ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻼﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ..ﺃﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﻓﺄﻗﺪﻡ ﻟﻜﻢ
ﺇﺧﻮﰐ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﰐ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﺮﺟﻢ ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻝ ﺍﳒﻠﻴﺰﻱ ﻭﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﲨﺔ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﰲ ﺍﻟﺬﻫﱯ ﻭﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺗﺮﺟﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﳏﻠﻬﺎ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﳍﺎ
ﻓﺄﻋﺘﺬﺭ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﻓﻴﻪ .ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ Tableﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ .ﻭﻫﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ
ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ .
ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ArcGISﻫﻮ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺑﻞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻷﻓﻀﻞ ﰲ ﺑﺮﺍﻣﺞ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﻴﻪ
ﻗﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻭﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻫﻴﺒﺔ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﰊ ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻹﻧﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻭﻟﻸﺳﻒ
ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺷﺒﻪ ﺧﺎﻭﻳﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻧﻈﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔ ﻓﻀﻼﹰ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺑﺮﺍﳎﻬﺎ ﺑﻐﺾ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ
ﻋﻦ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻹﺟﺘﻬﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﳌﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺣﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨﺘﺪﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﱄ
ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﰎ ﻭﺿﻌﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺧﻮﺓ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﺘﺮﺓ ﻭﺟﺎﺀﺕ ﱄ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺗﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﻟﻮ ﺣﺮﻓﻴﺎﹰ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ،ﺣﱴ ﻧﻔﻬﻢ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺷﻴﺎﺀ ﻭﻟﻮ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺋﻲ ﻣﺒﺴﻂ ﺣﱴ ﻧﻌﺮﻑ ﻓﻜﺮﺓ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻻﺩﻭﺍﺕ
ﻓﺎﳍﻴﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﳛﻮﻱ ﺃﺳﺮﺍﺭ ﻛﺒﲑﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺭﲟﺎ ﻳﻔﻬﻤﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ
ﺍﻻﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ ﻓﺎﻟﻴﺖ ﺍﻷﺧﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ ﻳﺮﺳﻠﻮﻥ ﺍﱃ ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ﺃﻳﺰﺭﻱ ﺣﱴ ﺗﻘﻮﻡ ﺑﺘﺮﲨﺘﻪ ﺍﱃ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﻻﻥ
ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺞ ﺍﱃ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ ﻋﺪﺩ ﻛﺒﲑ ﺟﺪﺍ ﻻﻳﺴﺘﻬﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺸﻜﻠﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ
ﰲ ﻋﺪﻡ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺸﺊ .
ﻫﺬﺍ ﻭﺻﻠﻰ ﺍﷲ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﻭﻧﺒﻴﻨﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻭﻋﻠﻰ ﺁﻟﻪ ﻭﺻﺤﺒﻪ ﻭﺳﻠﻢ
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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻟﻔﹶﻬﻢ ﻫﻜﺬﺍ ﻳﻨﻈﹼﻢ ArcGIS ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻞِ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕِ ﺍﻟﱪﻧﺎﻣﺞ.
ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻣﻨﻈﱠﻤﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺪﺭﺟﺎﺕِ ﺍﳊﺎﻓﻈﺔِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﺳﻮﺑِﻚِ .ﻳﻌﺮﻑ ArcGIS ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦِ ﻋﻤﻞ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔِ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎﹰ:
"ﺣﺎﻓﻈﺎﺕ
" geodatabasesﺷﺨﺼﻲ
"ArcSDE® geodatabases
-ﺑﺎﳋﻴﺎﺭِ ﻭﺿﻊ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻔﹾﺘﺢ ArcCatalog ﺃﻧﺖ ﺳﺘﺮﻯ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﶈﺘﻤﻞ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣِﻦ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦِ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔِ
ﰲ ﺷﺠﺮﺓِ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞﹶ ﲟﺼﺎﺩﺭِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﻠِﻔﺔِ ﺇﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﺿﻤﻨﻬﻢ.
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ﺃﻱ (shapefile dataset (shpﻣﺨﺰﻭﻥﹸ ﰲ aﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ،ﻣﺘﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔِ ﻭﺧﻮﺍﺻِﻬﻢ ،ﻭﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ
aﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﻭﺣﻴﺪِ .ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁ ،ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ،ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﻀﻠﹼﻌﺎﺕ )ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ( ﺗﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔﹶ ﰲ a shapefile
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ﺇﺱ ﺩﻱ ﺳﻲ datasets
ﺃﻱ ﻳﺂْﱂﹸ ﺿﻐﻂﹶ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ datasetﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓِ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻘﻂِ ،ﲨﻴﻌﻬﺎ ﻟﹶﻬﻦ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔِ informaiton
ﻟﻜﻦ ﺑﺎﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔِ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻮﻣﻴﺔِ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺷﻜﺎﻝِ .ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺇﺱ ﺩﻱ ﺳﻲ ﺗﺸﻔﹼﺮ ﻭﺗﻀﻐﻂﹸ .ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﺇﻱ ﺇﺱ ﺁﺭ ﺁﻱ
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ﰲ ﰊ ﺇﻑ datasets
ﻫﺬﻩ aﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭ ﻭﺯﺍﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﻌﺴﻜﺮﻱِ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﻑ a ﺻﻴﻐﺔ ﻗﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ،ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ ،ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤﺔ ﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ
ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﻜﺒﲑﺓِ .ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﰲ ﰊ ﺇﻑ datasetsﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻘﻂ.
ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﰲ ﰊ ﺇﻑ
ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﰲ ﰊ ﺇﻑ aﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹِ .ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﻧﻘﻄﺔﹰ ،ﺧﻂﹼ ،ﻣﻀﻠﹼﻊ ،ﺃﹶﻭ
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺗﺬﻳﻴﻞِ a nd،ﻟﹶﻪ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓﹸ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻄﺔِ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉِ ﻣِﻦ ﺻﻨﻒِ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓِ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﻓﻘﻂﹸ.
ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ Raster
Raster datasets
ﺃﻱ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣِﻦ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻓِﺮﻕِ ﺃﻛﺜﺮِ aﺩﻋﻤﺎ ﻧﻮﻉ raster ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﺟﺮﺓِ ،ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺇﻱ ﺇﺱ ﺁﺭ ﺁﻱ ﺃﹶﻭ MrSID.
Raster datasetsﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌِﻴﺶ ﰲ aﺣﺎﻓﻈﺔ ﰲ aﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﻣﻠﻒِ.
ﻓِﺮﻕ Raster dataset
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ﺃﺩﻟﺔ Raster
ﺃﺩﻟﺔ Raster aﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ raster datasetsﻧﻈﹼﻤﺖ ﰲ aﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ .ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺳﺠﻼﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺩraster
datasetsﺗﻀﻤﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺪﻟﻴﻞِ .ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺃﻭﻗﺎﺕ ﻣﱴ ﻫﻲ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﺮﻏﻮﺑﺔﹸ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﳎﺎﻭﺭ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﺪﺍﺧﻞ raster
datasetsﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺋِﻬﻢ ﺇﱃ aﻣﻠﻒ ﻛﺒﲑ .ﺃﺩﻟﺔ Rasterﺗﺼﻤﻢ ﻟﺘﻔﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔِ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻔﺴﻴﻔﺴﺎﺀِ.
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻴﺢ
ﻋﻠﹼﺐdatasets
ﻫﺬﻩ datasetsﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻟﻌﺮﺽ ﻭﺗﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﻮﺡِ .ﻋﻠﹼﺐ datasets ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺑﺎﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﺎﻁﹶ
ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺇﻧﺘﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ ،xﺇﺣﺪﺍﺛﻴﺎﺕ ﺻﺎﺩﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼِﻒ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﻬﻢ ﻭ a zﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺍﻟﺴﻄﺢ ﰲ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔِ ﺍﳌﻌﻴﻨﺔِ.
ﺍﻟﻌﻠﹶﺐ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞ ﺍﻹﺭﺗﻔﺎﻉِ ،ﻣﻄﺮ ،ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺓ ،ﻭﺃﻛﺜﺮ.
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ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﳎﺪﻭﻟﺔ
ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝ
ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺪﺍﻭﻝﹸ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺭﺗﺒﺖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﻮﻑِ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤﺪﺓِ .ﻳﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺻﻒ ﻛﻴﺎﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﻱ ،ﺳﺠﻞ ،ﺃﹶﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ،ﻭﻛﹸﻞﹼ
ﻋﻤﻮﺩ ﻳﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ aﺣﻘﻞ ﺃﻋﺰﺏِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻗﻴﻤﺔِ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔِ .ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺿﺪ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻨﻀﻢ ﺇﱃ datasets
ﻟﺘﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔِ ﺳﻬﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝِ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔِ.
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"ﺃﻱ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻓﺎﺭﻏﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ :ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻋِﻨﺪﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺼﻔﹼﻔﻮﻥﹶ ﻫﻢ ﻳﻮﺩﻭﻥﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻈﺮﻭﺍ
ﻭ /ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻌﺎﳉﻮﻥﹶ .ﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕِ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺟﻲ ﺁﻱ ﺇﺱ ﻫﻢ ﻭﻳﺤﻔﻈﹸﻪ
ﻙ aﻣﻠﻒ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔِ ﺃﺩﻳﺖ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﹶ ﺟﻠﺴﺔﹶ ArcMapﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻣﺔ ﺑﺈﻓﺘﺘﺎﺡ ﻣﻠﻒِ
ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﺍﳊﺎﱄِ ،ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣِﻦ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﻴﻒ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕِ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗِﻬﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔﹰ.
"ﺃﻱ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ :ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥﹶ ﺇﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳌﺨﻄﻄﺎﺕِ ﻭﻳﺴﻨﺪﻭﻥﹶ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂﹶ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠِﻘﻮﺍ /
ﺯﻭﺩﻭﺍ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖِ ﺍﳉﻐﺮﺍﻓﻴﺔِ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﻠِﻔﺔِ.
"ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔ :ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭِ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺧﻠﻘﻮﺍ aﻣﻠﻒ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻭﻥﹶ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻳﺼﻔﹼﻔﻮﻥﹶ
ﻫﻢ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻊ.
ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺎﻥ ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺗﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ:
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.2ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻳﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﻣِﻦ ﺷﺠﺮﺓِ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ،ArcCatalogﻭﻳﺴﺤﺒﻪ ﺃﻱ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺮﺽِ
.ArcMap
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"ﻛﺒﺮ / ﺧﺎﺭﺝ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻷﺯﻳﺰ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺮﺽِ
ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ a ،ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔِ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺗﻜﺒﲑ /ﺧﺎﺭﺝ .ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ،
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ aﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻌﻴﻦ ﻟﺘﻜﺒﲑ /ﺧﺎﺭﺝ.
"ﺛﹶﺒﺖ ﻳﻜﺒﺮ / ﺧﺎﺭﺝ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺯﻳﺰِ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖِ ﰲ /ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻳﺰﺭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﺳﻴﻜﺒﺮ / ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮﻛﺰِ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ.
