Patriarcas Orientales

Eastern Patriarchates
In every way as important to an understanding of Asia Minor and the L

the secular authorities, the following lists provide details on the primar
religious leaders of the region. The Eastern Orthodox faith is not as hie
arranged as the Roman church; each Patriarch is considered equal to th
primacy, although Constantinople enjoys pride of place throughout the
world as the chief religious leader of the Imperial City. Included here a
some of the Jacobite (Monophysite) Patriarchs, and Latin (Roman Cath
Patriarchates established during the Crusader epoch.
Contains: Alexandria (O), Antioch (O), Antioch (L), Antioch (J), Antioch (M),
Constantinople (O), Constantinople (L), Jerusalem (O), Jerusalem (L), Jerusalem
Nestorian (incl. Assyrian and Chaldean)
A = Armenian
J = Jacobite (Monophysite)
L = Latin (Roman Catholic)
M = Melkite
O = Greek Orthodox
Coptic, Moscow, Serbian, Ethiopian (incl. Eritrea)
ALEXANDRIA Modern Iskandariyah, in Egypt. The city, founded by Macedonian

occupation in the 4th century BCE, has been of absolutely primary impact to Western culture from
the very beginning. Here was the site of the famous Library and museum, and here saw the writing
of the modern Pentateuch. See also, Egypt, for temporal authorities. And, see Coptic Popes for a list
of those patriarchs.
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Roman era, to 395
St. Mark I the Evangelist...........................43-61 d. 63

Anianus.............................................61-82
Avilius.............................................83-95
Kedron..............................................96-106
Primus.............................................106-118
Justus.............................................118-129
Eumenes............................................131-141
Mark II............................................142-152
Celadion...........................................152-166
Agrippinus.........................................167-178
Julian.............................................178-189
Demetrius..........................................189-232
Heraclas...........................................232-248
St. Dionysius......................................248-264
Maximus............................................265-282
Theonas............................................282-300
St. Peter I........................................300-311
Achillas...........................................312-313
St. Alexander I....................................313-328
St. Athanasius I...................................328-373 opposed by...
Pistus.............................................335-337 and then...
Gregory............................................340-346 and then...
George.............................................357-361 and then...
Lucius.................................................365 d. 378 or aft.
Peter II...........................................373-380 opposed by...
Lucius (restored)..................................375-378
Timothy I..........................................380-385
Byzantine era 395-641
Theophilus I.......................................385-412
St. Cyril I........................................412-444
Dioscorus I........................................444-451
St. Proterius......................................452-457
Timothy II.........................................457-460
Timothy III........................................460-475
Timothy II (restored)..............................475-477
Peter III..............................................477
Timothy III (restored).............................477-482
John I.................................................482
Peter III (restored)...............................482-489
Athanasius II......................................489-496
John II............................................496-505
John III...........................................505-516
Dioscorus II.......................................516-517
Timothy IV.........................................517-535
Theodosius I.......................................535-536
by...
Gainas.................................................535
Paul...............................................537-540
Zoilus.............................................541-551
Apollinarius.......................................551-569
John IV............................................569-579
vacant
St. Eulogius I.....................................581-607
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d. 454
d. 477
d. 482
d. 489
d. 489
d. 566 opposed
d. ?
d. ?
d. ?
St. Theodore.......................................607-609
St. John V.........................................610-619
vacant
George I...........................................621-631
Early Caliphate era 641-750 (Ummayad from 661)
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Cyrus..............................................631-643
Peter IV...........................................643-651
vacant
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Theodore II (Coadjutor).......................fl.
Peter V (Coadjutor)...........................fl.
Peter VI (Coadjutor)..........................fl.
Theophylactus (Coadjutor).....................fl.
Onopsus (Coadjutor)...........................fl.
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680
691
695
711
First Abbasid era 750-868
Cosmas I...........................................727-768
Politianus.........................................768-813
Eustatius..........................................813-817
Christopher I......................................817-841
Sophronius I.......................................841-860
Tulunid era 868-905
Michael I..........................................860-870
Michael II.........................................870-903
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Second Abbasid era 905-935

vacant
Christodoulus......................................907-932
Ikhshidid era 935-969
Eutychius..........................................933-940
Sophronius II..........................................941
Isaac..............................................941-954
Job................................................954-960
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Fatamid era 969-1171
Elias I............................................963-1000
St. Arsenius......................................1000-1010
Theophilus II.....................................1010-1020
George II.........................................1021-1052
Leontius..........................................1052-1059
Alexander II......................................1059-1062
John VI...........................................1062-1100 ?
Eulogius II........................................fl. 1110
Sabbas.............................................fl. 1117
Cyril II...........................................fl. 12th cent.
Theodosius II......................................fl. 12th cent.
Sophronius III................................. < 1166-1171
Ayyubid era 1171-1253
Elias II..........................................1171-1175
Eleutherius.......................................1175-1180
Mark III..........................................1180-1209
Nicholas I........................................1210-1243
Mamluq era 1253-1517
Gregory I.........................................1243-1263
Nicholas II.......................................1263-1276
Athanasius III....................................1276-1316
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Gregory II........................................1316-1354
Gregory III.......................................1354-1366
Niphon............................................1366-1385
Mark IV...........................................1385-1389
Nicholas III......................................1389-1398
Gregory IV........................................1398-1412
Nicholas IV.......................................1412-1417
Athanasius IV.....................................1417-1425
Mark V............................................1425-1435
Philotheus........................................1435-1459
Mark VI...........................................1459-1484
Gregory V.........................................1484-1486
Ottoman era 1517-1805
Joachim...........................................1486-1567
vacant
Silvester.........................................1569-1590
Meletius I........................................1590-1601
Cyril III.........................................1601-1620
Gerasimus I.......................................1620-1636
Metrophanes.......................................1636-1639
Nicephorus........................................1639-1645
Joannicius........................................1645-1657
Paisius...........................................1657-1678
Parthenius I......................................1678-1688
Gerasimus II......................................1688-1710
Samuel............................................1710-1712
Cosmas II.........................................1712-1714
Samuel (restored).................................1714-1723
Cosmas II (restored)..............................1723-1736
Cosmas III........................................1737-1746
Matthew...........................................1746-1766
Cyprian...........................................1766-1783
Gerasimus III.....................................1783-1788
Parthenius II.....................................1788-1805
Khedive era 1805-1953
Theophilus III....................................1805-1825
Hierotheus I......................................1825-1845
Artemius..........................................1845-1847 d. 1852
Hierotheus II.....................................1847-1858
Callinicus........................................1858-1861 d. 1889
Jacob.............................................1861-1865
Nicanor...........................................1866-1869
Sophronius IV.....................................1870-1899
Photius...........................................1900-1925
Meletius II.......................................1926-1935
Nicholas V........................................1936-1939
Modern era 1953-
Christopher II....................................1939-1966 d. 1967
vacant
Nicholas VI.......................................1968-1986
Parthenius III....................................1987-1996
Peter VII.........................................1997-2004
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d. 1681
d. 1714
d. 1723
d. 1736
d. 1775
ALEXANDRIA (Coptic) See these Monophysite patriarchs, who governed not only
Egypt but also Abyssinia as well, within EGYPT.
ANTIOCH The city of Antioch was founded in 300 BCE, as the capital of the Seleucid
Empire. Located at the angle of Asia Minor and the Levant, it has been a center of historical process
from its inception. For the temporal rulers of the city and region, go here.
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Roman era to 395
St. Peter the Apostle...............................45-53 d. 64

Evodius.............................................53-96
St. Ignatius I......................................96-114
Heron..............................................114-126
Cornelius..........................................127-151
Eros...............................................151-169
Theophilus.........................................169-177
Maximinus..........................................177-191
Serapion...........................................191-212
St. Asclepiades....................................212-218
Philetus...........................................218-231
Zebinus............................................231-238
St. Babylas........................................238-250
Fabius.............................................250-253
St. Demetrianus....................................253-< 260
Paul I of Samosata.................................260-272 d. ?
Domnus I...........................................272-273
Timaius............................................273-279
Cyril I............................................279-303 d. 306
Tyrannion..........................................304-314
Vitalius I.........................................314-320
St. Philogonius....................................320-323
Romanus................................................324
St. Eustatius I....................................324-330 d. < 337
Paulinus I.............................................330
Eulalius...........................................331-332
Euphronius.........................................332-333
Flacillus..........................................333-341
Stephen I..........................................342-344 d. ?
Leontius...........................................344-358
Eudoxius...........................................358-359 d. 370
Anianus................................................359 d. ?
St. Meletius I.....................................360-381 opposed by...
Euzoius............................................360-376 opposed by...
Paulinus II........................................362-388 opposed by...
Vitalius II........................................375- ? opposed by...
Dorotheus I (successor to Euzoius).................376-380 d. ?
First Byzantine era 395-637
Flavian I (successor to St. Meletius I)............381-404 opposed by...
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Evagrius (successor to Paulinus II)................388-392

Porphyrius.........................................404-413
Alexander I........................................414-424
Theodotus..........................................424-428
John I.............................................428-441/2
Domnus II........................................441/2-450 d.
Maximus............................................451-455 d.
Basil I............................................455-457
Acacius............................................457-459
Martyrius..........................................459-470 d.
Peter II...........................................470-471 d.
Julian.............................................471-475
Peter II (restored)................................475-476 d.
John II............................................476-477 d.
Stephen II.............................................477
Stephen III........................................477-479
Callandion.........................................479-484 d.
Peter (re-restored)................................485-489
Palladius..........................................490-498
Flavian II.........................................498-512 d.
Severus............................................512-518 d.
Paul II............................................519-521 d.
Euphrasius.........................................521-526
Ephraim............................................527-545
Domnus III.........................................545-559
St. Anastasius I...................................559-570 d.
Gregory I..........................................570-593
St. Anastasius I (restored)........................593-598
Anastasius II......................................599-609
451
?
>
?
489
489
?
?
538
?
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Caliphate era 637-750 (Ummayad from 661)

vacant
Macedonius.........................................639-649
George I...........................................649-654
Macarius I.........................................654-681 d. ?
Theophanes.........................................681-685
George II..........................................685-702
vacant
Stephen IV.........................................742-744
Abbassid era 750-969
Theophylactus......................................744-750
Theodore I.......................................751/2-773/4
Theodoretus..................................... < 787- < 813/4
vacant
Job..............................................813/4-844/5
Nicholas I.........................................845-867 opposed by...
Eustatius II.......................................845-861?
vacant
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Stephen V..............................................870
Theodosius I.......................................870-890
vacant
Symeon I...........................................892-907
Elias I.........................................907 > -934
Theodosius II......................................934-943
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Theocharistus......................................944-948
vacant
Christopher........................................960-967
vacant
Eustratius.............................................969
Second Byzantine era 969-1084
Theodore II........................................970-976
Agapius............................................978-996 d. 997
John III...........................................996-1021
Nicholas II.......................................1025-1030
vacant
Elias II..........................................1032-1033
Theodore III......................................1034-1042
Basil II..........................................1042-1052
Peter III.........................................1052-1056
John IV...........................................1056-1057
Theodosius III....................................1057-after 1059
vacant ?
Aemilian........................................< 1074-1079/80
Seljuq era 1084-1098
Nicephorus.....................................1079/80- < 1089
Latin era 1098-1268
John V............................................1089-1100 d. aft.1113

Theodosius IV....................................1100?-1106?
John VI...........................................1106-after 1134
Luke..............................................1137-1156
Soterichus........................................1156-1157 d. ?
Athanasius I......................................1157-1171
Cyril II........................................1171/3-1179/83
Elias III..............................................1184
Theodore IV.................................... < 1189-1195 >
Symeon II...................................... < 1206-1235 >
David.......................................... < 1242-1247 >
Mamluk (Egyptian) era 1268-1517
Euthymius I.................................... < 1258-1274

Theodosius V......................................1275-1283/4 d. ?
Arsenius........................................1283/4-1286?
Cyril III.........................................1287-1308
Dionysius I.......................................1309-1316
Cyril IV...............................................1316
Dionysius II......................................1317- ?
Sophronius......................................... ? -1341
Ignatius II.......................................1341- < 1359 d.1365/6
Pachomius I.................................... < 1359-1368 d. 1386
Michael I.........................................1368-1375
Pachomius I (restored)............................1375-1377 d. 1386
Marcus I..........................................1377-1378
Pachomius I (re-restored).........................1378-1386
Nilus.............................................1387-1395
Michael II........................................1395-1412
Pachomius II......................................1412-1413
Joachim I.......................................1414/5-1424/5
Marcus II.......................................1426/7-1435?
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Dorotheus II......................................1435-1451
Michael III.......................................1452-1456
Marcus III........................................1456-1458
Joachim II........................................1458-after 1459
vacant
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Michael IV......................................1470/4- < 1484

Dorotheus III.................................. < 1484-after 1500
Michael V.................................... < 1523/4-1529 opposed by...

