Piping Design Basis (6724-700-50-43-DB-0016) - Rev.A

Title:PIPINGDESIGNPHILOSOPHY
Project:ADDITIONALBOGBOOSTERCOMPRESSORLNG
DABHOLTERMINALFORRATNAGIRIGASAND
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INDEXSHEET
PAGENO.
TITLE
REVA
COVERSHEET
70613
INDEXSHEET
70613
REVISIONRECORDSHEET
70613
TABLEOFCONTENTS
70613
PIPINGDESIGNPHILOSOPHY
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REVISIONRECORDSHEET
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PURPOSE
LISTOFPAGESUPDATED/MODIFIEDSECTIONS,IFANY
ISSUEDFORREVIEW
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TABLEOFCONTENTS
1.0SCOPE........................................................................................................5
2.0DESIGNPHILOSOPHY/CRITERIAGENERAL..............................................................5
2.1EQUIPMENTLAYOUT.............................................................................................................5
2.2UNITPIPING............................................................................................................................11
2.3OFFSITE&YARDPIPING.....................................................................................................17
2.4FLAREPIPING..........................................................................................................................18
2.5UNDERGROUNDPIPING....................................................................................................18
2.6FLEXIBILITYANALYSIS&SUPPORTING.......................................................................19
2.7MATERIALS..............................................................................................................................23
2.8THERMALINSULATIONOFPIPING,EQUIPMENTANDVESSELS.......................33
2.9PAINTING................................................................................................................................33
2.10WELDING................................................................................................................................33
2.11MISCELLANEOUS................................................................................................................34
3.0REFERENCEDPUBLICATION..................................................................................................36
4.0ATTACHMENTS:..............................................................................................................................
ANNEXUREATABLEOFBASICSPAN................................................................................37
ANNEXUREBACCESSIBILITYFORVALVES&INSTRUMENTS................................39
ANNEXURECVERTICALANDHORIZONTALGUIDESSPACING............................41
ANNEXUREDTECHNICALREQUIREMENTSOFPIPINGMATERIAL......................42
ANNEXUREECLEARANCES..................................................................................................54
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1.0 SCOPE
ThisDesignBasisbrieflycoversthebasicrequirementsforthedesignofpipingsystems
CoveredbyASMEB31.3.TheseshallbeadheredtobyLSTKContractor(s)orhis
subcontractor(s)duringthecourseofengineering,procurement&construction.
2.0DESIGNPHILOSOPHY/CRITERIA:GENERAL
2.1EQUIPMENTLAYOUT
2.1.1BASISOFEQUIPMENTLAYOUT
Equipmentlayoutshallbedevelopedbasedonthefollowingdata:
P&IDs.
OverallPlotPlan.
Winddirection.
EquipmentDataSheets.
IndicativeEquipmentLayoutfromBasicEngineering,ifany.
Processpackage.
2.1.2DEVELOPMENTOFEQUIPMENTLAYOUT
Thefollowingaspectsshallbeconsideredduringdevelopmentofequipmentlayout:
ProcessRequirementi.e.properinterconnectionbetweenequipmentasper
P&IDstoachievetheintendedprocessparameters.
EconomyofPipingmaterialMinimizethequantityofcostlypiping.
Erection&ConstructionrequirementErectionschemeandscheduleofall
equipmentmustbeconsideredduringequipmentlayouttohavesmootherection,
approachroadforcranes/derricketc.
SafetyRequirementsAsaminimum,OISDStd.118shallbefollowed.
FirefightingfacilitiesshallbeprovidedasperTAC&OISDnorms.Safety
showerlocationshallbemarkedinequipmentlayout.Fordetailedguidelinesrefer
GeneralCivilDesignbasisforfireprotection.
Constructability,OperationandMaintenanceRequirement:
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Overheadandsideclearancesforcompressorsandpumps
Horizontal&overheadclearancesforeasymovementofworking
personnel
Craneapproachesforaircoolers/firedheaters.
Provisionofmonorailforpumps
ProvisionofEOT/HOTcraneforcompressors
Provisionofoperatorscabin
SimilarequipmentgroupingAllcolumns,exchangers,pumpsetc.shouldbe
groupedtogetherforconvenienceofmaintenanceandsafetywhereverfeasible.
Thetechnologicalstructuresshouldbeinterconnectedforeasymovementof
operationalpersonnel.
U/Gpipingcorridorsformainheadersshouldbemarkedinequipmentlayoutfor
allundergroundpiping.
Allareasrequiringcraneaccessforerectionorspecificmaintenancepurpose
e.g.catalystloadingetc.shallbemarkedontheequipmentlayout.
2.1.3PIPERACK
Ingeneral,equipmentlayoutshallbepreparedconsideringstraightpiperack,however
othershapeslikeL/T/U/H/Zetccanalsobeconsideredbasedonareaavailable.
Thetotalwidthofpiperackshallinclude25%extraspaceforfutureexpansion/
modificationsinunitforrackwidthsupto16Mand10%forrackwidthsabove
16M.
Thewidthoftherackshallbe6M,8Mor10Mforsinglebayand12M,16Mor20Mfor
doublebayhaving4tiersmaximum.Thespacingbetweenpiperackportalsshallbe
takenas6Mingeneral.Howeveritcanbeincreasedto8Mdependingonthesizeofthe
pumpstobehousedbelowpiperack,inwhichcaseanintermediatestructuralmember
shallbeprovidedinpiperackfortier.
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ForUnits,clearancebeneathpiperackshallbe4.0Mminimumbothin
longitudinalandtransversedirections.
ForOffsites,clearancebeneathpiperackshallbe2.2Mminimumbothin
longitudinalandtransversedirections.
Roadclearanceshallbe7Mminimumformainroadand5Mforsecondary
road.
Waterlinesmorethan30shallnotberoutedoverpiperack,theseshallbe
routedunderground.
2.1.4TOWERSANDVERTICALVESSELS(ASAPPLICABLE)
Towersandverticalvesselsshallbearrangedinarowwithcommoncentreline,decided
bythelargestvessels,placingO.D.oftheequipmentminimum4Mawayfromthepipe
rack.Aminimumclearanceof3Mshallbeallowedbetweentowershells,butinanycase
platformsofadjacenttowersshallnotoverlap(minimum100mmhorizontalgapshallbe
providedbetweenplatformofadjacenttowers)andthataminimum900mmisleft
betweentowerplinths.Thegapbetweenverticalvesselsshallallowfullopeningof
manholecoverswithoutrestriction.Effortsshallbemadetoprovideinterconnecting
platformsatsuitablelevelsforadjacenttowersand/oradjacenttechnologicalstructures&
rackwalkwaysetc.Interconnections,whereverfeasibleshallbedoneaftertakingthermal
expansionsoftowersintoconsiderationsAlllevelswitches,LGsetcincludingtheir
isolationvalvesshallbeaccessiblefromladdersorplatforms.
Tohandleheavyitems(likereliefvalves,blindsetc.)adavitshallbeprovided.Thedavit
shallbeonthesideofthevesselawayfromthepiperack.Theareaatgradeshallbekept
clearforadropout.
2.1.5HORIZONTALVESSELS
The horizontal vessels shall be laid perpendicular to pipe rack and shall be placed
minimum4Mawayfromthepiperack.Theclearancebetweenadjacenthorizontalvessel
shellsshallbeminimum2Mor900mmclearaislewhicheverishigher.
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2.1.6PUMPS(ASAPPLICABLE)
Whereverpracticablepumpsshallbearrangedinrowswiththecentrelineofthe
dischargenozzleonacommonstraightline.Pumpsshallbekeptoutsidethepiperack
withpumpdischargenozzlekeptatadistanceof1metrefrompiperackandmotor
towardsrack.
Gapbetweeneachpumpfoundation/andfoundationoftechnicalstructureshouldbe
sufficientforeasyremovalofequipmentafterpiping.
Clearancebetweentwoadjacentpumpsshallbesuchthatclear900mmaisleis
available.
Allpumpsnotopentoskywithmotorrating>=75KWshallbeprovidedwithmonorail.
Nomonorailshouldnormallybeprovidedforpumpsopentoskyandsufficientspace
belowrackshallbeavailableforpumpmaintenance.
2.1.7AIRCOOLERS(ASAPPLICABLE)
Aircoolersshallbelocatedoverthemainpiperackorontechnologicalstructure.Forair
coolerslocatedontechnologicalstructure/rack,blindfloorshallbeprovided.Blindflooris
generallynotrequiredifpumpshandlinghydrocarbonsorequipmentarenotplaced
belowthem.ThewidthofthestructurefromwhereAircoolerassemblyissupportedshall
beabout2.0mmorethantheAircoolertubebundlelengthsothatpropersupportingof
inlet/outletpipingmanifoldscanbedonefromthemainmembersofpipe
rack/technologicalstructuretotransferpipingloadtomainstructuralmembers.Davit
shallbeprovidedforloweringthegearboxesetc.alongwithmobiletrolleywith
retractablejackingarrangementofsuitableloadcarryingcapacity.
2.1.8COMPRESSORSANDTHEIRPRIMEMOVERS(ASAPPLICABLE)
Followingtypesofcompressorsareusedinprocessplants:
a.Centrifugalcompressors
b.Reciprocatingcompressors.
c.Liquidringcompressors
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d.Screwcompressors
e.Diaphragmcompressors
Compressors shall be located to keep suction lines as short as possible. The gas
compressors shall be located downwind side of furnace so that leaks are not blown
towardsfurnace.Ingeneralcompressorsaretobelocatedundershed.Whencompressors
are located under shed, sides to be kept fully open for the low shed or partially closed
from top for high shed to avoid accumulation of heavier gases in the shed, however, in
case of hydrogen compressors located under the sheds provision for top venting from
compressorshedsshallbeprovided.
In case of a turbine driven compressor, if exhaust steam is condensed, turbine and

