Introduction
Dr. Tahir Zaidi
DSP is Everywhere
Sound applications
Compression, special effects, synthesis,
recognition, echo cancellation,
Cell Phones, MP3, Movies, Text-to-speech,
Communication
Automotive
9/20/2011
DSP is Everywhere
Medical
Magnetic Resonance, Tomography,
Electrocardiogram,
Military
Mechanical
9/20/2011
analog
signal
A/D
digital
signal
DSP
digital
signal
D/A
analog
signal
9/20/2011
9/20/2011
DSP Introduction
Application of mathematical operations
to digitally represented signals
IN
OUT
A/D DSP
D/A
x[1]
x[0]
n
-3 -2 -1 0
9/20/2011
Discrete
Time Signal
General Introduction
sequence x[n]
- as opposed to continuous-time
signals x(t)
- time = independent variable
Discrete
in Nature
Examples
- stock market indices
NasDaq daily closing value from Aug 1995 to Jan 1996
- population statistics
Birth in Canada from 1995-1996 to 1999-2000
9/20/2011
Example
Sampled continuous-time (analog) signals
- Speech
Digital Images
2-D arrays (matrices) of numbers
9/20/2011
Data Storage
& Transmission
Ultrasound
Medical
Imaging
Spy
Satellite
Imaging
Military
Appls
Real
Time DSP
Embedded
Systems
Video
Communications
Digital
Radiographic
Imaging
Space
Imaging
Appls
Real Time
Video Cameras
& Cell Phones
Speech
Recognition
Car Awake
warning system
Optical
Wearable
Computers
Impulse
Train
Generator
u(n)
Noise
Generator
Timevarying
digital
filter
s(n)
9/20/2011
An Embedded System
Real Time
Operating
system
Control Panel
ASIC
Controller Process
User interface
process
Embedded signal
Processing System
MICROCONTROLLER
System Bus
FPGA
Host port
Host port
PROGRAMMABLE
DSP
PROGRAMMABLE
DSP
Memory interface
Memory interface
CODEC
Analog
interface
DSP
Assembly
Code
SBSRAM
From RF Board
A/D
TMS320C6201
8-bit DAC &
LPF
Xilinx 4062
To RF Board
DDS
68332
49.152
MHz
Sine wave
clock
amplifier &
squarer
square wave I/O
output
FLASH
SRAM
Bitstream
Output
9/20/2011
I-Input
IN
SPI
AD9640
DUAL ADC
14BIT, 105 MSPS
AVDD=1.8V/310mA
DVDD=1.8V/34mA
DRVDD=3.3V/35mA
AD8352
Differential
Amp
Q-Input
/2
Clock
Generator
AD9513
3 outputs
SSN
Silicon Serial Number
47
Ethernet PHY
DP83848I
IOVDD=3.3V/150mA
AVDD=3.3V/100mA?
LQFP-48
64-LFCSP_VQ
16-LFCSP_VQ
RSSI
Analog
Interface
4-Bit
SOIC-16
Ethernet
Interface
RJ45
AUDIO SERIAL PORT
ASP HEADER
20
HMC610
RSSI
x2
8 Channel ADC
MCP3008
VD=3.3V/0.5mA
PA
interface
Filter
Selection
T/R Switch
Sythesizer
Interface
IN
I-Output
IN
Q-Output
AMP
FILTER
NETWORK
Not
implemente
d
Spartan3
SUPPORTS
LVCMOS-1.8
HPI / VLYNQ
interface
LVCMOS_1.8V
RS232 TRANSCEIVER
MAX3232EID
SOIC-16
2x MT47H64M16BT-5E
1G DDR SDRAM
64M x 32
1.8VD/mA?
32BIT
DSP
TMS320DM6446
CVDD 1.2V/767mA
DVDD 1.8V/102mA
DVDD 3.3V/6mA
28F256J3, 128Mb
16MB Intel Strata flash
3.3V/80mA
32
OSC
TQFP-48
EXP
HEADER
JTAG
PBGA-N361
16-32 IO
Digital Power
(SMPS)
1.2VD
1.8VD
2.5VD
3.3VD
IN
POWER
IN
Analog
(LDO Linear PSU)
1.8VA
3.3VA
167
PLATFORM
FLASH
XCF08P 3.3VD/20mA
GC5016
Quad Wideband DUC/DDC
VPAD=3.3V/180mA
VCORE=1.8V/420mA
JTAG
FSG-48 (BGA)
FG-676 (BGA)
PBGA-252
Revision: 1.3
Drawn by: ASK
Algo4
Proprietary
FEC
Framer 1
V.35
16
QAM
OFDM
Device 1
Device 0
FPGA
Device 4
DSP
10
9/20/2011
SDR Platform
Key Features
1. DSP core from TI
2. FPGA from Xilinx
3. Dual-channel analog-to-digital
converter
4. Dual-channel digital-to-analog
converter
5. Bandwidth (5 MHz or 20 MHz)
6. RF module operating between 360
MHz and 960 MHz
7. Ethernet remote access capabilities
8. ARM Processor
Design Options
1. Tactical military communications
2. Military communication gateways
3. Handset and man pack systems
4. Vehicular systems
Course Objectives
To establish the idea of using computing
techniques to alter the properties of a signal
for desired effects, via understanding of
Fundamentals of discrete-time, linear, shiftinvariant signals and systems in
Representation and Analysis: sampling, quantization,
Fourier and z-transform;
Implementation: filtering and transform techniques;
System Design: filter & processing algorithm design.
11
9/20/2011
Course Outline
Course Outline
12
9/20/2011
Prerequisite
A fundamental course in signal and
system
Liner System analysis and transform
analysis
convolution and filtering
Fourier transforms
Laplace and z transforms
Textbooks
Oppenheim, Schafer and Buck,
Discrete-Time Signal Processing, 2nd
edition (Prentice-Hall, 1999)
Mathematics of DSP
Refrences:
McClellan, Schafer, & Yoder, DSP First
Ifeachor Jervis Digital Signal ProcessingA Practical Approach, Prentice Hall
13
9/20/2011
Historical Perspective
Who is who of DSP
14
9/20/2011
15
9/20/2011
16
9/20/2011
Inventor: J. Kaiser
Inventor: Haskell
17
9/20/2011
Decoder
Pitch
Period
Signal Power
Pulse Train
V/U
G
Vocal Tract
Model
Synthesized Speech
Random Noise
18
9/20/2011
DSP Components
Microprocessor
Any CPU that is contained on a single
chip
Little chip is the heart of a computer.
Often referred to as just the processor
Does all the computations like adding,
subtracting, multiplying, and dividing
In PCs, most popular Intel Pentium chip
In Macs, the PowerPC chip (Motorola, IBM,
and Apple)
19
9/20/2011
20
9/20/2011
Event Driven
Actions of the system are in response to events,
not a predefined sequence.
Resource constrained
Memory Size, speed, power constrained
Special purpose
Device must only perform certain well defined
tasks
21
9/20/2011
Comparison of Options
Specific HW
Gen Purpose HW
NRE/Dev Cost
Speed
Flexibility
Time to Market
Production Cost
22
9/20/2011
Emulation / Debugging
In-Circuit Emulator
Debug Kernel BIOS
JTAG Emulation
Interactively Run Code
Breakpoints
Single Step
Watch Variables
processor specific
23
9/20/2011
TI TMS320C6713 DSP
DMA Controller
Serial Ports (I/O)
Multiple Computation Units
Cache
On-chip PLL
Host Port Interface
Timers
Floating Point Units
24
9/20/2011
25
9/20/2011
26