1. If a : b : : c : d, then ad = bc
2. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : b : : c + d : d
3. If a : b : : c : d, then a - b : b : : c - d : d
4. If a : b : : c : d, then a + b : a - b : : c + d : c - d
5. If
then k =
NUMBERS
1. a3 + b3 + c 3 3abc = (a + b + c) (a2 + b2 + c 2 ab bc ca)
2. The product of n consecutive integers is always divisible by n! (n factorial)
3. The sum of any number of even numbers is always even
4. The sum of even number of odd numbers is always even
5. The sum of odd number of odd numbers is always odd
6. If N is a composite number such that N = ap . bq . c r .... where a, b, c are prime factors of N and p, q, r
.... are positive integers, then
a) the number of factors of N is given by the expression (p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ...
b) it can be expressed as the product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1).....} ways
c) if N is a perfect square, it can be expressed
(i) as a product of two DIFFERENT factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... -1 } ways
(ii) as a product of two factors in 1/2 {(p + 1) (q + 1) (r + 1) ... +1} ways
b) Compound interest, I = P
2. Amount under
a) Simple interest, A =
b) Compound interest, A = P
3. Effective rate of interest when compounding is done k times a year
re =
MIXTURES AND ALLIGATION
1. If p1, p2 and p are the respective concentrations of the first mixture, second mixture and the final mixture
respectively, and q1 and q2 are the quantities of the first and the second mixtures respectively, then
Weighted Average (p)
p=
2. If C is the concentration after a dilutions, V is the original volume and x is the volume of liquid. Replaced
each time then C =
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
1. If a, b and c are all rational and x +
root
and ab =
, at x =
, at x =
is the other
PROGRESSIONS
Arithmetic Progression (A.P)
a is the first term, d is the last term and n is the number of terms
1. Tn = a + (n 1)d
2. Sn =
3. Tn = Sn Sn-1
4. Sn = A.M n
Geometric Progression (G.P)
a is the first term, r is the common ratio and n is the number of terms
5. Tn = arn-1
6. Sn =
= (n)2
GEOMETRY
1. In a triangle ABC, if AD is the angular bisector, then
2. In a triangle ABC, if E and F are the points of AB and AC respectively and EF is parallel to BC, then
The angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by the arc in the remaining
part of the circle
2. Solids
HIGHER MATHS I
(PERMUTATIONS & COMBINATIONS, PROBABILITY)
1. n (A B) = n (A) + n (B) n (A B)
2. If A and B are two tasks that must be performed such that A can be performed in 'p' ways and for each
possible way of performing A, say there are 'q' ways of performing B, then the two tasks A and B can
be performed in p q ways
3. The number of ways of dividing (p + q) items into two groups containing p and q items respectively is
4. The number of ways of dividing 2p items into two equal groups of p each is
have distinct identity and
5. nCr = nCn r
6. The total number of ways in which a selection can be made by taking some or all out of (p + q + r + .....)
items where p are alike of one kind, q alike of a second kind, r alike of a third kind and so on is {(p + 1)
(q + 1) (r + 1) ....} -1
7. P(Event) =
and 0 P(Event) 1
HIGHER MATHS II
(STATISTICS, NUMBER SYSTEMS, INEQUALITIES & MODULUS, SPECIAL EQUATIONS)
1. G.M. = (x 1 x 2 ...... .x n)1/n
2.
6. If a > b,
If for two positive values a and b; a + b = constant (k), then the maximum value of the product ab is
obtained for a = b =
9.
If for two positive values a and b; ab = constant (k), then the minimum value of the sum (a + b) is
obtained for a = b
=
If a point P(x, y) divides the line segment joining A(x 1, y 1) and B(x 2, y 2) in the ratio m : n, then x =
and y =
, positive sign for internal division and negative sign for external division
If m1 and m2 are the slopes of two lines L1 and L2 respectively, then the angle q between them is
given by tanq =
or m1= m2
(ii) perpendicular if a1 a2 + b1 b2 = 0 or m1 m2 = -1
13. The distance between two parallel lines of the form ax + by +c 1 = 0 and ax + by + c 2 = 0 is given by
14. If ax + by + c = 0 is the equation of a line, then the perpendicular distance of a point (x 1, y 1) from the
line is given by