compressor need to be located at an elevated level and condenser to be located below
turbine.Amajorconsiderationincentrifugalcompressorlocationisthelubeandsealoil
console. It must be accessible from a road, must be lower than the compressor to allow
gravity drain of oil to the consoles oil tank. Intercoolers & Knockout pots may be kept
within/outsidetheCompressorhouseshed,but,shallbekeptnearcompressorhouse.
ForcompressorsElectricallyOperatedTravellingCranetohandleheaviestremovable
pieceshallbeprovidedforeachcompressorhouse.Maintenancebayforcompressors
shallbeprovided.Maintenancebayshallbeaccessiblefromroadtofacilitateunloading&
loadingontotrucketc.Forremovalofbundlesofexchangerslocatedwithinbuilding
monorailarrangementshallbeprovided.
Compressormanufacturermaybeconsultedforrecommendedlayoutandadditional
requirementformaintenance.Licensorsrequirement,ifany,shallalsobetakeninto
consideration.
2.1.9CLEARANCEANDACCESSIBILITY
2.1.9.1CraneAccess
Equipment,structuresshallbearrangedtopermitcraneaccesstoserviceaircoolers,
compressors.Dropoutbaymaybeconsideredforexchangers&coolersatelevated
structures.
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2.1.9.2AccesstoPumps
Clearaccessof4.0Mverticallyand3Mhorizontallyshallbeprovidedcentrallyunder
mainpipewaysforsmallmobileequipmenttoservicepumps/motors,whereverthese
areinstalledunderpipewayswithpriorspecificapproval.Pumpsoutsiderackshallbe
approachablebymobileequipmentsetc.fromunderthepiperack.
2.1.9.3Accesstoloweritemstograde(LoweringArea)
Clearaccessshallbeprovidedatgradeontheaccesssideforloweringexternal&
internalfittings,PSVs,Controlvalvesetcfromelevatedequipment(columns,towersetc)
byprovidingpipedavits.
2.1.9.4Layout&AccessRequirementsForPlatforms(LaddersAndStairs)
Forprovidingplatformladder&staircasefollowingguidelinesshallbefollowed:
Twomeansofaccess(i.e.twoladdersoroneladderandonestaircase)shallbe
providedforanyelevatedplatform,whichservesthreeormorevessels&for
batterylimitvalvesoperatingplatforms.
Platforms,ladders&stairwaysshallbeconsistentwithaccess&safety
requirements.
Stairwayfortankstobeprovidedonupstreamofpredominantwinddirection.
(i)Platformatelevatedstructure
Dualaccess(i.e.onestaircaseandoneladder)shallbeprovidedatlargeelevated
structureifanypartofplatformhasmorethan22.65M(75ft)oftravel.
Aircoolersshallhaveplatformswithinterconnectedwalkwaysprovidedto
servicevalving,fanmotorsandinstruments.AccessrequirementsshallbeDual
access(i.e.onestaircaseandoneladder).
(ii)Platformswithstairaccessshallbeprovidedonlyfor:
Locationatwhichnormalmonitoring(onceadayormore)isrequiredorwhere
samplesaretaken.
Locationswherevesselsorequipmentitemshaveoperatorattentionsuchas
compressorsetc.
Mainpiperackatbatterylimits
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(iii)Platformswithladderaccessshallbeprovidedfor
Itemsthatrequireoccasionaloperatingaccessincludingvalves,spectacleblind
andmotoroperatedvalves,heaterstacksamplingpoints.
Manwaysabovegradeonequipment.
(iv)LadderLocation
Whereverpracticable,laddershallbesoarrangedthatusersfaceequipmentor
platformratherthanfacingopenspace.
Landingsshallbestaggered.Noladdershallbemorethan6Minoneflight.
2.1.9.5CLEARANCES
MinimumclearancesshallbeasindicatedinAnnexureE.
2.2UNITPIPING
2.2.1BASISOFUNITPIPING
Piping&InstrumentDiagram
Equipmentlayout
EquipmentDatasheet&Settingplan
Linelist
InstrumentDatasheet
Structural&buildingdrawings
Topographyoftheplant
Pipingmaterialspecification
Overallplotplan
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Thefollowingobjectiveshallbeachievedduringpipinglayout:
Properaccesstoalloperatingpointsincludingvalvesandforallorificetapping
points,instrumentsinparticular(referAnnexureB).
Properaccesstointerrelatedoperatingpointsforspecificpurposeandfor
maintenance.
2.2.2PIPEWAYS/RACKPIPING
Racks shall be designed to give the piping shortest possible run and to provide
clearheadroomsovermainwalkways,secondarywalkwaysandplatforms.
Predominantlyprocesslinesaretobekeptatlowertierand,utility&hotprocess
linesonuppertier.
Generally the top tier is to be kept for Electrical cable trays (if not provided in
underground trench) and Instrument cable ducts/trays. Cable tray laying to take
careofnecessaryclearancesforthefireproofingofstructure.
Generallythehotlinesandcoldlinesshallbekeptapartindifferentgroupsona
tier.
Generallythebiggersizelinesshallbekeptnearertotherackcolumn.
MinimumspacingbetweenadjacentlinesshallbedecidedbasedonO.D.ofbigger
size flange (minimum rating 300# to be considered), O.D. of the smaller pipe,
individualinsulationthicknessandadditional25mmclearance.Evenifflangeisnot
appearingthemin.spacingshallbebasedonabovebasisonly.
Actual line spacing, especially at L bend and loop locations, shall take care of
thermal expansion / thermal contraction / nonexpansion of adjacent line. Non
expansion/thermalcontractionmaystopthefreeexpansionoftheadjacentlineat
Lbendlocation.
Anchorsontheracksaretobeprovidedontheanchorbayiftheconceptofanchor
bayisadopted.Otherwiseanchorsshallbedistributedovertwotothreeconsecutive
bays.
Anchorsshallbeprovidedwithinunitonallhotlinesleavingtheunit.
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Processlinescrossingunits(withinunitsorfromunittomainpipeway)are
normallyprovidedwithablockvalve,spectacleblindanddrainvalve.Blockvalves
aretobegroupedandlocationsofblockvalvesinverticalrunofpipeare
preferred.Iftheblockvalveshavetobelocatedinanoverheadpipeway,
staircaseaccesstoaplatformabovethelinesshallbeprovided.
Stubsinseawatershallbefromtopofmainheader.
2.2.3VESSELPIPING/CONTROLVALVES
Pipingfromvesselshalldroporriseimmediatelyuponleavingthenozzleandrun
parallelandcloseaspracticabletovessel.
Pipingshallbegroupedasfaraspossiblefortheeaseofsupportsandshallrunon
theracksideofthecolumn.
Manholesshallbekeptontheroadsideoftheequipmentandshallbe
approachablefromtheplatform.Platformwidthshallbesuchthatminimum1M
spaceisavailablebeyondmanholeformovement.
Pipingshallbesupportedfromcleatsweldedonthevesselasfaraspossible.
Properguidesatrecommendedintervalsshallbeprovidedforlongverticallines.
Accessplatforms/laddersshalltobeprovidedalongthecolumnforvalvesand
instruments.Minimumclearwidthofplatformshallbe750mm.
Foreaseofoperationandmaintenance,columnandvesselswhicharegrouped
together,shallhavetheirplatformsatthesameelevationandshouldbeInter
connectedbywalkways.Howevereachcolumn/vesselshallhaveanindependent
accessalso.
Column/vesselplatformsshouldbedesignedinsuchawaysothatallthenozzles
shouldbeapproachablefromplatforms.
Pipingatcolumns/vesselnozzlesshallbearrangedsothatblankscanbeeasily
installedforhydrotesting.
UnlessspecificallyindicatedinP&IDscontrolvalvesshallpreferablybekeptat
grade.
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Pipingintendedforvacuumservicesshallberoutedasshortaspossiblewith
minimumbendsandflangedjoints.
Pipingsupportcleatsforsafetyvalvesshallbeindependentmeantforsafety
valvesonly&shallbedesignedconsideringimpactloadingduringpoppingoff.
UtilityConnectionnozzlesshallbefromside/top.
2.2.4PUMPPIPING
Pumpdrivesshallhaveclearaccess.
Pumpsuctionpipingshallbeasshortaspossibleandshallbearrangedtoavoid
vapourpockets.
Reducersimmediatelyconnectedtothepumpsuctionshallbeeccentrictypewith
flatsideuptoavoidtheaccumulationofgaspocket.
Forendsuctionpumpselbowsshallnotbedirectlyconnectedtothesuctionflange.
Astraightpieceminimum3timesthelinesizeshallbeprovidedatthesuction
nozzle.
Pumpdischargecheckvalveifinstalledinverticallinesshallbefittedwithadrain
connectionascloseaspossibledownstreamofthevalve.
Unlessotherwisespecified,Ttypestrainersshallbeusedonpumpsuctionpiping
forsizes2andabove.
Ytypestrainersshallbeusedforallsizesinsteamservicesandforpumpsuction
linesbelow2.
Allsmallborepipingconnectedtopump(draintoOWS&CBD,seatandgland
leakdrain)shallhavebreakupflangesforremovalofpumps.
Pipingshallbesoarrangedthattheforcesandmomentsimposedonthepump
nozzledonotexceeddoubletheallowablevaluesofAPI610.
Pumpdischargeshouldbepreferablyroutedawayfromthepumpratherthan
towardsthemotorside.
Pumpcoolingwaterconnectionshallbetakenfromthetopofcirculatingcooling
waterheader.
Suction&dischargevalvesshallbelocatedatoperableheight.
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2.2.5COMPRESSORPIPING
Suctionlinesshallbeasshortaspossible.
Suctionpipingshallhaveadequateflangedjointsforeaseoferectionand
maintenance.
Where the line between knockout drum and the compressor cannot be routed
withoutpocket,lowpointdrainshallbeprovidedtoremoveaccumulationofliquid.
Thesystemshouldbeapprovedbyprocess.
Aminimumstraightlengthofsuctionpipeshallbeprovidedaspermanufacturers
recommendation.
Lube oil cooler space shall be provided in a way so as to facilitate tube bundle
removal.
All operating valves on main suction and discharge piping shall be lined on one
sideasfaraspossible.
Piping shall be designed so that forces and moments imposed on the compressor
donotexceedthemanufacturersrecommendation.
Lowpointsinthedischargelinefromanaircompressorshallbeavoidedbecause
it is possible for lube oil to be trapped and subsequently ignited. If low points are
unavoidable,theyshallbeprovidedwithdrains.
Incaseofreciprocatingcompressor,pipingshallbesuitablysupportedtoavoid
vibrationsduetopulsatingflow.Unlessrequirementsofnopocketsarespecified
bythelicensor,allthepipingshallrunat500mmabovegradelevelsothatproper
