Tank size
Tank capacity
Angle of repose
Conrete
0.26
10.00
M
cbc
5
6
7
Steel
fy
Nominal Cover
Thickness
Walls
Top roof
Bottom slab
Reinforcement Wall
Long out side vertical
Out side vertical
in side vertical
in side vertical
Distribution
Short out side vertical
Out side vertical
in side vertical
in side vertical
Out side Horizontal
Out side Horizontal
In side Horizontal
In side Horizontal
Roof
Main
Distribution
Base
Main
Main
Distribution
30
20
7
415
35
200
4.00
x
120000 ltr
x
Degree
N/mm
mm
3.00
10.00 m
0.26
m
0.16 m
17.00
25000
13
150
9.81
kN/m
N/m3
10 mm bars
m
m
0.85
m height
300
mm
mm
16
16
16
16
8
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
12
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
100
200
130
260
150
170
340
170
340
90
170
100
170
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
12
10
16
16
8
mm
mm
mm
mm
mm
110
170
90
170
140
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c at the Bottom face
mm c/c at the top face
mm c/c
110
220
short span
top roof
0.16
16 mm bars
90 mm c/c
m
0.60
upto top
mm
mm
0.26
0.20
0.30
0.85
12 mm bars
170 mm c/c
N/mm
kN/m3
12 mm bars
4.00 m
16 mm bars
170
8 mm bars
140
mm
bars
16
90
mm
mm
mm
0.60
0.30
m height
upto top
on each face
0.85
m height
0.26
upto top
1.00
m height
2.00 m
upto top
0.85
m height
upto top
0.85
m height
upto top
1.00 m
170
mm c/c
mm c/c
170
340
mm c/c
340
170
100
mm c/c
90
mm c/c
170
mm c/c
0.26
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
0.30
long wall steel deail
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
pkn
M
fy
cbc
Nominal cover
10.00 x
4.00 x
3.00
m
120 #
120000 mm
30 Degree
Saturated soil unit wt
20
unit weight
2
415 N/mm
Tensile stess
7 N/mm2
m
35 mm
unit wt. of water
= 17.00
kN/m3
N/m3
=
###
= 150 N/mm2
=
13
= 9.81 N/mm3
17000
9810
###
Solution, general:- There are four components of design.
(I) Design of long wall
(II) Design of short wall
(III) Design of roof slab
(IV) Design of base slab
The design of walls will be done under two condition.
(a) Tank full with water, with no earth fill out side.
(b) Tank empty, with full earth pressure due to saturated earth fill.
The base slab will be designed for uplift pressure and the hole tank is to be tasted against
floatation. As the L/B ratio is greater than 2 the long wall will be designed as cantilever. The bottom one metre
( >H /4) of short walls will be designed as cantilever while the top portion will designed as slab supported by
long walls .
### Design Constants:- For HYSD Bars
st
cbc
k=
150
7
m*c
m*c+st
j=1-k/3
1
R=1/2xc x j x k
0.5
Cocrete M =
N/mm2
wt. of concrete =
N/mm2
m
13
13 x
x
7
0.378
0.874
20
25000
13
0.378
0.874
x 0.378 =
1.155
150
N/mm2
### Design of Long wall :(a) Tank empty with pressure satureted soil from outside.
Pa =
KaY'H +YwH
1
0.5
0.5
1
1 - sin 30
Here,
Ka =
=
=
=
=
0.333
30
1
+
0.5
1.5
3
1 + sin
17.00 9.81 =
7.19 kN/m3
= 7190
N/m3
Y'
=
Yw =
9.81
kN/m3 =
9810 N/m3
Pa = 0.333
x
7190 x
3.00 +
9810 x
3.00 = 36620 N/m2
3.00
3.00
Maximum B.M. at the base of wall = 36620 x
x
= 54930
N-m or 54930000 N-mm
2
3
54930000
=
Required depth
=
218
mm
1.155 x
1000
Provide total depth 218
+
35 =
so that available d =
260 mm
225 mm
54930000
Ast =
=
1862
mm2
150
x
0.874 x
225
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
= 201 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
201 / 1862 =
108
say
= 100 mm
16 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
100 mm c/c on out side face, at bottom of long wall
Cutailment of reinfocrement.