"ﻣﻘﻼﺓ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﻘﻼﺓﹶ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ،
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻭﻳﺴﺤﺐ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﺇﱃ ﻣﻮﻗﻌِﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺏِ.
"ﻣﺪﻯ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞِ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﻫﺬﺍ
ﺳﻴﺠﺪﺩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺗﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭِ.
"ﻋﺪ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖِ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺬﹾﻫﺐ ﺍﻟﻈﻬﺮ ﺇﱃ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖِ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖِ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ.
"ﺇﺫﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡِ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻳﺬﹾﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍ ِ
ﺕ
.toolbarﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﺳﻴﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔﹰ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺳﻠﺴﻠﺔِ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﺎﺕ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻨﻈﺮ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
"ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﺎﺓ :ﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﺎﺓﹶ ﺗﺰﺭﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ .toolbarﰒﹼ،
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ aﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭﻩ .ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻟﺴﺤﺐ a
ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﻝ aﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭﻫﻢ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ .ﺇﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻣﻔﺘﺎﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺘﻔﻆﹶ ﺑﻠﻜﻲ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ
ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓﹶ.
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ﺃﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻟﺘﺴﻤِﻴﺔ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔِ
ﺑﻌﺪ aﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﹼﺮﺕ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﹶ ﻭﺟﻬﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ ،ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢِ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ،ﻭﺍﻻﺳﻢ
ﺳﻴﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻗﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻭﻳﻦ ،ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﺳﻴﺮﺗﻔﻊ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊِ.
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ﰲ aﺟﻲ ﺁﻱ ﺇﺱ a ،ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ aﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂﹸ ﺏ aﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕِ .ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕِ ﻣﺨﺰﻭﻧﺔﹸ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ
ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔِ .ﺃﻱ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ aﺻﻒ) ﺃﹶﻭ ﺳﺠﻞ( ﻟﻜﹸﻞﹼ ﻣﻴﺰﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﻭ aﻋﻤﻮﺩ )ﺃﹶﻭ ﺣﻘﻞ( ﻟﻜﹸﻞﹼ
ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺻﻨﻒ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕِ.
ﻟﻔﹶﺘﺢ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﻝ aﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﰲ ،ArcMapﻧﻘﺮﺓ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ .ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ
ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﺍﳌﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔِ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﺎﺓِ.
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ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﹾﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﰲ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﻭﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭِ
ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺿﺢِ .ﻳﺼﺒﺢ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻞﹸ ﻏﲑ ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﻭﰲ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
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ﺃﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﺑﺎﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕِ ﻟﻠﺬﻱ ﺇﺧﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻞﹶ .ﺗﻌﻠﹼﺐ ﺍﻹﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﻭﺽ ﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕِ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻨﻀﺪﺓِ
ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﺎِ ،ﺣﺪ ﺃﻋﻠﻰ ،ﻣﺒﻠﻎ ،ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ،ﻭﻗِﻴﻢ ﺇﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻣﻌﻴﺎﺭﻱ .ﻳﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ ﳐﻄﻂﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺮﺍﺭﻱ ﺗﻮﺯﻳﻊ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﻢِ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ
ﲣﻄﻴﻄﻲ .ﺗﺸﻮﻑ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺇﺣﺼﺎﺋﻴﺎﺕ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔِ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ.
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ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻀﻠﹼﻊِ ﻣﺴﺤﻮﺑﺔ ﺑﺮﻣﺰﻳﻦ a ،ﻣﻞﺀ ﻭﺧﻼﺻﺔ .ﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﻼﺻﺔِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰِ ﻟﻠﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔِ ﺗﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ .ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﳐﺘﺎﺭِ ﺍﻟﺮﻣﺰ ﻳﻔﹾﺘﺢ .ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻴﺴﺎﺭ
ﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔﹶ .ﺗﺆﻃﹼﺮ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻖ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ aﻟﻮﻥ ﻭﻭﺿﻌﺖ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﻼﺻﺔِ.
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ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ،ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻣﻤﺜﱠﻠﺔ ﻣﻊ aﺭﻣﺰ ﻭﺣﻴﺪ )ﻣﻌﲎ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕِ ﰲ aﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥﹸ ﻋِﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥِ( .ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﺜﻴﻞﹶ ﺇﱃ aﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻄﻠﻖ )ﺣﻴﺚ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ aﺭﻣﺰ ﻓﺮﻳﺪ( ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ
ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ.
ﺃﻱ ﺣﻘﻞ ﻗﻴﻤﺔِ ﻣِﻦ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ .ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺣﺎﻟﺔِ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔِ _ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺇﺧﺘﺮ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺸﻮﻑ a ﺭﻣﺰ ﳐﺘﻠﻒ
ﻟﻜﹸﻞﹼ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ .ﳐﻄﻂ ﻟﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭِ ﻟﹶﺮﺑﻤﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕِ ﺗﻀِﻊ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﻐﻂﹶ Add
ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﻢ ﺗﺰﺭﺭ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺼﺒﺢ a ﺗﺴﺠﻴﻞ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻭﺭﻣﺰﻫﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺮﺗﺒﻂ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﺭﺍﺿﻲ ﻋﻦ
،symbologyﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﻐﻂﹶ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ .ﳐﻄﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥِ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪِ ﺳﻴﻘﺪﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
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ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﻢ ﻣﺠﻤﻌﺔ ﺇﱃ 5ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑِ ﻭﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔِ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﺇﺟﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔﹸ .ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒِ ﺍﻟﱵ
ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
.1ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺯﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ :ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒِ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﻗﻴﺪِ ﻭﺗﺸﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ.
.2ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺮﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔ :ﻳﺨﻠﻖ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒِ ﺃﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﳎﺎﻣﻴﻊِ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔِ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﻳﺔِ.
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ﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ aﻗﺴﻢ ﺭﻣﺰﺍﹰ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻧﻘﺮﺓﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡِ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ .ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ
ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ ﺳﻴﻔﹾﺘﺢ ،ﻭﺳﻌﺮ symbologyﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﺽ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﻜﻤﻴﺎﺕ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺭﻣﻮﺯ ﻣﺘﺨﺮﺟﺔﹶ .ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻘﻞِ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔﹶ،
ﺍﳍﺒﻮﻁ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢِ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ ،ﻭﺣﻘﻞ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﺍﻹﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡِ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ .ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻊ ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑِ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ
ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﰒﹼ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻧﺎﻥِ ﳐﺘﺎﺭﺍﹰ.
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ﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ ﻭﺗﻐﻴﲑ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ aﻋﻼﻣﺔ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻜﻴﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻧﻘﺮﺓﹶ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔﹶ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ
ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ .ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﻋﻼﻣﺔِ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﺍﳋﻂﱠ ﻭﻟﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻧﻘﺮﺓﹶ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﺗﺴﻤﻲ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺮ
ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ ،ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
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ﻫﺬﺍ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭِ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑ ﺍﻟﻠﻮﻥِ ،ﺣﺠﻢ ،ﺧﻂﹼ ،ﻭﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕ ﺭﻣﺰِ ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺔﹶ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻣﻜﺎﻥﹸ
ﻣﻨﻬﻰ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪﺓﹸ ،ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﺍﻟﻌﻼﻣﺎﺕ ﺳﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
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Go to:
Section 1: Getting Started with ArcGIS: ArcCatalog, ArcMap, and ArcToolbox
Section 2: Manipulating Display in ArcMap
Section 3: Querying Data in ArcMap
Section 4: Preparing Data for Analysis in ArcMap
Section 5: Analyzing Data in ArcMap
Section 6: Making and Printing Maps in ArcMap
ArcGIS Introductory Tutorial front page.
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ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﺎﺭﻥﹶ ﻗِﻴﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﻠِﻔﺔِ ﺑﺴﻬﻮﻟﺔ ،ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔِ ﻟﻜﹸﻞﹼ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺮﻯ
ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺃﺩﺭﺟﺖ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔِ ﺍﻷﻛﱪِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻧﻘﺮﺓﹶ ﺻﺤﻴﺤﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﻘﻞِ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻢِ ﻳﺴﻤﻲ )ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔِ
ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔِ( ،ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺘﻘﺪﻡ ﺧﻴﺎﺭﺍﹰ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣِﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﻕ.
"ﺇﳚﺎﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕِ:
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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﹶ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ ﻭﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓﹶ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﻭﻳﺤﺼﻞﹸ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﻮﺍﺻِﻪ .ﻫﺬﻩ
ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﺮﺍﺕ ﺣﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻒ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓﹶ ﻭﺟﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﻭﻧﻘﺮﺍﺕِ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚﹶ ﻳﻤﻴﺰﺍﻥِ
ﻣﻴﺰﺓﹰ ) .(sﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓ ﺳﺘﻮﻣﺾ ﺳﺮﻳﻌﺎﹰ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﻭﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻧﺘﺎﺋِﺞِ Identifyﺳﻴﻔﹾﺘﺤﺎﻥِ.
ﺇﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﺑﺎﳋﻮﺍﺹِ:
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ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝِ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄِ ،ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ ﺇﺧﺘﺮﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺠِﺪ ﰲ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺴﺎﺱ aﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺇﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﻀﻠﹼﻊ ﻭﻻﻳﺔ
ﺁﺭﻛﺎﻧﺴﺎﺱ ﻭ aﻃﺒﻘﺔ ﻃﺮﻳﻖِ ﺃﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺇﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔ.
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ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﺍﻷﺩﺍﺓِ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ ،ﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔﹶ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳍﺒﻮﻁِ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﺘﺠﻮﻝﹸ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓِ .ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ aﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙِ ﺻﻨﻒِ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ ﺧﻴﺎﺭِ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻧﺖ ﻟﹶﺴﺖ ﻣﺄﻟﻮﻑ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻻ ﺗﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝﹶ
ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺘﻨﻈﻴﻢ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝﹶ ﺗﻌﺒﲑِ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﺑﻨﺎﺀِ ﺳﻬﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝِ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻹﺱ ﻛﻴﻮ ﺇﻝﹶ .ﻣِﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝِ ،ﻣﺸﻐﻠﻮﻥ،
ﻭﺃﻋﺪﺕ ﻗِﻴﻢ ﻓﺮﻳﺪﺓﹶ ﺑﻴﺎﻥﹶ ﺇﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭِ ﺇﺱ ﻛﻴﻮ ﺇﻝِ ﻟﻺﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ ﺃﹶﻱ ﻳﻌﺮﺿﻚ ﺗﺮﻳﺪ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺻِﻴﻎﹶ ،ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﻨﺎﺀِ
ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﰒﹼ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭِ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻘﻰ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ .ﺇﺫﺍ
ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﹼﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻳﺬﻭﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﹰ ،ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﹶ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
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ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻫﻨﺎ msaﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ arkansasﻟﹶﻢ ﻳﺤﺘﺞ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔﹶ ﻟﺬﺍ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ arkansas ﻣﻴﺰﺍ
ﺕ
ﺍﻟﺪﺑﻮﺱ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻃﺒﻘﺔﹶ ﺩﺑﻮﺱِ ﺍﳌﻀﻠﹼﻊ .ﺃﻱ ﺃﻧﺘﺞ shapefile ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﻒ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ،ﻭﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﻳﺔﹶ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ
ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔ ﺍﳌﹶﻘﹾﺼﻮﺻﺔ ﺳﺘﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽِ .ArcMap
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ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ،Dissolveﺃﻧﺖ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔﹶ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳍﺒﻮﻁِ ﺃﺳﻔﻞ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻳﺘﺠﻮﻝﹸ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓِ .ﺑﻌﺪ
ﺗﺤﺪﻳﺪ aﺍﻻﺳﻢ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻗﻊ ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻙِ ﺻﻨﻒِ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﲜﺎﻧﺐ _ Dissolveﺣﻘﻞ ) (sﺧﻴﺎﺭ .ﻣِﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹِ
ﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺗﺬﻭﺏ .ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﻣﺮﺓ ،ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﹼﻢ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻳﺬﻭﺏ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔﹰ ،ﺯﺭ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓﹶ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ.