supportscanbeprovidedtominimizevibrations.Analogstudyshallbecarriedout
forcompletecompressorpipingincludingsuction/dischargepipingasperP&IDs
andthestudyrecommendationsifany,shallbeimplemented.
Reciprocatingcompressorpipingshallbeprovidedindependentsupportsfrom
gradeandshallnotbesupportedfromcompressorplatformstructure.
Thesmallborebranchesshallbecheckedforrequirementofbracedsupports.
2.2.9RELIEFSYSTEM/BLOWDOWNSYSTEMPIPING
Wherevertheinletlinesizeishigherthanthesafetyvalveinletsize,reducershall
beinstalledadjacenttoinletofsafetyvalve.
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Reliefvalvedischargingsteam,airorothernonflammablevapourorgasdirectly
toatmosphereshallbeequippedwithdrainandshallbesuitablypiped toprevent
accumulationofliquidatvalveoutlet.
Liquidphaseblowdownsystempipingconnectedtoaclosedsystemshallbeself
drainingtotheblowdowndrum.Closedblowdownheadershallbeslopedtowards
theCBDdrumtoensurefreedrainage.
Liquidvapourphasereliefvalvesshalldischargeintotheflareheaderatanangle
45 degrees in the direction of header flow, to minimize the effect of kinetic energy
andtoavoidaccumulationofliquid.
Pocketsintheflareheaderandblowdownsystemshallbeprohibited.Reliefvalve
dischargepipingshallbetakentosafelocationasperfollowing:
3MAbovetopplatformofcolumnorstructure,within6Mradius
forsteamand8Mforhydrocarbon/toxicdischarge.
25MHorizontallyawayfromfurnace.
50MHorizontallyawayfromfurnace,ifmorethanonerelief
systemofdifferentsetpressuresisdischargingintoone
commonriserofventstack.
Inlet and outlet piping of pressure relief valve shall be adequately supported to
takecareofthethrustinducedbythereliefvalveduringpopping.
Reaction forces including both momentum & static pressure effects due to safety
valvepoppingshallbeascertainedintheconnectedpipingaccordingtoAPIRP520
for systems discharging to atmosphere. The effect of these forces on the piping
supports and the anchors of the piping system shall be calculated to ascertain that
the allowable limits at these locations are not exceeded. The supporting structure
alsoshallbeadequatelydesignedsothatwhensubjectedtothesereactionforcesthe
supporting elements connected to piping as well as the basic supporting structure
i.e.platformmembersetc.arecapableofwithstandingthem.Systemstressesinthe
inlet and outlet piping portions at safety valves also shall be kept within the
allowable limits, inclusive of the distribution branching points in the inlet portion.
Thesereactiveforcesshallnotleadtoanyleakageattheflangedjointspresentinthe
system. To ascertain this the necessary calculations for checking leakage at the
flangedjointsshallbeperformed.
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2.2.10UTILITYSTATIONS
Requisitenumberofutilitystationsshallbeprovidedthroughouttheunittocatertothe
utility requirement. Utility stations shall have three connections [one for LP steam
(SL),oneforPlantAir(AP)andoneforServiceWater(WS)]eachof1NBunlessotherwise
specified in P&ID. Air and water lines shall have quick type hose connection and steam
line shall have flanged type hose connection and shall be directed downward. All
connections shall have globe valve for isolation purpose. Inert gas hose, when required,
shallhavebuiltinnonreturnvalveandquickconnectioncouplingatpipingend.
Numberofutilitystationsshallbesuchthatallequipmentsshallbeapproachablefrom
atleastoneutilitystation.Theapproachofutilitystationshallbeconsidered15Mall
aroundthestationlocation.
TheUtilitystationsshallgenerallybelocatedadjacenttopiperackcolumn.Theutility
stationsshallalsobeprovidedonelevatedstructuresliketechnologicalstructure,
operatingplatformsofverticalequipmentsetc.Operatingplatformshavingmanholes
mustbeaccessiblefromutilitystation.
2.2.11FIREFIGHTING
AllfirefightingfacilitiesshallbeasperTAC&OISDnorms.Sprinklersystemshallbe
providedforallhotpumpsasperOISD/TACnorms.Fordetailedguidelinesrefer
GeneralCivildesignbasisforfireprotection.
2.3OFFSITE&YARDPIPING
Ingeneral,offsitespiping,electricalcableandinstrumentationcableshallbelaideitheron
pipe rack or on pipe sleepers. Wherever piping is laid on pipe sleepers, hard
surfacing/gravel is provided below it, hard surfacing/gravel should be completed before
startofpipelaying.Widthofhardsurfacing/gravelshallbeabout1metermorethanthe
pipingcorridoroneitherside.Thisextrahardsurfacing/gravelshallbeformovementof
operatingpersonnelalongthepipingcorridor.Thismovementareashallbeapproachable
fromtheroadatadistanceofevery500meters.
Overheadpipebridgesshallbeusedforpipesatroadcrossings.Culverts,ifrequired,may
be provided but to be minimized. Pipe bridges/culverts shall be adequately designed to
takecareoffuturerequirements.
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ClearancesbetweenlinesshallbeminimumCasgivenbelow.
C=(do+Df)/2+25mm+Insulationthickness(es)
where,dooutsidediameterofsmallerpipe(mm)
Dfoutsidediameterofflange(min300#)ofbiggerpipe(mm)
However this C spacing between the offsite piping on the rack/sleeper can be suitably
increasedsothatthelinesshouldnottoucheachotherafterinsulation/lateralexpansion.
Adequate clearance shall be provided for every long & high temperature lines to avoid
clashingatthebends.See2.2.2alsoforlinespacingatLbendsandlooplocations.
Expansionloopsforalllinesshallgenerallybekeptatthesamelocation.
Ventsshallbeprovidedonallhighpoints&drainsshallbeprovidedatalllowpoints.
Drainvalvesatsleeperpipingshallbekeptoutsidethesleeperwayifthesameisnot
accessibleandvalvesshallbeputinhorizontalonly.Atallsuchplaceswherepipingis
extendedtomakedrainvalvesaccessible2nos.ofstiffeners,irrespectiveofpiperating,
shallbeprovidedasper2.7.1.Spacingofguidesoneachlineonapipebayshallnot
exceedthevaluegiveninclause2.7.1.
2.4FLAREPIPING
Flare header shall be sloped towards flare knockout drum. Expansion loop shall be
providedinhorizontalplaneasperrequirementtoaccommodatethermalexpansion.The
desired slope shall be ensured throughout including flat loop. Flare header shall be
supportedonshoeofheightrangingfrom100mmto300mm.
Proper thermal analysis temperature shall be established including the possibility of
temperature gradient along the line before providing expansion loops. Efforts shall be
madetominimizethenumberofloops.
Flarelinebetweenknockoutdrumandwatersealdrumshallbedesignedforpressure
fluctuationsandadequatelysupportedtoavoidvibrations.
2.5UNDERGROUNDPIPING
FordesignofundergroundpipingsystemGeneralCivilDesignBasisshallbefollowed.
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2.6FLEXIBILITYANALYSISANDSUPPORTING
2.6.1PIPESUPPORTINGCRITERIA&GENERALGUIDELINES.
Pipingsystemshallbeproperlysupportedtakingintoaccountthefollowingpoints:
a.SUSTAINEDLOADS
WeightofPiping(Barepipe,servicefluid,valves,flanges,jackettingetc)
WeightofInsulation(ifany)
Weightofsnow(ifany)
Weightofonlineequipments(ifany)
Weightofinstruments(ifany)
Pressurereliefloadsduetosafetyvalveoperation
Dynamicloadsduetopulsatingflow/twophasewithslugflow
PressureThrustloadsincaseofexpansionjoints
b.OCCASIONALlOADS
Wind/Seismicloads(asandwhenrequired)
c.THERMALLOADS
Thermal loads due to operating/design/steam out/decoking or any other possible
abnormalcondition.
PipesupportingshallpreferablyfollowthebasicspanasgiveninAnnexureAexceptfor
flarelineinoffsiteontrestlesinwhichcasethebasicspanshallberestrictedtomax.18.0
meters. For sizes not covered in AnnexureA, basic span shall be established based on
project requirement. For piping on rack or sleeper, as a minimum, providing resting
support on every grid of pipe rack/sleeper is mandatory. Guides shall be provided on
straightrunofpipesatintervalsasspecifiedinAnnexureC,unlessspecificallybecomes
nonviableduetoflexibilityproblems.
Additional supports, guides, anchors, special supports like spring supports and sway
braces shall be provided based upon detailed analysis of piping system to restrict the
forcesonnozzlesofcriticalequipmentslikepumps,compressors,Aircoolersetc.
Apermanentsupport, eitherrestingorspring supportshallbe providedforlineswhich
donotneedanysupportingotherwisebutrequiresupportingduringmaintenance.
Barepipesofsizeabove12shallbesupportedwithpadorshoe.
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Adequate care shall be taken for small bore (11/2 and below) branch from piping. As a
rule, for all lines in 600# & above classes, lines having two phase flow and lines having
Pulsatingflowsuchasdischargeofreciprocatingcompressors&reciprocatingpumps,all
smallborebranches,e.g.vents,drain,orificetaps,pressuretapings,temperaturetapings,
sampleconnections,PSVinlet,TSVinletetc.shallbeprovidedwith2numberstiffenersat
90toeachotherfromthemainpipetoimpartadequatestiffnesstothebranchconnection.
Thestiffenersshallbemadeof6mmthickflatsofmaterialequivalenttothepipematerial.
Further,irrespectiveoflinerating,thestiffenersshallbe providedforallorificetaps,all
small bore tapings from PSV inlet / outlet lines and all small bore tapings from Control
Valvemanifolds.
Forpulsatingflowlines,detailedthermalandvibrationanalysisbyanalogstudyshallbe
donetodecideonlocationofanchorsupportsandguidesetc.
WherevertwophasewithslugflowinpipingisexpectedandforTransferLines,piping
designshallbecheckedbydynamicstressanalysistopreventvibrations.
Pipesupportdesignshallbesuchthatdeflectioninpipingsystemsduetosustainedloads
shallnotexceed15mm,betweentwoadjacentsupports.
Asfaraspossiblelongtrunniontypesofsupports(morethan0.5mtr.)aretobeavoided.