Joachim III....................................1527/30- < 1534 opposed by...
Dorotheus IV......................................1530-1531 d. ?
Michael VI........................................1534-1542/3 opposed by...
Joachim IV......................................1540/3-1576 opposed by...
Macarius II.......................................1543-1550
Michael VII.......................................1576-1582/3 opposed by...
Joachim V.........................................1581-1592
Joachim VI........................................1593-1604
Dorotheus V.......................................1604-1612
Athanasius II.....................................1612-1620
Ignatius III......................................1620-1634 opposed by...
Cyril V...........................................1620-1627
Euthymius II...........................................1634 d. 1635
Euthymius III.....................................1634-1647
Macarius III......................................1647-1672
Cyril VI...............................................1672 d. 1720
Neophytus.........................................1672-1684 d. ?
Cyril VI (restored)...............................1684-1720 opposed by...
Athanasius III....................................1686-1694 d. 1724
Athanasius III (restored).........................1720-1724
Silvester.........................................1724-1766
Philemon..........................................1766-1767
Daniel............................................1767-1791 d. 1793
Anthemius.........................................1791-1813
Seraphim..........................................1813-1823
Methodius.........................................1823-1850
Hierotheus........................................1850-1885
Gerasimus.........................................1885-1891 d. 1897
Spyridon..........................................1891-1898 d. 1921
Meletius II.......................................1899-1916
Modern era 1922-
Gregory II........................................1916-1928
vacant
Alexander II......................................1931-1958
Theodosius VI.....................................1958-1970
Elias IV..........................................1970-1979
Ignatius IV.......................................1979-
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ANTIOCH: Latin PatriarchsThe Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office

established in the aftermath of the First Crusade by Bohemund, the first Prince of Antioch. The city
already had a Greek Patriarch, who was expelled and fled to Constantinople. The Treaty of Devol
between Antioch and the Byzantine Empire restored the Greek patriarch, though it was never
enforced and the Greek patriarch continued to be resident at Constantinople. A Latin Patriarch
continued to be appointed until the capture of the city by the Mamluks in 1268.
Bernard of Valence................................1100-1135
Rolf of Domfront..................................1135-1139
Aimery of Limoges.................................1139-1193
Rolf II...........................................1193-1196
Peter of Angouleme................................1196-1208
Peter of Locedio..................................1209-1217
vacant
Albert Rezzato....................................1226-1245
vacant
Opizo Fieschi.....................................1247-1268 (d. 1292)
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ANTIOCH: Jacobite PatriarchsThe Jacobite Patriarch is one of at least six

contenders to the see of Antioch - the others being the Roman Catholic, Maronite, Melkite, Greek
Orthodox, and Nestorian candidates. In 544, Jacob Baradaeus (a Monophysite leader) consecrated
Sergius of Tella as Patriarch in opposition to the Imperial-backed Orthodox candidate. Although the
Syrian Orthodox or Jacobite church, like the Coptic, no longer follow the Monophysite doctrine, and
are doctrinally almost identical to the Eastern Orthodox churches, old emnities die hard and the
church continues to preserve an independent identity, in communion with the Armenian, Coptic, and
Abyssinian churches.
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See Orthodox list prior to 544

First Byzantine era (395)-637
Sergius of Tella...................................544-546
vacant
Paul II the Black of Alexandria....................550-575
vacant
Peter III of Raqqa.................................581-591

Julian I...........................................591-595
Athanasius I Gammolo...............................595-631
John II of the Sedre...............................631-648
Caliphate era 637-750 (Ummayad from 661)
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Theodore...........................................649-667
Severius II bar Masqeh.............................667-681
vacant
Athanasius II......................................683-686
Julian II..........................................686-708
Elias I............................................709-723
Athanasius III.....................................724-740
Iwanis I...........................................740-754
Abbassid era 750-969
Euwanis I..........................................754- ?
Athanasius al-Sandali.............................. ? -758
George I...........................................758-790
Joseph.............................................790-792
Quryaqos of Takrit.................................793-817
Dionysius I of Tellmahreh..........................817-845
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John III...........................................846-873
vacant
Ignatius II........................................878-883
vacant
Theodosius Romanos of Takrit.......................887-896

Dionysius II.......................................897-909
John IV Qurzahli...................................910-922
Baselius I.........................................923-935
John V.............................................936-953
Iwanis II..........................................954-957
Dionysius III......................................958-961
Abraham I..........................................962-963
vacant
John VI Sarigta....................................965-985
Athanasius IV of Salah.............................986-1002
vacant
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John VII bar Abdun................................1004-1033

Dionysius IV Yahya................................1034-1044
vacant
John VIII.........................................1049-1057
Athanasius V......................................1058-1063
John IX bar Shushan...............................1063-1073
Baselius II.......................................1074-1075
John Abdun........................................1075-1077
Dionysius V Lazaros...............................1077-1078
vacant
Iwanis III........................................1080-1082
vacant
Seljuq era 1084-1098
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Dionysius VI......................................1088-1090
Athanasius VI bar Khamoro.........................1091-1129
Latin era 1098-1268
John X bar Mawdyono...............................1129-1137

Athanasius VII bar Qutreh.........................1138-1166
Michael I the Great...............................1166-1199
Athanasius VIII...................................1200-1207
John XI...........................................1208-1220
vacant
Ignatius III David................................1222-1252

John XII bar Madani...............................1252-1263
Ignatius IV Yeshu.................................1264-1282
Mamluk (Egyptian) era 1268-1517
Philoxenos I Nemrud...............................1283-1292
Michael II........................................1292-1312
Michael III Yeshu.................................1312-1349
Baselius III Gabriel..............................1349-1387
Philoxenos II the Writer..........................1387-1421
Baselius IV Shemun................................1421-1444
Ignatius Behnam al-Hadli..........................1445-1454
Ignatius Khalaf...................................1455-1483
Ignatius John XIII................................1483-1493
Ignatius Nuh of Lebanon...........................1493-1509
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Ignatius Yeshu I..................................1509-1512

Ignatius Jacob I..................................1512-1517
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Ignatius
Modern era 1922-
Ignatius Afram I Barsoum..........................1933-1957

Ignatius Jacob III................................1957-1980
Ignatius Zakka I Iwas.............................1980-
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David I..................................1517-1520
Abd-Allah I..............................1520-1557
Nemet Allah I............................1557-1576
David II Shah............................1576-1591
Pilate I.................................1591-1597
Hadayat Allah............................1597-1639
Simon I..................................1640-1659
Yeshu II Qamsheh.........................1659-1662
Abdul Masih I............................1662-1686
George II................................1687-1708
Isaac Azar...............................1709-1722
Shukr Allah II...........................1722-1745
George III...............................1745-1768
George IV................................1768-1781
Matthew..................................1782-1817
Yunan....................................1817-1818
George V.................................1819-1837
Elias II.................................1838-1847
Jacob II.................................1847-1871
Peter IV.................................1872-1894
Abdul Masih II...........................1895-1905
Abd Allah II.............................1906-1915
Elias III................................1917-1932
ANTIOCH - THE MELKITE CATHOLICSLike the Maronites, the

Melkites are Levantine Christians in communion with Rome; however, their association with the
papacy came much later. In 1724 their community broke away from the Orthodox Patriarchate. Their
liturgy is in Greek. During the occupation of Syria and Lebanon by the French, most Melkites
adopted French as their lingua franca (no pun intended).
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See Orthodox Patriarchs to 1724

Ottoman era to 1922
Cyril VI Tanas....................................1724-1759
Athanasius IV Jawhar..............................1759-1760 d. 1794
Maximos II Hakim..................................1760-1761
Theodosius V Dahan................................1761-1788
Athanasius IV Jawhar (restored)...................1788-1794
Cyril VII Siage...................................1794-1796
Agapios II Matar..................................1796-1812
Ignatius IV Sarrouf....................................1812
Athanasius V Matar................................1813-1814
Macarius IV Tawil.................................1814-1815
Ignatius V Cattan.................................1816-1833
Maximos III Mazloum...............................1833-1855

Clement Bahous....................................1856-1864
Gregory II Youssef-Sayour.........................1864-1897
Peter IV Graigiry................................1898-1902
Cyril VIII Geha...................................1902-1916
vacant
Demetrios I Cadi..................................1919-1925
Modern era 1922-
Cyril IX Moghabghab...............................1925-1947
Maximos IV Sagh..................................1947-1967
Maximos V Hakim...................................1967-2000
Gregory III Laham.................................2000-
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ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE For a listing of the leaders of the Armenian

Church, an ecclesiastic organization similar in many ways to Orthodoxy, go to the Caucasus.
CILICIA: ARMENIAN CATHOLICOSES With the establishment of an

independent Armenian state in Cilicia in 1058, the Armenian patriarchate was transferred to Sivas,
eventually settling in the city of Sis. Upon the restoration of the Patriarch to Etchimiadzin in
Armenia in 1441, the Patriarch continued to appoint a catholicos to govern the spiritual lives of those
Armenians who remained in southern Anatolia.
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Same as Armenian Patriarchate, to 1441

vacant
Garabed...........................................1446-1477
Stepanos..........................................1475-1483
Hovhannes I.......................................1483-1488
Hovhannes II......................................1489-1525
Hovhannes III.....................................1525-1539
Simeon............................................1539-1545
Ghazar............................................1545-1547
Toros.............................................1548-1553
Khachadour I......................................1553-1558
Khachadour II.....................................1560-1584
Azaria I..........................................1584-1601
Hovhannes IV......................................1601-1621 with...
{
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Bedros I (coadjutor) 1601-1608
Minas.............................................1621-1632
Simeon II.........................................1633-1648
Nerses............................................1648-1654
Toros II..........................................1654-1657
Khachadour III....................................1657-1677
Sahak I...........................................1677-1683
Azaria II.........................................1683-1686
Grigor II.........................................1686-1695
Asdvadzadour......................................1695-1703
Madteos...........................................1703-1705
Hovhannes V.......................................1705-1721
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Grigor III......................................1721/2-1729
Hovhannes VI...................................1729/30-1731
Ghougas...........................................1731-1737
Michael I.........................................1737-1758
Gabriel...........................................1758-1770
Yeprem I..........................................1770-1784
Toros III.........................................1784-1796
Giragos I.........................................1797-1822
Yeprem II.........................................1822-1833
Michael II........................................1833-1855
Giragos II........................................1855-1866
Mekerdich.........................................1871-1894
vacant
See transferred to Lebanon, 1930-present
Sahag II..........................................1902-1939 with...
Bedros IV..............................................1940
vacant
Karekin I.........................................1943-1952
vacant
Zareh.............................................1956-1963
Khoren............................................1963-1983 with...
Karekin II (Armenian Patr. 1995-1999).............1977-1995 d. 1999
Aram I............................................1995-
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Papken II (Coadjutor) 1931-1936
CONSTANTINOPLE Although the Christian community here is not the oldest, this
Patriarchate comes closest to being the recognized head of the whole Orthodox world, by reason of
its association with the Imperial City. It is not the head, as the Pope is the head of the Roman
Catholic world; each Orthodox community is autonomous. Nevertheless, these ecclesiastics have
wielded an enormous influence among their co-religionists, and to the world at large. For the
Imperial succession, go here. For the temporal rulers of the city of Byzantium, go here.
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Roman era to 330 (Bishops of Byzantium to 330)
St. Andrew the Apostle..............................36-38 d. 60/70

