ELECTRICITY
1.
ELECTRIC CURRENT :
Electric charges in motion constitute an electric current. Any medium having practically free electric
charges , free to migrate is a conductor of electricity. The electric charge flows from higher potential
energy state to lower potential energy state. Positive charge flows from higher to lower potential and
negative charge flows from lower to higher. Metals such as gold, silver, copper, aluminium etc. are good
conductors.
2.
3.
Q
Coulomb
Q
=
= ampere .
t
sec ond
t
dq
Ampere is the unit of current . If i is not constant then i =
, where dq is net charge transported at
dt
a section in time dt.
In a current carrying conductor we can define a vector which gives the direction as current per unit
normal, cross sectional area.
Thus J = n or I = J S
S
Where n is the unit vector in the direction of the flow of current.
For random J or S, we use I = J ds
4.
RELATION IN J, E AND D :
In conductors drift vol. of electrons is proportional to the electric field in side the conductor
as d = E
where is the mobility of electrons
I
current density is given as J =
= ne d
A
= ne(E) = E
1
where = ne is called conductivity of material and we can also write =
resistivity
5.
P. No. 1
6.
ELECTRICAL RESISTANCE :
The property of a substance which opposes the flow of electric current through it is termed as electrical
resistance. Electrical resistance depends on the size, geometery, temperature and internal structure of the
conductor.
7.
LAW OF RESISTANCE :
The resistance R offered by a conductor depends on the following factors :
R L (length of the conductor) ;
l
(cross section area of the conductor)
A
l
.
A
Where is the resistivity of the material of the conductor at the given temperature . It is also known as
specific resistance of the material .
at a given temperature R =
8.
9.
OHM'S LAW :
Ohm's law is the most fundamental of all the laws in electricity . It says that the current through the cross
section or the conductor is proportional to the applied potential difference under the given physical
condition . V = R I . Ohm's law is applicable to only metalic conductors .
10.
KRICHHOFF'S LAW'S :
I - Law (Junction law or Nodal Analysis) :This law is based on law of conservation of charge . It
states that " The algebric sum of the currents meeting at a point is zero " or total currents entering a
junction equals total current leaving the junction .
Iin = Iout. It is also known as KCL (Kirchhoff's current law) .
II - Law (Loop analysis) :The algebric sum of all the voltages in closed
circuit is zero.
IR + EMF = 0 in a closed loop . The closed loop can be traversed
in any direction . While traversing a loop if higher potential point is
entered, put a + ve sign in expression or if lower potential point is
entered put a negative sign .
V1 V2 +V3 V4 = 0. Boxes may contain resistor or battery or any other element (linear or non-linear).
It is also known as KVL (Kirchhoff's voltage law) .
P. No. 2
11.
COMBINATION OF RESISTANCES :
A number of resistances can be connected and all the
complecated combinations can be reduced to two different types,
namely series and parallel .
(i)
RESISTANCE IN SERIES :
When the resistances are connected end toend then they are said to be in series . The current
through each resistor is same . The effective resistance appearing across the battery .
R = R1 + R2 + R3 + ................ + Rn and
V = V1 + V2 + V3 + ................ + Vn .
The voltage across a resistor is proportional to the resistance
V1 =
(ii)
R1
R1R 2 .........R n
V;V2 =
R2
R1R 2 .........R n
V ;
etc
RESISTANCE IN PARALLEL :
A parallel circuit of resistors is one in which the same voltage is applied across all the
components in a parallel grouping of resistors R1, R2, R3, ........, Rn .
CONCLUSIONS :
(a)
Potential difference across each resistor is same .
(b)
I = I1 + I2 + I3 + .......... In .
(c)
(d)
1 1 1 1
1
..........
.
R R1 R 2 R 3
Rn
Current in different resistors is inversally
proportional to the resistance .
I1 : I2 : ........... In =
I1 =
G1
1 1 1
1
: : :..........:
.
R1 R 2 R 3
Rn
G1G 2 .........G n
I , I2 =
G2
G1G 2 .........G n
I , etc .
I
= Conductance of a resistor .
R
EMF OF A CELL & ITS INTERNAL RESISTANCE :
If a cell of emf E and internal resistance r be connected with a resistance R the total resistance of
the circuit is (R + r) .
E
E
I=
;
VAB =
where
R r
R r
where G =
12.
