IGRP Background
RIP
Metric limitation
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IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Agenda
IGRP at a glance
IGRP
EIGRP
Bandwidth
Delay
Reliability
Loading
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 1
Page 43 - 2
Bandwidth
unit:
10 microseconds
is the sum of the transmission delays along the path
and is stored in a 32-bit field, in increments of 39.1
nanoseconds
unit:
bits/sec
default values for LANs
it
default
default
default
DelayIGRP
DelayEIGRP
5
is expressed by (delay/10)
is expressed by (delay/10)*256
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Bandwidth
metric
The
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
minimum
Delay
Delay
metric
BWEIGRP
BWIGRP
5.120
256.000
256.000
640.000
160.000
256.000
1.657.856
20.000.000
40.000.000
45.714.176
256.000.000
2.560.000.000
20
100
1.000
2.500
625
100
6.476
78.125
156.250
178.571
1.000.000
10.000.000
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
DelayEIGRP
51.200.000
100 Mbit Ethernet (0,1 ms) 25.60
10 Mbit Ethernet (1 ms)
25.600
Token Ring 4 ( 2,5ms)
64.000
Token Ring 16 ( 0,6ms)
16.000
FDDI 100 ( 0,1ms)
2.560
serial links:
1.544 Mbps (20 ms)
512.000
128 kbps (20 ms)
512.000
64 kbps (20 ms)
512.000
56 kbps (20 ms)
512.000
10 kbps (20 ms)
512.000
1 kbps (20 ms)
512.000
Satellite (2 sec)
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 3
Page 43 - 4
DelayIGRP
200.000
10
100
250
62,5
10
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
2.000
8
Reliability
arbitrary
number
means 0%
worst
keepalives are sent off the interface every 10 seconds, frame has
k 2 min BWIGRP
+ k 3 sumDelay IGRP
256 - load
If k5 doesn
doesnt equal 0, an additional operation is done
CRC
samples are calculated over 5 minutes
time
defaults:
k5
reliabilit y + k 4
used
For default values of k parameters:
compositem etric = k1 min BWIGRP + k 3 sumDelay IGRP
2005, D.I. Manfred Lindner
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
11
Loading
arbitrary
Prefered Path!!!
number
Metric=BW+delay=78125+2000=
80125
Metric=BW+delay=78125+2000=80125
measured
128kbps
64kbps
Metric=min.BW
Metric=min.BW along the path+sum of delays =156250+2000+2000=160250
=156250+2000+2000=160250
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
10
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 5
Page 43 - 6
12
Metric=BW+delay=78125+2000=
80125
Metric=BW+delay=78125+2000=80125
IP
IP
IP
IP
128kbps
64kbps
!!!
th
Pa
d
e
er
ef
Pr
Metric=min.BW
Metric=min.BW along the path+sum of delays =156250+2000+2000=160250
=156250+2000+2000=160250
Metric=min.BW
Metric=min.BW along the path+sum of delays =6476+2000+2000=10476
=6476+2000+2000=10476
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
13
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
15
IGRP Metric
IP
IP
1,544Mbps
Pr
efe
re
dP
ath
!!!
128kbps
IP
1,544Mbps
IP
IP
128kbps
default:
The
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
14
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 7
Page 43 - 8
16
e.g.