Incaselongtrunnionsupportisunavoidableinstraightlengthofpipe,trunnionheightto
berestrictedto0.5mandbalanceheighttobemadeupbyprovidingextendedstructure.
In the heaters where steam air decoking provision is there, the main lines and decoking
lines should be supported in such a way that either of the lines should not be in the
hangingpositionwhennotinoperation.
Pipingpassingthroughthetechnologystructureorpassingneartheconcretecolumnetc.
should have adequate space to avoid restriction of line movement during thermal
expansion. The gap should take care the thermal expansion along with insulation
thickness.
High density PUF blocks shall be considered for cold piping supports. Wooden blocks
maybeusedforloadtakingsupportsonverticallinesorasanchorsupports.
Allpipessupportsshallbesodesignedthatthereisnounduetensiononequipment
flanges.
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2.6.2FLEXIBILITYANALYSISCRITERIA&GENERALGUIDELINES.
Pipingshallbeanalyzedforexpansion,contraction,differentialsettlement,reliefvalve
reactionandeffectsmentionedinpara2.7.1.
Thedesignofpipingsystemsshalltakeintoaccountthedifferentconditions
expectedduringoperation,startup,shutdown,coldbranchincaseofstandby
pump,tracing,etc.Hydrocarbonlinesshallbedesignedforsteamoutconditions,
ifsospecifiedinProcessdocument.Systemwherecombinationofdifferent
operatingconditionsareenvisaged,suchsystemshallbeanalyzedforallpossible
combinations.
Theuseofexpansionjointsshallbeconsideredonlywhenspaceorpressuredrop
limitationdoesnotpermitpipebends.Expansionjointofaxialtypeshallgenerally
beavoided.
Forcesandmomentsduetoweight,thermalloadsandotherimposedloadsonthe
equipmentnozzlemustnotexceedtheallowedloadsfortheequipment.Incase
thesameisexceeded,categoricalwrittenconfirmationofacceptanceofthehigher
loadsshallbeobtainedfromtheequipmentsupplier.
2.6.3METHODOFANALYSIS
Followinglinesshallbeconsideredcriticalandfortheseformalanalysisismandatory.
Otherlinesmayalsoneedanalysis,ifrequired:
Allprocesslinestoandfromfiredheatersandsteamgenerators
Allprocesslinestoandfromcentrifugalcompressorandblower
Alllinestoandfromturbines
Allpumplines(6&aboveandanalysistemp>120C&lessthan60C)&air
coolerlines.
Reboilerpiping,Flareheader/subheaders,Jacketedlines,NonmetallicPiping
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Allotherlinesasbelow:
6to8analysistempabove300C&lessthan100C
10to14analysistempabove150C&lessthan80C
16&aboveanalysistempabove100C&lessthan80C
Linesrequiringcompositestressanalysis(PipingalongwithStructureand
Equipments),Dynamic/Wind/Seismicanalysis
LinesrequiringFlangeleakagecheck,i.e.
26&aboveexceptair&waterlines(upto600rating)
4&aboveforhydrogenlines(900ratingandabove)
8&above,otherlines(900ratingandabove)
Allothercriticallines(connectingtosensitiveequipments).SuchasPlatefin
exchangers,Coldboxes(sizes6andaboveandanalysistemp.>120C&less
than60C)
OnlyCAESARIIsoftwarepackageshallbeused.
Alllinesshallbeanalyzedatanalysistemperature.Intheabsenceofanalysis
temperature,linesshallbeanalyzedatoperatingtemperatureifdifferencebetween
operating&designtemperaturesislessthanorequalto30degC,otherwiseitshallbe
analyzedatdesigntemperature.However,analysisofflareline&calculationofthermal
growthoftallequipmentsshallbedoneasperProcessinput.
Forlinesinvolvingpulsatingflowsuchasthoseconnectedtoreciprocatingpumps&
compressors,inadditiontothermalanalysis,analogstudyforacoustic&mechanical
vibrationsshallbedonealongwithequipments,byapprovedvendor/Agency.
Dynamicanalysisshallbeperformedwherevertwophasewithslugflowinpipingis
expectedaspertheprocessrequirementandforTransferLines.Thefundamental
frequencyofthepipingsystemshallbewellabovetheimposedfrequencies,ifany,to
avoidresonance.Theminimumacceptablefrequencyfortransferlinesshallbe7Hzand
forremaininglineswithslugflow,itshallbe6Hz.
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SeismicandwindforcesshallbebasedonrecommendationsofSeismicdesignbasis
andWinddesignbasisrespectivelyofPNCPcoveredelsewhere.
2.7MATERIALS
Basicmaterialselectionofparticularlinedependingonitsservice,temperatureand
Corrosivityshallbeasspeltoutinprocesspackage.Detailedmaterialspecificationshall
followtherequirementsstatedherewith,exceptwhereverspecifiedasperLicensors
requirement.
2.7.1PIPE
2.7.1.1WALLTHICKNESS
Calculationofpipethicknessandbranchreinforcementshallbebasedon
requirementsofASMEB31.3/IBRasapplicable.Propercorrosionallowanceand
milltoleranceshallbeconsideredwhileselectingnominalthickness.
Forcarbonsteelandlowalloysteelpipesminimumpipethicknessshallbeas
follows:
S160upto0.75NB(forotherthansteamtracing),
XSupto0.75NB(forsteamtracing),
XSfor1to2NB,
STDforabove2NB.
Forstainlesspipesminimumpipethicknessshallbeasfollows:
80Supto0.75NB,
40Sfor1NBto2NB,
10Sforabove2NB
Thephilosophyofminimumthickness/scheduleisapplicableforbothseamless
andweldedpipes
The above mentioned minimum thickness/schedule criteria is not applicable to
categoryDclasses(forservicesinA3A,A3Yspecsetc),firewaterservice(A33A)and
A10AspecificationwhereISpipesorweldedAPI5Lpipesarebeingused.
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All pipes (seamless & welded) shall have uniform negative wall thickness
toleranceof12.5%forwallthicknesscalculationspurpose.
Forthicknessesexceedingminimumthickness/schedulecriteria,scheduleXS
shallbeselectedforCS&ASclasses(for2&above).Intermediateschedules
betweenSTD&XSshallbeignored.SimilarlyforSSclasses(2&above)S10,
S20,S30&40Smaybeselectedbeyondminimumthickness/schedulecriteria.
If,thethicknessesexceedXSinCS&ASclassesand40SinSSclasses,only
then,thethicknessshallbecalculatedbasedonactualserviceconditionssubject
toaminimumof80%classrating.Maximum10%ofcorrosionallowancemaybe
reducedinspecialcases,tooptimizethepipeschedules.
Ingeneral,thepressuretemperaturecombinationtocalculatewallthicknessshall
beasfollows:
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Material
Class
150
C.S.
(A106 GR.B, API-5L GR.B, A672)
LTCS
(A333 GR.6),
Low Alloys,
1.25% Cr-0.5% Mo,
2.25% Cr- 1.0% Mo,
5%Cr-0.5% Mo,
9%Cr- 1.0% Mo
300
600
900
1500 & 2500
SS
(A312 TP304, 304L, 316L, 321,347)
OR
(A358 TP304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321,
347)
150
Material
Class
300
600
900,1500
2500
Higher Alloys
150
300-2500
Size
Design condition
upto 24"
Class condition
above 24"
Line condition (#)
upto 14"
Class condition
above 14"
Line condition (#)
upto 8"
Class condition
above 8"
Line condition (#)
upto 8"
Class condition
above 8"
Line condition
upto 4"
Class condition
above 4"
Line condition
up to 24"
Class condition
above 24"
Line condition ($)
upto 14"
Class condition
above 14"
Line condition ($)
Size
Design Condition
upto 6"
Class condition
above 6"
Line condition ($)
upto 4"
Class condition
above 4"
Line condition
upto 2"
Class condition
above 2"
Line condition
upto 6"
Class condition
above 6"
Line condition
all sizes
Line condition
#OnlyIfthethickness/scheduleasperclassconditionexceedsXS.
$OnlyIfthethickness/scheduleasperclassconditionexceeds40S.
ForCatDclasses,forabovegroundapplications,D/tratioshallbetakenas120(max.).For
otherthanCatDservices,D/tratioshallbegenerallyrestrictedto100.Disnominaldia.
andtisnominalthickness.
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2.7.1.2PIPESIZE
Pipesizesshallnormallybe0.5,0.75,1.0,1.5,2.0,3,4,6,8,10,12,14,
16,18,20,
2.7.1.3PIPETYPE
Material
CS, LTCS, AS
(except for Cat D fluids & LP
hydrocarbons in offsites)
Size
Upto 14"
16" and Above
SS
(Process lines)
Upto 8"
10" and Above
SS
(Non process lines)
CS
(Cat D fluids & Fire water service)
CS
(LP hydrocarbons offsites)
Type
Seamless
E.F.S.W.
Seamless
E.F.S.W.
Upto 1.50"
Seamless
2" & Above
Welded
ALL
Welded*
Upto 6"
Seamless
Above 6"
Welded
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*LimitedtoCatDservices&Firewaterserviceswithfollowingexceptions:
ForU/Gpipesincoolingwater&Firewaterservices:6&belowA106GrB
Seamless8&aboveIS3589Gr330Welded/ASTMA53Gr.BWelded/API5L
Gr.BWelded(Forcoolingwaterservices)
8 & above IS3589 Gr 410 Welded/A53 Gr.B Welded/API 5L Gr.B Welded (For
firewaterservices)
2.7.2FITTINGS
Typeoffittingsshallbeequivalenttopipetype.
ThicknessoffittingsatendstomatchpipethicknessforBWfittings.
SWfittingsshallbe3000#,6000#or9000#dependingonthepipethicknessesS80,
S160andaboveS160respectively.
Upto600#allbranchconnectionsshallbeasfollows,unlessspecificallymentioned
otherwiseinPMS:
Upto11/2NBHalfcouplings/Tee
2andaboveTees/Pipetopipewithorwithoutreinforcementpad
Forbranchconnectionsabove600#rating,equaltee/unequalteeshallbeusedfor
all sizes. In case of non availability of unequal tees, olets may be used. Usage of
sweepoletshallbeavoidedduetopooravailabilityglobally.
MitresshallbeusedinCategoryDserviceabove6NB.Elbows(seamless/welded)
are acceptable in place of mitres, however, thickness of elbows shall be same as
mitres.Seamlesselbowsareacceptableinplaceofweldedelbows.
For other than Category D fluid in 150# and 300# Class mitres can be permitted
for sizes above 48. Mitres to be designed as per ASME B31.3. However, use of
mitresshallbeminimum.
UnionshallnottobeusedinlinesotherthanCatDwaterlines.
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2.7.3.FLANGES
Flangesshallbeasfollows:
Rating
150
Size
Type
Up to 1.50"
SW RF
Up to 1.50"
WN RF
If metallic/spiral wound gasket is used
2" & above
WN RF
For CS (Other than Cat-D), AS &

