(Reviewer)
What is History?
A Branch of Knowledge
Past
Human Events
Facts
Chronological
Recorded/Documented
What is Art?
Form of expression
Emotion: Translated into different mediums
Sound Music
Movement Dance
Words Literature (prose or poetry)
Texture/Value/Colour/Line/Shape Design
Scale/Form/Proportion Architecture
Architecture
PRINCIPLES:
Structural
Functional
Spatial
Aesthetic
Types of Support
for Roofs and Ceilings
Post and Lintel
Truss
Arch
Vault
Dome
Cantilevered
Chronological Order
Period and Styles
Before written records:
Archaeology science that deals with old things
Artifacts
Fossils
*Most of the facts are based on carbon dating, drawings and
symbols
Palaeolithic Period:
Theory of Magic
1. Fertility Magic
2. Death Magic
3. Propitiation Magic
Lean To
Made of dried twigs, leaves sometimes animal
skin and bone
Mud Hut
o
Wet wall construction
o
With a hole on top
Stone Towers
Square Temples
Megalithic Structures
o
Menhirs (stone hedge, moai in Easter
island)
o
Cromlechs (Obelisks)
Bronze Age:
*The architectural examples were still that of the
Neolithic Period
Significant Contributions of the Bronze Age:
The discovery of metals:
Copper
Tin
Fishing
Trade and Barter: Money
Jewelry
Ur
Ishtar
History:
Cuneiform (First known way of writing)
The Three Regions of Mesopotamia:
Sumeria
Assyria
Babylon
Assyria:
Capital city is the city of Nineveh
Palaces:
Mastaba:
.
Necropolis:
Babylon:
Provided a balance between politics and religion
King Nebuchadnezzar: One of the greatest builders in
history
Rock-hewn Tombs:
Engineering Contributions:
Straight roads
Persia:
*Persian civilization utilized Mesopotamian blueprints in their
architecture
Utilized for the very first time the concept of a city
Developed Persepolis:
Literally the City of the Persians
The second oldest city in the world, second only to
Jericho in Jordan
A city of scholars; mathematicians, astrologers
and alchemists
Ra
Isis
History:
Hieroglyphics
Geology:
Palmiform
Lotiform
Papyrus Bundle
Papyriform
Campaniform
Parts:
Decoration
Veneration
Documentation
In Sculpture:
States that the body of a figure in the round (free
standing sculpture) must not be twisted in any way
Incised Carving
Bas-Relief/Embossed
In Painting:
States that even if the picture or the image is seen
in profile; the eyes, the shoulders and the torso are always
seen in frontal position
MALESREDLARGE SCALE
WOMEN
Religion
Architectural Contributions:
Mycenaean Civilization
Architectural Contributions:
The Megaron
Greek Contributions:
Aegean Civilization
Geology
YELLOWMEDIUM SCALE
SLAVESBLACKSMALLEST SCALE
PHARAOH/GODBLUELARGEST SCALE
The Propylaea:
The monumental entrance to the city of Acropolis
Acropolis
a city on a hill, a high city, a fortress
The Agora:
An open space that is multi-functional
Public speaking
Religious processions
Extension of the market place
Stoa
A colonnaded porch divided into several stalls or
shops
Colonnade
A series of columns
The Parthenon
Doric Order
Raised on level ground
The Erectheion
Ionic Order
Raised on three different levels
Dedicated to Athena and the Greek God of the
Sea Poseidon
Contained the porch of the caryatids female
sculptures used as columns
Classic Sculpture:
Greek Pottery:
Four Types:
Greek Sculpture:
Archaic Sculpture:
Stiff
No movement
Polytheism
o
Jupiter
o
Venus
Lifestyle:
Roman Contributions:
The Roman Orders of Architecture:
Tuscan
Composite
Vaults
Domes
Aqueducts:
Plumbing
Bridges: to link bodies of land together
The Forum:
Functions like the Greek agora; an open space for several
functions
Contains:
Triumphal Arches
Pillars of Victory
Roman Painting:
The Roman Temple:
Not as important as that of the Greeks
The Pantheon:
Impressive colonnade
Arena/Amphitheater:
Usually not carved out from the ground
but a built-up structure made up of several levels
Example: The Colosseum or The
Flavian Amphitheater
Circus:
Patterned after the Greek hippodrome;
is for horse or chariot racing Roman
style
Example: The Circus Maximus
The Thermae:
Parts:
Trompe loeil
Usually painted on Roman walls in three
dimensional forms
Literally to deceive the eye
An optical illusion
Mosaic
Makes use of small tiles that fuse together in the
viewers eye
Tesserae
The small tiles that make up mosaic painting
Fresco
Painting on wet plaster
Done section by section of Roman walls
*additional notes:
Chryselephantine- Statue made out of ivory and
gold
Ranceaux- Roman Meander band has the design
of plant and vines (done vertically)
Arabesque- Roman Meander band same as the
ranceaux, done horizontally
Griffin- Roman Grotesque figure, has a body of a
lion, wings of an eagle, and head of a ram.
*note
The Christians used the symbol of a fish in their worship
The church became their worship place
Byzantine Contributions:
Capitals:
The Church:
Iconography:
Iconoclastic Age:
Period in Byzantine history when Emperor Leo III
decreed that all icons be destroyed and burned
Church
Infirmary- Hospital/Clinic
Library
Dormitory
Romanesque Contributions:
Gothic Contributions: