Torsion (twisted)
Shearing
Examples
A truss bridge is a type of beam
bridge with a skeletal structure. The
forces of tension, or pulling, are
represented by red lines and the
forces of compression, or squeezing,
are represented by green lines.
Normal stress
Continuously distributed stresses
acting over the entire cross-section.
Axial force P is the resultant of those
stresses
Stress () has units of force per
unit area
If stresses acting on cross-section
are uniformly distributed then:
Units of stress in USCS: pounds per square inch (psi) or kilopounds per square inch (ksi)
SI units: newtons per square meter (N/m2) which is equal to Pa
Limitations
The loads P are transmitted to the bar by pins that pass through
the holes
High localized stresses are produced
around the holes !!
Stress concentrations
Normal strain
A prismatic bar will change in length when under a uniaxial tensile
forceand obviously it will become longer
Definition of elongation per unit
length or strain ()