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PHARMACOLOGY
1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES of PHARMACOLOGY

What is the factor that predicts the rate of elimination in relation to

the drug concentration?
A. Clearance (Answer)
B. Half-life
C. Bioavailability
D. Excretion
The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by onehalf during elimination?
A. Absorption
B. Clearance
C. Half-life (Answer)
D. Metabolism
Produces a lower response at full receptor occupancy?
A. Inverse Agonist
B. Competitive Antagonist
C. Full Agonist
D. Partial Agonist (Answer)
The dose required to produce a particular toxic effect in 50% of
animals is called?
A. TD-50 (Answer)
B. ED-50
C. LD-50
D. TI
When a response diminishes rapidly after administration of a drug
the response is said to be subject to?
A. Hyporeactive
B. Tachyphylaxis(Answer)
C. Idiosycracy
D. Tolerance
It is the rate at which a drug leaves its site of administration and the
extent to which this occurs to reach the systemic circulation
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Metabolism
D. Excretion
What is the dose required to produce the pharmacologic effect?
A. Loading dose
B. Therapeutic dose
C. Maintenance dose
The ff are well established second messengers, except
A. CAMP
B. Phosphoinositides
C. cGMP
D. Acetylcholine
This is determined by the drug's mode of interaction with the
receptor or by the characteristic of the receptor - effector system
involved
A. Safety
B. Suitability

C. Maximal efficacy
D. Affordability
Phase I reactions of biotransformation includes the ff except
A. Oxidation
B. Reduction
C. Methylation
D. Hydrolysis
What type of chemical bond is usually quite weak and are probably
important in the interactions of highly lipid soluble drugs with the
lipids of cell membrane?
A. Covalent
B. Electrostatic
C. Hydrophobic
D. Lipophilic
How do you call the amount of drug that enters the body depends
on the patient's adherence to the prescribed regimen and on the
rate and extent of transfer from the site of administration to the
blood?
A. Absorption
B. Distribution
C. Excretion
D. Metabolism
Type of clearance that varies depending on the concentration of the
drug that is achieved.
A. Capacity limited
B. Flow dependent elimination
C. Michaelis Menten elimination
D. Both A & C
What phase of reaction involves the non-microsomal enzymes?
A. Phase I
B. Phase II
C. Phase III
D. Phase IV
The dose that kills approximately 50% of the animals
A. No effect dose
B. Minimum lethal dose
C. Maximum lethal dose
D. Median lethal dose (LD50)
The study of the genetic variations that causes differences in drug
response among individuals and population
A. Pharmacogenetics
B. Pharmacology
C. Pharmacodynamics
D. Pharmacokinetics
These are the drugs that binds to receptors but do not activate
generation of signal
A. Agonist
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Pharmacology

1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

B. Antagonist
C. Enzymes
D. Receptor
Down regulation of a receptor is brought about by prolonged
exposure to
A. Agonist
B. Antagonist
C. Mixed antagonist
D. AOTA
Fraction of the administered dose of a drug that reaches the
systemic circulation
A. Clearance
B. Volume of distribution
C. Bioavailability
D. Half life
Most efficient route of administration is
A. Intravenous
B. Intramuscular
C. Oral
D. Rectal
What is Phase II reaction?
A. Functionalization of reaction (Oxidation, Reduction,
Hydrolysis)
B. Synthesis of inactive or active polar metabolites
C. Excretion of metabolites
Drug causing alkaline phosphate and bilirubin (Obstructive
pattern)
A. Chlorpromazine
B. Erythromycin
C. Both
D. NOTA
Fluid volume that would be required to contain the amount of drug
present in the body at the same concentration as in plasma
A. Volume of distribution
B. Clearance
C. Bioavailability
D. First pass effect
A dose that proves lethal to 50% of a given population
A. LD50
B. Median lethal dose
C. Both
D. NOTA
Intrinsic ability of the body to remove drug from the plasma
A. Clearance
B. Volume of distribution
C. First pass effect

D. Steady state concentration

Term that defines absorption, distribution and elimination of drug
A. Pharmacokinetics
B. Pharmacodynamics
C. Drug distribution
D. Bioavailability
Oral route, what is the efficacy percentage?
A. 5-100%
B. 75-100%
C. 80-100%
D. 100%
Most common organ of elimination
A. Liver
B. Kidney
C. Stomach
D. Intestine
Phase I of metabolism
A. Functionalization of reaction
B. Synthesis of inactive or active polar metabolites
C. Excretion of metabolites
Drug causing gallstone (mechanical obstruction)
A. Fibrates
B. Lipid lowering drugs
C. Octreotide
D. AOTA
Second messenger system except
A. cAMP
B. PIP2 & PIP3
C. DAG
D. Mg++
Which G-protein receptor acts in brain
A. GS
B. G1
C. G9
D. G0
Two drugs acting on same site but on different receptors
A. Physiologic antagonists
B. Pharmacokinetic antagonist
C. Competitive pharmacologic antagonist
D. Non-competitive pharmacologic antagonists
Amount of drug in body/Concentration of drug in blood = ?
A. Volume of distribution
B. Clearance
C. Rate of elimination
D. Half-life
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Pharmacology

