STEP 1: Determination of the representative overvoltages (Urp)

Us =
1.0 p.u =

Power-frecuency Voltage

24.0 Kv phase-to-phase
19.6 Kv (crest)

Temporary overvoltages

Earth faults

Earth-fault factor: k =

1.4

Urp(p-e) en KV =

19.40

Load rejection

Max. Overvoltage en p.u =

1.4

Urp(p-e) en KV =
Urp(p-p) en KV =

19.40
33.60

Resulting representative overvolteges

Phase-to-phase : Urp(p-p) =
19.40 Kv

Phase-to-earth : Urp(p-e) =

33.60 Kv

Slow-front overvoltages

Overvolteges originating from station 1

Overvolteges originating from station 2

Capacitor
switching

Re-energization

Energization and re-energization

Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =

2.9
4.35

Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =

2.5
3.75

Ue2 en p.u =
Up2 en p.u =

2.6
4.34

Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =

3.38
5.008

Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =

2.88
4.258

Uet en p.u =
Upt en p.u =

3.00
4.995

Uet en Kv =
U en K
Upt
Kv =

66.136
98
98.127
12

Uet en Kv =
Upt
U en Kv
K =

56.338
83.43
83 43

Uet en Kv =
U en Kv
K =
Upt

58.788
97.88
9 88

Arresters at line entrance and near transformers :

45

Ups en Kv =

Upl en Kv =

For other equipment

For Line entrance equipment

With or without capacitor switching
Uet > Ups Upt > 2 Ups

Capacitor switching at station 2

No

Phase-to-earth : Urp = Ups =

Phase-to-phase : Urp = 2Ups =
Fast-front overvoltages

54

45 Kv
90 Kv

Urp(p-e) =
Urp(p-p) =

Yes
45 Kv
97.88 Kv

Urp(p-e) =
Urp(p-p) =

Evaluated in step 2

45 Kv
90 Kv

STEP 2: Determination of the coordination withstand voltages (Ucw)

Kc Factor =

Temporary overvoltage

Phase to earth en Kv : Ucw = Kc x Urp =

Phase to phase en Kv: Ucw = Kc x Urp =

19.40
33.6

Slow-front overvoltage

Deterministic metod used = Kcd factor

Line entrance equipement (external insulation only)

Phase to earth

Other equipment

Phase to phase

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

a) Ups/Ue2 =
b) Ups/Ue2 =

0.79
0.92

a) 2Ups/Up2 =
b) 2Ups/Up2 =

1.06
1.22

1) Ups/Ue2 =
2) Ups/Ue2 =

0.92
0.88

1) 2Ups/Up2 =
2) 2Ups/Up2 =

1.225
1.06

a) Kd =
b) Kd =

1.08
0.00

a) Kd =
b) Kd =

1.00
0.00

1) Kcd =
2) Kcd =

0
1.06

1) Kcd =
2) Kcd =

0.00
1.00

Retained value :
Kcd =
1.08

Retained value :
1.08
1) kcd =
0.00
2) kcd =

Ucw = Kcd x Urp

Ucw (KV)=
48.38

Ucw = Kcd x Urp

Ucw (KV)=
90

a) From reenergization at station 2

b) From capacitor swithing at station 2

1) Ucw =
2) Ucw =

Parameter A =
Span length Lsp =
Outage rate
Rkm =
Acceptable failure rate Ra =

Arrester Lightning protection level : Upl =

Max. Separation from internal insulation: L =
Max. Separation from external insulation: L =

U cw U pl

0.00
97.88

Simplified statical method used

Data from experience

performance required

Ucw
Ucw

1) Ucw =
2) Ucw =

1) With capacitor switching at station 2

2) Without capacitor switching at station 2

Fast-front overvoltages

Internal insulation :
External Insulation :

48.38
0.00

76.27 Kv
95.75 Kv

A
L
*
n Lsp La

n=
1
n = Numero de lineas conectadas a la Subestacion

54 Kv
8m
15 m

La =

900
100 m
0.03 Km/year
0.0067 Years

223.33 m

Step 3 : Determination of the required withstand voltages (Urw)

Internal insulation :
External insulation :