Since B.M. is proportional to h3, we have:
Asth
Asth 1/3
h3
=
=
From
which
h
=
H
x
Ast
Ast
H3
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
N/m2
4.00
= 48827
N
2
This will be well taken by distribution steel and wall section
(b) Tank full with water and no earth fill out side.
9810 x 3.00 =
P = Y x wh =
29430 N/m2
HxH
3.00 x 3.00
M=p x
= 29430 x
= 44145 N-m or
44145000
N-mm
2x3
2
x
3
44145000
Ast =
=
1496
mm2
150
x
0.874 x
225
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 16 x 16
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
= 201 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
201 / 1496 =
134
say
= 130 mm
16 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
130 mm c/c at the in side face.
Curtailement of reinforcement:Asth
Asth 1/3
h3
=
=
From which
h =
H
x
3
Ast
Ast
H
PLC =Pa.x B/2
24413 x
3.00 -
12 x
16
192 mm or d =
225 mm,
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
whichever is more, beyond this point. Hence curtail half the bars at
0.62 + 0.225 = 0.85 m from base.
Similarly, depth where only 0.25% reinforcement is requiredd is h=H(0.25)1/3= 3.00 x( 0.25 )1/3=
1.89
3.00 1.89 =
1.11 m However as per code requirement,
B
2
Where p=
9810
4.00
2
19620
N/m2 at
1.00 m height
4.00
N, As required = 39240 / 150 = 262 mm2
=
39240
2
mm2
Area of distribution steel provided in horizontal direction =
670
Hece distribution steel will take direct tension.
### Design of short walls :(a) Tank empty, with pressure of satureted soil from outside.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining
2.00 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
Pa = KaY' (H-h) + Yw (H-h)
=
0.33 x 7190 x 2.00 + 9810 x 2.00 = 4793 +
19620
= 24413 N/m2
PaL2
24413 x 4.00 2
Mf (at supports ) =
=
=
32551
N-m (causing tension out side )
12
12
PaL2
PaL2
24413 x 4.00 2
N-m (causing
- Mf =
M ( at centre ) =
=
=
16275
tension
in side )
8
24
24
35
+
16 ) = 209 mm
d = 260 - (
32551000
At Supports, Ast =
=
1188
mm2
150
x
0.874 x
209
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
= 113 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
113 / 1188 =
95
say
= 90 mm
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
90 mm c/c at the out side face at
2.00 m below the top
2
At mid span, Ast =
1188 x
0.5
= 594 mm
minimum Ast =
661 mm2
PL
= 19620
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
=
= 113
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
113 / 661 =
171
say
= 170 mm
mm
bar,
@
12
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at inner side face
The bottom
1.00 m will bend as cantilever.
(III) Bottom portion
Intensity of earth pressure at bottom =
36620 N/m2
using ### mm bars
mm2
1
2
36620
1
3
6103
N-m
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
x
1000
=
207
mm2
0.874 x
225
0.254
%
"=
661 mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
= 113
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
113 / 661 =
171
say
= 170 mm
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
6103
150 x
Minimum steel @
Ast
mm2
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
(III) Direct compression in short walls:Though the long walls bend as cantilever, it is observed that end
1.00 metre
width of long wall contributes to push in short walla, due to earth pressure, and its magnitude is given by
PBC
= Pa x
1
=
24413 x
1
= 24413
N
This is quite small, and hence its effect has not been considered.
(b) Tank full with water , and no earth fill out side.
(I) Top Portion . The bottom 1.00 m act as cantilever, while the remaining
2.00 m
act as slab supported on long walls.