(starts
IGRP
194.96.4.4/30
Internet
194.96.4.8/30
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
17
19
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
address: 255.255.255.255
IGRP
9
are
are
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
IP
Physical layer
18
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 9
Page 43 - 10
20
Agenda
EIGRP at a glance
IGRP
EIGRP
DUAL:
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
21
EIGRP Background
advantages:
disadvantages:
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
23
proprietary protocol
tries to combine the advantages of the distance vector and the link
state protocol world without their specific problems
Distance vector
EIGRP at a glance
Update
Link state
advantages:
disadvantages:
22
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 11
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24
EIGRP Concepts
EIGRP Concepts
R2
R8
Hello
Hello
Hello
R3
its
R1
R5
Hello
Hello
Hello
Hello
R4
Hello
FDDI
25
EIGRP Concepts
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
X
R7
Hello
Hello
Hello
Point-to-point network
Hello
R6
Hello
Hello
Hello
Token
Ring
Hello
Neighbor table R1
Neighbor table R2
Neighbor table R3
Neighbor table R4
R2
R1
R1
R1
R3
R3
R2
R2
R4
R4
R8
R4
R5
R3
R7
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
27
EIGRP Concepts
PointPoint-toto-Point:
Point: Neighbor relationship is formed
with the router on the other end
Hello time interval: 5 sec
Broadcast multiaccess:
multiaccess: Neighbor relationships
are formed dynamically using multicast hellos
Hello time interval: 5 sec
Multicast address: 224.0.0.10
Nonbroadcast multiaccess:
multiaccess: Neighbor relationships
are formed by manual configuration
Hello time interval: 60sec
Dest. Address: Unicast address of the
neighbor
2005, D.I. Manfred Lindner
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
F/R
X.25
ATM
26
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 13
Page 43 - 14
28
EIGRP Concepts
EIGRP Concepts
Update packets
Topology Table
In
Stores
A neighbor that has been selected as the next hop for a destination,
it ends up in the Routing Table
A neighbor that has satisfied the Feasibility Condition and has a path
to the destination (is an alternate route to the current successor)
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
29
EIGRP Concepts
A condition that is met when the lowest of all the neighbors' costs
plus the link cost to that neighbor is found, and the neighbor's
advertised cost is less than the current successor's cost.
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
31
R2
Ack.
NetY ad:20
Update
Ack.
10
R3
R1
NetY ad:10
Update
Ack.
NetY ad:20
Update
R5
NetY ad:120
Update
100
10
R4 NetY ad:20
Ack.
NetY
ad:40
Update
R6 NetY ad:220
Update
100
Ack.
FDDI
R3
R1
10 Net X ad:216
R7
Net X ad:17
Token 6
Ring
FDDI
Update
Part of R1
R1s Topology Table
Network
Update propagation
Successor
ad = advertised distance
Feasible Successor
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
10
R6
100
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
X
NetY ad:21
R5
100
R4
Token 6
Ring
R7
Ack.
16
Update
New network Y
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
10
Ack.
R8
Net X ad:26
R8
16
30
Advertised Distance
Feasible Distance
Neighbor
17
27
R4
216
226
R3
26
36
R2
ad = advertised
distance
IGRP-EIGRP,
v3.5
Page 43 - 15
Page 43 - 16
32
R2
R8
Net X ad:36
26
R3
10 Net X ad:216
R1
R5
100
10
R6
100
Active
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
R4
R7
Net X ad:17
Token 6
Ring
FDDI
Part of R1
R1s Topology Table
Successor
no Feasible
Successor!!!
Advertised Distance
Feasible Distance
Neighbor
17
27
R4
216
226
R3
36
46
R2
ad = advertised
distance
IGRP-EIGRP,
v3.5
Sent to all neighbors when a router goes into Active for a destination
and is asking for information on that destination. Unless it receives
replies back from all its neighbors, the router will remain in Active
state and not start the computation for a new successor.
Network
state
33
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
35
R2
Passive
Active State
R1
state
R3
Query 1
Ack 9
R5
100
10
R6
100
Ack 1
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
X
R4
R7
Token 6
Ring
FDDI
10
Part of R1
R1s Topology Table
Network
Successor
no Feasible
Successor!!!
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Reply 17
Ack 17
26
Ack 1
R8
Reply 9
34
Advertised Distance
Feasible Distance
Neighbor
17
27
R4
216
226
R3
36
46
R2
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
Page 43 - 17
Page 43 - 18
36
EIGRP Compatibility
R2
R8
Ack
26
R3
R1
Update
Ack
R5
100
R6
10
100
automatic redistribution
N
e
t
w
o
r
k
manual redistribution
X
Passive State
R4
10
R7
IGRP
AS100
EIGRP
AS100
Token 6
Ring
IGRP
AS 397
EIGRP
AS100
FDDI
Part of R1
R1s Topology Table
manual redistribution
Network
Advertised Distance
Successor
Feasible Distance
Neighbor
216
226
R3
36
46
R2
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
37
EIGRP Compatibility
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
39
Route tagging
EIGRP
all other IP
routing
protocols
EIGRP
AS100
Internal routes
EIGRP
88
Route redistribution
in
IP
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
38
IGRP-EIGRP, v3.5
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40