1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

The study of substance that interact with living systems through

chemical process, especially by binding to regulatory molecules and
activating or inhibiting normal body process is called
A. Pharmacology
B. Phamacodynamics
C. Pharmacokinetics
D. Toxicology
Which is the most easiest and most convenient route of
administration?
A. Oral
B. Intradermal
C. Subcutaneous
D. Intradermal
The most important transport mechanism for the movement of
drugs across cellular membrane
A. Lipid diffusion
B. Aqueous diffusion
C. Calcium mediated transport
D. Paracellular transport
Reactions involve in Phase I reaction
A. Oxidation, Reduction
B. Oxidation, Hydrolysis
C. Hydrolysis
D. Hydrolysis, Reduction
Enzyme involved in Phase II reaction
A. Transferase
B. Carboxylase
C. Hydrolase
D. Dehydrogenase
Rapid decrease in effect of a drug after repeated exposure
A. Tachyphylaxis
B. Tolerance
C. Potency
D. Amplification
Any pharmacologic antagonists that binds to a site on the receptor
other than the agonist binding site
A. Non-competitive antagonist
B. Prodrug
C. Physiologic antagonist
D. Chemical antagonist
Any pharmacologic antagonist that binds to the agonist receptor
site preventing the binding of agonist
A. Competitive antagonist
B. Non-competitive antagonist
C. Prodrug
D. Chemical antagonist

What is the mechanism by which the body terminates the action of

some drugs and also serves to activate prodrugs?
A. Bioavailability
B. Biotransformation
C. Enzyme induction
D. Enzyme inhibition
Drug characteristics contributing to reliable transdermal drug
absorption
A. Molecular weight less than 1000
B. Drug does not cause histamine release
C. The daily drug requirement is less than 10 mg
D. In saturated aqueous solution, the pH range is 5-9
E. AOTA
Convert parent drug to a more polar metabolite, that may be readily
excreted.
A. Phase I reaction
B. Phase II reaction
C. Phase III reaction
D. Phase IV reaction
After oral administration, many drugs are absorbed intact from the
small intestine and transported via the portal system to the liver,
where they undergo extensive metabolism.
A. Pharmacokinetics
B. First pass effect
C. Second pass effect
D. Pharmacodynamics
They may be blinded and placebo controlled.
A. Phase 3
B. Phase 2
C. Phase 1
D. Phase II rxn
Drugs for rare diseases, difficult to research, develop and market.
A. Prodrug
B. Orphan drugs
C. CYP450
D. L- DOPA
Deals with the undesirable effects of chemicals on the living
systems, from individual cells to humans to complex ecosystem.
A. Bioaccumulation
B. Adverse drug rxn
C. Toxicology
D. Hazard
The prescriber must know the relative pharmacologic potency and
maximal efficacy of the drugs in relation to the desired therapeutic
effect.
A. Quantal dose effect
B. Graded dose response
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Pharmacology

1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

C. Adverse drug reaction

D. Dose response curve
The measure of the ability of the body to eliminate the drug.
A. Elimination
B. Volume of distribution
C. Excretion
D. Clearance
The volume of blood that is cleared of the drug at a given time
A. Clearance
B. Half life
C. Volume of distribution
D. Bioavailability
Pharmacokinetics
A. What the drug does to the body
B. What the body does to the drug
C. How the body reacts to a drug
D. How the drug acts on the body
Drug with full affinity with receptors but intrinsic activity is 0 or
produces effect opposite to that of antagonist drug.
A. Full agonist
B. Partial agonist
C. Inverse agonist
D. Antagonist
Inactive chemical that is converted to an active drug at a given time.
- Pro drug
Study of biochemical and physiological effects of drugs and their
mechanism of action. - Pharmacodynamics

Described as "What the body does to a drug" - Pharmacokinetics

A measure of the amount of drug that is actually absorbed from a
given dose is called - Bioavailability
Drugs that bind to & activate a given receptor but does not have
complete efficacy at the receptor - Partial agonist
Group of transmembrane ion channel proteins which allow passage
of ions upon activation by specific chemical such as
neurotransmitter - Ligand gated channel
The amount of drug that enters the body of the patient's from the
site of administration to the blood - Absorption
A phenomenon of drug metabolism which is orally administered is
its concentration that is greatly reduced before it reaches the
systemic circulation - first pass effect
The dose that kills approximately 50% of animals - Median lethal
dose
Where do drug metabolism occur - liver
What the drug does to the body? - Pharmacokinetics
The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by onehalf during elimination - Half life
The movement of the drugs from its site of administration into the
circulation - Absorption
Have affinity but no intrinsic activity - Competitor antagonists

The fraction of the drug that reaches the systemic circulation. Bioavailability
The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one
half during elimination - Half life
Relates to the amount of drug in the body to the concentration of
drug in blood or plasma - Volume of distribution
Fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation
following administration by any route - Bioavailability
Concentration or dose of a drug required to produce 50% of drug's
maximal effect - Potency

The smallest dose that is observed to kill any experimental animal Minimal lethal dose
A measure of drug activity expressed in terms of the amount
required to produce an effect of given intensity - Potency
The dose at which 50% of individual exhibit specified quantal effect
- Median effective dose (ED50)
The rate of elimination is directly proportional to the drug
concentration - First order (exponential) kinetics
This is the ratio of the TD50 to the ED50 - Therapeutic index

Dose required to kill half the members of the specified population Median lethal dose

It has affinity and submaximal intrinsic activity - Partial agonist

Second messengers - cAMP, Phosphoinositides, Calcium and

Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate

It is the ultimate change in biological function brought about as a

consequence of drug action, through a series of intermediate step Drug effect

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Pharmacology

1.1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF PHARMACOLOGY

It is defined as the fraction of an administered dose of unchanged

drug that reaches the systemic circulation, one of the principal
pharmacokinetic properties of drugs - Bioavailability
The time required to change the amount of drug in the body by one
- half during elimination - Half life
This is defined as the study of substances that interact with living
systems through chemical process especially by binding to
regulatory molecules and activation or inhibiting normal body
process - Pharmacology
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END OF TRANS EAC-SM PHARMACOLOGY SUMMER CLASS 2017
You can, you should, and if youre brave enough to start, you will.
Stephen King

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