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Thermochemistry combination problems part 2

1) Heat of reaction (Use the following 3 reactions.)


2NaHCO3 (s) + 129 kJ Na2CO3 (s) + H2O (g) + CO2 (g)
CaO (s) + H2O (l) Ca(OH)2 (s) + 65.2 kJ
Fe2O3 (s) + 3CO (g) 2Fe (s) 3CO2 (g)

H = 26.3 kJ

a) Calculate the energy absorbed when 68.7 grams of sodium bicarbonate is decomposed.
68.7 g NaHCO3

x 1 mol NaHCO3
84.01 g NaHCO3

129 kJ
2 mol NaHCO3

= 52.7 kJ

b) Calculate the mass of calcium hydroxide formed when 742.9 kJ is released.


742.9 kJ x 1 mol Ca(OH)2 x 74.10 g Ca(OH)2 = 844 g Ca(OH)2
65.2 kJ
1 mol Ca(OH) 2
c) Calculate the energy released when 88.4 liters of carbon monoxide is reacted with excess
iron (III) oxide.
88.4 L CO x 1 mole CO x
22.4 L CO

26.3 kJ = 34.6 kJ released


3 mol CO

2) Heat of reaction, temperature changes, and phase changes


a) A sample of 92.22 g of sodium bicarbonate is decomposed. If the heat needed to
decompose that sodium bicarbonate comes from the cooling of 498 g of silver, calculate
the temperature change in the sample of silver.
Decomposing the NaHCO3
92.22 g NaHCO3 x 1 mol NaHCO3
x
129 kJ
84.01 g NaHCO3
2 mol NaHCO3
Cooling the silver
q= 70.8 kJ or 70800 J
m= 498 g Ag
C= 0.235 J/gAgK
T = q
Cxm

70800 J
0.235 J/gAgK x 498 g Ag

= 605 K

= 70.8 kJ

b) Calculate the mass of ice that can be melted from the heat released by the reaction of
168.5 g of iron (III) oxide reacted with excess carbon monoxide.
Heat released from the reaction
168.5 g Fe2O3 x 1 mol Fe2O3
159.68 g Fe2O3

26.3 kJ
1 mol Fe2O3

= 27.7 kJ

Melting the ice


27.7 kJ x 1 mol H2O
6.01 kJ

18.02 g H2O =
1 mol H 2O

83.2 g H2O ice melted

c) Calculate the final temperature of 14.36 g of water with a starting temperature of 4.57 C
if 82.7 g of calcium hydroxide is formed from calcium oxide and water.
Heat released from the reaction
82.7 g Ca(OH)2 x 1 mol Ca(OH)2
74.10 g Ca(OH)2

65.2 kJ
1 mol Ca(OH) 2

= 72.8 kJ

Affecting the water


Starting temp = 4.57 C
Final temp = ?
Mass = 14.36 g H2O
Heat water to 100C from 4.57 C
q= CmT
q= ?
m= 14.36 g H2O
C= 4.18 J/gC
T= 95.43C
14.36 g H2O x 4.18 J/gC x 95.43 C = 5730 J
Remaining energy: 72800 J- 5730 J = 67100 J
Boiling water:
14.36 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x
40.7 kJ = 32.4 kJ or 32400 J
18.02 g H2O
1 mol H 2O
Remaining energy: 34700 J
Heating steam:

q= 34700 J
C= 1.7 J/gC
m= 14.36 g H 2O
T=?
T=

q
Cm

34700 J
1.7 J/gC x 14.36 g H2O

= 1400 C

Final temperature
1400C + 100C = 1500 C

3) Heat of solution
a) Calculate the heat released when 98.54 g of NaOH is completely dissolved.
98.54 g NaOH x 1 mol NaOH x -445.1 kJ
= 1097 kJ released
40.00 g NaOH
1 mol NaOH
b) Calculate the mass of calcium chloride that is dissolved when 42.97 kcal of energy is
released by the dissolving of the calcium chloride.
-42.97 kcal x 4.184 kJ
1 kcal