St. Stachys the Apostle.............................38-54
Onesimos............................................54-68
Polycarp I..........................................69-89
Plutarch............................................89-105
Sedekion...........................................105-114
Diogenes...........................................114-129
Eleutherius........................................129-136
Felix..............................................136-141
Polycarp II........................................141-144
Athenodorus........................................144-148
Euzoius............................................148-154
Laurentius.........................................154-166
Alypius............................................166-169
Pertinax...........................................169-187
Olympianus.........................................187-198
Marcus I...........................................198-211
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Philadelphus.......................................211-214
Cyriacus I.........................................214-230
St. Castinus.......................................230-237
Eugenius I.........................................237-242
Titus..............................................242-272
Dometius...........................................272-284
Rufinus I..........................................284-293
Provos.............................................293-306
St. Metrophanes I..................................306-314
First Byzantine era 330-1204
St. Alexander......................................314-337
St. Paul I.........................................337-339
Eusebius...........................................339-341
St. Paul I (restored)..............................341-342
Macedonius I.......................................342-346
St. Paul I (re-restored)...........................346-351
Macedonius I (restored)............................351-360
Eudoxius...........................................360-370
Demophilus.........................................370-380
by...
Evagrios...............................................370
St. Gregory I Nazianzus............................379-381
by...
Maximus I..............................................380
St. Nectarius......................................381-397
St. John I Chrysostom..............................398-404
St. Arsacius.......................................404-405
St. Atticus........................................406-425
St. Sisinnius I....................................426-427
Nestorius..........................................428-432
St. Maximianus.....................................431-434
St. Proclus........................................434-446
St. Flavianus......................................447-449
St. Anatolius......................................449-458
St. Gennadius I....................................458-471
Acacius............................................472-489
Fravitas...........................................489-490
Euphemius..........................................490-496
St. Macedonius II..................................496-511
Timothy I..........................................511-518
St. John II Cappodokos.............................518-520
St. Epiphanius.....................................520-535
Anthimus I.........................................535-536
St. Menas..........................................536-552
St. Eutychius......................................552-565
St. John III Scholasticus..........................565-577
St. Eutychius (restored)...........................577-582
St. John IV the Faster.............................582-595
St. Cyriacus II....................................596-606
St. Thomas I.......................................607-610
Sergius I..........................................610-638
Pyrrhus............................................638-641
Paul II............................................641-653
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d. 351
d. 351
d. 364
d. 364
d. 385 opposed
d. ?
d. 389 opposed
d. ?
d. 407
d. 451
d. 449/50
d. 515
d. 516
d. 548
d. 582
d. 654
Pyrrhus (restored).....................................654
Peter..............................................654-666
St. Thomas II......................................667-669
St. John V.........................................669-675
St. Constantine I..................................675-677
St. Theodore I.....................................677-679
St. George I.......................................679-686
St. Theodore I (restored)..........................686-687
St. Paul III.......................................688-693
St. Callinicus I...................................694-705
St. Cyrus..........................................705-711
John VI............................................712-715
St. Germanus I.....................................715-730
St. Anastasius.....................................730-754
St. Constantine II.................................754-766
Nicetas I..........................................766-780
St. Paul IV........................................780-784
St. Tarasius.......................................784-806
St. Nicephorus I...................................806-815
Theodotus (Melissenos Kassiteras)..................815-821
Anthony I Kassimatas...............................821-837
John VII Morocharzanius (Grammatikos)..............837-843
St. Methodius I....................................843-847
St. Ignatius.......................................847-858
St. Photius I......................................858-867
St. Ignatius (restored)............................867-877
St. Photius I (restored)...........................877-886
St. Stephen I......................................886-893
St. Anthony II Cauleas.............................893-901
St. Nicholas I Mystikos............................901-907
St. Euthymius I....................................907-912
St. Nicholas I Mystikos (restored).................911-925
St. Stephen II.....................................925-928
St. Tryphon........................................928-931
Theophylactus......................................933-956
St. Polyeuctos.....................................956-970
Basil I Skamandrenos...............................970-974
Anthony III Studites...............................974-979
St. Nicholas II Chrysoberges.......................979-991
vacant
St. Sisinnius II...................................996-998

Sergius II Manuelites..............................999-1019
St. Eustatius.....................................1019-1025
Alexius Studites..................................1025-1043
Michael I Kerularios (in exile)...................1043-1058 d. 1059
St. Constantine III Leichudes.....................1059-1063
John VIII Xiphilinos..............................1064-1075
St. Cosmas I Hierosolymites.......................1075-1081
Eustratius Garidas................................1081-1084 d. ?
Nicholas III Kyrdiniates Grammaticus..............1084-1111
John IX Agapetos..................................1111-1134
St. Leo Stypes....................................1134-1143
Michael II Curcuas (Oxeites)......................1143-1146 d. ?
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d. 687
d. ?
d. ?
d. ?
d. 740/2
d. 768
d. 828
d. < 863
d. 877
d. 891
d. 891
d. 925
d. 917
d. ?
d. 980
d. 983
Cosmas II Atticus.................................1146-1147 d. ?
Nicholas IV Muzalon...............................1147-1151 d. 1152
Theodotus II....................................1151/2-1153/4
Neophytus I (elected, not ordained)....................1153/4 d. ?
Constantine IV Chliarenos.........................1154-1157
Lucas Chrysoberges................................1157-1169/70
Michael III Anchialos.............................1170-1178
Chariton Eugeneiotes..............................1178-1179
Theodosius I Boradiotes...........................1179-1183 d. ?
Basil II Kamaterus (Phylakopulos).................1183-1186 d. ?
Nicetas II Muntanes...............................1186-1189 d. ?
Dositheus of Jerusalem............................Feb. 1189 d. ?
Leontius Theotokites............................. Oct. 1189 d. ?
Dositheus of Jerusalem (restored).................1189-1191 d. ?
George II Xiphilinos..............................1191-1198
Nicaean era 1204-1261. See also the Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople.
John X Kamateros..................................1198-1206
Michael IV Autoreianus............................1208-1214
Theodore II Eirenikos (Kopas).....................1212-1216
Maximus II.............................................1216
Manuel I Sarantenos (Charitopulos)................1217-1222
Germanus II.......................................1222-1240
Methodius II...........................................1240
vacant
Manuel II.........................................1244-1254
Arsenius Autoreianos..............................1254-1260 d. 1273
Nicephorus II.....................................1260-1261
Arsenius Autoreianos (restored)...................1261-1265

Germanus III (Lazos Markutzas)....................1265-1266
St. Joseph I......................................1266-1275
John XI Bekkos....................................1275-1282
St. Joseph I (restored)...........................1282-1283
Gregory II (George) Kyprios.......................1283-1289
St. Athanasius I..................................1289-1293
John XII Kosmos...................................1294-1303
St. Athanasius I (restored).......................1303-1309
Nephon I..........................................1310-1314
John XIII Glykys..................................1315-1319
Gerasimus I.......................................1320-1321
Isaiah............................................1323-1332
John XIV Aprenos (Kalekas)........................1334-1347
Isidore I.........................................1347-1350
Callistus I.......................................1350-1353
Philotheos Kokkinos...............................1353-1354
Callistus I (restored)............................1355-1363
Philotheos Kokkinos (restored)....................1364-1376
Macarius..........................................1376-1379
Nilos.............................................1380-1388
Anthony IV........................................1389-1390
Macarius (restored)...............................1390-1391
Anthony IV (restored).............................1391-1397
Callistus II Xanthopoulos..............................1397
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d.
d.
d.
d.
1273
1289
1283
1297
d,
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1290
1315
?
1315
1328
?
d. 1363
d. 1379
d. 1379
d. 1391
d. 1397
Matthew I.........................................1397-1402 d. 1410
vacant
Matthew I (restored)..............................1403-1410
St. Euthymius II..................................1410-1416
Joseph II.........................................1416-1439
Metrophanes II....................................1440-1443
Gregory III (Mammas) Melissenos Strategopulos.....1443-1450 d. 1459
Athanasius II (existence in doubt).....................1450 d. ?
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vacant
St. Gennadius II Scholarius.......................1454-1456 d. 1472
Isidore II........................................1456-1462
St. Gennadius II Scholarius (restored)............1462-1463 d. 1472
Sophronius I......................................1463-1464 d. ?
St. Gennadius II Scholarius (re-restored).........1464-1465 d. 1472
Joasaph I.........................................1465-1466 d. ?
Marcus II Xylokaraves.............................1466-1466/7 d. 14 ?
Symeon I of Trebizond...........................1466/7-1467 d. 1486
St. Dionysius I...................................1467-1471 d. 1492
Symeon of Trebizond (restored)....................1471-1475 d. ?
Raphael I.........................................1475-1476 d. ?
St. Maximus III Manasses..........................1476-1481/2 d. 1482
Symeon of Trebizond (re-restored).................1482-1486 d. ?
Niphon II.........................................1486-1488 d. 1507
St. Dionysius I (restored)........................1488-1490 d. 1492
Maximus IV........................................1491-1497 d. ?
Niphon II (restored)..............................1497-1498 d. 1507
Joachim I.........................................1498-1502 d. 1504
Niphon II (re-restored)................................1502 d. 1507
Pachomius I.......................................1503-1504 d. 1514
Joachim I (restored)...................................1504
Pachomius I (restored)............................1504-1513 d. 1514
Theoleptus I......................................1513-1522
Jeremiah I........................................1522-1545 opposed by...
Joannicius.............................................1526
Dionysius II......................................1546-1555
Joasaph II........................................1555-1565
Metrophanes III...................................1565-1572 d. 1580
Jeremiah II.......................................1572-1579 d. 1595
Metrophanes III (restored)........................1579-1580
Jeremiah II (restored)............................1580-1584 d. 1595
Pachomius II (illegal reign)......................1584-1585 d. ?
Theoleptus II.....................................1585-1586
Jeremiah II (re-restored).........................1586-1595
Matthew II.............................................1596 d. ?
Gabriel I..............................................1596
Theophanes I Karykes...................................1597
{ Meletios I Pegas (coadjutor).................1597-1598 d. 1601
Matthew II (restored).............................1598-1601/2 d. ?
Neophytus II......................................1602-1603 d. ?
Matthew II (re-restored)...............................1603 d. ?
Raphael II........................................1603-1607
Neophytus II (restored)...........................1607-1612 d. ?
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Timothy II........................................1612-1620
Cyril I Lukaris...................................1620-1623
Gregory IV of Amasea...................................1623
Anthemus II............................................1623
Cyril I Lukaris (re-restored).....................1623-1633
Cyril II Kontari.......................................1633
Cyril I Lukaris (re-re-restored)..................1633-1634
Athanasius III Pattelaras..............................1634
Cyril I Lukaris (re-re-re-restored)...............1634-1635
Cyril II Kontari (restored).......................1635-1636
Neophytus III of Nicea............................1636-1637
Cyril I Lukaris (re-re-re-re-restored)............1637-1638
Cyril II Kontari (re-restored)....................1638-1639
Parthenius I......................................1639-1644
Parthenius II.....................................1644-1646
Joannicius II.....................................1646-1648
Parthenius II (restored)..........................1648-1651
Joannicius II (restored)..........................1651-1652
Cyril III..............................................1652
Athanasius III Pattelaras (restored)...................1652
Paisius I.........................................1652-1653
Ioannicius II (re-restored).......................1653-1654
Cyril III (restored)...................................1654
Paisius I (restored)..............................1654-1655
Joannicius II (re-re-restored)....................1655-1656
St. Parthenius III................................1656-1657
St. Gabriel II.........................................1657
Parthenius IV.....................................1657-1662
by...
Theophanes II..........................................1659
Dionysius III.....................................1662-1665
Parthenius IV (restored)..........................1665-1667
Clement (not recognized)..........................1667-1668
Methodius III.....................................1668-1671
Parthenius IV (re-restored)............................1671
Dionysius IV Mouselimis...........................1671-1673
Gerasimus II......................................1673-1674
Parthenius IV (re-re-restored)....................1675-1676
Dionysius IV Mouselimis (restored)................1676-1679
Athanasius IV..........................................1679
Jacob.............................................1679-1682
Dionysius IV Mouselimis (re-restored).............1682-1684
Parthenius IV (re-re-re-restored).................1684-1685
Jacob (restored)..................................1685-1686
Dionysius IV Mouselimis (re-re-restored)..........1686-1687
Jacob (re-restored)...............................1687-1688
Callinicus II..........................................1688
Neophytus IV......................................1688-1689
Callinicus II (restored)..........................1689-1693
Dionysius IV Mouselimis (re-re-re-restored).......1693-1694
Callinicus II (re-restored).......................1694-1702
Gabriel III.......................................1702-1707
Neophytus V (never took possession)....................1707
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1638
?
1628
1638
1640
1638
1654
1638
1640
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1640
1646
?
1659/60
?
1659/60
?
1654
1688
1659/60
?
1688
1659/60
d. ? opposed
d.
d.
d.
d.
?
1696
?
?
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
?
1696
1689
?
1696
?
1700
1696
?
1700
1696
1700
1702
?
1702
1696
d. ?
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z
Cyprian...........................................1707-1709
Athanasius V......................................1709-1711
Cyril IV..........................................1711-1713
Cyprian (restored)................................1713-1714
Cosmas III........................................1714-1716
Jeremiah III......................................1716-1726
Callinicus III.........................................1726
Pasius II.........................................1726-1732
Jeremiah III (restored)...........................1732-1733
Seraphim I........................................1733-1734
Neophytus VI......................................1734-1740
Pasius II (restored)..............................1740-1743
Neophytos VI (restored)...........................1743-1744
Pasius II (re-restored)...........................1744-1748
Cyril V of Nicea..................................1748-1751
Pasius II (re-re-restored)........................1751-1752
Cyril V of Nicea (restored).......................1752-1757
Callinicus IV..........................................1757
Seraphim II.......................................1757-1761
Joannicius III....................................1761-1763
Samuel I..........................................1763-1768
Meletius II.......................................1768-1769
Theodosius II.....................................1769-1773
Samuel I (restored)...............................1773-1774
Sophronius II.....................................1774-1780
Gabriel IV........................................1780-1785
Procopius I.......................................1785-1789
Neophytus VII.....................................1789-1794
Gerasimus III.....................................1794-1797
St. Gregory V.....................................1797-1798
Neophytus VII (restored)..........................1798-1801
Callinicus V......................................1801-1806
St. Gregory V (restored)..........................1806-1808
Callinicus V (restored)...........................1808-1809
Jeremiah IV.......................................1809-1813
Cyril VI..........................................1813-1818
St. Gregory V (re-restored).......................1818-1821
Eugenius II.......................................1821-1822
Anthimus III......................................1822-1824
Chrysanthus.......................................1824-1826
Agathangel........................................1826-1830
Constantius I.....................................1830-1834
Constantius II....................................1834-1835
Gregory VI........................................1835-1840
Anthimus IV.......................................1840-1841
Anthimus V........................................1841-1842
Germanus IV.......................................1842-1845
Meletius III...........................................1845
Anthimus VI.......................................1845-1848
Anthimus IV (restored)............................1848-1852
Germanus IV (restored)............................1852-1853
Anthimus VI (restored)............................1853-1855
Cyril VII.........................................1855-1860
d. 1714
d. > 1718
d. 1728
d. 1736
d. 1735
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1756
1735
?
1747
1756
1747
1756
1775
1756
1775
1791
1781/2
1793
1775
1775
1778
1775
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1812
?
1800
1821
?
?
1821
?
1824
1821
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
d.
1842
1834
1832
1859
1859
1881
1878
d. 1853
d. 1878
d. 1878
d. 1878
d. 1872
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Joachim II........................................1860-1863
Sophronius III....................................1863-1866
Gregory VI (restored).............................1867-1871
Anthimus VI (re-restored).........................1871-1873
Joachim II (restored).............................1873-1878
Joachim III.......................................1878-1884
Joachim IV........................................1884-1886
Dionysius V.......................................1887-1891
Neophytus VIII....................................1891-1894
Anthimus VII......................................1895-1896
Constantine V.....................................1897-1901
Joachim III (restored)............................1901-1912
Germanus V........................................1913-1918
d.
d.
d.
d.
1878
1899
1881
1878
d. 1912
d. 1887
d. 1909
d. 1913
d. 1914
d. 1920
vacant
Modern era 1922Meletius IV.......................................1921-1923 d. 1935
Gregory VII.......................................1923-1924
Constantine VI....................................1924-1925 d. 1930
Basil III.........................................1925-1929
Photius II........................................1929-1935
Benjamin..........................................1936-1946
Maximus V.........................................1946-1948 d. 1972
Athenagoras.......................................1948-1972
Demetrius.........................................1972-1991
Bartholomew.......................................1991-
CONSTANTINOPLE: Latin Patriarchs In 1204 the fourth Crusade invested