9810 x( 3.00 1.00 )= 19620 N/m2
p = w (H-h) =
PB2
12
PB2
Mc (At centre) =
24
Direct tension in short wall:pB =
Mf (at supports ) =
19620 x 4.00 2
=
12
19620 x 4.00 2
=
=
24
Due to water pressure on the end
=
9810 x( 3.00 w (H-h) x1
=
st,j.d
209 mm
260 /
causing tension at
the inside
causing tension at
13080 N-m
the outside
1.00 metre width of long wall is
1.00 )x 1.0 = 19620 N/m2
26160
Ast2
N-m
79
PB
st , j . d
PB
79
19620
= 131
mm2 \ total Ast =
421
150
s
Minimum reinforcement required
=
661
mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
Ast2 =
mm
898
mm2
+ 131 = 1029
x 12
= 113
100
= 100 mm
421
12
mm2
mm2
+ 131 = 552
mm2
= 113
mm2
mm2
=
4 x100
4
x
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
113 / 661 =
171
say
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at the outside face,
= 113
100
= 170 mm
mm2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
The bottom
= 29430
1
1
with tension at in side
=
x 29430 x
1
x
=
4905
N-m
M
face
2
3
4905
x
1000
Ast
=
=
166
mm2
150 x
0.874 x
225
=
Minimum steel @
0.254
%
661 mm2
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
= 113 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
113 / 661 =
171
say
= 170 mm
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at out side face, in vertical direction for
bottom 1.00 m height. The spacing can be doubled for upper portion.
( C) Summary of reinforcement in short walls.
(I) Horizontal reifocement at inner face:
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is
12 mm @ 170 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is
12 mm @
100 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
100 mm c/c at inner face at, 2.00 m from top.
At top
1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at for the top
1.00
m height.
(II) Horizontal reinfocement for outer face;
For lateral earth pressure, horizontal reinfocement require is
12 mm @
90 mm c/c in the mid span
For water pressure, horizontal reinforcement required is
12 mm @
170 mm c/c at the ends.
Hence provided greater one of two reinforcement.
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
90 mm c/c at inner face at, 0.00 m from top.
At top
1 m height, the pressure will be reduced to half the value ;
12 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c at for the top
1.00
m height.
(III) Vertical reinforcement at inner face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @
170 mm c/c at the inner face, for bottom
1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
(IV) Vertical reinforcement at outer face;
provide 12 mm F bar, @
170 mm c/c at the Outer face, for bottom 1.00 m height
the spacing can be double for upper portion.
### Design of top slab:L/B
= 10.00 /
4.00 = 2.5 Hence top slab will be design as one way slab.
Let the live load of slab =
2000
N/m2
Assuming a thickness of
20 cm including finishing etc.
self weight = 0.20
x
1
x
1
x ### =
5000
N/m2
Total weight
=
2000
+ 5000 =
7000
N/m2
w . B2
7000 x( 4.00 + 0.26 )2= 15879 N-m or 15879000 N-mm
M =
=
8
8
15879000
=
117
mm
1.155 x
1000
Provide total depth 117
+
35 =
160 mm so that available d= 125 mm
15879000
Ast =
=
969
mm2
150
x
0.874 x
125
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 12 x 12
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
4
x
100
Required depth
= 113
mm2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
113 / 969 =
110 mm c/c
117
say
110 mm
0.283 %
0.3
0.1
160
450
100
100
x 1000
= 453 mm2,
100
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 10
using ### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
4
x
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x 78.5 / 453 =
173
say
mm
bar,
@
10
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c the other direction.
Astd
= 0.283
160
x 10
= 78.5
100
= 170 mm
mm2
However, because of saturated sub-soil, there will uplift pressure on the bottom slab, of the magnitude given by.
mm)
mm
N
N
N
N
hence provide projection in slab, beyond the face of vertical walls, by an amount x m alround, so that weight of
soil column supported by projection will provide additional down war force. It is assumed that if the tank is floted,
the earth would rupture on vrtical planes shown by dotted lines. (fig ) .Most soil would tend torupture on an
inclined planes, thus tendind to increase the effective down ward load from the earth but this might be small in
waterlogged non-cohesive ground.
