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Jacob's Ladder (film)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For other uses, see Jacob's Ladder (disambiguation).
Jacob's Ladder
Jacobsladderposter.jpg
Theatrical release poster
Directed by
Adrian Lyne
Produced by
Alan Marshall
Written by
Bruce Joel Rubin
Starring
Tim Robbins
Elizabeth Pea
Danny Aiello
Matt Craven
Pruitt Taylor Vince
Music by
Maurice Jarre
Cinematography Jeffrey L. Kimball
Edited by
Tom Rolf
Production
company
Carolco Pictures
Distributed by TriStar Pictures
Release dates
November 2, 1990
Running time
113 minutes
Country
United States
Language
English
Budget $25 million[1]
Box office
$26,118,851[2]
(domestic)
Jacob's Ladder is a 1990 American psychological horror film directed by Adrian L
yne, written and produced by Bruce Joel Rubin and starring Tim Robbins, Elizabet
h Pea and Danny Aiello. The Special Edition of the film was released on DVD by Ar
tisan Entertainment in 1998 and on Blu-ray Disc by Lions Gate Entertainment in 2
010.
The film's protagonist, Jacob, is a Vietnam veteran whose experiences prior to a
nd during the war result in strange, fragmentary flashbacks and bizarre hallucin
ations that continue to haunt him. As his ordeal worsens, Jacob desperately atte
mpts to figure out the truth.
Jacob's Ladder was made by Carolco Pictures ten years after being written by Rub
in. It drew from several inspirations for its story and effects, including the s
hort film An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge and the paintings of Francis Bacon.
Though only moderately successful upon release, the film garnered a cult followi

ng and became a source of influence for various other works such as the horror f
ranchise Silent Hill. A loose remake of Jacob's Ladder was announced to be in wo
rks by LD Entertainment.
Contents
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

Plot summary
Cast
Production
Release
4.1 Theatrical release
4.2 Home media
Reception
5.1 Box office
5.2 Critical reception
Legacy
6.1 Influence
6.2 Remake
See also
7.1 Similar films
References
External links

Plot summary
On October 6, 1971, American soldier Jacob Singer is with the 1st Air Cavalry Di
vision, deployed in a village in the Mekong Delta during the Vietnam War, when h
is unit comes under heavy fire from the treeline. Many of Jacob's comrades are k
illed or wounded, while others begin to exhibit very abnormal behavior, some goi
ng catatonic and others collapsing into bloody seizures. Horrified, Jacob attemp
ts to flee into the jungle, only to be stabbed in the stomach with a bayonet by
an unseen assailant.
In 1975, Jacob wakes up in the New York City Subway, dressed as a postal worker
and with a copy of the novel The Stranger in his hands. After Jacob finds himsel
f trapped in the underground tunnels of the subway system, he tries to escape vi
a the tracks, where he is nearly hit by a train.
The film then shifts back and forth between Jacob's chaotic memories of Vietnam,
as well as memories of his late son Gabe (who was hit by a car and killed prior
to the war) and ex-wife Sarah, to his present life as a mailman living in Brook
lyn with a postal clerk named Jezzie (an abbreviation of Jezebel). He experience
s grotesque hallucinations, apparently as a result of post-traumatic stress diso
rder, and faces more direct threats to his life.
As the hallucinations become increasingly horrifying, one of Jacob's old Army fr
iends, Paul, contacts him to tell him of his similar experiences, but is soon ki
lled when his car explodes.
After the funeral, his surviving platoon-mates confess to Jacob they too have be
en experiencing hallucinations, and agree to seek the truth about the incident t
hrough legal proceedings. They meet a lawyer, Mr. Geary, who at first says they
have a case but then backs out after determining that they were never even in Vi
etnam, as they were all discharged during wargame training in Thailand. Jacob's
comrades abandon the idea and Jacob himself is briefly kidnapped by government a
gents trying to silence him.