Safety factor

Atmospheric correction factor

Power - frequency withstand

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

m= 1

m = 0.5

Ka = 1.5497

Ka = 1.2449

Required withstand voltages

Temporary overvoltage withstand

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

Internal
Insulation
22.31 Kv

Internal
Insulation
38.64 Kv

External
I
l i
Insulation
25.36 kv

External
I
l i
Insulation
43.92 kv

Ka e

m=
H=

0.8
3570

Ka =

1.4197

Phase to phase

3570

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

m= 1

Ka = 1.550

Internal insulation :
External insulation :

Lighting impulse withstand

m= 1

Switching impulse withstand

Ka = 1.5497

Urw = Ucw x Ks
Urw = Ucw x Ks x Ka

Lighting impulse withstand

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

Phase to earth

Phase to phase

Line entrance
equipment

Line entrance
equipment

Internal
Insulation
87.71 Kv

Internal
Insulation
87.71 Kv

External
Insulation
8 1 Kv
K
78.71

External
Insulation
146 44 Kv
K
146.44

External
I
l i
Insulation
155.80 kv

External
I
l i
Insulation
155.80 kv

Other
equipment

H
m.

8150

1.15
1.05

Altitude H =

Switching impulse withstand

Phase to earth

Ks =
Ks =

Other
equipment

Internal
Insulation
1) 55.63 kv
2)
0.00 kv

Internal
Insulation
1)
0.00 kv
2) 112.56 kv

External
Insulation
1) 78.71 kv
2)
0.00 kv

External
Insulation
1)
0.00 kv
2) 159.27 kv

1) With capacitor switching at station 2

2) Without capacitor switching at station 2

Step 4 : Conversion to withstand voltages normalized for range I

Conversion of switching impulse withstand

Voltages to short-duration power.frequency

withstand voltages
Conversion factors
External insulation :
- phase to earth
0.6 + Urw/8500
- phase to phase
0.6 + Urw/12700
Internal insulation :
- phase to earth
0.5
- phase to phase
0.5

Conversion of switching impulse withstand

Voltages to lightning impulse
withstand voltages
Conversion factors
External insulation :
- phase to earth
1.3
- phase to phase
1.05 + Urw/9000
Internal insulation :
- phase to earth
1.1
- phase to phase
1.1

Line entrance
equipment

other
equipment

Line entrance
equipment

other
equipment

External insulation
- phase to earth
47.96 Kv

External Insulation
- phase to earth
47.96 Kv
1)
2)
0.00 Kv

External insulation
- phase to earth
102.33 Kv

External Insulation
- phase to earth
102.33 Kv
1)
2)
0.00 Kv

- phase to phase
89.55 Kv

- phase to phase
0.00 Kv
1)
97.56 Kv
2)

- phase to phase
156.15 Kv

- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
170.05 Kv

Internal Insulation
- phase to earth
1)
27.82 Kv
2)
0.00 Kv

Internal Insulation
- phase to earth
1)
61.19 Kv
2)
0.00 Kv

- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
56.28 Kv

- phase to phase
1)
0.00 Kv
2)
123.82 Kv

RESUMEN DE LAS TENSIONES DE SOPORTABILIDAD REQUERIDAS

KV r.m.s para
Frecuencia industrial
Kv Pico para impulsos
de maniobra y rayo
Frecuencia Fase - Tierra
Industrial
Fase - Fase
Impulso de Fase - Tierra
Maniobra
Fase - Fase
Impulso
Fase - Tierra
Atmosferico Fase - Fase

Aislamiento externo
Equipos entrada
Otros equipos
de linea
Urw
Urw(s)
Urw
Urw(s)
47.96
25.36
0.00
25.36
43.92
89.55
43.92
97.56
0.00
78.71
(1)
(1)
146.44
159.27
102.33
155.80
155.80
155.80
155.80
156.15

Aislamiento interno
Urw(s)
22.31
38.64
0.00
112.56
87.71
87.71

Urw
0.00
56.28
(1)
0.00
123.82

De acuerdo a la tabla 2 de la Norma IEC 60071-1 se selecciona valores normalizados de aislamiento

que cubriran cualquier aislamiento externo e interno fase-fase y fase-tierra.
Para el aislamiento de equipos en S.U. 22.9 kV se selecciona las siguientes tensiones de soportabilidad
* 70 kV Para tensiones de soportabilidad de corta duracion a frecuencia industrial
* 170 kV Para tensiones de soportabilidad al impulso atmosferico