GROUPING OF CELLS :
(i)
CELLS IN SERIES :
Let there be n cells each of emf E , arranged in series.Let r be the internal resistance of each cell.
nE
The total emf = n E . Current in the circuit I =
.
R nr
If nr << R then I =
nE
R
If nr >> R then I =
(ii)
CELLS IN PARALLEL :
If m cells each of emf E & internal resistance r be connected in parallel and if this
combination be connected to an external resistance then the emf of the circuit = E .
Internal resistance of the circuit =
I=
(iii)
r
.
m
mE
E
=
.
r
mR r
R m
If mR << r ; I =
mE
r
If mR >> r ; I =
E
R
R=
&
mE
.
R mr
n
mr
n
mr
= internal resistance of battery .
n
nE mE
.
2r 2R
WHEAT STONE NETWORK :
When current through the galvanometer is zero (null point or balance
Imax =
P R
=
. When PS > QR; VC < VD & PS <QR ; VC > VD or
Q S
PS = QR products of opposite arms are equal. Potential difference
between C & D at null point is zero . The null point is not affected by
resistance of G & E. It is not affected even if the positions of G & E are
inter changed. ICD (QR PS) .
point)
14.
POTENTIOMETER :
A potentiometer is a linear conductor of uniform cross-section with a steady current set up in it. This
maintains a uniform potential gradient along the length of the wire . Any potential difference which is less
then the potential difference maintained across the potentiometer wire can be measured using this . The
potentiometer equation is
E1 I1
.
E 2 I2
P. No. 4
15.
AMMETER :
It is a modified form of suspended coil galvanometer it is used to measure
current . A shunt (small resistance) is connected in parallel with
galvanometer to convert into ammeter . S =
Ig R g
II g
; An ideal ammeter
VOLTMETER :
A high resistance is put in series with galvanometer . It is used to measure potential difference .
Ig =
Vo
R g R
R , Ideal voltmeter .
17.
RELATIVE POTENTIAL :
While solving an electric circuit it is convinient to chose a reference point and assigning its voltage as
zero. Then all other potential are measured with respect to this point . This point is also called the
common point .
18.
ELECTRICAL POWER :
The energy liberated per second in a device is called its power . The electrical power P delivered by an
electrical device is given by P = VI , where V = potential difference across device & I = current. If the
current enters the higher potential point of the device then power is consumed by it (i.e. acts as load) . If
the current enters the lower potential point then the device supplies power (i.e. acts as source) .
19.
V2
Power consumed by a resistor P
= VI =
.
R
HEATING EFFECT OF ELECTRIC CURRENT :
When a current is passed through a resistor energy is wested in over coming the resistances of the wire
. This energy is converted into heat .
20.
V2
t Joule .
W = VIt
Joule ;=
R
JOULES LAW OF ELECTRICAL HEATING :
The heat generated (in joules) when a current of I ampere flows through a resistance of R ohm for
T second is given by :
= I2R
Joule ; = I2 Rt
I 2 RT
Calories .
4.2
If current is variable passing through the conductor then we use for heat produced in resistance in time
H = I2 RT Joules
0 to t is:
2
H = I Rdt
0
21.
EXERCISE # I
Q.1
A current of 5 amp. is passing through a metallic wire of cross sectional area 4 106 m2. If the density
of the charge carrier in the wire is 5 1026/m3. Find the drift speed of the electrons.
Q.2
A uniform copper wire of mass 2.33 103 kg caries a current of 1 A, when 1.7 V is applied across it.
Calculate its length and area of cross section. If the wire is uniformly stretched to double its length,
calculate the new resistance. Density of Cu is 8.92 103 kg m3 and resistivity is 1.7 108 m.
Q.3
Figure shows, as function of time, the energy dissipated by current in a resistor. Rank the three lettered
time period according to (a) the current through the resistor and (b) the rate of dissipation in the resistor,
greatest first.
Q.4
In the circuit shown, if the current in the vertical resistance is equal to I then what is the potential of the
battery ?
Q.5
In a electric circuit, a cell of constant E.M.F 6 V and internal resistance 2 is connected in closed circuit
with an external resistance. The potential difference across the terminals of the cell is 5 volt. If the
external resistance is doubled, the potential difference across the terminals of the cell is ________.