At a key moment, Jacob's friend and chiropractor Louis cites the 14th-century Ch
ristian mystic Meister Eckhart:

Eckhart saw Hell too. He said: "The only thing that burns in Hell is the par
t of you that won't let go of life, your memories, your attachments. They burn t
hem all away. But they're not punishing you", he said. "They're freeing your sou
l. So, if you're frightened of dying and... you're holding on, you'll see devils
tearing your life away. But if you've made your peace, then the devils are real
ly angels, freeing you from the earth."
Jacob is then approached by a man named Michael Newman (the same man is also see
n treating his wounds in a medevac helicopter in one of the scenes in Vietnam).
Michael claims to have been a chemist with the Army's chemical warfare division
in Saigon, where he worked on creating "the Ladder", a drug that would increase
aggression, taking people straight to their most primal urges. The drug was firs
t tested on monkeys and then on a group of captured enemy combatants, with grues
ome results. Later, small doses of the Ladder were secretly given to Jacob's uni
t. This revelation indicates that Jacob was bayoneted by one of his fellow soldi
ers when they began attacking each other.
Jacob returns to the apartment building where he once lived with Sarah. He looks
through an old shoe box mementos of his time in the military, like his dog tags
and a picture of Gabe, and is surprised to see Gabe at the foot of the stairwel
l. Gabe, whose name alludes to Gabriel, takes Jacob by the hand and together the
two of them ascend the stairwell and disappear into a bright light. The dnouemen
t reveals that Jacob fought in Vietnam, but he did not survive. At the moment of
death, his body lies in an Army triage tent, with an expression of peace on his
face.
Cast
Macaulay Culkin (uncredited) as Gabe Singer
Tim Robbins as Jacob "Professor" Singer
Elizabeth Pea as Jezebel "Jezzie" Pipkin
Danny Aiello as Louis Denardo
Matt Craven as Michael Newman
Pruitt Taylor Vince as Paul
Jason Alexander as Mr. Geary, the lawyer
Patricia Kalember as Sarah
Eriq La Salle as Frank
Ving Rhames as George
Brian Tarantina as Doug
Anthony Alessandro as Rod
Brent Hinkley as Jerry
S. Epatha Merkerson as Elsa
Kyle Gass as Tony
Lewis Black as Jacob's doctor
Perry Lang as Jacob's assailant
Production
The horror of the movie would be in the revelation that hope is hell's final tor
ment, that life is a dream that ends over and over with the final truth: that li
fe was never real, that we are all creatures trapped in eternal suffering and da
mnation.
Bruce Joel Rubin[3]
The film's title refers to the biblical story of Jacob's Ladder, or the dream of
a meeting place between Heaven and Earth (Genesis 28:12). Its little-known alte
rnate title is Dante's Inferno, in a reference to Inferno by Dante Alighieri.[4]
[5][6] Screenwriter and co-producer Bruce Joel Rubin perceived the film as a mod
ern interpretation of the Liberation Through Hearing During the Intermediate Sta
te, the Tibetan Book of the Dead.[7][8] Rubin said: "The inspiration in a sense
is my entire spiritual upbringing. Once you have a meditative life you start to

see that the world is really far different than what it appears to be. What appe
ars to be finite is really couched in the infinite, and the infinite imbues ever
ything in our lives."[9] Before writing his scripts for Jacob's Ladder and Ghost
, which too was released in 1990, the Jewish-born Rubin spent two years in a Tib
etan Buddhist monastery in Nepal;[1][10] previously, he has also written afterli
fe-themed Brainstorm and Deadly Friend. His original screenplay for Jacob's Ladd
er differs significantly at parts from the final film, especially towards the en
ding.[11]
