Notes
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e.g. 25 0.02
Unilateral Tolerance.
This is when the specified tolerance lies to one side of the nominal diameter.
e.g. 25 + 0.02
Systems of Fits.
There are two systems of fits in use.
(i) Hole Basis System.
(ii) Shaft Basis System.
The Hole Basis System.
This is the preferred system. It involves manufacturing the hole to a fixed size and
the shaft size is varied.
The Shaft Basis System.
In this system the shaft size is fixed and the hole size is varied.
Limit Gauges.
Limit gauges are use to ensure that components are within the specified limits.
Two gauges are used.
One for the Upper Limit - GO Gauge
One for the Lower Limit - NOT GO Gauge.
Types of Gauges.
Gap Gauge
Ring Gauge
Plug Gauge
Interchangeability.
In this system the parts are manufactured within certain limits and when selected
at random will fit together.
Selective Assembly.
In this system the parts are measured before assembly. The parts that give the
most satisfactory fit are assembled together
Example 1.
Determine the limits on a shaft and a bearing of 20mm nominal diameter, which
fit together with a clearance fit. The tolerance on the shaft is g6 and on the
bearing H7
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Calculate.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
Basic dia. = 20mm
From Tables.
Tolerance.
Bearing (H7)
Shaft
(g6)
Largest size
(Upper Limit)
Bearing. 20.021
Shaft
19.993
= + 0.021, 0
= - 0.007, - 0.020
Minimum size
(Lower Limit)
20.000
19.980
Bearing.
20.021 (UL)
20.000 (LL)
0.021
Maximum Clearance.
Largest hole size - Smallest shaft size.
20.021 - 19.980
= 0.041
Minimum Clearance.
Smallest hole size - Largest shaft size
20.000 - 19.993
= 0.007
Ans.
(a) 0.013
(c) 0.041
(b) 0.021
(d) 0.007
Example 2.
Determine the Limits on a shaft and a pulley of 40mm nominal diameter. The
tolerance on the shaft is h6 and on the pulley is H7
Calculate.
(a) The tolerance on the shaft.
(b) The tolerance on the pulley.
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Pulley.
Shaft
Largest size
(Upper Limit)
40.025
40.000
= + 0.025, 0
= - 0.016, 0
Minimum size
(Lower Limit)
40.000
39.084
Pulley.
40.025 (UL)
40.000 (LL)
0.025
Maximum Clearance.
Largest hole size - Smallest shaft size.
40.025 - 39.984
= 0.041
Minimum Clearance.
Smallest hole size - Largest shaft size
40.000 - 40.000
= 0.000
Ans.
(a) 0.016
(c) 0.041
(b) 0.025
(d) 0.000
Example 3.
Determine the Limits on a shaft and a pulley of 45mm nominal diameter. The
tolerance on the shaft is g6 and on the pulley is H7
Calculate.
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
Solution:
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Pulley.
Shaft
= + 0.025, 0
= - 0.025, - 0.009
Largest size
(Upper Limit)
45.025
44.991
Minimum size
(Lower Limit)
45.000
44.975
Pulley.
40.025 (UL)
40.000 (LL)
0.025
Maximum Clearance.
Largest hole size - Smallest shaft size.
45.025 - 44.975
= 0.050
Minimum Clearance.
Smallest hole size - Largest shaft size
45.000 - 44.991
= 0.009
Ans.
(a) 0.016
(c) 0.050
(b) 0.025
(d) 0.009
1.
2.
3. (a)
Explain the difference between the Hole Basis System and the Shaft
Basis System.
(b) Give examples of where both might be used.
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4.
5.
Shaft
40.042 UL
40.030 LL
Determine:
(a) The Tolerance on each Part.
(b) The maximum clearance
(c) The minimum clearance
(d) The type of fit.
6.
7.
8.
Discuss the reasons for using a system of limits and fits in precision
engineering.
Your answer should include the advantages and disadvantages.
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