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ﻳﻨﺰﻝﹸ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔﹰ ﺗﻘﺮﺭ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭِ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﹶﺓ
ﺿﻤﻦ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔِ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔِ .ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﺍﳋﻴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺪﻯ
ﻭﺟﻬﺔﹶ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮِ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢِ ﻣﺨﺘﺎﹶﺭ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪ ﹶﺓ
ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﻮﻥﹶ ﻋِﻨﺪﻫﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﻡِ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻖِ ﻛﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﻳﺔﹶ ،ﺃﹶﻭ ﻧﻔﺲ ﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔِ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻘﺔِ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺆﻃﹼﺮ.
ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ،ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﻭﺍﺳﻢ ﻣﻠﻒِ ﻧﺎﺗﺞِ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭﺍ ،ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ.
ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ،ﻳﺼﺪﺭ ArcMap ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺇﱃ aﺻﻨﻒ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﺟﺪﻳﺪِ ﻭﻳﺪﻓﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﺼﺪﺭﺓِ ﺇﱃ ﻋﺮﺽِ .ArcMap
ﺗﺴﻠﻴﻂ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻟﻠﻌﺮﺽِ ﰲ :ArcMap
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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﻢ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﺔﹶ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺃﹸﺿﻴﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭِ ،ﻧﻈﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺍﳌﻨﺴﻖ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ .ﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ aﻧﻘﺮﺓ ﻧﻈﺎﻡِ ﻣﻨﺴﻘ ِﺔ
ﻋﻠﻰ ﺯﺭ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓِ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐِ ﺃﺑﺮﺯ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺍﺋﺮﺓِ ﺍﳊﻤﺮﺍﺀِ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲِ ﻓﻮﻕ .ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻹﺷﺎﺭﺓِ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐِ
ﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ.
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ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺮﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ a ﺣﺎﺟﺰ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻴﺰﺓِ ﻣﺴﺎﳘﺔِ ﻫﻮ ﺃﹶﻭ ﻫﻲ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺤﺪﺩ a ﻗﻴﻤﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺃﹶﻭ aﺣﻘﻞ
ﻋﺪﺩﻱ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺯﺭ ﺍﳊﻘﻞﹶ ﺍﻹﺫﺍﻋﻲ.
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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﺣﻘﻞِ Addﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻄﹾﺒﻊ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﳊﻘﻞِ ﺍﳉﺪﻳﺪِ ،ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ
ﺳﻴﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﻘﻞِ ،ﻭﻧﻘﺮﺓ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ .ﰲ ﺃﻋﻼﻩِ a ،ﺣﻘﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻠِﻖ ﻣﺴﻤﻰ " "BufferDistﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﺤﺘﻮﻱ
ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻋﺪﺩﻳﺔﹶ ،ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔِ " "25ﻝ 25ﻣﻴﻞِ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔِ ﺣﺎﺟﺰِ.
ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ aﺣﻘﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻠِﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﻊ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ ﲢﺖ " "BufferDistﻣِﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺗﺬﹾﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ
ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺕِ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﻟﺮﺋﻴﺴﻴﺔِ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﳏﺮﺭ Toolbar ﺗﻠﺖ ﻣِﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺍﶈﺮﺭِ ﻋﻠﻰ toolbarﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺗﺒﺪﹸﺃ
ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ .ﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻀﲑِ ،ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﻼﻳﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓِ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺤﺮﺭ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﳌﺆﺷﺮﺓِ ﰲ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔِ ) (sﻭﻃِﺒﺎﻋﺔ -
ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻟﺔِ ،ﺍﳋﻠﻴﺔ ﲢﺖ ﺣﻘﻞ " "BufferDistﺍﳌﹶﺨﻠﹸﻮﻕ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﺎﹰ ﻛﹶﺎﻥﹶ ﻋِﻨﺪﻩ "25" ﻭﺿﻊ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻝ 25ﻣﻴﻞِ.