Rubin's work on Jacob's Ladder began in 1980, sparked by his nightmare in which
he dreamt about being trapped in a subway. For several years, Rubin tried to sel
l the script, without success; Thom Mount of Universal Pictures said he "loved i
t, but it was not for his studio". Directors Michael Apted, Sidney Lumet and Rid
ley Scott all expressed an interest in making the film, but still no major studi
o was ready to invest in Rubin's "too metaphysical" stories as "Hollywood does n
ot make ghost movies". Eventually, after Deadly Friend was filmed by Wes Craven
in 1986, Rubin's screenplays for both Jacob's Ladder and Ghost were picked by Pa
ramount Pictures.[7] In 1988,[1] Adrian Lyne, who described Rubin's work as "cer
tainly one of the best scripts I've ever read", decided then to direct it instea
d of an adaptation of The Bonfire of the Vanities as he had originally planned (
incidentally, Tom Hanks, an actor originally considered by Lyne for the role of
Jacob, ended up starring in Bonfire). The ownership and policy changes at Paramo
unt resulted in the cancellation of the project; the executives had doubts about
the film's ending and the scenes taking place in Vietnam. The independent film
studio Carolco Pictures decided to take over the production of Jacob's Ladder, g
iving Lyne a greater creative control[7] and a budget of $25 million.[1] Rubin b
ecame the film's co-producer, along with Mario Kassar, Alan Marshall and Andrew
G. Vajna.
I can see why people didn't want to make it for so long. It reads like a novel,
and it's very intimidating because it's written so descriptively. Bruce had thes
e very literal images of heaven and hell that I didn't know how to bring off. Ho
w do you introduce a character with horns?
Adrian Lyne[7]
Lyne, who downplayed Rubin's "intimidating" Old Testament themes,[12] said that
he prepared for making the film by watching "endless" documentary films about th
e war in Vietnam and reading "countless" chronicles of near-death experiences.[1
] The film's plot device of a long period of subjective time passing in an insta
nt has been explored by several authors. A particularly strong inspiration for b
oth Rubin and Lyne was Robert Enrico's 1962 short film An Occurrence at Owl Cree
k Bridge,[13] one of Lyne's favourite movies,[7] which was in turn based on Ambr
ose Bierce's 1890 short story of the same name.
Hundreds of actors sought the main roles in the film, including Al Pacino, Dusti
n Hoffman and Richard Gere for Jacob, and Andie MacDowell, Julia Roberts and Mad
onna for Jezzie. Eventually, Tim Robbins and Elizabeth Pea were cast; both auditi
oned early and neither of them had starred in a feature film before. Robbins sai
d the film presented for him "a great opportunity to go in a different direction
. I love doing comedy, but I know I can do other things as well."[1] The film's
military advisor was Vietnam veteran Captain Dale Dye,[14] who provided a five-d
ay boot camp military training for the actors playing soldiers in the Vietnam st
oryline (including Robbins, Pruitt Taylor Vince, Eriq La Salle and Ving Rhames).
All of the film's special effect sequences were filmed in camera, with no use of
post production effects. In several scenes of Jacob's Ladder, Lyne used a body
horror technique in which an actor is recorded waving his head around at a low f
rame rate, resulting in horrifically fast motion when played back. In the Specia
l Edition's commentary track, Lyne said he was inspired by the art of the painte
r Francis Bacon when developing the effect.[15] In his screenplay, Rubin used tr

aditional imagery of demons and hell. However, Lyne decided to use images simila
r to thalidomide deformities to achieve a greater shock effect.[13] After many h
eated arguments,[1] Lyne managed to convert Rubin to his vision. Lyne and Rubin
used the works of the artist H. R. Giger and the photographers Diane Arbus and J
oel-Peter Witkin for inspiration; another influence came from the Brothers Quay'
s 1986 stop motion short film Street of Crocodiles.
Vietnam was really a means to an end. It was a plot device rather than something
we were trying to make a huge issue of.
Alan Marshall[1]
In the film, Jacob is told by Michael that the horrific events he experienced on
his final day in Vietnam were the product of an experimental drug called "the L
adder", which was used on troops without their knowledge. At the end of the film
, a message is displayed saying that reports of testing of BZ, NATO code for a d
eliriant and hallucinogen known as 3-quinuclidinyl benzilate, on U.S. soldiers d
uring the Vietnam War were denied by the Pentagon. Lyne said a part of the inspi
ration for this motif was Martin A. Lee's book Acid Dreams: The CIA, LSD and Six
ties Rebellion, but noted that "nothing in the book suggests that the drug BZ a
super-hallucinogen that has a tendency to elicit maniac behavior was used on U.S
. troops."[7] The war scenes were filmed in Puerto Rico, in the area of Vega Baj
a, and the UH-1 helicopters were provided by the Puerto Rico National Guard.