and seized the Imperial City, and established a sequence of Latin Emperors. They brought with them
Roman Catholic ecclesiatics, who set up a Roman Patriarchate. The Latin establishment was
defeated and dispossessed in 1261, although the Latin patriarchate existed, at least in nominal form,
for another 240 years. Here is a list of these western ecclesiastics.
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Thomas Morosini...................................1204-1211
vacant
Gervase...........................................1215-1219
vacant
Matthew...........................................1221-1226
(John Halgrin: declined post).................Dec. 23, 1226)
Simon.............................................1227-1233
vacant
Nicholas de Castro Arquato........................1234-1251
vacant
Titular Latin Patriarchs, from 1261.
Pantaleon Giustiani...............................1253-1286
Peter Correr......................................1286-1302
Leonard Faliero...................................1302-1305 ?
Nicholas, abp. Thebes.............................1308-1331 ?
Cardinalis........................................1332-1335
Gozio Battaglia...................................1335-1339
Roland de Ast..................................24 Nov. 1339
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Henry de Ast, bp. of Negroponte...................1339-1345

Stephen de Pinu.................................March, 1346
William (Coadjutor 1361-4)........................1346-1364
St. Peter Thomas, abp. Crete......................1364-1366
Paul abp. Thebes..................................1366-1370
Hugolin Malabranca................................1371-1375 ?
James d'Itri, abp. Otranto........................1376-1378
William, bp. Urbino....................................1379
Paul (abp. Corinth ?)...............................c. 1379
probable vacancy...............................c. 1380-1390
Angelo Correr, later Pope Gregory XII.............1390-1405 d. 1415
Louis, abp. Mitylene..............................1406-1408
Antonio Cardinal Correr, Coadjutor.....................1408
Alphonese, abp. Seville ?..............................1408
Francis Lando, patriarch of Grado......................1409
John Contarini....................................1409-14 ?
John de La Rochetaillee...........................1412-1423
John Contarini....................................1424-14 ?
Gregory Mamme.....................................1451-1459
Bessarion, Cardinal...............................1459-1472
Peter Riario......................................1472-1474
Jerome Lando, abp. Crete..........................1474-1493/6
John Michael, Cardinal............................1497-1503
John, Cardinal Borgia..................................1503
Francis, Cardinal de Lorris.......................1503-1506
JERUSALEMPerhaps one of the best-known places on earth; the Old City is situated on a
bluff overlooking the Valley of the Jordan to the east, a site in continuous human habitation for a
minimum of 7000 years. The Christian community in Jerusalem can reasonable make the claim of
seniority over all others, since there has been a contiguous Christian presence here since the time of
Jesus and his immediate followers. Here is a record of the leaders of that community, at least as it
developed into an Orthodox Patriarchate. For the temporal authorities in Jerusalem, go here.
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Roman era to 395
James the Lord's Brother.........................c. 27-62

Symeon I..........................................62 ?-107
Justos I...........................................107-111 ?
Zacchaeos........................................111 ?- ?
Tobias
Benjamin
John I.............................................117- ?
Matthias
Philip
Seneca
Justos II
Levi
Ephraim I
Joseph I
Judas
Mark I
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Kassian
Publios
Maximus I
Julian I
Gaius I
Symmachus
Gaius II
Julian II
Capion
Maximus II
Antoninus
Valens
Dolichian.......................................... ? -185
Narcissus..........................................185-205 d. 213
Dios...............................................205-207
Germanus...........................................207-211
Gordius............................................211-212
Narcissus (restored)...............................212-213
Alexander..........................................213-251
Mazabanes..........................................251-260
Hymenaios..........................................260-298
Zabdas.............................................298-300
Hermon (Hermas)....................................300-314
Makarius I.........................................314-333
Maximus II.........................................333-350/1
Herakleios.............................................350/1
Cyril I..........................................350/1-386
{
But involved with several opponents on numerous occasions in this period, among
whom:
Eutychius
Ireneaus
{ Hilarios
John II............................................386-417
Praylios...........................................417-422
Juvenalis..........................................422-458 opposed by...
Theodosius the Monophysite....................aft. 451-457 d. ?
Anastasius I.......................................458-478
Martyrios..........................................478-486
Salust.............................................486-494
Elijah I...........................................494-516 d. 518
John III...........................................516-524
Peter..............................................524-552
Makarios II............................................552 d. c. 575
Eustochius, or Eutychius...........................552-563/4 d. ?
Makarios II (restored)...........................563/4-c. 575
John IV Moschos....................................574-594
Amos...............................................594-601
Isaac, or Hesychios................................601-609
Zachariah..........................................609-631
Modestus...........................................632-633/4
Sophronios I.....................................633/4-638
Caliphate era (Ummayad from 661) 638-750
{
{
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vacant
George............................................. ? -668
Theodore I.........................................668- ?
Anastasius II ? (existence disputed)............c. 692-705
John V.............................................705-735
Theodore II........................................735-770
Abbasid era 750-1099
Elijah II....................................bfr 787 ?-797 ? opposed by...

Theodosius
George................................807 or earlier ?- ?
Thomas.............................................807-821
Basil..............................................821-839
John VI............................................839-843
Sergius I..........................................843-859
Solomon.........................................c. 860-865
Theodosius.........................................867-c. 878
Elijah III......................................c. 878-907
Sergius II.........................................907-912
Leontius I.........................................912-929
Athanasius I.......................................929-937
Christodoulos I....................................937-951
Agatho.............................................951-964
John VII...........................................964-966
Christodoulos II...................................966-969
Thomas II..........................................969-979
Joseph II..........................................980-983/4
Agapios..........................................983/4-985
Orestes............................................986-1006
Theophilus I......................................1012-1020
Nicephorus I......................................1020-aft. 1048
Ioannicius
Sophronius II..................bfr. 1059, or bfr. 1076-aft. 1064, or aft.
1083
Euthymius I...................................fl. aft. 1083 ?
Symeon II....................................bfr. 1092-1099
Latin era 1099-1244. See also the Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem.
John VIII......................................c. 1099-1106/7

Sabas...........................................fl. c. 1117/8
Nicholas..........................................1122-1156
John IX.........................................fl. c. 1157
Nicephorus II.....................................1166-1171
Leontius II.....................................1174/5-1184/5
Dositheus I..................................bfr. 1187-1189
Mark II........................................1189/90-1195
Euthymius........................................d. c. 1222
Athanasios II...................................... ? -1235 ?
Sophronios III
Gregory I......................................c. 1273-c. 1285
Thaddeus............................................? -1296 ?
Athanasius III.................................c. 1303-bfr. 1308
Gabriel Voulas.............................fl. c. bfr. 1309
Athanasius III (restored).......................fl. c. 1309
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Gregory II.......................................d. c. 1322

Lazarus
Gerasimus I.....................................fl. c. 1341
Lazarus (restored)...........................bfr. 1341-c. 1367
Dorotheus I..................................c. 1377/8-1402/12
Theophilus..............................fl. btwn. 1419-1424
Theophanes II...................................... ? -1430 ?
Joachim.........................................1437 ?-1464 ?
Abraham.........................................fl. c. 1468
Jacob...........................................fl. c. 1482
Gregory
Mark............................................fl. c. 1505
Dorotheos II......................................1506-1534 d. ?
Germanus I........................................1534-1579
Sophronius IV.....................................1579-1609
Theophanes III....................................1609-1644
Paisius...........................................1645-1660
Nectarius.........................................1661-1669
Dositheos II......................................1669-1707
Chrysanthus.......................................1707-1731
Meletius..........................................1731-1737
Parthenius........................................1737-1766
Ephraim II........................................1766-1771
Sophronius V......................................1771-1775
Avramius..........................................1775-1787
Procopius I.......................................1787-1788
Anthemus..........................................1788-1808
Polycarp..........................................1808-1827
Athanasius V......................................1827-1844
Cyril II..........................................1845-1872
Procopius II......................................1872-1875
Hierotheus........................................1875-1882
Nicodemus.........................................1883-1890
Gerasimus II......................................1891-1896
Damian............................................1897-1931
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British Mandate era 1918-1948

vacant
Timothy...........................................1935-1955
Israeli era 1948-
Benedict..........................................1957-1980
Diodorus..........................................1981-2000
Ireneaus..........................................2001-
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d. ?
d. 1620
d. 1676
d. ?
d. 1770
d. 1780
d. 1877
d. ?
JERUSALEM: Latin Patriarchs On July 15, 1099 the City was captured by
Crusaders, inaugurating a Latin Kingdom which endured almost 250 years. A Roman Catholic
hierarchy was established in the Kingdom, here are the Latin Patriarchs of the era.
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Arnoul Malecorne des Roches..................Aug.-Dec. 1099 d. 1118