x 1 mol CaCl2 x 110.91 g CaCl2 = 241 g CaCl2 dissolved


-82.8 KJ
1 mol CaCl2

4) Heat of solution, temperature changes, and phase changes


a) Calculate the mass of ammonium nitrate that dissolves when the 89.34 g of water
changes its temperature from 79.34 C to 21.76 C.
Cooling of the water
q=CmT
q= ?
C= 4.18 J/gC
m= 89.34 g H 2O
T= 57.58C
4.18 J/gC x 89.34g H2O x 57.58 C = 21500 J
Dissolving the ammonium nitrate
21500 J

x 1 KJ x 1 mol NH4NO3 x 80.06 g NH 4NO3 = 67.0 g NH4 NO3 dissolved


1000 J
25.7 KJ
1 mol NH4NO 3

b) Calculate the mass of phosphorus (at it melting point temperature) that can be melted
using the heat given off by the dissolving of 76 g of sodium hydroxide.
Dissolving the NaOH
76 g NaOH

x 1 mol NaOH x
-445.1 kJ
40.00 g NaOH
1 mol NaOH

= -850 kJ

Melting the phosphorus


850 kJ released x 1 mol P
0.63 kJ

x 30.97 g P =
1 mole P

42000g P

c) Calculate the final temperature of 543 g of water starting at 87.54 C using the heat
released when 1298 g of calcium chloride dissolves.
Dissolving the calcium chloride (releases energy)
1298 g CaCl2 x 1 mol CaCl2 x -82.8 kJ
110.98 g CaCl 2
1 mol CaCl2

= 968 kJ released

Affecting the water


Heating the water to 100C from 87.54 C
q=?
m= 543 g H2O
T= 12.46 C
C= 4.18 J/gC
543 g H2O x 12.46C x 4.18 J/gC = 28300 J or 28.3 kJ
Remaining energy: 969 kJ 28.3 kJ = 941 kJ
Boiling the water
543 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x
40.7 kJ
18.02 g H2O
1 mol H20

= 1226 kJ needed to boil all the water

Since only part of the water is boiled and part remains as a liquid, the average temperature will
equal the boiling point (i.e. 100 C)
5) Heat of formation
a) Using the standard heats of formation, write a balanced equation and calculate the heat of
reaction when hydrogen peroxide reacts with nitrogen monoxide to form steam and
nitrogen dioxide.

H2O2 + NO H2O + NO2


Find the Heat of Formation for each Element
Hf for H2O2 = -187.8 kJ/mol
Hf for NO = 90.37 kJ/mol
Hf for H2 O = -241.8 kJ/mol
Hf for NO 2 = 33.85 kJ/mol
Find the Heat of the Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

products

Hf

reactants

Hrxn = 1 mol H2 O x -241.8 kJ + 1 mol NO2 x 33.85 kJ


1 mol H2O
1 mol NO2
- (1 mol H2O2 x 187.8 kJ + 1 mol NO x 90.37 kJ ) = -110.5 kJ
1 mol H2O2
1 mol NO
b) Show a balanced equation and calculate the heat of reaction when sodium reacts with
calcium carbonate in a single displacement reaction.
2 Na + CaCO3 Na2CO3 + Ca
Find the Heat of Formation for each Element
Hf for Na2CO3 = -1131.1 kJ/mol
Hf for Ca = 0 kJ/mol
Hf for Na = 0 kJ/mol
Hf for CaCO3 = -1207.0 kJ/mol
Find the Heat of the Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

products

Hf
reactants

Hrxn = 1 mol Na2CO3 x -1131.1 kJ + 1 mol Ca x 0 kJ


1 mol H2O
1 mol Ca
- (1 mol Na x

0 kJ +
1 mol Na

1 mol CaCO3 x

-1207.0 kJ ) = 75.9 kJ
1 mol CaCO 3

c) Hydrogen sulfide reacts with chlorine to form monoclinic sulfur and hydrogen chloride.
Calculate the energy released when 657 g of hydrogen chloride is produced with this
reaction.