Q.6
The four terminal network shown in the figure consists of four equal resistors and is a part of a larger
circuit. The points A, B & C are at same potential. The p.d. between A and D is 40 volts. The p.d.
between O and D is
Q.7
P. No. 6
Q.8
Q.9
Find the equivalent resistance of the circuit between points A and B shown in
figure is: (each branch is of resistance = 1)
Q.10
Q.11
If a cell of constant E.M.F. produces the same amount of the heat during the same time in two independent
resistors R1 and R2, when they are separately connected across the terminals of the cell, one after the
another, find the internal resistance of the cell.
Q.12
In the circuit shown in figure, all wires have equal resistance r. Find the
equivalent resistance between A and B.
Q.14
Q.15
P. No. 7
Q.16
If the switches S1, S2 and S3 in the figure are arranged such that
current through the battery is minimum, find the voltage across
points A and B.
Q.17
Q.18
Q.19
In the figure shown for which values of R1 and R2 the balance point for Jockey is at 40 cm from A. When
R2 is shunted by a resistance of 10 , balance shifts to 50 cm. Find R1 and R2. (AB = 1 m) :
Q.20
P. No. 8
EXERCISE # II
Q.1(a) The current density across a cylindrical conductor of radius R varies according to the equation
r
J = J 0 1 , where r is the distance from the axis. Thus the current density is a maximum Jo at the
R
axis r = 0 and decreases linearly to zero at the surface r = R. Calculate the current in terms of Jo and the
R2.
Suppose that instead the current density is a maximum Jo at the surface and decreases linearly to zero at
r
the axis so that J = J0 . Calculate the current.
R
c
(b)
Q.2
Q.3
The current I through a rod of a certain metallic oxide is given by I = 0.2 V5/2, where V is the potential
difference across it. The rod is connected in series with a resistance to a 6V battery of negligible internal
resistance. What value should the series resistance have so that :
the current in the circuit is 0.44
the power dissipated in the rod is twice that dissipated in the resistance.
(i)
(ii)
Q.4
(i)
(ii)
Q.5
A person decides to use his bath tub water to generate electric power to run a 40 watt bulb. The bath
tube is located at a height of 10 m from the ground & it holds 200 litres of water. If we install a water
driven wheel generator on the ground, at what rate should the water drain from the bath tube to light
bulb? How long can we keep the bulb on, if the bath tub was full initially. The efficiency of generator is
90%.(g = 10m/s2)
Q.6
(i)
(ii)
Q.7
A rod of length L and cross-section area A lies along the x-axis between x = 0 and x = L. The material
obeys Ohms law and its resistivity varies along the rod according to (x) = 0 ex/L. The end of the rod
at x = 0 is at a potential V0 and it is zero at x = L.
Find the total resistance of the rod and the current in the wire.
Find the electric potential in the rod as a function of x.
(a)
(b)
P. No. 9
Q.8
An ideal cell having a steady emf of 2 volt is connected across the potentiometer wire of length 10 m.
The potentiometer wire is of magnesium and having resistance of 11.5 /m. An another cell gives a null
point at 6.9 m. If a resistance of 5 is put in series with potentiometer wire, find the new position of the
null point.
Q.9
An enquiring physics student connects a cell to a circuit and measures the current drawn from the
cell to I1. When he joins a second identical cell is series with the first, the current becomes I2. When
the cells are connected are in parallel, the current through the circuit is I3. Show that relation between
the current is 3 I3 I2 = 2 I1 (I2 + I3)
Q.10
Q.11
Q.12
(a)
(b)
Q.13
In the primary circuit of potentiometer the rheostat can be varied from 0 to 10. Initially it is at minimum
resistance (zero).
Find the length AP of the wire such that the galvanometer shows zero
deflection.
Now the rheostat is put at maximum resistance (10) and the switch S is
closed. New balancing length is found to 8m. Find the internal resistance r
of the 4.5V cell.
A galvanometer (coil resistance 99 ) is converted into a ammeter using a shunt of 1and connected as
shown in the figure (i). The ammeter reads 3A. The same galvanometer is converted into a voltmeter by
connecting a resistance of 101 in series. This voltmeter is connected as shown in figure(ii). Its reading
is found to be 4/5 of the full scale reading. Find
(a)
(b)
(c)
. The appropriate terminals of a cell of emf 1.5 volt and internal resistance
1is connected to one end of the wire, and the other terminal of the cell is connected through a sensitive
galvanometer to a slider on the wire. What length of the wire will be required to produce zero deflection
of the galvanometer ? How will be balancing change (a) when a coil of resistance 5 is placed in series
with the a accumulator, (b) the cell of 1.5 volt is shunted with 5 resistor ?