Daimbert..........................................1099-1102 d. 1105
Evremer...........................................1102-1105 d. 1108
Daimbert (restored, but d. bfr. return)................1105
Evremar (restored)................................1105-1108
Gibelin...........................................1108-1112
Arnoul Malecorne des Roches (restored)............1112-1118
Garmond de Picquigny..............................1119-1128
Stephen...........................................1128-1130
William I de Malines..............................1130-1145
Foucher...........................................1146-1157
Amaury............................................1157-1180
Heraclius.........................................1180-1191
vacant
Aymar the Monk....................................1194-1202

Soffred...........................................1202-1203/4
Albert Avogadro...................................1204-1214
Raoul de Merencourt...............................1214-1225
Thomas of Capua (elected, not confirmed)...............1225
Gerald of Lausanne................................1225-1238
vacant
Robert of Nantes..................................1240-1254
Opizo, Patr. Antioch (elected, not confirmed)..........1254

Jacques Pantaleon (pope as Urban IV)..............1255-1261 d. 1264
William II of Agen................................1261-1270
Thomas Agni of Cosenza............................1271-1277
John Ayglier, or John of Verceil..................1278-1279
Elijah............................................1279-c. 1287
Nicholas of Hanapes...............................1288-1291
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With the destruction of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (Jerusalem taken 1244, Acre taken
1291), the Latin Patriarchate came to an end, although there continued to be
appointments (made at a safe distance) to the See as an honorarium. Roman Catholic
clergy continued to operate in the Holy Land, but at extremely reduced levels of
influence. Lately though, the Latin Patriarchate has been revived after a slumber of 598
years, demonstrating that the permanent demise of anything in the Middle East is not a
safe assumption.
Modern Latin Patriarchs of Jerusalem
Ottoman era (1517)-1918
Luigi Piavi.......................................1889-1905
vacant
Filippo Camassei..................................1907-1919
Luigi Balassina...................................1920-1947
vacant
Israeli era 1948-
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Alberto Gori......................................1949-1970
Giacomo Giuseppi Beltritti........................1970-1987
Michel Sabah......................................1987-
JERUSALEM (ARMENIAN PATRIARCHS)Since Roman times the

Holy Land has been home to a large Armenian population; this community expanded a great deal
during the centuries of Ottoman rule. In 638 the Catholicos appointed an Armenian Patriarchate in
Jerusalem in opposition to the Orthodox, Nestorian, and other patriarchs already in place. Although
appointments were sporadic at times (there are considerable gaps in some cases) the Armenian
church in Jerusalem has been more or less continually autonomous since the Muslim conquest.
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Caliphate era (Ummayad from 661) 638-750
Abraham I..........................................638-669
Krikor Yetesatzi...................................669-696
Kevork.............................................696-708
Mgrdich I..........................................708-730
Hovhannes I........................................730-758
Abbasid era 750-1099
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Stepanos...........................................758-774
Yeghia.............................................774-797
vacant
Abraham II.........................................885-909
vacant
Krikor I...........................................981-1006
Arsen.............................................1006-1038
Mesrob I
Simeon I..........................................1090-1109
Latin era 1099-1244
Movses............................................1109-1133
Esayee I..........................................1133-1152
Sahag.............................................1152-1180
Abraham III of Jerusalem..........................1180-1191
Minas.............................................1191-1205
vacant
Abraham IV........................................1215-1218
Arakel............................................1218-1230
Hovhannes II......................................1230-1238
Garabed I of Jerusalem............................1238-1254
Hagopos...........................................1254-1281
Sarkis I..........................................1281-1313
Teodoros I........................................1313-1316
David I...........................................1316-1321
Boghos I..........................................1321-1323
Vartan Areveltzi..................................1323-1332
Hovhannes III Josleen.............................1332-1341
Parsegh...........................................1341-1356 with...
Garabed II.............................................1349
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{
{
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Mgrdich II........................................1363-1378
Hovhannes IV Lehatzee.............................1378-1386
Krikor II of Egypt................................1386-1391
Esayee II.........................................1391-1394
Sarkis II.........................................1394-1415 with...
{
{
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Krikor (coadjutor), 1356-1363

Giragos (coadjutor), 1356-1363
Mardiros (coadjutor), 1399 and later...

Mesrob (coadjutor), 1402
Boghos II Karnetzi................................1415-1419
Mardiros I of Egypt...............................1419-1430 with...
Minas (coadjutor), 1426
Esayee III........................................1430-1431
Hovhannes V.......................................1431-1441
Muron.............................................1436-1437
Abraham V Missirtzee..............................1441-1454
Mesrob II.........................................1454-1461
Bedros I..........................................1461-1476
Mgrdich III Elovtzee..............................1476-1479
Abraham VI Pereeahtzee............................1497-1485
Hovhannes VI Missirtzee...........................1485-1491
Mardiros II Broosatzee............................1491-1501
Bedros II.........................................1501-1507
Sarkis III........................................1507-1517
Hovhannes VII.....................................1517-1522
vacant
Teodoros II (Asdvadzadoor Merdeentzee)............1532-1542 d. 1551

Pilibos...........................................1542-1550
Teodoros II (restored)............................1550-1551
Antreas Merdeentzee...............................1551-1583
David II Merdeentzee..............................1583-1613
Krikor III Kantzagehtzee..........................1613-1645
Teodoros III (Asdvadzadoor Daronetzee)............1645-1664 d. 1666
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Minas Hamtetzi (coadjutor), 1697-1704 with...

Kaloosd Hetoontzi (coadjutor), 1697-1704 and then...
Krikor (coadjutor; also Armenian Patriarch of Constantinople), 1704-1715
Krikor Shiravantzee the Chainbearer...............1715-1749

Hagop Nalian......................................1749-1752 d. ?
Teodoros V........................................1752-1761
Garabed III Tantchagetzee.........................1761-1768
Boghos III Vanetzee...............................1768-1775
Hovhannes X Kanapertzee...........................1775-1793
Bedros III Yevtogeeyatzee.........................1793-1800
Teodoros VI Vanetzi...............................1800-1818
Kapriel Neegomeetatzee............................1818-1840
Boghos IV Atreeunoobolsetzi.......................1824-1847 with...
Zakaria Gopetzi...................................1840-1846 and then...
Giragos of Jerusalem..............................1846-1850
Hovhannes XI of Smyrna............................1850-1860
{
(Lay Locum Tenens) 1683-1684
Hovhannes IX Bolsetzi.............................1684-1697
Simeon II.........................................1688-1691
{
Yeghiazar Hromglayetzee (coadjutor), 1664-1665
Teodoros III (restored)...........................1665-1666

Yeghiazar.........................................1666-1668
Teodoros IV (Asdvadzadoor)........................1668-1670
Yeghiazar (restored)..............................1670-1677
Mardiros III Khrimtzi.............................1677-1680
Hovhannes VIII Amasyatzee..............................1680
Mardiros III (restored)...........................1681-1683
Vertanes (Locum Tenens), 1860-1864
Esayee IV of Talas................................1864-1885
Yeremya Der Sahagian..............................1885-1889
Harootiun Vehabedian..............................1889-1910
vacant
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Yeghishe Tourian..................................1921-1929
Torkom I Koushagian...............................1929-1939
Mesrob III Nishanian..............................1939-1944
Guregh Israelian..................................1944-1949
Israeli era 1948vacant

{ Tiran Nersoyan (unconsecrated), 1957-1958
vacant
Yeghishe Derderian................................1960-1990
Torkom II Manoogian...............................1990-
MOSCOW The Metropolitans and Patriarchs of Muscovy are not among the Four Primates of
the Greek Orthodox Church; in fact, the Russian Church is an entirely separate and independent
entity from the Greek Church, and has been so since the 15th century. Nevertheless, the Russian
Church is of vital significance, not only in it's own realm, but to the world at large. A listing of its
leaders will be found under the Patriarchate of Moscow.
The NESTORIANS (the Church of the East [Ecclesia

Orientalis]) The Church of the East was originally the Christian Church of Persia. Since
Persia was incessantly at war with Rome, resident Christians would have been under some pressure
to show that they were not acting as agents of Rome. Possibly for this reason the Church of the East
has often distinguished itself both theologically and liturgically from its Western and Orthodox
counterparts. Missionaries of this church ranged far and wide across Asia, winning huge numbers of
converts in India, China, and among the nomadic peoples of Central Asia (see, e.g., Kerait, QaraKhitai, and Naiman). The Ecclesia Orientalis is sometimes referred to as the Nestorian church, but
this appellation, as discussed below, is somewhat misleading. During the ascendancy of the
Mongols, many notable leaders, including Hulegu (the first Ilkhan), belonged to this church, and
though reliable statistics are not available, it is likely that this church, whose remnants today number
at most a few million, boasted the largest population of any Christian denomination.
N.B.!! The Assyrian and Chaldean churches each hold to different chronologies for the
Patriarchs until the early 1700's. This list is an attempt to reconcile the two lists but dates given
before 1700 should be regarded as approximations.
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ORTHODOX PATRIARCHS
Ctesiphon era
Saint Thomas the Apostle.........................c. 35-c.
Mar Addai (St. Thaddeus the Apostle).............c. 37-c.
Mar Agai.........................................c. 66-c.
Mar Mari.........................................c. 88-c.
Mar Abris.......................................c. 121-c.
vacant ?
Mar Abraham (Oraham I of Kashkar)...............c. 159-c. 171

Mar Yacob I.....................................c. 172-c. 190
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37
65
87
120
137
Mar Ahha (Akhu d'Aboui).........................c. 190-c. 220

Mar Shahioupa (Shakhlupa of Kashkar)............c. 220-c. 240
vacant
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
vacant
Mar Toumarsa (Turmarsa).........................c. 363-c. 371

Mar Qaiyuma.....................................c. 372-c. 399
Mar Iskhaq......................................c. 399-c. 410
Mar Ahha........................................c. 410-415
Mar Yab-Alaha (Yoalaha I)..........................415-420
Maana..................................................420
Mar Frabokht (Qarabukht)...........................420-421
Mar Dadishu I......................................421-456
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Papa bar Gaggai.............................c.