SS(Cryo)
2" & above
LJ FF+Stub ends
2" & above
SO FF
Up to 1.50"
SW RF
2" & above
WN RF
Remarks
If used with non metallic gasket
For SS (Other than Cryo)
300,600
900
All
For CAT-D service
WN RTJ
Allflangejointsonpipingsystemincludingflangesontheequipment,manholes,
etcshallbetightenedusingHydraulicbolttensioneraspertherequirementgiven
inthefollowingtable&thestudboltlengthshallbelongerbyonediameterto
facilitatebolttensioning:
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Nominal Bolt
Diameter
All
50 mm & over
38 mm &
above & below
50mm
25 mm &
above & below
38mm
Condition
Remarks
When specified by Process

licensor/ Vendor/Project
Specifications
All Joints
Except under Cat-D service, as

defined in ASME B31.3
a) Class 600 & above

b) Hydrogen service (Note-1)
c) Cat-M service as per ASME B31.3
d) Joints with leakage
potential (Note-2)
e) Critical joints with
equipments (Note-3
a) Joints with leakage
potential (Note-2)
b) Critical joints with
equipments (Note-3)
Notes:
1) Hydrogen service is defined as service in contact with hydrogen or gaseous
mixtures containinghydrogen in which the partial pressure of hydrogen is5bar or
more.
2)Jointswithleakagepotentialshallinclude
a)Jointsinvolvingtappedholes
b)Itemsnotsubjectedtohydrotesteg.Jointsforequipmentmanholes,equipment
mounted temp, pressure & level instruments, line mounted temp connections,
onlineinstrumentjointslikecontrolvalvesandsafetyvalves,compressorvolume
bottles.
c)Itemsinvolvingtwosetsofgasketswithonesetofboltegorificeflangejoint,
joints with spectacle blind, spacer, flangeless wafer check valve, wafer type
butterflyvalves.
d)TieinjointswithotherContractors&packagevendors
e)Hightemperature(above370degC)jointsinhydrocarbonservice.
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3)Criticaljointswithequipmentsshallincludeinlet&outletflangesofpumps,
compressors&turbines
Forflangeassembliesnotcoveredundertherequirementsofhydraulicbolt
tensioning,butfallinginthefollowingcategoriesBoltTorquingusingpre
specified
torquevalueshallbeemployed:
Service
Classes (as per ASME B16.5)
Hydrogen Service
All
Category-M services as per

ASME B31.3
Other Services
All
600# & above
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2.7.4GASKETSGasketsshallbeasfollows:
Rating
Material
/service
Temperature
(0C)
Type
Gasket or Strip material