Balanced Equation
8 H2S + 8 Cl2 S8 + 16 HCl
Find the Heat of Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

Hf

products

reactants

Hrxn = 1 mol S8 x 0.30 kJ + 16 mol HCl x 92.31 kJ


1 mol S8
1 mol HCl
(8 mol H2 S x 20.1 kJ
1 mol H2S

+ 8 mol Cl2 x 0 kJ ) = -1315.9 kJ


1 mol Cl 2

Find the Energy Released by 657 g HCl


657 g HCl x 1 mol HCl x
36.45 g HCl

-1315.9 kJ = 1480 kJ released


16 mol HCl

6) Heat of formation, temperature changes, and phase changes


a) Calculate the temperature change of water when 729.87 g of water is heated by the
decomposition of 0.4378 g of hydrogen peroxide decomposes to form liquid water and
oxygen gas.
Find the Balanced Equation
2H2O2 2H2O (l) + O2
Find the Heat of Formation for each Element
Hf for H2O2 = -187.8 kJ/mol
Hf for H2 O = -285.8 kJ/mol
Hf for O2 = 0 kJ/mol
Find the Heat of the Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

Hf

products

reactants

Hrxn = (2 mol H2O x 285.8 kJ + 1 mol O2 x 0 kJ ) - (2 mol H2O2 x 187.8 kJ ) = -196.0 kJ


1 mol H2O
1 mol O2
1 mol H2O 2
Find the Energy Released
0.4378 g H2O2 x 1 mol H2O2 x 196.0 kJ = -1.261 kJ
34.02 g H2O2 2 mol H2O2

Find the Heat of the Water


T= q/Cm = 1261 J
4.18J/gC x 72.87 g H2O

0.413 C

b) Calculate the mass of cesium at it melting point that can be melted when the heat from
the reaction of 96.2 L of ozone at STP with an excess of sulfur dioxide produces sulfur
trioxide.
Find the Balanced Equation
O3 + 3 SO2 3 SO3
Find the Heat of Formation for each material
Hf for O3 = 142.0 kJ/mol
Hf for SO2 = -296.8 kJ/mol
Hf for SO3 = -395.7 kJ/mol
Find the Heat of the Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

Hf

products

reactants

Hrxn= 3 mol SO3 x 395.7 kJ - (1 mol O 3 x 142.0 kJ + 3 mol SO2 x 296.8 kJ ) = -438.7 kJ
1 mol SO3
1 mol O3
1 mol SO2

Calculate the heat released and melt the cesium


96.2 L O3 x 1 mole O3 x
22.4 L O3

438.7 kJ x 1 mol Cs x 132.91 g Cs =


1 mole O3
2.09 kJ
1 mol Cs

1.20 x 105 g Cs

c) Calculate the mass of liquid water that can be boiled and heated from 89.65 C to 178.09
C using the energy released when 88.30 g of calcium oxide is produced when calcium
reacts with excess iron (III) oxide. Iron metal is also produced by the reaction.

Find the Balanced Equation


3Ca + Fe2O3 3 CaO + 2Fe
Find the Heat of Formation for each Element
Hf for CaO = -635.1 kJ/mol
Hf for Fe2O3 = -822.1 kJ/mol