P. No. 10
EXERCISE # III
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
A 100 W bulb B1, and two 60 W bulbs B2 and B3, are connected to a
250 V source, as shown in the figure. Now W1, W2 and W3 are the
output powers of the bulbs B1, B2 and B3 respectively. Then
(A) W1 > W2 = W3
(B) W1 > W2 > W3
(C) W1 < W2 = W3
(D) W1 <W2 < W3
[JEE 2002 (Scr), 3]
Q.5
(a)
(b)
(c)
P. No. 11
Q.6
Arrange the order of power dissipated in the given circuits, if the same current is passing through all
circuits and each resistor is 'r'
[JEE 2003 (Scr)]
(I)
(II)
(III)
(IV)
(A) P2 > P3 > P4 > P1 (B) P3 > P2 > P4 > P1 (C) P4 > P3 > P2 > P1 (D) P1 > P2 > P3 > P4
Q.7
Q.8
Q.9
Q.10
For the post office box arrangement to determine the value of unknown resistance,
the unknown resistance should be connected between [JEE 2004 (Scr)]
(A) B and C
(B) C and D
(C) A and D
(D) B1 and C1
Q.11
Draw the circuit for experimental verification of Ohm's law using a source of variable D.C. voltage, a
main resistance of 100 , two galvanometers and two resistances of values 106 and 103 respectively.
Clearly show the positions of the voltmeter and the ammeter.
[JEE 2004]
Q.12
Q.13
A galvanometer has resistance 100and it requires current 100A for full scale deflection. A resistor
0.1is connected to make it an ammeter. The smallest current required in the circuit to produce the full
scale deflection is
[JEE 2005 (Scr)]
(A) 1000.1 mA
(B) 1.1 mA
(C) 10.1 mA
(D) 100.1 mA
P. No. 12
Q.14
Q.15
[JEE 2006]
Q.16
A resistance of 2 is connected across one gap of a metre-bridge (the length of the wire is 100 cm) and
an unknown resistance, greater than 2 , is connected across the other gap. When these resistances are
interchanged, the balance point shifts by 20 cm. Neglecting any corrections, the unknown resistance is
(A) 3
(B) 4
(C) 5
(D) 6
[JEE 2007]
Q.17
Figures shows three resistor configurations R1, R2 and R3 connected to 3V battery. If the power
dissipated by the configuration R1, R2 and R3 is P1, P2 and P3 respectively, then Figure :[JEE 2008]
Statement-1 : In a Meter Bridge experiment, null point for an unknown resistance is measured. Now,
the unknown resistance is put inside an enclosure maintained at a higher temperature. The null point can
be obtained at the same point as before by decreasing the value of the standard resistance. [JEE 2008]
Statement-2 : Resistance of a metal increases with increase in temperature.
(A) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true ; statement-2 is a correct explanation for statement-1
(B) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is true ; statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for statement-1
(C) Statement-1 is true, statement-2 is false
(D) Statement-1 is false, statement-2 is true
P. No. 13
QUESTION BANK ON
ONLY ONE OPTION IS CORRECT.
Q.1
Two wires each of radius of cross section r but of different materials are connected together end to end
(in series). If the densities of charge carriers in the two wires are in the ratio 1 : 4, the drift velocity of
electrons in the two wires will be in the ratio:
(A) 1 : 2
(B) 2 : 1
(C) 4 : 1
(D) 1 : 4
Q.2
In a wire of cross-section radius r, free electrons travel with drift velocity v when a current I flows
through the wire. What is the current in another wire of half the radius and of the same material when the
drift velocity is 2v?