Shimun Bar Sabba'ei.........................c.
Shalidoste (Shahdost).......................c.
Bar Bashmin.................................c.
317-c.
329-c.
341-c.
345-c.
329
341
345
350
In 431 AD, the Third Ecumenical Council in Ephesus condemned the teachings of the
Patriarch Nestorius of Constantinople. Nestorius taught that Christ had two natures
(divine and human) and two wills, and that Mary had been the mother only of the human
part of him. The Church of the East had not participated in the Council, and word of it
took a while to reach Ctesiphon. Then, however, the Church refused to anathematize
Nestorius and did not accept the decision of the Council. Since then, the Church of the
East has been characterized as the "Nestorian" Church by Greek and Latin authors, and
those following in their tradition. It remains a matter of dispute whether the Christology
of the Church of the East is or ever was Nestorian or not, and "Nestorian" may or may
not be a characterization used or accepted by Church members. Nevertheless, the
Church does use Nestorius' formula for Mary as the "Mother of Christ," rather than the
Orthodox and Roman formula of Mary as the "Mother of God."
NESTORIAN PATRIARCHS
Mar Babwahi........................................457-484
Mar Aqaq-Acace.....................................484-496
Mar Babai I.....................................c. 497-c. 503
Mar Shila/Sheela................................c. 503-c. 523
Mar Narsai Elisha...............................c. 524-c. 539
Mar Polos I.....................................c. 539-c. 540
Mar Aba I the Great.............................c. 540-552
Mar Yosip I........................................552-566
Mar Ezecbiel (Khazqiyil)...........................566-581
Mar Isho-Yab I d'Arzunaya..........................582-595
Mar Sabrisho (Shorishu) I Garmaqaya................596-604
Mar Greghor I Partaya...........................c. 605-c. 609
Babai the Great (never consecrated)................609-628 with...
Mar Aba (never consecrated)........................609-628
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In 604 the Assyrian Catholicos Sabrisho died and a new Catholicos had to be elected. The
synod rejected the candidate of the King Chosroes II and elected Gregory instead. When this
Catholicos Gregory died in 608/9 the royal physician Gabriel of Shiggar suggested Henana of
Adiabene, a theologian whose ideas approached those of the Council of Chalcedon. The
majority of the Church was horrified and rejected Henana. Until his death the king did not
allow the Church to choose a new Catholicos of their own. To circumvent the royal
proscription, Babai the Great was appointed 'visitor of the monasteries' of the north, and
administered the church in collaboration with Archdeacon Mar Aba. In particular, this new
position allowed Babai to investigate the orthodoxy of the monasteries and monks of northern
Mesopotamia, and to enforce discipline throughout the monasteries of northern Mesopotamia,
even against occasional resistance. Babai the Great and Mar Aba administered the Nestorian
Church for 17 years until Chosroes II was murdered in 628. After this Babai was promptly
elected Catholicos. But he declined. Soon afterward he died in the cell of his monastery, being
75 or 77 years old.
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Mar Isho-Yab II.................................c. 628-c. 645
In 635 the first documented Nestorian missionaries arrived in China.
Mar Immeh.......................................c. 645-c. 649
Persia conquered by the Caliphate 649/50 - most Nestorians within Muslim lands hereafter.
Mar Isho-Yab III Kdayawaya.....................c. 649-660

Mar Guiwarguis I...................................661-680
Mar Yochanan I Bar Marta...........................681-683
vacant
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Mar Hanan-Isho (Khnanishu) I....................c. 685-700 and ?...

Mar Yochanan II Garba..............................693-694
vacant
Mar Sliwa Zkha.....................................714-728
vacant
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
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Pethion........................................731-740
Aba II.........................................741-751
Sorine.............................................752
Yacob II.......................................754-773
Hanan-Isho II..................................774-780
Timotheus I....................................780-820/3
Isho bar Noun................................820/3-825/8
Guiwarguisis II................................828-830
Sabrisho II...................................831-836
Abraham II of Margaya..........................837-850
vacant
Baghdad era
Mar Teadasis (Theodosius) I of Athanassious......852/3-858
vacant
Mar Suwaya (Sergius) I.............................860-872
vacant
Mar Israel of Kashkar..................................877

Mar Annush (Annoshel) of Beth-Garmai (Kirkuk)......877-884
Mar Yochanan III bar Narsai........................884-892
Mar Yochanan IV....................................893-899
Mar Yochanan V bar Abgar...........................900-905
Mar Abraham III Abraza............................905-937
Mar Emmanuell I.................................c. 937-960
Mar Israel (Esrail) Karkhaya.......................961-962
Mar Abdisho I of Garmaqaya.........................963-986
Mar Bar-Tobia II Mari Aturaya......................987-1000
Yochanan VI Yoannis ibn Issa......................1000-1011
Yochanan VII bar Nazuk............................1012-1020
Isho-Yab IV Bar Ezechiel..........................1020-1025
vacant
Mar Eliyya I of Tehran............................1028-1049

Yochanan VIII Bar Targala......................1049/50-1057
Sabrisho III bar Zanbur........................1057/63-1071/2
Abdisho II bar Ars Autraya........................1072-1090/1
Makkikha I bar Shlemon............................1092-1108/10
Mar Eliyya II Bar Maqli...........................1110-1132
Bar Sauma I.....................................1133/4-1136
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vacant
Abdisho III Bar Moqli.............................1139-1148

Isho-Yab V al-Baladi..............................1148-1176
Eliyya III Abu Khalim.............................1176-1190
Yab-Alaha II bar Qaiyuma..........................1190-1222
Sabrisho IV Bar Qaioma............................1222-1226
Sabrisho V Ibn-Almassihi..........................1226-1256
Makkikha II.......................................1257-1265
Tabriz era
Dinkha I Epiphane Aribilaya.......................1265-1281/2

Yab-Alaha III bar Turkaye.........................1283-1317
Timotheus II Arbilaya.............................1318-1328/32
Dinkha II Karemles.............................1329/32-1364
Dinkha III........................................1359-1368
Mosul era
Mar Shimun II.....................................1368-1392
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vacant
Alqosh era
Mar Shimun III....................................1403-1407
vacant
Mar Eliyya IV.......................................c. 1437
The line of Alqosh:
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
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Shimun IV Bassidi..........................c. 1437-1497

Shimun V (sometimes called Mar Yochanan)...c. 1497-1501
Eliyya V...................................c. 1502-1503
Shimun VI.....................................1505-1538
Eshuyow Shimun VI/VII......................c. 1538-1551
Patriarch Mar Shimun IV Bassidi ruled that his office would only pass to members of his
own family ( to a nephew, since the Patriarch was celibate). This formalized nepotism
caused a great deal of controversy within the Church. In 1551, Yohanan (or Hanna)
Sulaqa (or Soulaqa) was declared a rival Patriarch. At the suggestion of Franciscan
missionaries, Sulaqa made his way to Rome, where he was ordained in 1553 as a Catholic
Patriarch. Meanwhile, the hereditary line of Alqosh continued to rule over a segment of
the Church for another 250 years.
The line of Alqosh (continued):
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Dinkha Shimun VII/VIII bar Mama...............1552-1558 with...

Shimun VIII/IX................................1551-1558
Eliyya VI.....................................1558-1576
Eliyya VII....................................1576-1591
Eliyya VIII (in communion with Rome)..........1591-1617
Eliyya IX Shimun (in communion with Rome).....1617-1660
Eliyya X Yohannan Marogin.....................1660-1700
Eliyya XI Marogin.............................1700-1722
Elyya XII Denha...............................1772-1778
Eliyya XIII Isho-Yab..........................1778-1804
In 1804 the line of Alqosh died out, and the community there accepted the authority of the
Catholic-aligned Patriarch at Mosul.
CATHOLIC (CHALDEAN) PATRIARCHS The branch of the church that entered
communion with Rome became known as the Chaldean church. Its liturgy and doctrines
remained largely unchanged and it has been compared with the Maronite church, i.e., a church
that is outwardly Eastern in nature but has a nominal connection with the Papacy.
Yochanan Sulaqa Shimun VIII (in Diyarbakr)........1552-1555
Abdisho IV Maroun (in Sirt)......................1555-1567
Vacant............................................1567-c. 1578
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Yab-Alaha V....................................c. 1578-1580

Mar Shimun IX Denkha (in Urmia).................1580/1-1600
Mar Elia Shimun X (in Salamas).................c. 1600-1638
Mar Eshuyow Shimun XI..........................c. 1638-1656
Mar Yoalaha Shimun XII (in Urmia).................1656-1662
The eighth Chaldean Patriarch, Shimun, broke with Rome. The Pope, in retaliation, appointed
(in 1681) a new Patriarch of the East who continued the Chaldean line. Those who followed
Shimun's schismatic movement became the Assyrian Orthodox Church of the East (see
below).
[Mar Shimun XIII Dinkha (in Qochanis; schismatic), 1662-1681 d.1700] (see also below in
Assyrian Patriarchs)
Mar Yusuf I (in Diyarbakr)........................1681-1695

Mar Yusuf II......................................1696-1713
Mar Yusuf III.....................................1713-1757
Mar Yusuf IV......................................1757-1781
Mar Yusuf V.......................................1804-1828
Yochannan VII Hormez (in Mosul)...................1830-1838
Nicolas Zaya......................................1840-1848
Joseph VI Audo....................................1848-1878
Eliyya XIV Abo-Alyonan............................1879-1894
Abdisho V Khayat..................................1894-1899
Joseph Emmanuel II Toma...........................1900-1947
Joseph VII Ghanima (in Baghdad)...................1947-1958
Paul II Cheikho...................................1958-1989
Raphael I BeDaweed (in Beirut)....................1989-2003
Emannuel Deli (in Baghdad ?)......................2003-
ASSYRIAN ORTHODOX PATRIARCHS The group that broke with Rome returned
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(theoretically) to the traditions of the Eastern Church prior to the innovations of the House of
Alqosh.
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Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Mar
Shimun
Shimun
Shimun
Shimun
Shimun
Shimun
Shimun
XIII Dinkha (in Qochanis)...........c. 1662-1700

XIV Shlemon............................1700-1740
XV Maqdassi Mikhail Mukhattis..........1740-1780
XVI Yuna...............................1780-1820
XVII Abraham...........................1820-1860/1
XVIII Ruwil..........................1860/1-1903
XIX Benyamin (in Salamas)..............1903-1918
Shimun XIX was murdered during the strife that followed the collapse of Ottoman control in
Iraq, in which Iraqi Christians were massacred in many cities.
Mar Shimun XX Polos (in Mosul)....................1918-1920

Mar Shimun XXI Ishaya (in San Francisco)..........1920-1975
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Shimun XXI was assassinated, possibly by Iraqi agents in retaliation for his opposition to the
Hussein regime.
Mar Dinkha IV (in Chicago)........................1976-
**************************************************
COPTIC PATRIARCHS OF ALEXANDRIA The Copts - the word is a

Westernization of the Arabic al-Qibt, itself derived from the Greek gyptioi, = "an Egyptian" - as an
identifiable ethnic group came into being when Arab Muslim residents began calling themselves alMisri [Arabic for "Egyptian"], reserving "al-Qibti" for the indigenes (purely as an aside, the native
Egyptian term for themselves is "Khem", from which the word "Chemistry" is derived). They are the
largest Christian sect in Egypt, and have long been in conflict with the Orthodox community of that
country. The Coptic Church split with Orthodoxy in the late 440's after the Fourth Ecumenical
council declared Monophysitism, the doctrine that Jesus had a single nature (as opposed to a human
and a divine nature) was heresy. The Copts appointed their own patriarchs in Jerusalem, Antioch and
elsewhere, but the most important patriarchate was that of Alexandria, which existed alongside the
Orthodox patriarchate (rarely peacefully). Today the Coptic Patriarchs of Alexandria have the title of
Pope and the Coptic church shares communion with other Monophysite churches, including the
Jacobites of Syria, the Armenian church, and the Abyssinian Church of Ethiopia. It should be noted
that in recent decades the Coptic and Orthodox communities have achieved a more careful
understanding of the nature of the conflict between the two, with the result that the original
Monophysite controversy has been nearly abandoned as a significant issue.
There is a very real sense in which these people are the lineal heirs to the entire weight of ancient
Egyptian heritage and culture; for although they are drastically outnumbered by their Muslim
neighbours, the Coptic liturgical language (spoken in everyday life as late as the 17th century) is the
directly evolved descendent of the ancient Egyptian language. Persecuted or heavily restricted for
better than 1550 years, the Coptic community very gradually grew smaller, more insular, and less
vital. Just in the last 45 years or so, they have undergone something of a renaissance, though. Pope
Kyrillos VI decided that they needed to reach out or die, and so he encouraged the establishment of
Coptic parishes around the world. The effort seems to have been successful, and now Coptic
churches can be seen in many locales undreamt of in earlier ages. In each, part of the liturgy is
devoted to prayers for the continued well-being of Egypt and of the Nile.
The list is the same as that of the Orthodox patriarchs of Alexandria until the schism of the late
440's.
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Timotheos II Eluros...................457-460, 475-477

Petros III Monge..........................477, 482-489
Athanasios II Keletes..........................489-496
Yoannis I......................................496-505
Yoannis II.....................................505-516
Dioscoros II...................................516-517
Timotheos III..................................517-535
Theodosios I...................................535-566
Gaanos............................................535
Elpidios....................................... ? -565
Dorotheos......................................565-580
Theodoros (not accepted by majority)...........575-587
Petros IV......................................575-578
Damianos.......................................578-607
Anastasios.....................................607-619
1st Caliphate (Ummayad 661-750, Abbasid 750-868) era 641-868
Andronikos.....................................619-665 opposed by...

Benjamin I.....................................626-665 and also...
Mina...............................................634
Agatho.........................................665-681
Yoannis III....................................681-689
Isaac.......................................689 ? -692 ?
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opposed by...
and then...
and then...
> opposed by...
and also...
Simeon I.......................................692-700 opposed by...

