ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION

Artificial insemination (AI) is the deliberate introduction of sperm into a

female's uterus or cervix for the purpose of achieving a pregnancy through in vivo
fertilization by means other than sexual intercourse. The first reported case of artificial
insemination by donor occurred in 1884.

Types of Artificial Insemination

a. Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

involves injection of washed sperm into the uterus with a catheter

b. Intracervical insemination (ICI)

involves injection of unwashed or raw semen into the cervix with a needleless
syringe

c. Intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination (IUTPI)

involves injection of washed sperm into both the uterus and fallopian tubes

d. Intratubal insemination)

involves injection of washed sperm into the fallopian tube

The pregnancy or success rates for artificial insemination are 10 to 15% per menstrual
cycle using ICI, and 1520% per cycle for IUI. In IUI, about 60 to 70% have achieved
pregnancy after 6 cycles
Classification of Artificial Insemination According to the Source of the Seeds
(Sperm)
1. A.I.H. (Artificial Insemination Husband or Homologous Insemination) the
sperm comes from the husband.
2. A.I.D. (Artificial Insemination Donor or Heterologous Insemination) the sperm
comes from a donor.
3. A.I.H.D. (Artificial Insemination Husband Donor or Confused Artificial
Insemination) comes from the combination of the sperm of the husband and a third
party
Kind of Fertility ProblemThat Artificial Insemination Can Be Used
a. men who have very low sperm counts or sperm that arent strong enough to swim
through the
cervix and up to into the fallopian tubes.
b. option for women have endometriosis or abnormalities of any of their reproductive organ
c. women with unreceptive cervical mucus
d. male partner is impotent
e. lesbian couple, single woman who does not have or want a male partner

Before artificial insemination is turned to as the solution to impregnate a woman,

doctors will require an examination of both the male and female involved in order to
remove any and all physical hindrances that are preventing them from naturally achieving a

pregnancy. The couple is also given a fertility test to determine the motility, number, and
viability of the male's sperm and the success of the female's ovulation.
Legal restrictions
Some countries restrict artificial insemination in a variety of ways. For example,
some countries do not permit AI for single women, and some Muslim countries do
not permit the use of donor sperm.
As of May 2013, the following European countries permit medically assisted AI for
single women:

Armenia Belarus

Belgium

Bulgaria

Cyprus

Denmark

Estonia

Finland

Germany

Greece

Hungary

Iceland

Ireland

Latvia

Macedonia

Moldova

Montenegro

Netherlands

Romania

Russia

Spain

Ukraine

United Kingdom

Social implications

One of the key issues arising from the rise of dependency on assisted reproductive
technology (ARTs) is the pressure placed on couples to conceive; 'where children are highly
desired, parenthood is culturally mandatory, and childlessness socially unacceptable'.

There is no problem if the spouses have authorized or ratified the

insemination in a written instrument which they signed freely and voluntarily
without deception before the birth of the child. For then, the status of the
child is indubitably legitimate by express provision of law.

The child will be illegitimate if the wife was subjected to artificial insemination
without her consent or against her will because it is a patent violation of the law63 which
requires the consent of both the husband and the wife to the procedure of artificial
insemination.
Morality in Catholic Church
According to some Catholic literature, "To achieve union but not children by
means of contraceptives and to achieve children but not union by means of artificial
insemination are both equally wrong." Heterosexual intercourse is viewed by some in
the Catholic community as a sacramental act meant to be experienced only by
married couples; it is viewed as a physical representation of the spiritual unity of
marriage between a husband and wife.