(A) 2I
(B) I
(C) I/2
(D) I/4
Q.3
An insulating pipe of cross-section area 'A' contains an electrolyte which has two types of ions their
charges being e and +2e. A potential difference applied between the ends of the pipe result in the
drifting of the two types of ions, having drift speed = v (ve ion) and v/4 (+ve ion). Both ions have the
same number per unit volume = n. The current flowing through the pipe is
(A) nev A/2
(B) nev A/4
(C) 5nev A/2
(D) 3nev A/2
Q.4
A current I flows through a uniform wire of diameter d when the mean electron drift velocity is V. The
same current will flow through a wire of diameter d/2 made of the same material if the mean drift velocity
of the electron is :
(A) v/4
(B) v/2
(C) 2v
(D) 4v
Q.5
Q.6
A uniform copper wire carries a current i amperes and has p carriers per metre3. The length of the wire
is metres and its cross-section area is s metre2. If the charge on a carrier is q coulombs, the drift
velocity in ms1 is given by
(A) i/sq
(B) i/psq
(C) psq/i
(D) i/psq
Q.7
Q.8
Q.9
Q.10
A piece of copper and another of germanium are cooled from room temperature to 80 K. The resistance
of :
(A) each of them increases
(B) each of them decreases
(C) copper increases and germanium decreases
(D) copper decreases and germanium increases.
Q.11
A storage battery is connected to a charger for charging with a voltage of 12.5Volts. The internal resistance of
the storage battery is 1. When the charging current is 0.5 A, the emf of the storage battery is:
(A) 13 Volts
(B) 12.5 Volts
(C) 12 Volts
(D) 11.5 Volts
Q.12
Q.13
A battery consists of a variable number n of identical cells having internal resistance connected in series.
The terminals of the battery are short circuited and the current I measured.
Which one of the graph below shows the relationship between I and n?
(A)
Q.14
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
In previous problem, if the cell had been connected in parallel (instead of in series) which of the above
graphs would have shown the relationship between total current I and n?
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Q.15
Q.16
Q.17
Q.18
Two batteries one of the emf 3V, internal resistance 1 ohm and the other of emf 15 V,
internal resistance 2 ohm are connected in series with a resistance R as shown. If the
potential difference between a and b is zero the resistance of R in ohm is
(A) 5
(B) 7
(C) 3
(D) 1
P. No. 15
Q.19
A wire of length L and 3 identical cells of negligible internal resistances are connected in series. Due to
the current, the temperature of the wire is raised by T in time t. N number of similar cells is now
connected in series with a wire of the same material and cross section but of length 2L. The temperature
of the wire is raised by the same amount T in the same time t. The value of N is :
(A) 4
(B) 6
(C) 8
(D) 9
Q.20
A cell of emf E has an internal resistance r & is connected to rheostat. When resistance R of rheostat is
changed correct graph of potential difference across it is
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Q.21
The battery in the diagram is to be charged by the generator G. The generator has
a terminal voltage of 120 volts when the charging current is10 amperes. The battery
has an emf of 100 volts and an internal resistance of 1 ohm. In order to charge the
battery at 10 amperes charging current, the resistance R should be set at
(A) 0.1
(B) 0.5
(C) 1.0
(D) 5.0
Q.22
A wire of cross-section area A, length L1, resistivity 1 and temperature coefficient of resistivity 1 is
connected to a second wire of length L2, resistivity 2, temperature coefficient of resistivity 2 and the
same area A, so that wire carries same current. Total resistance R is independent of temperature for
small temperature change if (Thermal expansion effect is negligible)
(A) 1 = 2
(B) 1L1 1 + 2L2 2 = 0
(C) L1 1 + L2 2 = 0
(D) None
The resistance of all the wires between any two adjacent dots is R.
Then equivalent resistance between A and B as shown in figure is :
(A) 7/3 R
(B) 7/6 R
(C) 14/8 R
(D) None of these
Q.25
Consider an infinte ladder network shown in figure. A voltage V is applied between the points A and B.
This applied value of voltage is halved after each section.
(A) R1/R2 = 1
(C) R1/R2 = 2
(D) R1/R2 = 3
P. No. 16
Q.26
In the given circuit the current flowing through the resisitance 20 ohms is 0.3
ampere while the ammetre reads 0.8 ampere. What is the value of R1?
(A) 30 ohms (B) 40 ohms (C) 50 ohms (D) 60 ohms
Q.27
A brass disc and a carbon disc of same radius are assembled alternatively to make a cylindrical conductor.