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"ﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺇﲢﺎﺩِ:
ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻏﻄﺎﺀِ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥ ﻣﻔﻴﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﹰ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺪﻣﺞ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺇﱃ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﻭﺍﺣﺪﺓ .ﻋﻠﻰ ﺳﺒﻴﻞ
ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ،ﺇﺫﺍ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺑِﻨﺎﺀ aﺑﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔِ ﺇﱃ aﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﺃﹶﻭ aﺳﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺪ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﻠﻖ
aﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺰِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ ﺍﳌﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻳﺒﺔﹶ ﺇﱃ aﺟﺪﻭﻝ .ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻧﻔﺲ ﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﺳﻜﺔﹶ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺪ .ﺃﺧﲑﺍﹰ،
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺇﲢﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰﻳﻦ .ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺗﻤﺜﹼﻞﹸ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻻ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺑِﻨﺎﺀ aﺑﻴﺖ.
ﻹﺩﺍﺀ aﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﺇﲢﺎﺩِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺬﹾﻫﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺃﺩﻭﺍﺕِ ﲢﻠﻴﻞِ ،ArcToolboxﻏﻄﺎﺀ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻰ ،ﻭﺑﻌﺪ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ
ﺇﲢﺎﺩﺍﹰ .ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﰒﹼ ﻳﺤﺪﺩ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔﹶ ﺗﺼﻔﹼﻒ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩِ ﻭ aﺍﺳﻢ ﻤﻮﻋﺔِ ﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ.
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ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﻴﺠﺔﹶ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ ﰲ ArcMapﺇﺫﺍ ArcMapﻛﹶﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻟﺪﺧﻮﻝ
.ArcToolboxﰲ ﻣﺜﺎﻝِ ﻏﻄﺎﺀِ ﺍﻹﲢﺎﺩِ ﺃﻋﻼﻩِ ،ﻳﺸﻮﻑ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺃﻳﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻷﻗﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﻣﻌﺎﻳﲑِ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰِ ﻗﻮﺑﻠﺖ .ﺃﻱ
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ﺍﻵﻥ ﺍﻟﱵ aﺣﻘﻞ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﺧﻠِﻖ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺆﺩﻱ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻟﻜﻲ ﺧﻮﺍﺹ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪﺓ ﻋﻠﻰ
ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍﺕِ .ﻟﻴﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻫﺬﺍ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﻢِ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ ﰲ ﺟﺪﻭﻝِ ﺍﶈﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ
ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺣﻮﺍﺭِ ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔﹶ ﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺳﻌﺮ ﺇﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭِ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ.
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ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭِ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺒﲏ aﺇﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺳﻴﻌﺮﺽ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺇﺣﺘﻮﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻛﻠﺘﺎ
ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺟﺰ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻮﺟﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﺆﺍﻝ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕ ﺣﻴﺚ BufferDist = 30ﻭ.BufferDi 1= 30
ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝﹶ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔﹶ ﻭﻣﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺰِ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺮﻳﺔِ .ﻗﻴﻤﺔ 0ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎ ﺣﻘﻞ ﺗﻌﲏ ﺑﺄﻥﹼ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓﹶ ﻟﹶﻴﺴﺖ ﺿﻤﻦ 30
ﻣﻴﻞِ aﻣﺪﻳﻨﺔ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﻗﻴﻤﺔﹶ 30ﻭﺳﻴﻠﺔِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺓِ ﺿﻤﻦ 30ﻣﻴﻞِ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳌﺪﻳﻨﺔِ ﺃﹶﻭ ﺍﳉﺪﻭﻝِ.
ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﳊﻘﻮﻝﹶ ،ﺣﻘﻞ " "BufferDistﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﺘﻤﻜﹼﻦ ﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺇﺿﺎﰲ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻨﺪﻭ ِ
ﻕ
ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ .ﻗﺎﺩﻡ ،ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ )=( ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﻟﻘِﻴﻢِ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﻳﺪِ 30 ،ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻒ ﻧﻘﺮ .ﻗﺎﺩﻡ،
ﻭﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ ﻭ"" BufferDi 1ﺣﻘﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻀﺎﻑ ﺇﱃ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺒﲑ .ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺎﺋﺮ )=( ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻣﺮﺓﹰ
ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻳﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﻣﻀﻐﻮﻃﺎﹰ ،ﻭﻗﻴﻤﺔ 30ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔﹰ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻣﻨﻘﹸﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﺮﺗﲔ .ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﳊﻮﺍﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺒﺪﻭ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻄﻲ
ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ.
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ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ "ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ" ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻜﹸﻮﻥﹶ ﺇﺿﺎﻓﻴﺔ ﺍﻵﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺣﻘﻞِ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔﹶ )ﻣﻨﺬ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺍﻟﺴﺠﻼﺕِ "ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔِ"
ﻣﻌﺮﻭﺿﺔ( .ﻫﺬﻩ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻘﹾﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﺔِ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﻣﻼﺋﻤﺔِ" ﺍﺳﻢِ ﺍﳊﻘﻞﹶ ﻭﺗﻨﻘﺮ ﺧﻴﺎﺭ ﻗِﻴﻢِ .Calculate
ﺍﳌﹸﻼﺣﻈﺔ :ﺃﻱ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺭﺳﺎﻟﺔِ ﺳﻴﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﺑﺄﻥﹼ ﻳﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻫﻢ ﺃﹶﻭﺷﻜﹸﻮﺍ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻘﹸﻮﻣﻮﺍ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕِ ﺇﱃ aﻣﻨﻀﺪﺓ
ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺟﻠﺴﺔِ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﻧﻌﻢ ،ﺣﻮﺍﺭ ﺣﺎﺳﺒﺔِ ﺍﳊﻘﻞﹶ ﻳﻔﹾﺘﺢ.
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ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻌﺘﱪ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﻴﺔِ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ ﺗﺠﻴﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ "ﻏﲑ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔِ" a ،ﺇﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥﹾ ﻳﺒﻨﻰ .ﺍﻹﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄ ﺑﻨِﻰ.
