0.075)(0.1) (0.120
)
3
= 5.1503
( 2 )
(0.3)(0.275)
=
(1000
0.1
) (0.075)(0.1) ( 0.120 ( 2 ))
3
= 0.1571
=
= (0.3)(0.275)
= 0.0825 kg*m
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.120
1 = 0.08
= 1
= 0.1571 0.08
= 0.0771
3
12
(0.075)(0.120)3
=
12
= 0.0108103 4
17
= +
0.0108103 4
((0.07)(0.00752 ))
= 0.07 +
= 0.0906
=
= (5.1503)(0.0906)
= 0.4667
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.0906 0.0771
(0.0906)
X 100
% = 14.90
LECTURA N 7.
= ( )
2
= (0.133 (
0.1
))
2
= 0.083m
A= B x D
A= (0.075m) x (0.1m)
A= 0.0075m
18
= (
= (1000
)
2
0.1
) (9.81 2 ) (0.075)(0.1) (0.133
)
3
= 6.1067
( 2 )
(0.350)(0.275)
=
(1000
0.1
) (0.075)(0.1) ( 0.133 ( 2 ))
3
= 0.1546
=
= (0.350)(0.275)
= 0.0963 kg*m
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.133
1 = 0.067
= 1
= 0.1546 0.067
= 0.0876
3
12
(0.075)(0.133)3
=
12
= 0.0147103 4
19
= +
= 0.083 +
0.0147103 4
((0.083)(0.00752 ))
= 0.1066
=
= (6.1067)(0.1066)
= 0.651
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.1066 0.0876
(0.1066)
X 100
% = 17.82
LECTURA N 8.
= ( )
2
= (0.145 (
0.1
))
2
= 0.095m
A= B x D
A= (0.075m) x (0.1m)
A= 0.0075m
20
= (
= (1000
)
2
0.1
) (9.81 2 ) (0.075)(0.1) (0.145
)
3
= 6.9896
( 2 )
(0.4)(0.275)
=
(1000
0.1
) (0.075)(0.1) ( 0.145 ( 2 ))
3
= 0.1544
=
= (0.4)(0.275)
= 0.11 kg*m
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.145
1 = 0.055
= 1
= 0.1544 0.055
= 0.0994
3
12
(0.075)(0.145)3
=
12
= 0.0191103 4
21
= +
= 0.095 +
0.0191103 4
((0.095)(0.00752 ))
= 0.1218
=
= (6.9896)(0.1218)
= 0.8513
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.1218 0.0994
(0.1218)
X 100
% = 18.39
LECTURA N 9.
= ( )
2
= (0.156 (
0.1
))
2
= 0.106m
A= B x D
A= (0.075m) x (0.1m)
A= 0.0075m
22
= (
= (1000
)
2
0.1
) (9.81 2 ) (0.075)(0.1) (0.156
)
3
= 7.799
( 2 )
(0.450)(0.275)
=
(1000
0.1
) (0.075)(0.1) ( 0.156 ( 2 ))
3
= 0.1557
=
= (0.450)(0.275)
= 0.1238 kg*m
1 =
1 = 0.2 0.156
1 = 0.044
= 1
= 0.1557 0.044
= 0.1117
3
12
(0.075)(0.156)3
=
12
= 0.0237103 4
23
= +
= 0.106 +
0.0237103 4
((0.106)(0.00752 ))
= 0.1358
=
= (7.799)(0.1358)
= 1.0591
% =
% =
( )
X 100
0.1358 0.1117
(0.1358)
X 100
% = 17.75
24
CONCLUSIN
Al finalizar este trabajo hemos, concluido que por medio del Cuadrante Hidrulico
podemos encontrar el centro de presin y presentacin de resultados por lecturas,
que nos ayudaran a determinar el porcentaje terico y el porcentaje de error por
lectura. Donde encontramos el centro de presin en la superficie plana vertical
parcial y totalmente sumergida.
25