According to Lyne's audio commentary, test screenings indicated that the initial
version of the film was overwhelming for the audience. In response, about 20 mi
nutes of disturbing scenes, mostly from the last third of the film, were removed
from the final cut.
Release
Theatrical release
Jacob's Ladder opened on November 2, 1990, distributed by TriStar Pictures. Jaco
b's Ladder: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack with the music by Maurice Jarre w
as released by Varse Sarabande in 1993.[16] Rubin's companion book, released by A
pplause Theater Book Publishers on the same day as the film,[7] features a final
draft of the screenplay, including the deleted scenes, and his essay on making
of the screenplay and the film.[13]
Home media
The Special Edition DVD was released by Artisan Entertainment on July 14, 1998,
containing three deleted scenes ("Jezzie's Transformation", "The Antidote" and "
The Train Station") along with several other special features, such as audio com
mentary by Adrian Lyne and a 26-minute making-of documentary "Building Jacob's L
adder".[17] On September 14, 2010, the film was released on Blu-ray Disc by Lion
s Gate Entertainment and retains all of the special features of the DVD version,
along with two trailers, omitting only a TV spot that came with the DVD.[18][19
]
Reception
Box office
The film took the number one spot at the weekend box office in North America, ga
rnering ticket sales of $7.5 million from 1,052 screens.[20] However, the attend
ance dropped fast and its overall domestic box office result was only $26,118,85
1.[2]
Critical reception
According to aggregate website Rotten Tomatoes, 69% of reviews of the film were
positive based on 61 reviews.[21] Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times wrote that wa
tching it left him "reeling with turmoil and confusion, with feelings of sadness
and despair," and called it "thoroughly painful and depressing experience - but
, it must be said, one that has been powerfully written, directed and acted."[22

] Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote that this "slick, riveting, viscerall
y scary film about what in other hands would be a decidedly unsalable subject, n
amely death," is "both quaint and devastating."[23] However, Desson Thomson of T
he Washington Post felt disappointed with the film that is "ultimately flat on i
ts surrealistic face, the victim of too many fake-art sequences."[24] Owen Gleib
erman of Entertainment Weekly wrote that "Jacob's Ladder is so 'dark' it sucks R
obbins right down with it. By the time Jacob is being strapped to a bed and whee
led down a hospital corridor strewn with bloody limbs, it's hard to care whether
the Orwellian image is a hallucination or not. You just want out."[25] Kim Newm
an called the film "effectively the blunt remake" of Carnival of Souls.[12]
According to IGN's review of the DVD release in 2004, "After movies like Se7en,
it may not pack the same subtle horror for today's audiences it did when it was
first released, but it's still a great film."[17] IGN's review of Jacob's Ladder ' s
2010 Blu-ray release called it is "an emotionally poignant, creepy horror master
piece."[18] According to Slant Magazine, Jacob's Ladder is "a bizarrely cohesive
hybrid of war movie, character study, art film, and horror flick" and "the very
act of watching the film is so emotionally draining that the viewer leaves the
film feeling worked-in; the thought of repeat viewings is daunting yet insatiabl
e."[19] In 2011, John Kenneth Muir called the film's nightmarish hospital scene
"one of the most terrifying moments in all of 1990s horror cinema." Muir further
wrote: "In its musings about death, about the end we all fear, Jacob's Ladder p
roves a deeply affecting and meaningful motion picture. After a screening, you'l
l immediately want to hug the people you love and then go outside and breathe th
e fresh air, or otherwise affirm your very existence."[26]
Back in 1983, the film's screenplay was included on the list of "Hollywood's ten
best unproduced screenplays" by American Film magazine.[1] In 1991, Jacob's Lad