The resistance of the cylinder is independent of the temperature. The ratio of thickness of the brass disc
to that of the carbon disc is [ is temperature coefficient of resistance & Neglect linear expansion ]
(A)
Q.28
C C
BB
(B)
C B
BC
(C)
BC
C B
(D)
BB
C C
(D) none
Q.29
Q.30
One end of a Nichrome wire of length 2L and cross-sectional area A is attatched to an end of another
Nichrome wire of length L and cross-sectional area 2A. If the free end of the longer wire is at an electric
potential of 8.0 volts, and the free end of the shorter wire is at an electric potential of 1.0 volt, the
potential at the junction of the two wires is equal to
(A) 2.4 V
(B) 3.2 V
(C) 4.5 V
(D) 5.6 V
Q.31
Q.32
11R
7
(B)
18R
11
(C)
7R
11
(D)
11R
18
Power generated across a uniform wire connected across a supply is H. If the wire is cut into n equal
parts and all the parts are connected in parallel across the same supply, the total power generated in the
wire is
H
H
(B) n2H
(C) nH
(D)
2
n
n
Q.33 A constant voltage is applied between the two ends of a uniform metallic wire. Some heat is developed
in it. The heat developed is doubled if
(A) both the length and the radius of the wire are halved.
(B) both the length and the radius of the wire are doubled
(C) the radius of the wire is doubled
(D) the length of the wire is doubled
(A)
P. No. 17
Q.34
When electric bulbs of same power, but different marked voltage are connected in series across the
power line, their brightness will be :
(A) proportional to their marked voltage
(B) inversely proportional to their marked voltage
(C) proportional to the square of their marked voltage
(D) inversely proportional to the square of their marked voltage
(E) the same for all of them
Q.35
Two bulbs rated (25 W 220V) and (100W 220V) are connected in series to a 440 V line. Which
one is likely to fuse?
(A) 25 W bulb
(B) 100 W bulb
(C) both bulbs
(D) none
Q.36
Rate of dissipation of Joules heat in resistance per unit volume is (symbols have usual meaning)
(A) E
(B) J
(C) J E
(D) None
Q.37
If the length of the filament of a heater is reduced by 10%, the power of the heater will
(A) increase by about 9%
(B) increase by about 11%
(C) increase by about 19%
(D) decrease by about 10%
Q.38
A heater A gives out 300 W of heat when connected to a 200 V d.c. supply. A second heater B gives out
600 W when connected to a 200 v d.c. supply. If a series combination of the two heaters is connected
to a 200 V d.c. supply the heat output will be
(A) 100 W
(B) 450 W
(C) 300 W
(D) 200 W
Q.39
Two bulbs one of 200 volts, 60 watts & the other of 200 volts, 100 watts are connected in series to a
200 volt supply. The power consumed will be
(A) 37.5 watt
(B) 160 watt
(C) 62.5 watt
(D) 110 watt
Q.40
Three 60 W light bulbs are mistakenly wired in series and connected to a 120 V power supply. Assume
the light bulbs are rated for single connection to 120 V. With the mistaken connection, the power dissipated
by each bulb is:
(A) 6.7 W
(B) 13.3 W
(C) 20 W
(D) 40 W
Q.41
(B) 27/4
(C) 4/9
Q.42
Q.43
In the circuit shown, the resistances are given in ohms and the
battery is assumed ideal with emf equal to 3.0 volts. The resistor
that dissipates the most power is
(A) R1
(B) R2
(C) R3
(D) R4
(D) 4/27
P. No. 18
Q.44
What amount of heat will be generated in a coil of resistance R due to a charge q passing through it if the
current in the coil decreases to zero uniformly during a time interval t
4 q 2R
(A)
3 t
Q.45
q 2R
(B) ln
2t
2q 2 R
(C)
3t
(D) ln
2t
q 2R
The variation of current (I) and voltage (V) is as shown in figure A. The variation
of power P with current I is best shown by which of the following graph
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
Q.46
When an ammeter of negligible internal resistance is inserted in series with circuit it reads 1A. When the
voltmeter of very large resistance is connected across X it reads 1V. When the point A and B are shorted
by a conducting wire, the voltmeter measures 10 V across the battery. The internal resistance of the
battery is equal to
(A) zero
(B) 0.5
(C) 0.2
(D) 0.1
Q.47
i
2i
, iDC = ,
6
3
i
i
i
, iGF = , iHE = , choose the branch in which current is zero
2
6
6
(A) BG
(B) FC
(C) ED
(D) none
iHA =
Q.48
Q.49
A galvanometer has a resistance of 20 and reads full-scale when 0.2 V is applied across it. To convert
it into a 10 A ammeter, the galvanometer coil should have a
(A) 0.01 resistor connected across it
(B) 0.02 resistor connected across it
(C) 200 resistor connected in series with it (D) 2000 resistor connected in series with it
Q.50
Q.51
A galvanometer coil has a resistance 90 and full scale deflection current 10 mA. A 910 resistance is
connected in series with the galvanometer to make a voltmeter. If the least count of the voltmeter is 0.1V,
the number of divisions on its scale is
(A) 90
(B) 91
(C) 100
(D) none
P. No. 19
Q.52
In the circuit shown the resistance of voltmeter is 10,000 ohm and that of ammeter
is 20 ohm. The ammeter reading is 0.10 Amp and voltmeter reading is 12 volt.