+ Filler material/RTJ
Gasket Material
150
CS & SS
(utilities)
up to 371 0C
PLAIN
CAF
150
CS & LTCS
(other than
utilities)
up to 371 0C
Spiral wound
SS316+CAF
150
AS
(all services)
up to 371 0C
Spiral wound
SS316+CAF
300 & 600
CS
up to 427 0C
Spiral wound
SS316+CAF
300 & 600
AS
All
Spiral wound
SS316+Grafoil
150, 300,
600
SS (other
than utilities
All
Spiral wound
CS
All
Octagonal
RTJ
Soft Iron
AS
All
Octagonal
RTJ
5Cr-Alloy steel
SS
All
300(*),
600(*),900,
1500,2500
300(*),
600(*),
900,
1500,2500
300(*),
600(*),
900,
1500,2500
OnlyifRTJisspeciallymentionedinPMS.
Octagonal
RTJ
SS316+Grafoil
(where trim material is
SS304/316)
SS316L+Grafoil
(where trim material is
SS304L/316L
SS
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2.7.5VALVES
SWvalvesUpto1inch,for150#,300#,600#(exceptball&plugvalves).Ball
&Plugvalvesshallbeflangedforallsizes.
FlangedvalveAbove1inchfor150#,300#,600#.
BWvalves900#andabove
2.7.5Overandabovetherequirementsspecifiedinclause2.7.1through2.7.5,other
technicalrequirementprescribedinAnnexureDshallalsobeadheredto.
2.7.7NDERequirements(IfnotspecifiedinPMS)
Dependingupontheseverityofapplication,extentofNDEshallbedecided.Asarule,all
hydrogen,oxygen,NACEandanyotherlethalserviceshallhave100%radiographyon
weldjointsinallclassratings.
Forhighpressureapplications,ie.,900#andupward100%radiographyonbuttweld
jointsshallbeemployed.In100%radiographyclassesanyfilletweldsemployedshall
have100%DP/MPtestinCS/ASclassesand100%DPtestinSSclasses.
Cat.DserviceasperASMEB31.3doesnotrequireradiography.
ButtweldsforClassin150#fornormalhydrocarbonserviceshallbesubjectedto10%
radiographyandfilletweldsto10%DP/MPtestforCS&ASand10%DPtestforSS.
ButtweldsforClasses300#&600#fornormalhydrocarbonserviceshallbesubjectedto
20%radiographyandfilletweldsto20%DP/MPtestforCS&ASand20%DPtestforSS.
Forfirewaterservice,IBRetc.,radiographyshallbeasperstatutoryrequirement.
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2.8THERMALINSULATIONOFPIPING,EQUIPMENT&VESSELS
2.8.1HOTINSULATION
Insulationmaterials,applicationetc.shallbebasedonrecommendationsofStandard
specificationforhotinsulationofvessels,pipingandequipments(Doc.No.6440002).
InsulationthicknessonpipingshallbeasperProcessdesignbasis.
2.8.2COLDINSULATION
Insulationmaterials,applicationetc.shallbebasedonrecommendationsofStandard
specificationforcoldinsulationofvessels,pipingandequipment(Doc.No.6440003).
InsulationthicknessonpipingshallbeasperProcessdesignbasis.
2.9PAINTING
Paintingmaterials,applicationetc.shallbebasedonrecommendationsofJob
specificationforshop&fieldpaintingforPNCP(Doc.No.6556642PTA05).
2.10WELDING
2.10.1APPLICABLECODES&STANDARDS
All welding work, equipment for welding, heat treatment, other auxiliary functions and the
weldingpersonnelshallmeettherequirementsofthelatesteditionsofthefollowingaccepted
standardsandprocedures:
a)ProcessPipingASME:B31.3
b)TheIndianBoilerRegulationsI.B.R.
In addition, the following codes and specifications referred in the code of fabrication shall be
followed for the welding specifications, consumable qualifications and non destructive test
procedures.
WeldingandBrazingQualificationsASMEBPVSec.IX.
NondestructiveexaminationASMEBPVSec.V.
Materialspecifications:Weldingrods,electrodesandfillermetalsASMEBPVSecIIPartC.
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Theadditionalrequirementsmentionedinthisspecification,overandabovethose
obligatoryaspercodes,shallbefollowedwhereverspecified.
2.10.2WELDINGPROCESSES
2.10.2.1 Welding of various materials shall be carried out using one or more of the
following
processeswiththeapprovaloftheEngineerincharge.
ShieldedMetalArcWeldingprocess(SMAW)
GasTungstenArcWeldingprocess(GTAW).
2.10.2.2Automaticandsemiautomaticweldingprocessesshallbeemployedonlywiththe
express approval of the Engineerincharge. The welding procedure adopted and
consumablesusedshallbespecificiallyapproved.
2.10.2.3Acombinationofdifferentweldingprocessescouldbeemployedforaparticular
joint only after duly qualifying the welding procedure to be adopted and obtaining the
approvalofengineerinCharge.
2.10.2.4ForadditionaldetailsWeldingSpecificationforFabricationofPiping6770001
shallbereferred.
2.11MISCELLANEOUS
2.11.1 Positive material identification(PMI) test at construction site shall be done as per
Standard Specification for positive material identification PMI at construction site, 682
0002.
2.11.2 Potable water shall be used for testing of Carbon steel & Alloy steel piping. For
testingofStainlessSteelpipingmaximumchlorinecontentinwatershallbe1520ppm.
2.11.3Itemcodesforsurplus&sparematerialsshallbeasperOwnercodesatthetimeof
handingoveroftheProject.
2.11.4Allsmallborepipingandsteamtracerlines,sizeandbelowshallbeweldedby
TIGprocessforalltypeofjoints,e.g.ButtWeld,SocketWeld,teeetc.
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2.11.5Preheating/PostheatingismandatoryforalltypeofAlloysteelpipingwelding
joints.
2.11.6Alllowhydrogenelectrodesshallbebakedat350deg.Cinsuitablefurnaceatsite
bythecontractor.
2.11.7WeldingofAlloysteelbuttjointsshouldnotbeleftincompleteforlonghours;at
leastonethirdoftheweldjointshallbecompletedincontinuity.
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3.0REFERENCEDPUBLICATIONS
Thefollowingcodesandstandardsshallbefollowedunlessotherwisespecified:
ASMESEC.IRulesforConstructionofPowerBoilers.
ASMESEC.II,PartCMaterialSpecifications:WeldingRods,
Electrodesandfillermetals
ASMESEC.VIIIRulesforConstructionofPressureVessels.
ASMESEC.IXWeldingandBrazingqualifications
ASMEB31.1PowerPiping
ASMEB31.3ProcessPiping
APIRP520Sizing,Selection&InstallationofPressureRelieving
DevicesinRefineries
APIStd.610CentrifugalPumpsforPetroleum,HeavyDuty
ChemicalandGasIndustryService
ANSI/NEMASM23SteamTurbinesforMechanicalDriveService
APIStd.617CentrifugalCompressorsforPetroleum,Chemical
andGasIndustryService
APIStd.661AirCooledHeatExchanger
APIStd.560FiredHeater
EJMAExpansionJointsManufacturersAssociation
TEMATubularExchangersManufacturersAssociation
OISD118LayoutsforOilandGasInstallations
IBRIndianBoilerRegulations
NACEMR0103MaterialsResistanttoSulfideStressCrackingin
CorrosivePetroleumRefiningEnvironments
ResistantMetallicMaterialsforOilfieldEquipment
NACEMR0175/ISO15156MaterialsforuseinH2ScontainingEnvironmentsin
Oil&GasProduction
NACEMR0284EvaluationofPipelineandPressureVesselSteelfor
ResistancetoHydrogenInducedCracking
NACETM0177LaboratoryTestingofMetalsforResistanceto
SulfideStressCrackinginH2SEnvironments
Rev.
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AnnexureA
TABLEOFBASICSPAN
Pipe
Size
NB
(inch)
3/4"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2- 1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
3/4"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
SCH/
THK
(in)
PIPE
VAPOR-INSULATION
BASIC SPAN (L) M
Upt
o
175
0C
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
SCH 40
3/8" w
3/8" w
3/8" w
3/8" w
3/8" w
3/8" w
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
SCH 80
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
1/2" w
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
3.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.5
7.5
8.0
10.0
12.0
13.5
14.5
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
20.0
3.5
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
8.0
10.5
12.0
13.5
14.5
15.0
16.0
17.5
18.0
20.0
4.0
5.0
5.0
6.5
176
0C
To
315
0C
3.5
4.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
9.5
11.0
13.0
13.5
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.5
19.0
3.5
4.0
5.0
5.0
6.0
6.5
8.0
10.0
11.5
13.0
13.5
14.5
15.5
17.0
17.5
19.0
3.5
4.5
4.5
5.5
316
0C
To
400
0C
2.5
3.0
4.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.5
8.5
10.0
12.0
13.0
13.5
14.5
15.0
16.0
17.5
2.5
3.0
4.5
4.5
5.5
6.0
7.0
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.0
13.5
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.5
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.5
PIPE-LIQUIDINSULATION
BARE PIPE
EMPTY
BARE PIPE
WATER FILLED
BASIC SPAN (L) M
Upto
175
0C
3.5
4.5
5.0
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
9.0
10.0
11.5
12.0
12.0
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.5
9.5
10.5
11.5
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.5
15.0
16.0
4.0
4.5
4.5
5.5
176
0C
To
315
0C
3.0
3.5
4.5
4.5
5.5
6.0
7.0
8.0
10.0
10.5
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.5
3.0
3.5
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
9.0
10.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.5
15.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
316
0C
To
400
0C
2.0
3.0
3.5
3.5
4.5
5.0
6.0
7.5
9.0
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.0
12.5
13.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.5
8.5
10.0
10.5
11.5
12.0
13.0
13.5
14.0
15.0
2.5
3.0
3.0
4.5
SPAN
(L)M
Weig
ht
KG/M
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
8.0
9.0
10.5
12.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
21.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.5
8.0
9.0
10.5
12.0
14.0
15.0
16.0
17.0
18.0
19.0
21.0
4.5
5.5
6.0
7.0
1.68
2.52
4.08
5.47
8.7
11.35
16.2
28.3
42.84
60.74
74.40
82.5
94.5
106.5
118.5
142.5
2.20
3.25
5.45
7.53
11.49
15.37
22.47
42.90
65.10
82.20
98.13
108.15
124.2
140.25
157.5
188.25
2.08
3.12
3.94
5.26
SPA
N
(L)
M
Weig
ht
KG/M
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.5
6.5
7.5
9.0
10.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.5
14.0
15.0
4.0
4.5
5.0
6.0
6.5
7.0
8.0
9.5
11.0
12.0
13.0
13.5
14.0
14.5
15.0
16.0
4.0
5.0
5.5
6.0
2.04
3.07
5.4
7.65
11.79
16.5
24.45
46.7
75.22
111.9
147.5
172.05
213.15
258.3
307.5
418.2
2.49
3.72
6.60
9.45
14.25
19.66
29.94
59.85
94.8
130.69
168.64
194.4
240.0
286.64
341.8
458.44
2.7
4.57
6.33
8.85
Pipe
Size
NB
(inch)
3/4"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