der was nominated at Horror Hall of Fame II for best horror film, losing to The
Silence of the Lambs. The film was also featured in Bravo's 2004 documentary min
iseries The 100 Scariest Movie Moments[27] and in the 2009 book 1001 Movies You
Must See Before You Die. In 2012, Total Film ranked it as the 31st best independ
ent horror film of all time.[28] That same year, the film's elements were includ
ed on the list of top ten scariest movie demons by CraveOnline[29] and ranked as
the 19th best movie plot twist by Complex;[30] similarly, it was also included
on the 2013 list of 20 shocking movie plot twists by Digital Spy.[31] In 2013, S
late ranked it as the 146th greatest horror film of all time,[32] the Jacob Burn
s Film Center Projectionist Andrew Robinson chose it as his favourite scary movi
e,[33] and IGN's Lucy O'Brien wrote a feature article about this "brilliant" fil
m, where she called it "the movie every survival horror fan should watch".[34]
Legacy
Influence
It was officially acknowledged that Jacob's Ladder greatly inspired the horror f
iction franchise Silent Hill,[35] including the video games Silent Hill (1999),[
36] Silent Hill 2 (2001),[37] Silent Hill 3 (2003)[38] and Silent Hill: Homecomi
ng (2007),[39] as well as the series' 2006 film adaptation by Christophe Gans.[4
0] Kim Manners prepared for directing The X-Files episode "Grotesque" by listeni
ng to the music from Jacob's Ladder.[41] The film's influence on their works was
recognised by Ryan Murphy, writer of the 2011 TV series American Horror Story:
Asylum,[42] and Shinji Mikami, director of the video game The Evil Within.[34] J
acob's Ladder as a film is directly referenced in Silent Hill 3,[43] as well as
in the 2002 The Twilight Zone episode "Night Route", the 2005 film Wallace & Gro
mit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit and the 2010 The Simpsons episode "The Squirt
and the Whale".
In 1991, Claytown Troupe used a sample of Newman's quote "It's a fast trip..." a
t the beginning of the track "Rainbow's Edge" in their album Out There. The band
UNKLE sampled dialogue from the film in their 1998 song "Rabbit In Your Headlig
hts" and again in 2003 in the song "Inside". VNV Nation's track "Forsaken" from

the 1998 album Praise the Fallen ends with the quotation from Eckhart, while "De
vils" from IVardensphere's 2011 album APOK begins with the same quotation; a sam
ple of Jacob's yell "Stop it, you're killing me!" is used in the song "Next in L
ine" in Nevermore's 1996 album The Politics of Ecstasy. The music video for the
2010 song "Nightmare" by Avenged Sevenfold is a homage to the famous hospital sc
ene from the film, chosen because the band's deceased drummer The Rev was a fan
of the film. One of the directors of Linkin Park's music video "Papercut" stated
that "some inspiration for the video was taken from the film "Jacob's Ladder",
especially with the twitching blue man in one of the rooms of the house".
Scholars have seen the film's influence in works ranging from M. Night Shyamalan
's 1999 hit psychological horror film The Sixth Sense[44] to Peter Arnett's cont
roversial 1998 CNN report "Valley of Death" about the Vietnam War's 1970 Operati
on Tailwind.[45] Jeff Millar of Houston Chronicle wrote that Giuseppe Tornatore'
s 1994 psychological thriller A Pure Formality uses the plot device of Jacob's L
adder mixed with several other sources.[46] According to Premiere, Massy Tadjedi
n's 2005 psychological thriller The Jacket "is a film for those who don't rememb
er Jacob's Ladder, perhaps for someone like Jacob himself," as it "resembles Jac
ob's Ladder too much for its own good."[47] PopMatters called Michael Hurst's 20
06 horror film Room 6 a "Jacobs Ladder lift".[48] Adam Gierasch s 2014 horror fil
m Fractured was "described as a classic film noir with a Jacob s Ladder-like vib
e."[49]
Remake
Jeff Buhler (The Midnight Meat Train) was reported as writing a script for LD En
tertainment s new version of Jacob s Ladder, which is based on an earlier draft
by Jake Wade Wall. According to The Hollywood Reporter, "the producers are looki