Then R is equal to
(A) 122
(B) 140
(C) 116
(D)100
Q.53
Q.54
ln a balanced wheat stone bridge, current in the galvanometer is zero. It remains zero when:
[1] battery emf is increased
[2] all resistances are increased by 10 ohms
[3] all resistances are made five times
[4] the battery and the galvanometer are interchanged
(A) only [1] is correct
(B) [1], [2] and [3] are correct
(C) [1], [3] and [4] are correct
(D) [1] and [3] are correct
Q.55
Q.56
In the figure shown for gives values of R1 and R2 the balance point for
Jockey is at 40 cm from A. When R2 is shunted by a resistance of 10 ,
balance shifts to 50 cm. R1 and R2 are (AB = 1 m):
(A)
10
, 5
3
(C) 10 , 15
(B) 20 , 30
(D) 5 ,
15
Q.57
Q.58
Q.59
A potentiometer wire has length 10 m and resistance 10. It is connected to a battery of EMF 11 volt
and internal resistance 1 , then the potential gradient in the wire is
(A) 10 V/m
(B) 1 V/m
(C) 0.1 V/m
(D) none
Q.60
The length of a potentiometer wire is l. A cell of emf E is balanced at a length l/3 from the positive end of
the wire. If the length of the wire is increased by l/2. At what distance will the same cell give a balance
point.
(A)
Q.61
2l
3
(B)
l
2
(C)
l
6
(D)
4l
3
4L
9
(B)
5L
9
(C)
7L
18
(D)
11L
18
Q.62
Q.63
Q.64
Q.65
1
m
6
(B)
1
m
3
(C) 25 cm
(D) 50 cm
P. No. 21
Q.66
The diagram besides shows a circuit used in an experiment to determine the emf and internal resistance
of the cell C. A graph was plotted of the potential difference V between the terminals of the cell against
the current I, which was varied by adjusting the rheostat. The graph is shown on the right ; x and y are the
intercepts of the graph with the axes as shown. What is the internal resistance of the cell ?
(A) x
(C) x/y
Q.67
(B) y
(D) y/x
Which of the following wiring diagrams could be used to experimentally determine R using ohm's law?
Assume an ideal voltmeter and an ideal ammeter.
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
A metallic conductor of irregular cross-section is as shown in the figure. A constant potential difference
is applied across the ends (1) and (2). Then :
(A) the current at the cross-section P equals the current at the cross-section Q
(B) the electric field intensity at P is less than that at Q.
(C) the rate of heat generated per unit time at Q is greater than that at P
(D) the number of electrons crossing per unit area of cross-section at P is less than that at Q.
Q.2
Which of the following quantities do not change when a resistor connected to a battery is heated due to
the current?
(A) drift speed
(B) resistivity
(C) resistance
(D) number of free electrons
Q.3
A current passes through a wire of nonuniform cross section. Which of the following quantities are
independent of the cross-section?
(A) the charge crossing in a given time interval.
(B) drift speed
(C) current density
(D) free-electron density.
Q.4
Q.5
A simple circuit contains an ideal battery and a resistance R. If a second resistor is placed in parallel with
the first,
(A) the potential across R will decrease
(B) the current through R will decreased
(C) the current delivered by the battery will increase
(D) the power dissipated by R will increased.
Q.6
Q.7
A battery is of emf E is being charged from a charger such that positive terminal of the battery is connected
to terminal A of charger and negative terminal of the battery is connected to terminal B of charger. The
internal resistance of the battery is r.
(A) Potential difference across points A and B must be more than E.