Theodoros......................................fl. c. 695
Alexandros II..................................702-729
Kosma I........................................729-730
Theodoros II...................................730-742
Mikhael I......................................743-767
Mina I.........................................767-775
Yoannis IV.....................................776-799
Markos II......................................799-819
Yakub..........................................819-830
Simeon II..........................................830
Yousab I.......................................831-849
Khail (Mikhael) II.............................849-851
Kosma II.......................................851-858
Tulunid era 868-905
Shenouda I.....................................859-880
Khail (Mikhael) III............................880-907
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vacant
2nd Caliphate (Abbasid) era 905-935
Gabriel I......................................910-921
Kosma III......................................921-933
Ikhshidid era 935-969
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Macari I....................................933 ? -953 ?

Theophelios (Theophanes).......................953-956
Fatamid era 969-1171
Mina II........................................956-974
Abraham (Ephrem)...............................975-978
Philotheos.....................................979-1003
Zacharias.....................................1004-1032
Shenouda II...................................1032-1046
Khristosolos..................................1047-1077
Kirellos II...................................1078-1092
Mikhael IV....................................1092-1102
Macari II.....................................1102-1128
vacant
Gabriel II....................................1131-1145
Mikhael IV or V...............................1145-1146
Yoannis V.....................................1146-1166
Ayyubid era 1171-1253
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Markos III....................................1166-1189
Yoannis VI....................................1189-1216
vacant
Kirellos III..................................1235-1243
vacant
Bahri Mamluq era 1253-1290
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Athanasios III................................1250-1261
Yoannis VII...................................1261-1268 d. 1293
Gabriel III...................................1268-1271
Yoannis VII (restored)........................1271-1293
Theodosios III................................1294-1300
Yoannis VIII..................................1300-1320
Yoannis IX....................................1320-1327
Benjamin II...................................1327-1339
Petros V......................................1340-1348
Marcos IV.....................................1348-1363
Yoannis X.....................................1363-1369
Gabriel IV....................................1370-1378
Burji Mamluq era 1390-1517
Matheos I.....................................1378-1408
Gabriel V...................................1408/9-1427/8
"Mikhael IV" ? (existence problematic).............1428
Yoannis XI....................................1428-1453
Matheos II....................................1453-1466
Gabriel VI....................................1466-1475
vacant
Mikhail IV (VII)..............................1477-1478
vacant
Yoannis XII...................................1480-1483
Yoannis XIII..................................1483-1524
vacant
Gabriel VII...................................1526-1569
vacant
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Yoannis XIV...................................1573-1589
Gabriel VIII..................................1590-1601
vacant
Marcos V (VI).................................1610-1621 ?
Yoannis XV.................................1621 ? -1631 ?
Matheos III................................1631 ? -1645 ?
Marcos VI (VII)............................1645 ? -1660
Matheos IV....................................1660-1676
Yoannis XVI...................................1676-1718
Petros VI.....................................1718-1726
Yoannis XVII..................................1727-1745
Markos VIII...................................1745-1770
Yoannis XVIII.................................1770-1797
French era 1798-1801, 2nd Ottoman era 1801-1805, and Khedive era 1805-1882 (-1953)
Markos IX.....................................1797-1810
Petros VII....................................1810-1854
Kirellos IV...................................1854-1861
Dimitrios II..................................1862-1870
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vacant
Khedive under British protection 1882-1922, Fully independent Kingdom 1922-1953
Kirellos V....................................1874-1928
Yoannis XIX...................................1929-1942
vacant
Makari III....................................1944-1945
Modern Era 1953-
Yusab II......................................1946-1956
vacant
Kirellos VI...................................1959-1971
Shenouda III..................................1971-
ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE As can be appreciated above, the Armenian

people have seldom held a secure and independent realm of their own, but have often been at the
mercy of the neighbours. In some ways resembling Diaspora Jewry in that Armenians have normally
been found as isolated communities throughout the Middle East, their religion has been a powerful
source of unity to them, and has been enormously influential in preserving the identity of the culture.
Since the 15th century, the seat of the Patriarchate has been in the ancient city of Etchmiadzin, about
10 miles west of the current Armenian capital of Yerevan, and about 7 miles north of the
Armenian/Turkish frontier. The Armenian Church is a Monophysite communion, and therefore is
most closely related to Syrian, Coptic and Ethiopian branches of Christianity. See also, the Armenian
Patriarchate of Jerusalem. For a neighbouring Church hierarchy, Eastern Orthodox in it's theology,
see below, the Georgian Patriarchate. Also note, just following, the Armenian Roman Catholic
communion.
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Note. The first nine names on this list are legendary or apocryphal, and are not attested to in
any sources other than traditional hagiography.
St. Thaddeus the Apostle............................43-66 and...

St. Bartholomew the Apostle.........................60-68
St. Zacharias.......................................68-72
St. Zementus........................................72-76
St. Atrnerseh.......................................77-92
St. Mushe...........................................93-123
St. Shahen.........................................124-150
St. Shavarsh.......................................151-171
St. Leontius.......................................172-190
unknown...
St. Merozanes (in Sophene).........................240-270
unknown...
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First Etchmiadzin era 314-452 Note. Until 428, the chief Armenian ecclesiastic was an
hereditary office.
GREGORID
St.
St.
St.
St.
Syrian
Daniel.................................................347
ASHISHATTS'
Pharen I...........................................348-352
GREGORID
Nerses I the Great.................................353-373
MANAZKERTTS'I (ALBANIOSID)
Shahak I...........................................373-377
Zaven..............................................377-381
Aspuraces I........................................381-386
GREGORID
St. Sahak I........................................387-428 d. 439
Syrian
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Brkisho............................................428-432
Samuel.............................................432-437
1st non-hereditary ruler
St. Hovsep I.......................................437-452
Note. Following the removal of Samuel, St. Sahak was offered restoration, but refused. St.
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Gregory I the Enlightener......................314-325

Aristaces I....................................325-333
Vrtanes........................................333-341
Husik..........................................341-347
Hovsep assumed the duties, but was not confirmed by Persian authorities, and consequently
might be considered as more a vicar than Patriarch. After this era, the Patriarchate was purely
elective and not hereditary.
Dvin era 452-992
Melitus............................................452-456
Moses I............................................456-461
St. Kyud...........................................461-478
St. John I.........................................478-490
Papken I...........................................490-516
Samuel I...........................................516-526
Mushe I............................................526-534
Sahak II...........................................534-539
Christopher I......................................539-545
Ghevond............................................545-458
Nerses II..........................................548-557
John II............................................557-574
Moses II...........................................574-604
Abraham I..........................................607-615
Gomidas............................................615-628
Christopher II.....................................628-630 d. aft. 630
Ezra...............................................630-641
Nerses III the Builder.............................641-661
Anastasius.........................................661-667
Israel Ot'msets'i..................................667-677
Sahak III..........................................677-703
Elias..............................................703-717
St. John III the Philosopher.......................717-728
David I............................................728-741
Dertad I Ot'msets'i................................741-764
Dertad II..........................................764-767
Sion...............................................767-775
Isaiah.............................................775-788
Stephen I..........................................788-790
Joab...............................................790-791
Solomon............................................791-792
George I...........................................792-795
Joseph I...........................................795-806
David II...........................................806-833
John IV............................................833-855
Zacharias I........................................855-876
George II..........................................877-897
St. Mashdotz.......................................897-898
John V the Historian...............................898-929
Stephen II.........................................929-930
Theodore I.........................................930-941
Yeghishe...........................................941-946
Ananias............................................949-968
Vahan..............................................968-969
Stephen III........................................969-972
Khachig I..........................................973-992
Ani era 992-1058
Sarkis I...........................................992-1019 d. aft. 1019

Peter.............................................1019-1058
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Sivas era 1058-1062, Tavbloor era 1062-1066
Khachig II........................................1058-1065
Zamidia era 1066-1116
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Gregory II the Martyrophile.......................1066-1105

Basil.............................................1105-1113
Dzovk era 1116-1149, Hromgla era 1149-1293
Gregory III.......................................1113-1166
St. Nerses IV the Graceful........................1166-1173
Gregory IV the Young..............................1173-1193
Gregory V.........................................1193-1194
Gregory VI........................................1194-1203
John VI the Affluent..............................1203-1221
Constantine I.....................................1221-1267
Jacob I the Learned...............................1268-1286
Constantine II the Woolmaker......................1286-1289
Stephen IV........................................1290-1293
Sis (Cilician) era 1293-1441
Gregory VII.......................................1293-1307
Constantine III...................................1307-1322
Constantine IV....................................1323-1326
Jacob II..........................................1327-1341 d. 1359
Mekhitar..........................................1341-1355
Jacob II (restored)...............................1355-1359
Mesrob............................................1359-1372
Constantine V.....................................1372-1374
Paul I............................................1374-1382
Theodore II.......................................1382-1392
Garabed...........................................1393-1404
Jacob III.........................................1404-1411
Gregory VIII......................................1411-1418
Paul II...........................................1418-1430
Constantine VI....................................1430-1439
Gregory IX........................................1439-1441
Second Etchmiadzin era 1441-
Giragos...........................................1441-1443
Gregory X.........................................1443-1465
{ Aristaces II (Coadjutor).....................1465-1469
Sarkis II the Relic-Carrier.......................1469-1474
John VII the Relic-Bearer.........................1474-1484 d. 1506
Sarkis III the Other..............................1484-1515
Zacharias II......................................1515-1520
Sarkis IV.........................................1520-1536
Gregory XI........................................1536-1545
Stephen V.........................................1545-1567
Michael...........................................1567-1576
Gregory XII.......................................1576-1590
David IV..........................................1590-1629 d. 1633.
Moses III.........................................1629-1632
Philip............................................1633-1655
Jacob IV..........................................1655-1680
Eliazar...........................................1681-1691
Nahabed...........................................1691-1705
Alexander I.......................................1706-1714
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Asdvadzadur.......................................1715-1725
Garabed II........................................1725-1729
Abraham II........................................1730-1734
Abraham III.......................................1734-1737
Lazar.............................................1737-1751
Minas.............................................1751-1753
Alexander II......................................1753-1755
Sahak V (elected but never consecrated)................1755
vacant
Jacob V...........................................1759-1763
Simeon............................................1763-1780
Luke..............................................1780-1799
Joseph (II)(elected but never consecrated).............1800 d. 1801
David V...........................................1801-1807 opposed by...
Daniel............................................1802-1808
Yeprem............................................1809-1830 d. 1835
John VIII.........................................1831-1842
Nerses V..........................................1843-1857
Matthew I.........................................1858-1865
George IV.........................................1866-1882
vacant
Magar.............................................1885-1891
Mgrdich...........................................1892-1907
Matthew II........................................1908-1910
George V..........................................1911-1930
vacant
Khoren............................................1932-1938
vacant
George VI.........................................1945-1954
Vasken............................................1955-1994
Karekin I.........................................1995-1999
Karekin II........................................1999-
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ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE (Roman Catholic) In the late 1600s

and early 1700s, Rome began to send missions to various Eastern churches in an attempt to bring
them into communion with the Catholic church. One such mission led to the schism between the
Assyrian and Chaldean churches. Another, less successful one was sent to Armenia and culminated
with the appointment of an Armenian Catholic patriarch.
Apraham Bedros I..................................1740-1749

Hagop Bedros II...................................1749-1753
Mikael Bedros III.................................1753-1780
Parsegh Bedros IV.................................1780-1788
Krikor Bedros V...................................1788-1812
vacant
Krikor Bedros VI..................................1815-1841