ng to make something more akin to an homage and not mimic the original. The plan
is to contemporize the story with new situations and characters but still maint
ain a story that examines issues and poses existential questions."[50] James Fol
ey has been attached to direct the project.[51]
Buhler said that since, due to two recent wars, the American "cultural understan
ding of the experience of warfare and what it does to people mentally" has becom
e "a completely different place than it was" in 1990, he decided to not be "nece
ssarily going to the same conclusion, and finding a new way to give the audience
an experience that is similar in terms of impact and feeling, but that doesnt pl
ay the same tune. It was a very tricky situation in the sense that we were tryin
g to recreate something, but honor the spirit and concept (of the original), whi
le telling a different story."[52]
See also
Conspiracy fiction and paranoid fiction
List of anti-war films
List of films featuring hallucinogens
List of nonlinear narrative films
Unethical human experimentation in the United States
Vietnam War in film
Similar films
Angel Heart
Dead End
Deathdream
The I Inside
Johnny Got His Gun
Memento
Open Your Eyes
The Others
Passengers

The Seventh Seal

The Sixth Sense
Shutter Island
Soul Survivors
Stay
Stir of Echoes: The Homecoming
Sublime
Vanilla Sky
References
Time Golden, Up Jacob s Ladder And Into the Hell Of a Veteran s Psyche, The Ne
w York Times, October 28, 1990
Jacob s Ladder at Box Office Mojo
Paul Meehan, Horror Noir: Where Cinema s Dark Sisters Meet, McFarland, 2011 (p.2
59)
John Flowers, Paul Frizler, Psychotherapists on Film, 1899-1999: A Worldwide Gui
de to Over 5000 Films, Volume 1, McFarland, 2004 (p.309)
Pamela Jaye Smith, Inner Drives, Michael Wiese Productions, 2005 (p.217)
Eric G. Wilson, Secret Cinema: Gnostic Vision in Film, Bloomsbury, 2006 (p.123)
Hartl, John (1990-11-01). "Adrian Lyne Met A Metaphysical Challenge". The Seattl
e Times. Retrieved 2010-02-06.
Golden, Tim (1990-10-28). "FILM; Up Jacob s Ladder And Into the Hell Of a Vete
ran s Psyche". The New York Times. Retrieved 2007-10-22.
Tricycle: The Buddhist Review - Volume 1, Buddhist Ray, 1991 (p.77)
Carrol Lee Fry, Cinema of the Occult: New Age, Satanism, Wicca, and Spiritualism
in Film, Associated University Presse, 2008 (p.77)
Alex Raynor (Russia). "Jacob s Ladder (1990) movie script - Screenplays for You"
. Sfy.ru. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Tom Ruffles, Ghost Images: Cinema of the Afterlife, McFarland, 2004 (p.192)
Bruce Joel Rubin, Jacob s Ladder, Applause Theatre & Cinema Books, 1990
Almar Haflidason, Dale Dye: Part 2 - Stop Whining at Me!, BBC, October 2003
"Jacob s Ladder". Widerscreenings.com. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
Maurice Jarre. "Jacob s Ladder: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack: Music". Amaz
on.com. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
Mike Drucker, Jacob s Ladder: The living nightmare of a movie has a pretty decen
t DVD., IGN, November 8, 2004
R.L. Shaffer, Jacob s Ladder Blu-ray Review, IGN, September 14, 2010
"Jacob s Ladder | DVD Review". Slant Magazine. 2010-09-14. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
" Jacob s Ladder Climbs to Top of Ticket Sales. - Los Angeles Times". Articles.
latimes.com. 2000-08-17. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
"Jacob s Ladder (1990)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved 2010-04-16.
Ebert, Roger (1990-11-02). "Jacob s Ladder". Rogerebert.suntimes.com. Retrieved
2010-04-16.
Janet Maslin, Movie Review - Jacob s Ladder - Review/Film; It s Scary, Yes, and
Death Has a Role, The New York Times, November 2, 1990
Desson Howe, Jacob s Ladder (R), Washington Post, November 02, 1990
Owen Gleiberman, Jacob s Ladder (1990), EW.com, Nov 02, 1990
John Kenneth Muir, Horror Films of the 1990s, McFarland, 2011 (p.105)
"The 100 Scariest Movie Moments: 100 Scariest Moments in Movie History - Officia
l Bravo TV Site". Web.archive.org. Archived from the original on 2007-10-30. Ret
rieved 2013-06-28.