3/4"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
1"
1-1/2"
2"
2-1/2"
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3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
10 S
7.0
7.5
9.5
11.0
12.5
14.0
14.5
16.5
16.5
17.5
19.0
6.0
7.0
9.0
10.5
12.0
13.0
14.0
14.5
15.5
16.5
18.0
5.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
11.0
12.0
13.0
14.0
14.5
15.5
17.0
6.0
6.5
8.0
9.5
10.5
11.0
11.5
12.0
12.5
13.0
14.0
5.5
6.0
7.5
9.5
10.0
11.0
11.0
11.5
12.5
13.0
13.5
5.0
6.0
7.5
8.5
9.5
10.0
11.0
11.5
11.5
12.0
12.5
7.5
8.0
10.0
11.5
13.0
14.5
15.5
16.5
17.5
18.5
20.5
6.45
8.34
13.82
19.94
27.83
36.00
41.18
47.33
53.18
68.50
94.37
6.0
7.0
8.5
10.0
11.0
11.5
11.5
12.5
13.0
13.0
14.0
11.91
17.67
34.54
55.5
83.4
114.6
132.6
172.2
212.1
264.5
376.8
3"
4"
6"
8"
10"
12"
14"
16"
18"
20"
24"
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AnnexureB
AccessibilityforValves&Instruments
VALVES,INSTRUMENTS,CENTRELINEOFITEMTOBEOPERATED,CENTRELINEOFITEMTOBE
EQUIPMENTTOBEOPERATEDLOCATEDLESSTHAN3.6mABOVEOPERATED,LOCATED
GRADE,2.75mABOVEFLOORORMORETHAN3.6mABOVE
PLATFORMOR1.8mABOVEWINGGRADE,2.75mABOVE
PLATFORMFLOORORPLATFORMOR1.8m
ABOVEWINGPLATFORM
EXCHANGERHEADSNILPLATFORM
OPER.VALVES2&SMALLERFIXEDLADDERFIXEDLADDER
OPER.VALVES3&ABOVEPLATFORMPLATFORM
MOTOROPERATEDVALVESPLATFORMPLATFORM
CONTROLVALVESPLATFORMPLATFORM
RELIEFVALVES2&SMALLERFIXEDLADDERFIXEDLADDER
RELIEFVALVES3&ABOVEPLATFORMPLATFORM
BLOCKVALVES2&SMALLERPORTABLELADDERPLATFORM
BLOCKVALVES3&ABOVEPLATFORM(NOTE1)PLATFORM(NOTE1)
BATTERYLIMITVALVESPLATFORMPLATFORM
PRESSUREINSTRUMENTFIXEDLADDERIFABOVE2.2mHEIGHTFIXEDLADDER
TEMPERATUREINSTRUMENTFIXEDLADDERIFABOVE2.2mHEIGHTFIXEDLADDER
SAMPLEPOINTSPLATFORMPLATFORM
GAUGEGLASSESFIXEDLADDERFIXEDLADDER
LEVELCONTROLLERSPLATFORMPLATFORM
PROCESSBLINDSANDSPACERSPORTABLELADDER/PLATFORMPLATFORM
2&SMALLER
PROCESSBLINDSANDSPACERSPLATFORMPLATFORM
3&ABOVE
MANWAYS/MANHOLESPLATFORMPLATFORM
HANDHOLES/INSPECTIONHOLESPLATFORMPLATFORM
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NOZZLESNOACCESSREQD.(NOTE2)NOACCESSREQD.(NOTE2)
VESSELVENTSPORTABLELADDERFIXEDLADDER
LINEDRAINS&VENTSPORTABLELADDERPORTABLELADDER
ORIFICEFLANGESPORTABLELADDERPORTABLELADDER
NOTE1:BLOCKVALVESWITHCENTRELINESLOCATEDABOVE2.0mFROMTHEOPERATING
FLOOR,WHICHAREREQUIREDFORNORMALOPERATIONSHALLBEPROVIDED
WITHPORTABLEPLATFORMORCHAINFOROPERATIONOFVALVES.
NOTE2:TEMPORARYARRANGEMENTFORACCESSSHOULDBEFEASIBLE.
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AnnexureC
VerticalandHorizontalGuidesSpacing
NOM PIPE SIZE
IN INCHES
VERTICAL
SPACING METRES
1
1
2
3
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
24
26 and above
6.0
6.0
6.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
16.0
16.0
16.0
HORIZONTAL
SPACING METRES(NOTE-1)
6.0
6.0
6.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.0
Notes:
1.Thesespacingsmaybevariedtosuitcolumnspacingofrack.Theabovespacingisfor
straightrunsofpipe&doesnotincludeguideswhichareusedforcontrolofthermal
movements,asdecidedbystressgroup.
2.Theguidespacingsgivenintheabovetableareindicativeonly.
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`AnnexureD
TechnicalRequirementsforPipingMaterial
1.0General
1.1Ends
Unlessotherwisespecified,theendsshallbetothefollowingstandard:
SW/SCRD:ASMEB16.11
BW:ASMEB16.25
FLANGED:ASMEB16.5andASMEB16.47SERIESB
THREADING:ASME/ANSIB1.20.1(NPT,Taperthreads)
1.2FaceFinish
ThisshallbetoMSSSP6/ASMEB46.1/ASMEB16.5/B16.47.Theinterpretationshall
beasfollows:
StockFinish:2501000inAARH
SerratedFinish/SmoothFinish/125AARH:125250inAARH
ExtraSmoothFinish/63AARH:3263inAARH
1.3AusteniticStainlessSteel
Allitems/partsshallbesuppliedinsolutionannealedcondition.
ForallAusteniticStainlesssteels,IntergranularCorrosion(IGC)Testshallbeconducted
asperfollowing:
ASTMA262PracticeBwithacceptancecriteriaof60mils/year(max.)forcasting.
ASTM A262 Practice E with acceptance criteria of No cracks as observed from
20Xmagnification & microscopic structure to be observed from 250 X magnification for
otherthancasting.
For IGC test, two sets shall be drawn from each solution annealing lot; one set
corresponding to highest carbon content and other set corresponding to the highest
rating/thickness.
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ForallitemsofstabilizedSSgrades(SS321,SS347),stabilizingheattreatmentshallalsobe
done. It shall be carried out subsequent to normal solution annealing. Soaking
temperatureandholdingtimeshallbe900Cand4hrsrespectively.
1.4Threads
ThreadsforthreadedPipes,Fittings,Flanges,Valvesetcshallbeinaccordancewith
B1.20.1taperthreads,unlessotherwisespecified.Allthreadedjoints,irrespectiveof
pressureandtemperature,forcriticalservicesincludingtoxicfluid,hydrogenetcshallbe
sealweldedwithafullstrengthfilletweld.
2.0ITEMSPECIFICNOTES:
2.1Pipes
Unlessspecificallyexempted,weldedpipesshallbeacceptableonlywithlongitudinal
weldmadeemployingautomaticwelding.
Unlessmentionedotherwiseinthematerialcode,doubleseam180deg.apartisallowed
forsizes36andlargeronly.
GalvanizedPipesshallbeonlyHotDipgalv.toASTMA53.
2.2Fittings
Allfittingsshallbeseamlessinconstructionunlessotherwisespecified.
ForreducingBWfittingshavingdifferentwallthicknessateachend,thegreateroneshall
beemployedandtheendsshallbematchedtosuitrespectivethickness.
Allweldedfittingsshallhavemaximumnegativetoleranceequivalenttopipeselected.
All welded fittings shall be double welded. Inside weld projection shall not exceed
1.6mm,andtheweldsshallbegroundsmoothatleast25mmfromtheends.
For fittings made out of welded pipe, the pipe itself shall be of double welded type,
manufacturedwiththeadditionoffillermaterialandmadeemployingautomaticwelding
only.
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AllweldedfittingsshallbenormalizedforCS,normalized&temperedforAS;and100%
radiographedbyXrayforallweldsmadebyfittingmanufactureraswellasforweldson
theparentmaterial.
BevelendsofallBWfittingsshallundergo100%MP/DPtest.
Thoseusedinfirefightingfacilitiesshallbemarked.
2.3Flanges
ForRingJointFlanges,BlindsandSpacers,thehardnessshallbeasfollows:
FlangeMaterialMin.HardnessofGroove(BHN)
CarbonSteel140
1%Crto5%Cr,1/2Mo150
Type304,316,347,321160
Type304L.316L140
ForRTJflanges,blinds&spacers,thehardnessofthegrooveshallbespecifiedonthe
testreport.Boreofweldneckflangeshallcorrespondtotheinsidediameterofpipefor
specifiedschedule/thickness.Endsshallbebevelledtosuitthespecifiedschedule/
thickness.ForRTJflanges,onlyoctagonalsectionringjointflangesshallbeused.
2.4Valves
2.4.1General
Valves of Class 900 & above shall be pressureseal type. Threaded and seal welded or
weldedbonnetmaybeemployeduptosizes11/2.
Allflangedvalves(exceptforged)shallhaveflangesintegralwiththevalvebody.Weld
onflangesshallbemadebyfullpenetrationjointsand100%radiographed.
Valve Castings/Forgings purchased from India or Indian vendors shall be from EIL
approvedfoundries/forgingshop.
Yokematerialshallbeatleastequaltobodymaterial.
ForgingsareacceptableinplaceofCastingsbutnotviceversa.
Nocastironvalvestobeusedinfirewateroranyotherserviceexceptindrinkingwater
service.
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2.4.2Dimensions
FacetoFace/EndtoEnddimensionshallbeasperANSIB16.10.Incasethesameis
notcoveredunderB16.10,thedimensionshallbeasperBS2080/ManufacturersStd.
Valveundercryogenicservice(temp.below45C)shallmeettherequirementsofBS
6364andshallbeprocuredfromprequalifiedvendor.
2.4.3Operation
Generallythevalvesarehandwheelorleveroperated.However,suitablegearoperator
inenclosedgearboxshallbeprovidedforvalvesasfollows:
ValveTypeClassForSizes
Gate/Globe15012
30012
60012
Gate/Globe/YGlobe/9006
StopCheck15003
25003
Ball/Plug(otherthan1506
Pressurebalanced
Plug)
3006
6004
9003
15003
Butterfly1506
3006
Handwheeldiametershallnotexceed750mmandleverlengthshallnotexceed500mm
oneachside.Efforttooperateshallnotexceed35kgfathandwheelperiphery.
However,failingtomeettheaboverequirement,vendorshalloffergearoperation.
Quarterturnvalvesshallhaveopenpositionindicatorswithlimitstops.
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2.4.4ByPass
Aglobetypevalve(sizeasperASME/ANSIB16.34)shallbeprovidedasbypassforthe
followingsizesofgatevalves:
ClassSize
15026&above
30016&above
6006&above
9004&above
15004&above
25003&above
BypassPiping,FittingandValvesshallbeofcompatiblematerialanddesign.Complete
filletweldsforbypassinstallationshallbeDP/MPtested.NDTofbypassvalveshallbe
inlinewithmainvalve.
2.4.5RadiographyofCastValves
Allcastingshallbeofradiographicquality.Thisrequirementtobeensuredbysample
radiographybeforeproceedingwiththeactualproduction.
Radiographyprocedure,areasofcastingtoberadiographed,andtheacceptancecriteria
shallbeasperASME/ANSIB16.34.
a)Radiographyrequirementforcastingofsizesforspecial/criticalpipingclassesshall
beasfollows:
i)Forhydrogen/hydrogenbearinghydrocarbons,oxygen,NACEservices&stress
relievedPipingclasses:
ClassSizeqty
150upto2450%
300upto1650%
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ii)ForLT/CRYOservices:
ClassSizeqty
150upto2420%
300upto1620%
b)Radiographyrequirementforcastingsforcategoriesnotmentionedina)aboveshall
beasfollows:
ClassSizeqty
150upto245%ForCarbonSteelmaterial(ExceptCatD&
FirewaterservicesforwhichitisNIL)
150upto2410%ForAlloysteels&StainlessSteels
15026&above100%Forallmaterials(NilforCat.D&Fire
waterservice)
300upto1610%Forallmaterials
30018&above100%Forallmaterials
600&aboveAll100%Forallmaterials
Note1NoradiographyisrequiredforcastingsforDemineralisedWater
service(CatD)A3KSpec.
Note2ForstabilizedgradesofSS100%radiographyisrequiredforcastings
irrespectiveofthecategoryorratingthesebelongto.
2.4.6Ball/Plug/ButterflyValves
Eachvalveshallbesuppliedwithalever/wrenchexceptforgearoperated/motoroperated
valves.
SoftseatedBall,Plug&Butterflyvalvesshallbesuppliedwithantistaticdevices.
TheballofBallvalvesshallnotprotrudeoutsidetheendflanges.