Weigt of soil supported by projection:
x = 2(L+B)x H.Ysat =
2
x(
Weight of roof slab and finishing =
Weight of walls
=
0.26 x
2.00 x(
4.00 + 2 x 0.26 +
2
x)
( 10.00 +
2
x 0.26 +
=(
4.52 +
2
x)( 10.52 +
Assuming that S.F. = 1.10 is needed because
(I) concrete may weight less than
### =
### =
### =
Total "=
1534080
200000
546000
746000
2
2
x)
x)
0.3 x
7500
###
=
###
N/m3
xN
N
N
N
x2
7.90 x +
4.39 =
hence x =
0.60
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
Chech : width B1
=
4.52 +(
2
x 0.60 )
=
5.72 m
Length = 10.52 +(
2
x 0.60 )
=
11.72 m
Weight of soil suppoted on projection: x = 2 x( L 1 +B1)x Hysat
x =
2
x( 11.72 + 5.72 )x 0.60 x
3
x ### = 1067328
The Bottom slab will be design as one way slab. Cosidered one metre length
Upward water pressure Pu = 32373 N/m2
1
x
0.3
x ###
=
7500 N/m2
32373 - 7500
=
24873 N/m2
=
Weight of wall per m. run
=
0.26 x 3.00 x
1
x 25000
19500 N/m
weight of roof slab, transferred to each wall, per m run
0.26 )x
=
0.20 x(
2
+
1
x ###
=
11300
N
Weight of earth projection
= 17000 x
3
x
1
x 0.60
=
51000
x
1
x 0.60
=
30600 N/m
1
)2
x( ### +
Net unbalanced force/m run = 32373 ( 5.72 x
30600 + 11300
=
62374
N
= 62374 /
2
=
31187
N
Reaction on each wall
2
/
2
Pa '= Ka yH +wH = 36620
N/m
3
=
54930 N/m
pa = ### x
1.3
m above the bottom of base slab
Acting at
=
3
/
3
+ 0.3 =
0.60 2+
51000 x 0.60 2
B.M. at the edge of 24873 x
54930 x
1.3
cantilever portion '=
2
2.00
=
66706 N-m or 66706000 N-mm
Causing tension at bottom face
B.M. At center of span =
24873 x 5.72 2+ ### x 1.3 -( ### + 30600
2
x
2
4.26
5.72
+ 11300 )x
- 51000 x 0.60 x(
- 0.30
)'=
2
2
101726
+ 71409 "130782
- ###
=
-35983000 N-mm
-35983 N-m or
Causing tension at top face
=
66706000
=
Required depth
=
240
mm
1.155 x
1000
Provide total depth 240
+
50 =
290 mm so that available d= 240 mm
66706000
Ast =
=
2120
mm2
150
x
0.874 x
240
3.14xdia2
3.14 x 16 x 16
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
= 201 mm2
4 x100
4
x
100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
201 / 2120 =
95
say
= 90 mm
16 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
90 mm c/c at bottom Face
Self weight of slab :
1
x
Net upward pressure, p =
Ast =
35983000
x
0.874 x
=
1143
240
3.14xdia2
using
### mm bars
A
=
=
4 x100
Spacing of Bars = 1000 x
201 / 1143 =
16 mm bar, @
Hence Provided
170 mm c/c
150
100
100
713
mm2
3.14 x 16
4
x
176
say
16
= 201
100
= 170 mm
mm2
0.25 %
mm2
On each face
357
mm2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
3.14xdia2
3.14 x
8
=
4 x100
4
x
Spacing of hoop Bars = 1000 x 50.2 / 357 =
141
say
Hence Provided
8 mm bar, @ 140 mm c/c. on each face
using 8
mm bars
x 8
= 50.2
100
= 140 mm
mm2
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
100
8 mm@
mm c/c
150
mm c/c
0.26
0.26
16 mm @
mm @
mm @
12 mm @
mm @
mm@