Winning, Josh. "50 Greatest Indie Horror Film". TotalFilm.com. Retrieved 2013-06
-28.
Editor (2012-09-10). "The Top Ten Scariest Movie Demons". CraveOnline. Retrieved
2013-06-28.
"Spoiler Alert! The 50 Best Movie Twists". Complex. 2012-04-11. Retrieved 2013-0
6-28.
"Jacob s Ladder - 20 shocking movie plot twists". Digital Spy. Retrieved 2013-06
-28.

"100 Greatest Horror Films of All Time | The House Next Door". Slant Magazine. R
etrieved 2013-10-29.
"Halloween Countdown Day 8: Jacobs Ladder Jacob Burns Film Center Blog". Blog.bur
nsfilmcenter.org. 2013-10-26. Retrieved 2014-07-23.
Lucy O Brien, "Am I dying, Louie?", IGN, May 16, 2013.
John Gaudiosi, Resident Evil And Silent Hill Producer Samuel Hadida Talks Wolfen
stein And Onimusha Movies, Forbes, 11/02/2012
Bernard Perron, Silent Hill: The Terror Engine, University of Michigan Press, 20
12 (p. 55-56)
Interview with Silent Hill 2 s Artist Takayoshi Sato, IGN, August 17, 2001
Silent Hill 3 Interview, IGN, June 12, 2002
Grayson, Vincent. "Silent Hill 5 Interview: Jason s Philosophy, Jacob s Ladder,
and Pyramid Head". Shacknews.com. Retrieved 2012-06-18.
"Interview Silent Hill: Director Christophe Gans". Bloody Disgusting. Retrieved
2012-06-18.[dead link]
Brian Lowry, The Truth is Out There: The Official Guide to the X-Files, Harper P
rism, 1995 (p.158)
Jessica Lange Sings The Name Game : American Horror Story: Asylum Goes Musica
l, HUFFPOST TV, 01/03/2013
"Behind the Many Mysteries of Silent Hill from". 1UP.com. Retrieved 2013-06-28.
Charles Derry, Dark Dreams 2.0: A Psychological History of the Modern Horror Fil
m from the 1950s to the 21st Century, McFarland, 2009 (p.223)
Jerry Lembcke, CNN s Tailwind Tale: Inside Vietnam s Last Great Myth, Rowman & L
ittlefield, 2003 (p.77)
Jeff Millar, `Pure Formality so pretentious is hurts, Houston Chronicle, 10/06/
1995
Brian W. Fairbanks, I Saw That Movie, Too: Selected Film Reviews, 2005 (p.201)
Bill Gibron, Room 6, PopMatters, 8 August 2006.
Ryan Turek (2014-04-03). "Jacob s Ladder-esque Fractured Gets a Trailer". Shock
Till You Drop. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
Boris Kit, Jacob s Ladder Getting Remake Treatment (Exclusive), The Hollywood
Reporter, 6/28/2013.
" House of Cards Director James Foley Climbs Aboard Jacob s Ladder Homage (Ex
clusive)". TheWrap. 2013-11-20. Retrieved 2014-06-19.
"Exclusive: Writer Jeff Buhler Talks the Jacobs Ladder Remake | News Article".
Fearnet. 2014-04-09. Retrieved 2014-07-22.
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v t e
Films directed by Adrian Lyne
Foxes (1980) Flashdance (1983) 9 Weeks (1986) Fatal Attraction (1987) Jacob s
Ladder (1990) Indecent Proposal (1993) Lolita (1997) Unfaithful (2002)
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eath in artFiction with unreliable narratorsFilms about angelsFilms directed by
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t in New JerseyFilms shot in Puerto RicoNonlinear narrative filmsPsychological h
orror filmsReligious horror filmsSupernatural thriller filmsVietnam War filmsFil
m scores by Maurice Jarre
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