(B) A must be at higher potential than B
(C) In battery, current flows from positive terminal to the negative terminal
(D) No current flows through battery
Q.8
Q.9
Q.10
Q.11
P. No. 23
Q.12
A galvanometer may be converted into ammeter or voltmeter. In which of the following cases the resistance
of the device will be the largest ? (Asssume maximum range of galvanometer = 1 mA)
(A) an ammeter of range 10A
(B) a voltmeter of range 5 V
(C) an ammeter of range 5 A
(D) a voltmeter of range 10 V.
Q.13
Q.14
In the circuit shown the readings of ammeter and voltmeter are 4A and
20V respectively. The meters are non ideal, then R is :
(A) 5
(B) less than 5
(C) greater than 5
(D) between 4 & 5
Q.15
A micrometer has a resistance of 100 and a full scale range of 50A. It can be used as a voltmeter or
a higher range ammeter provided a resistance is added to it. Pick the correct range and resistance
combination(s).
(A) 50 V range with 10 k resistance in series. (B) 10 V range with 200 k resistance in series.
(C) 5 mA range with 1 resistance in parallel. (D) 10 mA range with 1 k resistance in parallel.
Q.16
In a potentiometer wire experiment the emf of a battery in the primary circuit is 20V and its internal
resistance is 5. There is a resistance box in series with the battery and the potentiometer wire, whose
resistance can be varied from 120 to 170. Resistance of the potentiometer wire is 75. The following
potential differences can be measured using this potentiometer.
(A) 5V
(B) 6V
(C) 7V
(D) 8V
Q.17
P. No. 24
ANSWER KEY
EXERCISE # I
5m, 5 108m2, 6.8
Q.3
60/11 V
Q.6
30 V
Q.7
Q.8
Q.9
22
35
Q.10
12A, 20W
Q.11
Q.12
3r
5
Q.14
Q.15
600
Q.16
1V
Q.17
46.67 cm
Q.18
4 ohm
Q.19
10
, 5
3
Q.20
20 ohm
Q.1
Q.4
5IR
2
Q.5
Q.2
Q.13 4
R1R 2
EXERCISE # II
Q.1
Q.4
Q.6
Q.2
(k 1) k 2 V0
k
(k 1) 2
(i)
;
(ii)
( k 1)
R3
k
(i) Vab = 12 V, (ii) 3 amp from b to a
R2 3
R1 5
Q.3
Q.7
V0 A e
0 L 1
V0 (e x / L e 1 )
1
R=
;I=
;V=
0 L e 1
A e
1 e 1
Q.10
Q.13
22
V
9
Q.11
eff =
Q.8
7.2 m
EXERCISE # III
Q.1
Q.2
Q.3
Q.4
(c) 8
Q.6
Q.7
P. No. 25
Q.8
Battery should be connected across A and B. Out put can be taken across the terminals A and C or B
and C
Q.9
Q.10
Voltmeter
106
G1
100
Ammeter
G2
Q.11
10-3
Q.12
Q.13
Q.14
Q.17
Q.18
Q.15
Q.16
Q.6
Q.13
Q.20
Q.27
Q.34
Q.41
Q.48
Q.55
Q.62
B
D
D
A
C
D
D
B
A
Q.7
Q.14
Q.21
Q.28
Q.35
Q.42
Q.49
Q.56
Q.63
B
A
C
B
A
D
B
A
D
C
B
C
B
A
C
A
C
A
C
Q.2
Q.9
Q.16
Q.23
Q.30
Q.37
Q.44
Q.51
Q.58
Q.65
C
C
D
A
A
B
A
C
B
B
Q.3
Q.10
Q.17
Q.24
Q.31
Q.38
Q.45
Q.52
Q.59
Q.66
D
D
C
B
D
D
B
D
B
D
Q.4
Q.11
Q.18
Q.25
Q.32
Q.39
Q.46
Q.53
Q.60
Q.67
D
C
C
B
B
A
C
D
B
B
Q.5
Q.12
Q.19
Q.26
Q.33
Q.40
Q.47
Q.54
Q.61
C
B
B
D
B
A
B
C
B
ABCD
ABC
AD
Q.2
Q.8
Q.14
D
BC
C
Q.3
Q.9
Q.15
AD
AC
BC
Q.4
Q.10
Q.16
ACD Q.5
A
Q.11
ABC Q.17
C
AC
A
Q.6
Q.12
A
D
P. No. 26