12 mm @
90
130
0.26
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
4.00
0.30
mm c/c
10.00 m
12 mm @
220
mm c/c
10 mm @
170
12 mm @
110
mm c/c
0.26
mm c/c
0.16
3.00
0.60
12 mm @
12 mm @
mm @
mm @
12 mm @
12 mm @
12 mm @
12 mm @
340
340
100
170
90
170
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
mm c/c
0.26
8 mm@
150 mm c/c
mm c/c
0.26
mm@
4.00
2.00 m
1.00 m
0.60
0.3
2.00
16 mm@
16 mm@
200
260
1.00
0.60
16 mm@
16 mm@
100
130
0.3
Reinforcement detail for short wall
pk_nandwana@yahoo.co.in
0.16
3.00
0.60
ana@yahoo.co.in
M-15
18.67
M-20
13.33
M-25
10.98
M-30
9.33
M-35
8.11
M-40
7.18
cbc N/mm2
m cbc
8.5
10
11.5
13
(a) st =
140
N/mm2
(Fe 250)
(b) st =
190
N/mm2
(c ) st =
230
N/mm2
(Fe 415)
(d) st =
275
N/mm2
(Fe 500)
Grade of concrete
bd (N / mm2)
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
93.33
kc
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
jc
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
0.867
Rc
0.867
1.214
1.474
1.734
1.994
2.254
Pc (%)
0.714
1.214
1.429
1.643
1.857
Grade of
concrete
kc
0.329
0.329
0.329
0.329
0.329
0.329
M 15
jc
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
0.89
M 20
Rc
0.732
1.025
1.244
1.464
1.684
1.903
M 25
Pc (%)
0.433
0.606
0.736
0.866
0.997
1.127
M 30
kc
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.289
0.289
M 35
jc
0.904
0.904
0.904
0.904
0.904
0.904
M 40
Rc
0.653
0.914
1.11
1.306
1.502
1.698
M 45
Pc (%)
0.314
0.44
0.534
0.628
0.722
0.816
M 50
kc
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
0.253
jc
0.916
0.916
0.916
0.914
0.916
0.916
Rc
0.579
0.811
0.985
1.159
1.332
1.506
Pc (%)
0.23
0.322
0.391
0.46
0.53
0.599
M-15
0.18
0.22
0.29
0.34
0.37
0.40
0.42
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
tv N/mm2
M-35
0.2
0.23
0.31
0.37
0.42
0.45
0.49
0.52
0.54
0.56
0.58
0.60
0.62
M-40
0.2
0.23
0.32
0.38
0.42
0.46
0.49
0.52
0.55
0.57
0.60
0.62
0.63
Grade of
concrete
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
c.max
Shear stress tc
M-15
1.6
M-20
1.8
Reiforcement %
M-25
1.9
M-30
2.2
M-35
2.3
Permissi
M-40
2.5
Grade of concrete
ct.max
100As
bd
0.15
0.16
0.17
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.3
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.5
0.51
0.52
0.53
0.54
0.55
0.56
0.57
0.58
0.59
0.6
0.61
0.62
0.63
0.64
0.65
0.66
M-20
M-20
0.18
0.18
0.18
0.19
0.19
0.19
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.21
0.21
0.21
0.22
0.22
0.22
0.23
0.23
0.24
0.24
0.24
0.25
0.25
0.25
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.27
0.27
0.27
0.28
0.28
0.28
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.32
0.33
0.33
0.18
0.19
0.2
0.21
0.22
0.23
0.24
0.25
0.26
0.27
0.28
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.32
0.33
0.34
0.35
0.36
0.37
0.38
0.39
0.4
0.41
0.42
0.43
0.44