Hf for Ca = 0 kJ/mol
Hf for Fe = 0 kJ/mol
Find the Energy Released:
Hrxn =

H f

products

Hf
reactants

Hrxn = 3 mol CaO 3 x -635.1 kJ + 2 mol Fe x 0 kJ


1 mol CaO
1 mol Fe
- (3 mol Ca x

0 kJ +
1 mol Ca

1 mol Fe2O 3 x

-822.1 kJ ) = -1083.2 kJ
1 mol Fe2O3

88.30 g CaO x

1 mol CaO x
56.08 g CaO

1083.2 kJ = -568.5 kJ
3 mol CaO

Affecting the water (solve each energy calculation but leave the variable M for mass)
Heat Water from 89.65 C to 100 C
q= ?
m= M
C= 4.18 J/gC
T= 10.35 C
q= 4.18 J/gC x M x 10.35 C = 43.3 J/g M
Boil the Water:
M g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 40.7 kJ
= 2.26 kJ/g M
18.02 g H2O 1 mol H2O
Heat Water from 100.00 C to 178.09 C
q= ?
m= M
C= 1.7 J/gC
T= 78.09 C
q= 1.7 J/gC x M x 78.09 C = 130 J/g M
Total energy = 43.26 J/g M + 2260 J/g M + 130 J/g M = 2400 J/g M
Mass calculation using energy from CaO reaction
2.4 kJ/g M = 568.5 kJ released
M = 240 g water
7) Calculating with different thermochemical equations
a) Given the following thermochemical equations:
H =112 kJ
i)
H2CO3 H2CO + O2
ii)
H2CO + O2 H2O + CO2 H =-50 kJ
Calculate the heat of reaction for the following:
H =?
H2CO3 H2O + CO2
Adding the chemical equations as stated above will give us the reaction desired. Therefore we
just add the heat of reactions together to calculate the heat of reaction of the reaction desired.

H =112 kJ
+ H =-50 kJ
H = 62 kJ
b) Given the following thermochemical equations:
H = 650 kJ
i)
4PCl3(g) P4(s) + 6Cl2(g)
H = 917 kJ
ii)
4PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10Cl2(g)
Calculate the heat of reaction for the following:
PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) PCl5(g) H =?
Reverse the second equation and then add the two reactions together:
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g)
4PCl3(g)
P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) 4PCl5(g)
4PCl3(g) + 4Cl2(g) 4PCl5 (g)

H = 650 kJ
H =-917 kJ
H 270 kJ

Divide by 4 to get the equation desired.


H = -67.5 KJ

8) Using thermochemical equations, temperature, and phase changes


a) Given the following thermochemical equations:
H =1222 kJ
i)
4PCl5(g) P4(s) + 10Cl2(g)
H =89 kJ
ii)
PCl5(g) PCl3 (g) + Cl2(g)
Calculate the mass of sulfur that will be boiled by the heat given off by the production of
754 g of phosphorus trichloride according to the reaction below.
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(g)
Multiply equation ii) by 4, reverse equation i) and then add the two equations.
P4(s) + 10Cl2(g) 4PCl5(g)
4PCl5(g)
4PCl3(g) + 4Cl2(g)
P4(s) + 6Cl2(g) 4PCl3(g)

H =-1222 kJ
H =356 kJ
H =-866

Find the Energy Released:


754 g PCl3 x

1 mol PCl3 x
137.32 g PCl3

Melting the sulfur

866 kJ = -1190 kJ (but dont use the rounded number)


4 mol PCl3

1190 kJ kJ released x 1 mol S


10 kJ

x 32.06 g S =
1 mole S

4000g S

9) Mixed bag
a) Calculate the energy needed to raise the temperature of 980 grams of mercury liquid by
387.65 C.
q= ?
m= 980 g Hg
C= 0.140 J/gHgK
q = C m T = 0.140 J/gHgK x 980 g Hg x 387.65 C = 53000 J
b) Calculate the temperature change of 738.9 grams of water if 9.65 grams of calcium
chloride is dissolved in the water.
Find the Energy Released
9.65 g CaCl2 x 1 mol CaCl2
x -82.8 kJ
= 7.20 kJ released
110.97 g CaCl 2
1 mol CaCl2
Find the Change in Temperature
T=q/cm
T= ?
_
q= 7200 J
C= 4.18 J/gC
m= 738.9 g H 2O
T=

7200 J
= 2.3 C
4.18 J/gC x 738.9 g H 2O

c) Calculate the final temperature of 80765 grams of water with a starting temperature of
2.98 C if the water is heated first by the freezing of 114.76grams of ruthenium at its
freezing point and then the water is further heated by the cooling of the same ruthenium
by 47.8 C.
Freeze the ruthenium
114.76 g Ru x 1 mol Ru
x 25.52 kJ = 28.98 kJ
101.07 g Ru 1 mol Ru
Cooling the ruthenium

q= ?
m= 114.76 g Ru
C= 0.238 J/gRu K
q = C m T = 0.238 J/gRu K x 114.76 g Ru x 47.8 C = 1.30 kJ
Total energy from the Ru
28.98 kJ + 1.30 kJ = 30.28 kJ