Hagop Bedros VII..................................1842-1843
Krikor Bedros VIII................................1844-1866
Andon Bedros IX...................................1866-1881 d.
by...
Jacob (anti-patriarch).............................fl. c. 1870
Stepan Bedros X...................................1881-1899
Boghos Bedros XI..................................1899-1904
Boghos Bedros XII.................................1904-1910
Boghos Bedros XIII................................1910-1931
Avedis Bedros XIV.................................1931-1937
Krikor Bedros XV..................................1937-1962 d.
Iknadios Bedros XVI...............................1962-1976 d.
Hemaiag Bedros XVII...............................1976-1982 d.
Hovhannes Bedros XVIII............................1982-1998 d.
Nerses Bedros XIX.................................1999-
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1884 opposed
1971
1979
1999
---
MOSCOW; the Patriarchate Although this archive is mainly concerned with

temporal sovereignty, some discussion of ecclesiastic authorities is inevitable, and in the case of the
Primates of Russia, far more necessary than normal. Knyazy, Tsars, and Commissars may come and
go, foreigners may invade only to be washed away again, but the Russian Orthodox Church has been
the essence of what has kept this culture vibrant and alive through every time of trouble. Here is a
note on the leadership of the church since the establishment of the Metropolitan Bishops in Moscow,
under the Mongols. (For the secular rulers of Moscow, see just below, under Muscovy). For listings
of the Four Primates of the Greek Orthodox Church, go to the Eastern Patriarchates page.
Metropolitans of Kiev, 988-1305

See Kiev (Metropolitans)
Metropolitans of Moscow and Vladimir
St. Peter (in Moscow from 1318)...............1304-1326
vacant
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St. Theognostus...............................1328-1353
St. Alexius (I)...............................1354-1378
vacant
St. Cyprian...................................1380-1385 d.1407

Pimen (I).....................................1385-1390
St. Cyprian (restored)........................1390-1407
St. Photius...................................1408-1431
Isidore the Apostate..........................1437-1441 d.aft.1441
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vacant
Metropolitans of Moscow and all Russia (Jonas, just below, was the first to be elected
without the sanction of Constantinople, thus establishing the Russian Church as a fully
independent body.)
St. Jonas.....................................1448-1461
Theodosius....................................1461-1464
Philip I......................................1464-1473
Gerontius.....................................1473-1489
Zosimus.......................................1490-1494 d.aft.1494
Symeon........................................1495-1511
Varlaam.......................................1511-1521
Daniel........................................1522-1539
Joasaphus.....................................1539-1542
Macarius......................................1542-1563
Athanasius....................................1564-1566 d.aft.1566
Gherman............................................1566
St. Philip II.................................1566-1568 d.aft.1569
Cyril.........................................1568-1572
Anthony.......................................1572-1581
Dionysius.....................................1581-1587
vacant
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia
Jove..........................................1589-1605 d.
Ignatius......................................1605-1606 d.
St. Hermogenus................................1606-1612 d.
Philaret (Fyodor N. Romanov - father of Tsar Michael I)1619-1633
Joasaphus I...................................1634-1642
Joseph........................................1642-1652
Nikon.........................................1652-1658 d.
{
Pitirim, Metropolitan of Krutitsy, Coadjutor 1658-1667 d. 1673
Joasaphus II..................................1667-1672
1607
aft. 1606
aft. 1612
1681
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Pitirim of Krutitsy (restored, as Patr.)......1672-1673

Joachim.......................................1674-1690
Adrian........................................1690-1700
{ Stefan Yavorskiy, Metrop. of Ryazan, Coadjutor 1700-1721
Between 1721-1917 the Russian Orthodox Church was administered by a Holy Synod,
consisting of the most influential Metropolitans, Archbishops and Bishops. Moscow itself was
administered by a territorial Archbishop (combined with Vladimir 1721-1745, with Sevsk
1745-1764, with Kaluga 1764-1799), then Metropolitan (combined with Kaluga, 1799-1917).
{ Metropolitans of Moscow
{
{
Iosif....................................1742-1745
Platon I.................................1745-1754
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
{
Hilarion of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens) 1754-1757
Timofei..................................1757-1767
Ambrosius................................1767-1771
Samouel of Krutitsy (Locum Tenens) 1771-1775
Platon II................................1775-1811
Augustin.................................1811-1819
Serafim..................................1819-1821
Filaret..................................1821-1867
Innocent.................................1868-1879
Macarius I...............................1879-1882
Joannicius...............................1882-1891
Leontius.................................1891-1893
Sergei...................................1893-1898
Vladimir.................................1898-1912
Macarius II..............................1912-1917
Patriarchs of Moscow and all Russia
St. Tikhon....................................1917-1926
vacant
Sergius, Coadjutor 1928-1943, Patriarch.......1943-1945

Alexius I (II)................................1945-1970
Pimen (II)....................................1970-1991
Alexius II (III)..............................1991-
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d. 1843
d. 1900
d. 1918
d. 1926
THE ETHIOPIAN (Abyssinian) CHURCH The Ethiopian Church is

arguably one of the oldest continuously existing churches in the world. It was founded around the
year 330 by Frumentius, a Syrian shipwrecked in Ethiopia and later ordained a bishop by St.
Athanasius of Alexandria and returned to Ethiopia to help with the continued evangelization of the
country. In the late 400's the "Nine Saints", a group of exiled Coptic theologians, brought Coptic
beliefs to Ethiopia and brought the country in communion with the Copts of Egypt and the Jacobites
of Syria. Ethiopian Christianity retains several pagan and Jewish traditions, including circumcision.
Liturgy is in the Ge'ez language, though increasingly Amharic is used. Most of the bishops of
Ethiopia were Egyptians appointed by the Coptic Pope in Alexandria. In the early 20th century the
Ethiopian church pressed for greater autonomy. In 1948 the Abyssinian Orthodox (Ethiopian Coptic)
Church was made autocephalus under its Metropolitan; in 1959 the Metropolitan was raised in status
to Patriarch, answering only in theory to the Pope in Alexandria. Bear in mind while examining this
list that there tended to be significant gaps between administrations, because of the exceedingly
lengthy and dangerous journey required by representatives of the Ethiopoan Church to Alexandria in
order to report the vacancy, followed by an equally difficult return to the distant southern mountains
with the new candidate.
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Bishops (Abuna) of Axum (under Orthodox Patriarch of Alexandria)
Abba Slama Ksat-Berhan Frumentius...........333-mid 300's

Minas
Abreham.................................late 300's-early 400's
Petros
It is uncertain whether or not Petros and Abreham are the same person
Abba Afse...............................late 400's-early 500's
Afse was one of the Nine Sages who led Ethiopia to become Coptic.
Qozmos.........................................fl. early 500's

Euprepius......................................fl. early 500's
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Metropolitans of Ethiopia From the 620's on Ethiopia was a Metropolitan see of the Coptic
church.
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Qerellos.....................................620's-mid 600's
??
Yohannes....................................c. 820-840
Ya'eqob I......................................fl. mid 800's
Slama Z-'Azb................................fl. 800's
Brtlomwos...................................fl. 900's
Petros.............................................920's opposed by...
Minas and...
Fiqtor
vacant......................................c. 940-970's
Daniel.........................................fl. late 900's
Fiqtor.........................................fl. 1000's
Sawiros.......................................1077-1092
Giyorgis.......................................fl. 1090's
Mikael.........................................fl. early-mid 1100's
Ya'eqob II
Gabra Krestos
Atnatewos......................................fl. late 1100's
?
Mikael of Fuwa................................1206-1209 opposed by...
Hirun (pretender)
Yeshaq........................................1210- ?
Giyorgis.......................................fl. c. 1225
Tekle Haimanot.................................fl. 1200's
Yohannes (XIII ?)..............................fl. c. 1300

Yaqob (III ?)..............................c. 1337-1344
vacant
Salama II.....................................1348-1388
vacant
Bartalomewos................................1398/9-1436
1622-1632
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Mikael........................................1438-1458 with...
Gabriel.......................................1438-1458
vacant 1458-81
Yeshaq........................................1481-c. 1520 and...

Marqos (VIII ?)...............................1481-c. 1530
?
Self-proclaimed Ethiopian Orthodox Abuna, Catholic Patriarch of Ethiopia and Alexandria
John Bermudez..............................c. 1536-c. 1545 opposing...
Coptic Patriarch
Endyras....................................c. 1545- ? opposed by...
Catholic Bishop
Andre de Oviedo...............................1557-1577
Coptic Patriarch
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Petros (VI ?).................................. ? -1606

Simon.........................................1607-1622 d. 1624 opposed
by...
Catholic Bishop
Afonzo Mendes.................................1622-1632
Mendes was Portuguese, and seized the Patriarchate with the help of local Portuguese
merchants and soldiers. He led a short-lived conversion of the country to Roman Catholicism.
Coptic Patriarch
Rezek.........................................1634- ?
Marqos (IX ?)..................................fl. mid 1600's
Abba Mikael....................................fl. late 1600's d. 1699
Marqos (X ?)..................................1694-1716
vacant
Krestodolo (III ?).........................c. 1718-1745

Yohannese (XIV ?)..........................c. 1747-1770
Yosab (III ?).................................1770-1803
Makarios.......................................fl. c. 1808
Kyrillos (III ?)..............................1816-1829
vacant
Selama III....................................1841-1866
vacant
Atanasios.....................................1868-1876
Petros (VII ?)................................1876-1889 d. 1918
Mattheos (X ?)................................1889-1926
Qerellos......................................1926-1950
Patriarchs of Ethiopia in 1959 the Coptic Pope elevated the Ethiopian church to the rank of
Basilios......................................1951-1970
Theophilos....................................1971-1976 d. 1979
Tekle Haimanot................................1976-1988
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an autocephalous Patriarchate.
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Tekle Haimanot was imprisoned in 1986, creating an administrative vacuum of sorts, although
he remained Patriarch until his demise two years later.
Merkurios.....................................1988-1991
Paulos........................................1992-
Eritrean Church Autocephaly granted by Coptic Church in 1993; see elevated to a Patriarchate
by the Coptic Pope in 1998.
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Patriarchate of Eritrea
Phillipos (Archbishop of Asmara 1993-98)......1998-2002

Yacob.........................................2002-2003

Patriarcas Orientales

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Eastern Patriarchates

In every way as important to an understanding of Asia Minor and the L

ALEXANDRIA Modern Iskandariyah, in Egypt. The city, founded by Macedonian

Roman era, to 395

St. Mark I the Evangelist...........................43-61 d. 63

Byzantine era 395-641

St. Eulogius I.....................................581-607

Early Caliphate era 641-750 (Ummayad from 661)

First Abbasid era 750-868

Tulunid era 868-905

Second Abbasid era 905-935

Ikhshidid era 935-969

Ayyubid era 1171-1253

Mamluq era 1253-1517

Ottoman era 1517-1805

Khedive era 1805-1953

Modern era 1953-

Christopher II....................................1939-1966 d. 1967

Roman era to 395

St. Peter the Apostle...............................45-53 d. 64

First Byzantine era 395-637

Flavian I (successor to St. Meletius I)............381-404 opposed by...

Evagrius (successor to Paulinus II)................388-392

Caliphate era 637-750 (Ummayad from 661)

Abbassid era 750-969

Second Byzantine era 969-1084

Seljuq era 1084-1098

Nicephorus.....................................1079/80- < 1089

Latin era 1098-1268

John V............................................1089-1100 d. aft.1113

Mamluk (Egyptian) era 1268-1517

Euthymius I.................................... < 1258-1274

Michael IV......................................1470/4- < 1484

Ottoman era 1517-1922

Michael V.................................... < 1523/4-1529 opposed by...

Modern era 1922-

ANTIOCH: Latin PatriarchsThe Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office

Opizo Fieschi.....................................1247-1268 (d. 1292)

ANTIOCH: Jacobite PatriarchsThe Jacobite Patriarch is one of at least six

See Orthodox list prior to 544

Paul II the Black of Alexandria....................550-575

Peter III of Raqqa.................................581-591

Caliphate era 637-750 (Ummayad from 661)

Abbassid era 750-969

Theodosius Romanos of Takrit.......................887-896

Second Byzantine era 969-1084

John VII bar Abdun................................1004-1033

Latin era 1098-1268

John X bar Mawdyono...............................1129-1137

Ignatius III David................................1222-1252

Mamluk (Egyptian) era 1268-1517

Ignatius Yeshu I..................................1509-1512

Ottoman era 1517-1922

Modern era 1922-

Ignatius Afram I Barsoum..........................1933-1957

ANTIOCH - THE MELKITE CATHOLICSLike the Maronites, the

See Orthodox Patriarchs to 1724

Maximos III Mazloum...............................1833-1855

Modern era 1922-

ARMENIAN PATRIARCHATE For a listing of the leaders of the Armenian

CILICIA: ARMENIAN CATHOLICOSES With the establishment of an

Same as Armenian Patriarchate, to 1441

Bedros I (coadjutor) 1601-1608