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.47
0.48
0.49
0.50
0.51
100As
bd
0.15
0.18
0.21
0.24
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.35
0.38
0.41
0.44
0.47
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.82
0.88
0.94
1.00
1.08
1.16
1.25
1.33
1.41
1.50
1.63
1.64
1.75
1.88
2.00
2.13
2.25
Value
Degree
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4
4.5
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
8
8.5
9
9.5
10
10.5
11
11.5
12
12.5
13
13.5
14
14.5
15
15.5
16
16.5
17
17.5
18
18.5
19
19.5
20
20.5
21
21.5
22
22.5
23
23.5
24
24.5
25
25.5
26
26.5
0.67
0.68
0.69
0.7
0.71
0.72
0.73
0.74
0.75
0.76
0.77
0.78
0.79
0.8
0.81
0.82
0.83
0.84
0.85
0.86
0.87
0.88
0.89
0.9
0.91
0.92
0.93
0.94
0.95
0.96
0.97
0.98
0.99
1.00
1.01
1.02
1.03
1.04
1.05
1.06
1.07
1.08
1.09
1.10
1.11
1.12
1.13
1.14
1.15
1.16
1.17
1.18
1.19
1.20
0.33
0.33
0.33
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.34
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.35
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.36
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.37
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.38
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.39
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
1.21
1.22
1.23
1.24
1.25
1.26
1.27
1.28
1.29
1.30
1.31
1.32
1.33
1.34
1.35
1.36
1.37
1.38
1.39
1.40
1.41
1.42
1.43
1.44
1.45
1.46
1.47
1.48
1.49
1.50
1.51
1.52
1.53
1.54
1.55
1.56
1.57
1.58
1.59
1.60
1.61
1.62
1.63
1.64
1.65
1.66
1.67
1.68
1.69
1.70
1.71
1.72
1.73
1.74
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.41
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.42
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.43
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.44
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.45
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
0.46
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
1.75
1.76
1.77
1.78
1.79
1.80
1.81
1.82
1.83
1.84
1.85
1.86
1.87
1.88
1.89
1.90
1.91
1.92
1.93
1.94
1.95
1.96
1.97
1.98
1.99
2.00
2.01
2.02
2.03
2.04
2.05
2.06
2.07
2.08
2.09
2.10
2.11
2.12
2.13
2.14
2.15
2.16
2.17
2.18
2.19
2.20
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.47
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.48
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.49
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.50
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90
2.29
2.30
2.31
2.32
2.33
2.34
2.35
2.36
2.37
2.38
2.39
2.40
2.41
2.42
2.43
2.44
2.45
2.46
2.47
2.48
2.49
2.50
2.51
2.52
2.53
2.54
2.55
2.56
2.57
2.58
2.59
2.60
2.61
2.62
2.63
2.64
2.65
2.66
2.67
2.68
2.69
2.70
2.71
2.72
2.73
2.74
2.75
2.76
2.77
2.78
2.79
2.80
2.81
2.82
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
2.83
2.84
2.85
2.86