Find the Change in Temperature of the Water


q= 30280 J
m= 80765 g H2O
C= 4.18 J/gC
T = q/C m =
30280 J
80765 g H2O x 4.18 J/gC

= 0.0897 C

Final Temperature
0.090 C + 2.98 C = 3.07 C

d) Calculate the mass of gold that can be warmed up to its melting point from a starting
temperature of 727.00 K and melted using 5624 kJ of heat.
We are doing two processes to the gold, heating and then melting, without knowing the mass or
the individual energies. So, we use M for the mass and solve the two processes with the
unknown mass.
Heating the gold
q= ?
m= M g Au
C= 0.129 J/gRu K
T = 1337.58 K - 727.00 K
q = C m T = 0.129 J/gAu K x M g Au x 610.58 C = 78.8 J/gAu x M g Au
Melting the gold
M g Au x 1 mol Au
x 12.36 kJ = 0.06275 kJ/gAu x M g Au = 62.75 J/gAu x M g Au
196.97 g Au 1 mol Au

Totals
5624000 J = M g Au (78.8 J/gAu + 62.75 J/gAu )
M g Au = 9210 g Au

e) Calculate the heat in Joules needed to change a 76.23 g sample of 27.89 C ice to steam
at 149.33 C.
Find the Energy of the Ice
q=cmT
q= ?
C= 2.1 J/ gC
m= 76.23 g H 2O
T= 27.89 C
q= 2.1 J/gC x 76.23 g x 27.89 C = 4500 J

Find the Energy Needed to Melt the Ice


76.23 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 6.01 kJ
= 25.4 kJ
18.02 g H2O
1 mol H2O

Energy Needed to get from 0C to 100C


q=cmT
q= ?
C= 4.18 J/gC
m= 76.23 g H 2O
T= 100 C
q= 4.18 J/gC x 76.23 g x 100 C = 31900 J

Energy Needed to Boil


76.23 g H2O x 1 mol H2O x 40.7 kJ = 172 kJ
18.02 g H2O
1 mol H2O
Energy Needed to get from 100C to 149.33C

q=cmT
q= ?
C= 1.7 J/gC
m= 76.23 g H 2O
T= 49.33 C
q= 1.7 J/gC x 76.23 g x 49.33 C = 6400 J

Add up all the Energy Needed to get Total


4500 J + 25400 J + 172000 J + 6400 J = 2.40 x 102 kJ needed

f) Calculate the mass of hafnium (at it boiling point) that can be boiled by the heat
generated when 245 g of ozone is reacted with an excess of sulfur to produced sulfur
dioxide.
Find the Balanced Equation
3 S + 2 O3 3 SO 2

Find the Heat of Formation for each material


Hf for O3 = 142.0 kJ/mol
Hf for SO2 = -296.8 kJ/mol
Hf for S = 0 kJ/mol
Find the Heat of the Reaction
Hrxn =

H f

products

Hf
reactants

Hrxn= 3 mol SO2 x 296.8 kJ - (2 mol O 3 x 142.0 kJ + 3 mol S x 0 kJ


) = -1174.4 kJ
1 mol SO2
1 mol O3
1 mol S

Find the heat released


245 g O3 x 1 mol O 3
48.00 g O3

x -1174.4 kJ = 2997 kJ (not rounded yet as we still are doing x & /)


2 mol O3

Boil the hafnium


2997 kJ x 1 mol Hf x 178.49 g Hf = 809 g Hf
661.07 kJ
1 mol Hf

g) Calculate the change in temperature of 269.0 g of tin using 9.76 kJ.


Find the Change in Temperature
T = q/Cm
q= 9760 J
C= 0.228 J/gK
m= 269.0g Sn
T= ?
T =
9760 J
= 159 K
0.228 J/gK x 269.0 g Sn

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