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ﺃﻱ ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ aﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﳋﹶﻠﹾﻖ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ aﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺟﺪﻳﺪﺓ .ﺗﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﻃﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﰲ ﺃﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﻴﺎﻥ a ،ﺗﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻄﹼﻠﺐ ،ﻭ aﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺗﺐ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ )ﺃﺳﻬﻢ
ﴰﺎﻟﻴﺔ ،ﻣِﻘﻴﺎﺱ ﻳﻤﻨﻊ ،ﻭﺷﻌﺎﺭﺍﺕ( ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔِ .ﻃﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﻟﹶﻬﺎ a .mxtﺇﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻠﻒِ.
ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ a ،ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻠﺔﹸ ﺑﻜﹸﻞﹼ ™ ArcMapﻭﺛﻴﻘﺔ .ﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂﹶ ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺑﻴﻨﻤﺎ aﻳﻤﺴﺢ ،ﻳﻔﺮﺩ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺗﺆﻃﹼﺮ .ﻣﻊ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﻴﺰﺍﺕِ ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺔﹶ aﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻴﺔ ،ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﻃﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻣﺘﻮﻓﺮﺓ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝِ .ﺇﻥﹼ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ
ArcMapﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻷﻳﻀﺎﹰ ﻟﺘﺼﻤﻴﻢ ﻭﺇﺣﺘِﻔﺎﻅ ﺑﻄﺒﻌﺘﻬﻢ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻺﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝِ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄِ ﺑﺎﳋﺮﺍﺋﻂِ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ.
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ﻳﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﺳﻌﺮ ﻱ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺎﺕ ﺧﻠﻘﺖ ﻣِﻦ ﻗِﺒﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ .ﺳﻌﺮ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺎﻋﺔﹶ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺮﺍﻝﹶ ﻳﺴﻤﺤﺎﻥِ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻹﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ a
ﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﻣﻌﻴﻦِ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗِﻬﻢ .ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﻌﺎﺭ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺗﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ
ﻟﻺﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ ﻣِﻦ a ﺗﺸﻜِﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺧﺮﺍﺋﻂ ﻋﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺧﻠِﻘﺎ.
ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﹶﻱ ﻃﺒﻌﺔﹶ ﻳﻔﻀﻠﻮﻥﹶ ،ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺮﻭﻥﹶ ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﹸﺨﺘﺎﹶﺭﺓ ﺗﻈﹾﻬﺮ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺒﺪﺃﹶ
ﺑﺈﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻮﻥﹶ ﺍﻹﺳﺘِﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﰲ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺘِﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻴﺔِ.
ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝِ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﱄِ a ،ﻃﺒﻌﺔ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﻋﺎﻣﺔِ ﺩﻋﺖ" ﻣﻨﻈﺮ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ" ﻛﻼﺳﻴﻜﻲ ﺇﺧﺘﺮ ﻋﺮﺽ a 1999ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺔ ﺳﻜﺎﻥِ .ﺇﺫﺍ
ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺣﺎﻟﻴﺔﹸ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔِ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ،ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺑﺒﺴﺎﻃﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻘﹾﻞ ﺇﱃ ﻭﺟﻬﺔِ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂِ ﻭﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺯﺭ ﻃﺒﻌﺔِ
ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔِ .Toolbar
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ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺇﺧﺘﺮ ،ﻣﻠﻜﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﺣﺪﺩﺕ ،ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻧﻘﺮ ،ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄ ﺳﻴﻜﹸﻮﻥﹸ ﺇﺿﺎﰲ ﺇﱃ ﲣﻄﻴﻂِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ .ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ
ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﲝﺠﻢ ﺛﺎﻧﻴﺔﹰ ﴰﺎﻻﹰ ﺳﻬﻢ ﺑﻨﻘﹾﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻄﹶﻮﻝ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺯﻭﺍﻳﺎﻩ .ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺤﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺸﻤﺎﱄﹶ ﺇﱃ
ﺃﻱ ﻣﻮﻗﻊ ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺿﻤﻦ ﲣﻄﻴﻂِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ.
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ﺑﺎﻷﺳﺎﺱ ،ﺗﺘﻀﻤﻦ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓﹶ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ،ﻭﻋﺪﺩ ﺃﻋﻤﺪﺓِ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓِ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ .ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ
ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﺃﹶﻱ ﻃﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓِ ﺑﺈﺧﺘﻴﺎﹶﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺔِ ﻣِﻦ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﻃﺒﻘﺔِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﻭﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻬﻢ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺢ.(<<)
ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﺳﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺻﻨﺪﻭﻕِ ﻣﻮﺍﺩِ ﺍﻷﺳﻄﻮﺭﺓﹶ .ﻳﺨﺘﺎﺭ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻘﺎﺕ ﻳﺮﻳﺪﻭﻥﹶ ،ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﻡ ﻳﺠِﺐ
ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ .ﺍﻹﻃﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﺴﺎﺣﺮِ ﺳﻴﻈﹾﻬﺮ.
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ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻟﺘﺄﹾﻛﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺣﺠﻢِ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔﹶ ﲤﺎﻣﺎﹰ ﻣﺜﻞ ﺣﺠﻢ ﺻﻔﺤﺔِ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﺑﻌﺔﹶ .ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺇﺧﺘﺮﺕ ،ﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ
ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ.