2.87
2.88
2.89
2.90
2.91
2.92
2.93
2.94
2.95
2.96
2.97
2.98
2.99
3.00
3.01
3.02
3.03
3.04
3.05
3.06
3.07
3.08
3.09
3.10
3.11
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
0.51
M-15
0.6
M-20
0.8
M-25
0.9
M-30
1
M-35
1.1
M-40
1.2
M-45
1.3
bd
H.Y.S.D. Bars
(N / mm2)
kd = Ld
0.6
58
0.96
60
0.8
44
1.28
45
0.9
39
1.44
40
35
1.6
36
1.1
32
1.76
33
1.2
29
1.92
30
1.3
27
2.08
28
1.4
25
2.24
26
ct.max
M-10
1.2
M-15
2.0
M-20
2.8
M-25
3.2
M-30
3.6
M-35
4.0
M-40
4.4
M-50
1.4
Value of angle
sin
Degree
0.017
1
0.026
1.5
0.035
2
0.044
2.5
0.052
3
0.061
3.5
0.070
4
0.078
4.5
0.087
5
0.096
5.5
0.104
6
0.113
6.5
0.122
7
0.131
7.5
0.139
8
0.148
8.5
0.156
9
0.165
9.5
0.174
10
0.182
10.5
0.191
11
0.199
11.5
0.208
12
0.819
12.5
0.225
13
0.233
13.5
0.242
14
0.250
14.5
0.259
15
0.259
15.5
0.276
16
0.284
16.5
0.292
17
0.301
17.5
0.309
18
0.317
18.5
0.326
19
0.334
19.5
0.342
20
0.350
20.5
0.358
21
0.367
21.5
0.375
22
0.383
22.5
0.391
23
0.399
23.5
0.407
24
0.415
24.5
0.422
25
0.431
25.5
0.438
26
0.446
26.5
cos
1.000
1.000
0.999
0.999
0.999
0.998
0.998
0.997
0.996
0.995
0.995
0.994
0.993
0.991
0.990
0.989
0.988
0.986
0.985
0.983
0.981
0.980
0.978
0.976
0.974
0.972
0.970
0.968
0.966
0.964
0.961
0.959
0.956
0.954
0.951
0.948
0.946
0.943
0.940
0.937
0.934
0.930
0.927
0.924
0.921
0.917
0.924
0.910
0.906
0.905
0.898
0.895
tan
0.017
0.262
0.035
0.044
0.052
0.061
0.070
0.079
0.087
0.096
0.105
0.114
0.123
0.132
0.140
0.149
0.158
0.168
0.176
0.185
0.194
0.203
0.213
0.839
0.231
0.240
0.249
0.259
0.268
0.269
0.287
0.296
0.306
0.315
0.325
0.335
0.344
0.354
0.364
0.374
0.384
0.394
0.404
0.414
0.424
0.435
0.440
0.456
0.466
0.476
0.488
0.499
cot
57.295
56.300
28.644
22.913
19.083
16.362
14.311
12.707
11.437
10.385
9.563
8.777
8.149
7.597
7.119
6.691
6.315
5.963
5.673
5.396
5.142
4.915
4.704
1.192
4.332
4.166
4.011
3.867
3.732
3.723
3.488
3.376
3.272
3.172
3.078
2.989
2.905
2.824
2.747
2.674
2.605
2.539
2.475
2.414
2.356
2.300
2.271
2.194
2.148
2.103
2.049
2.006
0.454
0.462
0.469
0.477
0.485
0.492
0.500
0.508
0.515
0.522
0.530
0.537
0.545
0.552
0.559
0.566
0.573
0.581
0.588
0.595
0.602
0.609
0.616
0.623
0.629
0.636
0.643
0.649
0.656
0.663
0.669
0.676
0.682
0.688
0.695
0.701
0.707
0.713
0.719
0.725
0.731
0.737
0.742
0.749
0.755
0.760
0.766
0.772
0.777
0.786
0.788
0.793
0.799
0.804
27
27.5
28
28.5
29
29.5
30
30.5
31
31.5
32
32.5
33
33.5
34
34.5
35
35.5
36
36.5
37
37.5
38
38.5
39
39.5
40
40.5
41
41.5
42
42.5
43
43.5
44
44.5
45
45.5
46
46.5
47
47.5
48
48.5
49
49.5
50
50.5
51
51.5
52
52.5
53
53.5
0.891
0.887
0.883
0.879
0.875
0.870
0.866
0.862
0.857
0.853
0.848
0.843
0.839
0.834
0.829
0.834
0.819
0.814
0.809
0.804
0.799
0.793
0.788
0.783
0.777
0.772
0.766
0.760
0.755
0.749
0.743
0.737
0.731
0.725
0.719
0.713
0.707
0.701
0.695
0.688
0.682
0.676
0.669
0.663
0.656
0.649
0.643