Ballvalvesshallbefloatingballtype/trunionmountedtypeasperfollowing:
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ClassFloatingBallTrunionMounted
1508&below10&above
3004&below6&above
600&above11/2&below2&above
Useofsoftseatedball/plug/butterflyvalvesshallbesuitablyselectedbasedon
temperatureshandled.
Butterflyvalvesshallbesuitableforthrottlingapplication.
UseofFiresafevalvesshallbeasperProcessrequirement.
ForProcess(Hydrocarbon)servicesbutterflyvalveshallbetripleoffset,highperformance
type.
2.5Strainer
Allowable pressure drop when specified shall be certified along with the offer. If asked
specifically,pressuredropcalculationsshallbefurnished.
All2&highersizedYtypestrainersshallbeprovidedwith3/4threadedtapandsolid
threaded plug as drain connection on the blind flange. For less than 2, this shall be
1/2size.
BottomflangeofYtypestrainershallnothavetappedhole.Fulllengthstandardsize
studsshallbeusedforjoiningblindflange.
Forfabricatedstrainers,allBWjointsshallbefullyradiographedandfilletweldsshallbe
100%DP/MPchecked.
Allthestrainersshallbehydrostaticallytestedattwicethedesignpressure.
2.6Traps
Vendor shall furnish the performance curve indicating the capacity in mass/hour at
variousdifferentialpressuresacrossthetrap.
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Partssubjecttowearandtearshallbesuitablyhardened.
Trapsshallfunctioninhorizontalaswellasinverticalinstallation.
Trapsshallhaveintegralstrainers.
Alltrapsshallbehydrostaticallytestedtotwicethedesignpressure.
2.7Hoses
Suitabilityofhosesshallbeguaranteedfortheserviceandworkingconditionsspecifiedin
therequisition,evenifthematerialisnotspecifiedintheMaterialRequisitionforany
particularservice.
Allhosesshallbeclearlymarkedwithserviceandworkingpressureatbothends.
Hosesshallberesistanttoageing,abrasionandsuitableforoutdoorinstallations.
CompleteHoseassemblyshallbetestedattwotimesthedesignpressure.
Steamhosesshallbesubjecttosteamresistancetest.
2.8ExpansionJoints
The applicable codes are ASME B31.3 and EJMA (Expansion Joint Manufacturers
Association).
Bellows shall be formed from solution annealed sheet conforming to the latest ASTM
Spec.Anylongitudinalweldshallbe100%radiographed.Thefinishedlongitudinalweld
must be of the same thickness and same surface finish as the parent material.
Circumferential welds are not permitted. Bellows are to be hydraulically or
expansion(punched)formed.Rolledformedbellowsarenotacceptable.Noticeablepunch
ordiemarksresultingfromexpansionoperationarenotacceptable.
Norepairsofanykindareallowedonthebellowsafterforming.Deepscratchesanddents
arenotacceptable.
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The out of roundness shall be limited to 3mm. This is the max. deviation between the
max.&min.diameter.
The actual circumference of the welding end shall be maintained to 3mm of the
theoreticalcircumference.
Apartfromtheusualrequirements,thevendorshallalsofurnish:
Designcalculationstojustifystiffnessandfatiguelife.
Axial,lateralstiffness,angularstiffness,effectivepressurethrustarea.
Installation/maintenancemanual.
Moments&forcesduetostiffness&pressurethrustduetoexpansionjoint
2.9Supports&SpringAssemblies
TheMaterial,Design,ManufactureandFabricationshallbegenerallyasperMSSSP58/
MSSSP89and/orBS3974.
TestingofspringsshallbeasperBS1726.
2.10Gaskets
Asbestosfillerforspiralwoundgasketshallnothaveanycolourordye
Fullfacegasketsshallhaveboltholespunchedout.
NonmetallicringgasketsasperASME/ANSIB16.21shallmatchflangestoASME/ANSI
B16.5 upto 24, and ASME/ANSI B16.47 or AWWA for sizes > 24 unless otherwise
specified.
SpiralwoundgasketsasperASMEB16.20shallmatchflangestoASME/ANSIB16.5upto
24,andASMEB16.47seriesBforsizes>24unlessotherwisespecified.
InnerandouterringsrequirementforspiralwoundgasketsshallbeasperPMSGeneral
notes.
Innerringshallbeprovidedforthefollowing:
a)Aspercode(B16.20)requirement.
b)Forsizes26&aboveinallclasses.
c)Forvacuum,cryoandhydrogenservice.
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d)ForSS321,SS347andHgradeSSclasses.
e)Forclasseswheretemperatureishigherthan427C.
f)For900#ratingandaboveclasses.(IfPMSspecifiesspiralwoundgasket)
IncaseofRTJgaskets,onlyoctagonalsectionringgasketsshallbeused&shallhave
propermarkingstamped.Materialcertificateshallbeavailableforthegasket.Hardnessof
RTJgasketsshallbe20BHN(min)lessthanthecorrespondingflangegroovehardness.
2.11Stud,Bolts,NutsandJackScrews
AllboltingshallbeasperASME/ANSIB18.2.1forStuds,M/CBoltsandJackscrews,and
ASME/ANSIB18.2.2fornuts.
Threadsshallbeunified(UNCfor 1diaand8UNfor>1dia)asperANSIB1.1with
class2AfitforStuds,M/CBoltsandjackscrews,andclass2Bfitfornuts.
Studboltsshallbethreadedfulllengthwithtwoheavyhexnuts.Lengthtoleranceshallbe
inaccordancewiththerequirementoftableF2ofAnnexureFofASMEB16.5
The nuts shall be double chamfered, semifinished, heavy hexagonal type and shall be
madebythehotforgedprocess.
Thelengthofthestuds/boltsshouldbesuchthatminimumtwothreadsshouldbeoutof
thenutoneitherside.
Allthestud/boltshouldhavemetallurgicalcertificatesincaseofalloy/SSmetallurgywith
identifiedcolourmarkingatthestudends/boltsideface.
HeadsofjackscrewsandM/Cboltsshallbeheavyhexagonaltype.Jackscrewendshallbe
rounded.
Whereverbolttensioningisspecifiedstudboltlengthshallbelongerbyminimumone
diametertosuitbolttensioner.Excessthreadsshallbeprotectedbyathreadednut.
2.0 Inspection&testing
Allitemsandtheirpartsshallbesubjectedtoallmandatoryaswellas
supplementary(whereverspecified)testsandcheckscalledforintherespective
codes/standards/datasheets.
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Rev.
A
Theexaminingpersonnelshallhavetherequisitequalificationandexperience.
Clientanditsauthorizedrepresentativereservetherighttovetandsuggestchangesin
vendorsprocedures.
VendorsworksandfacilitiesshallbeaccessibletotheClient/Representativeatall
reasonabletimes.
Testreportsforallmandatoryaswellassupplementarytestswhereverspecifiedshallbe
furnished.
PositivematerialidentificationtestatvendorsworksshallbedoneasperStandard
specificationforpositivematerialidentificationPMIatvendorsworks,6810001.
4.0Marking
Allitemsshallbemarked(stamped/etched)inaccordancewiththeapplicable
code/standard/specification.Inaddition,theitemcode,ifavailable,shallalsobemarked.
Foreaseofidentification,thecolourofpaintedstrip(whereverrequired)shallbeasper
theapplicablestandard.
Paintorinkformarkingshallnotcontainanyharmfulmetalormetalsaltswhichcan
causecorrosiveattackeitherordinarilyorinservice.Specialitems/smalleritemsshall
haveattachedcorrosionresistanttagprovidingsalientfeatures.
5.0Despatch
Allitemsshallbedry,cleanandfreefrommoisture,dirtandlooseforeign
materialofall
kinds.
Allitemsshallbeprotectedfromrust,corrosion,andmechanicaldamageduring
transportation,shipmentandstorage.
Rustpreventiveonmachinedsurfacestobeweldedshallnotbeharmfulto
weldingandshallbeeasilyremovablewithapetroleumsolvent.
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Endsshallbesuitablyprotected,andtheprotectorsshallbesecurelyandtightly
attached.
Eachvarietyandsizeofitemshallbesuppliedinseparatepackagingmarked
withthepurchaseorderno.,itemcode(ifavailable),andthesalient
specifications.
Carbonsteel,LTCSandlowalloysteelvalvesshallbepaintedwithonecoatof
inorganiczincsilicateprimer.
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AnnexureE
CLEARANCES
OVERHEADCLEARANCES
Equipment,structure,platforms,piping&itssupportsshallbearrangedtoprovidethe
followingclearancesoverhead:
Overrailroads,topofrailtobottomofanyobstruction.7m
Overplantroadsformajormobileequipment.7m
Oversecondaryroads(bottomofpipe)andaccess5m
waysformobileequipment.
Overgrade&bottomofpipe(insidebatterylimit)3.5m
atpumprowaccessway.
Overwalkways,passways&platformstonearest2.2m
obstructionandinsidebuilding.
Overexchangersatgrade,shellcoverchannelend.1.5m
HORIZONTALCLEARANCES:
Betweenexchangers(aislesbetweenpiping).0.9m
Aroundpumps(aislesbetweenpiping).0.9m
Firedheaterstopumpshandlingflammablestock.15m
Firedheaterstootherflammablecontaining15m
equipmentnotcloselyassociatedwithheaters.
Atdriverendofpumps,wheretruckaccessreqd3.0m
Rev.
A
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Atdriverendofpumps,wheretruckaccessnotreqd1.8m
Atshellcoverendofexchangersatgrade,1.3m
foraccessway.
Betweenshellsofadjacenthorizontalvessels.1.2m
PIPEBERTHING:
Underground300mmminimumcleargapbetweenpipes
AbovegroundNormalFlangetobarepipe(orinsulation)plus25mm
EQUIPMENTSPACING:
SmallpumpsMountedoncommonfoundationswith
(3.7kw&less)suitablecentretocentredistance.
Mediumpumps900mmclearaisle
(22.5kw&less)
Largerpumps900mmclearaisle
(above22.5kw)
Exchangers&900mmminimumclearaisle
otherequipment
onstructures
PLATFORMS:
Towers,vertical&horizontalvessels:
Distanceofplatformbelowcentrelineof9001050mm
manholeflangesideplatform
Widthofmanholeplatformfrommanhole900mm
Rev.
A
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covertooutsideedgeofplatform
Platformextensionbeyondcentrelineofmanhole900mm
sideplatform
Distanceofplatformbelowundersideofflange175mm
headplatform
Widthofplatformfromthreesidesofmanhole750mm
headplatform
Rev.
A

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Title:PIPINGDESIGNPHILOSOPHY

In case of a turbine driven compressor, if exhaust steam is condensed, turbine and

Line condition (#)

Line condition (#)

Line condition (#)

Line condition ($)

Line condition ($)

Line condition ($)

2" & Above

If metallic/spiral wound gasket is used

2" & above

For CS (Other than Cat-D), AS &

2" & above

2" & above

2" & above

For SS (Other than Cryo)

For CAT-D service

When specified by Process

Except under Cat-D service, as

a) Class 600 & above

Classes (as per ASME B16.5)

Category-M services as per

Gasket or Strip material

300 & 600

300 & 600

BASIC SPAN (L) M

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