ﻗﺒﻞ ﻃِﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﺧﺮﻳﻄﺘﻬﻢ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﺎﹰ .ﻫﺬﻩ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺑﻨﻘﹾﺮ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔِ ﺍﳌﻠﻒ ﻭﺗﺨﺘﺎﺭ
ﻋﺮﺽ ﻃﺒﻌﺔِ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ .ﻫﺬﺍ ﻳﺴﻤﺢ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ ﻟﻠﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﺇﺫﺍ ﺃﻱ ﺷﺊِ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻐﻴﺮ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻋﺔﹸ.
ﺇﺫﺍ ﺗﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕِ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺠﻌﻞﹶ ،ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔﹶ ﺍﻷﻭﱄ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻐﻠﹶﻖ) ﺑﻨﻘﹾﺮ ﺍﻟﺰﺭ ﺍﻟﻘﹶﺮﻳﺐِ( ،ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻐﻴﲑﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔ
ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﺠﻌﻞﹶ .ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﻈﹾﻬﺮ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺷﻲﺀَ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺈِﻧﻪ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ،ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﻨﻘﺮ ﺯﺭ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔﹶ .ﺑﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻌﺔِ ﺍﳌﻼﺋﻤﺔِ
ﳚﺐ ﺃﻥﹾ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ،ﻭﺣﺴﻨﺎﹰ ﺯﺭ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻨﻘﹶﺮ ﻣﱴ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﻣﺴﺘﻌﺪ ﻟﻄِﺒﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﻳﻄﺔِ.
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ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚِ ﺻﻤﻢ ﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔِ ﻣﻜﺘﺐِ ™ ArcGIS 9 ArcInfoﻣﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻭﻇﻴﻔﻲ )ﻳﺘﻀﻤﻦ®ArcView
ﻭ ™ ArcEditorﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ( .ﻛﻴﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﳌﻔﺎﻫﻴﻢِ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﻜﺘﺐِ Getting to know
ArcGISﺇﻱ ﺇﺱ ﺁﺭ ﺁﻱ ﺗﺤﺠﺰ ﻃﻠﺒﺎﹰ ﻟﻠﺴﻤﺎﺡ ﻝ aﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﺒﺪﺀ ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ ﻣﻊ ™ ArcGISﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ
ﰲ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺇﻣﺘِﻼﻙ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﻭﺭ ﺑﺘﻤﺎﺭﻳﻦِ ﺇﻱ ﺇﺱ ﺁﺭ ﺁﻱ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ .ﺑﺪﻻﹰ ﻣِﻦ ﺫﻟﻚ ،ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚِ ﻳﺼﻤﻢ ﳌﹸﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞِ
ﻳﺠﻠﺐ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺗﻬﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔﹶ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔﹶ ﻟﻺﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡِ ﻭﻳﻌﺎﳉﹶﻪ ﰲ aﺗﺸﻜِﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻕِ .ﻫﻨﺎﻙ ﺳﺘﺔ ﺃﻗﺴﺎﻡِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣِﻦ
ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﺸﺘﺮﻛﺔِ aﻣﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻳﺤﺘﺎﺝ ﳌﻌﺮِﻓﺔ ﻟﻜﻲ ﻳﻌﺎﰿﹶ ﻭ /ﺃﹶﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﹼﻞﹸ datasetsﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﱐ .ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ
ﳏﺘﻮﻯ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺇﺣﺘﻮﻯ ﺿﻤﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﲝﺚِ ArcGISﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ.
"ﻗﺴﻢ :1ﺑﺪﺀ ﻣﻊ ،ArcMap ،ArcGIS: ArcCatalogﻭArcToolbox
oﻭﺻﻒ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕِ :ArcGIS
ﻳﻌﻄﻲ aﻭﺻﻒ ﻗﺼﲑ ﻣِﻦ ﺍﻷﺭﺽ ﺍﳌﺸﺎﻋﺔِ ﻳﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻐﻞﹸ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻛﹸﻞﹼ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ArcGIS (ArcCatalog ™,
، ArcMapﻭ (™ ArcToolboxﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ.
oﺇﺳﺘﺮﺟﺎﻉ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ:
ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣِﻦ ﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔِ ﺳﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺾ ﻣِﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﳌﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔِ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻤﻜِﻦ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﺗﻮﺟﺪ.
Geospatialﺻﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﻳﺐ ﺍﳋﻮﺍﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﻳﺠِﺐ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺴﺘﺸﺎﺭﺍ ﺃﺑﻌﺪ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻳﺘﻤﻨﻰ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹶ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﻜﺘﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﺼﻼ
ﺕ
ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓِ ﻭﻣﺼﺎﺩﺭِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔِ )ﺇﻣﺘﻼﻛﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻜﻮﻣﻴﺔ ﻭﳎﺎﻧﻴﺔ(.
o ArcGISﺩﻋﻢ ﺻﻴﻎﹶ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ:
ﺗﺼِﻒ ﺻﻴﻎﹸ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺴﺘﻌﻤﻞﹸ ﺿﻤﻦ ﺃﻱ ﻣِﻦ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﺎﺕِ .ArcGISﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉِ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﻗﹶﺪ ﺗﺠﻠﹶﺐ ﺁﻟﻴﺎﹰ،
ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ ﻗﹶﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻀﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺃﹶﻥﹾ ﻳﺠﻠﹶﺒﻮﺍ ﺇﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺮﻓﻖ ﺇﺳﺘﲑﺍﺩِ .ﻳﻮﺿﺢ ﻛﹶﻴﻒ ﻳﻔﹾﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ.
oﻧﻈﹾﺮ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕِ ﰲ :ArcCatalog
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