0.636
0.629
0.623
0.616
0.609
0.602
0.595
0.510
0.521
0.532
0.543
0.554
0.566
0.577
0.589
0.601
0.613
0.625
0.637
0.649
0.662
0.675
0.679
0.700
0.713
0.726
0.740
0.754
0.767
0.781
0.795
0.810
0.824
0.839
0.854
0.869
0.885
0.900
0.916
0.933
0.949
0.966
0.983
1.000
1.018
1.036
1.054
1.072
1.091
1.109
1.130
1.150
1.171
1.192
1.213
1.235
1.262
1.280
1.303
1.327
1.351
1.963
1.921
1.881
1.842
1.804
1.767
1.732
1.698
1.664
1.632
1.600
1.570
1.540
1.511
1.483
1.473
1.429
1.402
1.377
1.351
1.327
1.303
1.280
1.257
1.235
1.213
1.191
1.171
1.150
1.130
1.111
1.091
1.072
1.054
1.036
1.018
1.000
0.983
0.966
0.949
0.933
0.916
0.902
0.885
0.869
0.854
0.839
0.824
0.810
0.792
0.781
0.767
0.754
0.740
0.809
0.814
0.819
0.824
0.829
0.834
0.839
0.843
0.848
0.853
0.857
0.862
0.866
0.870
0.875
0.879
0.883
0.887
0.891
0.895
0.899
0.903
0.906
0.910
0.914
0.917
0.921
0.924
0.927
0.930
0.934
0.937
0.940
0.943
0.946
0.948
0.951
0.954
0.956
0.959
0.961
0.964
0.966
0.968
0.970
0.982
0.974
0.976
0.978
0.980
0.982
0.983
0.985
0.986
54
54.5
55
55.5
56
56.5
57
57.5
58
58.5
59
59.5
60
60.5
61
61.5
62
62.5
63
63.5
64
64.5
65
65.5
66
66.5
67
67.5
68
68.5
69
69.5
70
70.5
71
71.5
72
72.5
73
73.5
74
74.5
75
75.5
76
76.5
77
77.5
78
78.5
79
79.5
80
80.5
0.588
0.581
0.574
0.566
0.559
0.552
0.545
0.537
0.530
0.522
0.515
0.508
0.500
0.492
0.485
0.477
0.470
0.462
0.454
0.446
0.438
0.431
0.423
0.415
0.407
0.399
0.391
0.383
0.375
0.819
0.358
0.350
0.342
0.556
0.326
0.317
0.309
0.301
0.292
0.284
0.276
0.267
0.259
0.250
0.242
0.233
0.225
0.216
0.208
0.199
0.191
0.182
0.174
0.165
1.376
1.402
1.428
1.455
1.483
1.511
1.540
1.570
1.600
1.632
1.664
1.698
1.732
1.767
1.804
1.842
1.880
1.921
1.963
2.006
2.051
2.097
2.145
2.195
2.246
2.300
2.356
2.414
2.475
1.136
2.605
2.674
2.747
1.696
2.904
2.989
3.078
3.172
3.271
3.376
3.488
3.606
3.732
3.868
4.011
4.209
4.332
4.511
4.705
4.915
5.145
5.396
5.673
5.977
0.727
0.713
0.700
0.687
0.675
0.662
0.649
0.637
0.625
0.613
0.601
0.589
0.577
0.566
0.554
0.543
0.532
0.521
0.510
0.498
0.488
0.477
0.466
0.456
0.445
0.435
0.424
0.414
0.404
0.880
0.384
0.374
0.364
0.590
0.344
0.335
0.325
0.315
0.306
0.296
0.287
0.277
0.268
0.259
0.249
0.238
0.231
0.222
0.213
0.203
0.194
0.185
0.176
0.167
0.988
0.989
0.999
0.991
0.993
0.994
0.995
0.995
0.996
0.997
0.998
0.998
0.999
0.999
0.999
1.000
0.9998
0.9999
1.000
81
81.5
82
82.5
83
83.5
84
84.5
85
85.5
86
86.5
87
87.5
88
88.5
89
89.5
90
0.156
0.148
0.139
0.131
0.122
0.113
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.078
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000
6.315
6.691
7.178
7.597
8.145
8.777
9.517
10.389
11.431
12.716
14.302
16.362
19.083
22.913
28.637
38.299
57.295
114.931
1.000
0.158
0.149
0.139
0.132
0.123
0.114
0.105
0.096
0.087
0.079
0.070
0.061
0.052
0.044
0.035
0.026
0.017
0.009
0.000