Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier Methods
Avancier
Initiate
Establish capability
Establish directives....
Scope the endeavour
Get vision approved
Govern
Manage
Plan
Training at http://avancier.website
Architect
Avancier
Architecture domains
From Business through Information Systems to
Technology
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Business
Process
Process
Information
Systems
Data
Training at http://avancier.website
Business
Process
Process
Information
Systems
Data
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
IT platform
Technologies
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Survey 1
960
177
56
39
27
24
35
19
16
16
14
9
6
4
4
4
3
2
2
1
1
Survey 2
141
433
105
75
53
53
21
37
70
27
Avancier
Survey 1
960
177
56
Enterprise architects
Elaboration
Refinement
Specialisation
Concretion
Solution(s) architects
Technical architects (mostly specialists)
Training at http://avancier.website
Abstraction
Survey 2
141
433
105
Architects as seniors
Avancier
Circa 2007!
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
The UK standard
A small selection of roles shown below
Note the seniority of EA and SA roles
Role
Enterprise architecture
Solution architecture
Project management
Business analysis
Business modelling
Requirements definition and
management
System design
Database design
Software development
Database admin
Responsibility level
2
2
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
6
6
6
6
6
6
2
2
2
2
3
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
6
6
Training at http://avancier.website
7
7
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Solution Architects
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Lead others by
shaping and direct solutions
Attend early to
critical non-functional requirements and
physical design matters
Govern delivery
may double as a project-level technical/software lead.
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Solution Architect
Requirements
Specialists
Database
Specialists
Software
Specialists
Technology
Specialists
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Enterprise Architects
Training at http://avancier.website
does not follow the same rules or processes as another doing the same thing
is not joined up
Silos are the result of architects being given only narrow projectspecific objectives.
Where to find the motivation and ability to avoid or reduce silo
solutions?
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
EA is more
Strategic
Cross-organisational
Abstract
SA is more
Tactical
Local
Concrete
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Integration
Coordinated
Unified
Low integration
Diversified
Replicated
Training at http://avancier.website
coarse-grained descriptions,
generic components
idealised/conceptual models, and
strategic road maps.
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
de-duplicated,
standardised,
interoperable and/or integrated.
Integration
Has to
Understand the enterprises estate,
Deliver cross-organisational road maps and EA collateral, and
Govern Solution Architects to ensure that solutions are
High
Low
Training at http://avancier.website
Low
High
Standardisation
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
a hardware product
a production line
a marketing strategy
an IT data centre
organisation design from a sociological perspective
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Skills
Knowledge
Terms and concepts
Techniques
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
(which may cut across other domain road maps and business change plans)
Data
Specialists
App
Specialists
Technology
Specialists
Solution Architect
Requirements
Specialists
Database
Specialists
Software
Specialists
Technology
Specialists
Training at http://avancier.website
Enterprise Architect
Solution Architect
Often works for a service provider in the bid and/or delivery phase.
Shapes and steers a solution, usually at a project level.
Avancier
Aims for delivery quality: focused on critical success factors, esp. nonfunctional qualities.
Responsible for the completeness of solution outlines and high-level designs.
Understands all facets of system design well enough to join up a coherent
solution architecture
Shares responsibility for time and cost of solution delivery.
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Business
Architecture
Data
Architecture
Enterprise Architecture
Solution Architecture
Software Architecture &
Technical Specialisms
Training at http://avancier.website
Applications
Architecture
Technology
Architecture
Business
Enterprise level
Solution level
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Business
view
Information/data
view
Applications
view
Infrastructure Platform
view
Enterprise/Business
Standardisation & integration
of business roles & processes
Business function/capability hierarchy
Business products & services catalogue
Business processes and roles
Etc.
Enterprise/Data
Data standardisation & integration
Data store & data flow catalogues
Maps data to business functions
Business data model & views of it
Canonical data model(s)
Core business data entity life cycles
Etc.
Enterprise/Apps
Business app standardisation &
integration
Business app portfolio/catalogue
Maps business apps to business functions
Business app life cycles and road maps
Etc.
Enterprise/Platform
Platform standardisation & integration
Platform technology portfolio/catalogue
Platform services portfolio/catalogue
(TRM)
Platform technology life cycles and road
maps
Etc.
Solution/Business
For a required system/solution:
Business services
Business processes and roles
Mappings to goals & locations
Requirements catalogues
Use case diagrams and definitions
Outline UI (or other I/O) designs
Etc.
Solution/Data
For a required system/solution:
Maps data to processes and roles
Logical data models
CIA requirements
Data qualities/meta data
Etc.
Solution/Apps
For a required system/solution:
Maps use cases to processes and roles
Maps business apps to use cases
Design for NFRs
Coarse-grained app components
Coarse-grained sequence diagrams
Etc.
Solution/Platform
For a required system/solution:
Maps platform to business apps
Platform technology definitions
Client & server node definitions
Design for NFRs
Outline deployment diagrams
Outline network diagrams
Etc.
Software/Business
Detailed use case definitions
Detailed UI designs
Governs UI implementation
Etc.
Software/Data
Detailed database design
Detailed message design
Governs database administration
Etc.
Software/Apps
Detailed (fine-grained) software design
Governs software development
Etc.
Software/Platform
Detailed deployment diagrams
Detailed network diagrams.
Governs platform and network
configuration
Etc.
Training at http://avancier.website
Organisation A
Avancier
Business
Apps
Data
Enterprise Architects
Solution Architects
BA
Solution Designers
Training at http://avancier.website
Infrastructure
Organisation B
Data
Business
Avancier
Apps
Strategic plan
Business Analysts
Systems Analysts
Infrastructure
Enterprise
Architects
Outline solution
Detailed design
Technical specification
DBAs, Programmers, and Operators
Training
at http://avancier.website
Code
and
configuration
Solution
Architects
Software Architects
and Technical Specialists
Organisation C
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Organisation D
Avancier
Drivers
Strategic
Management
Products &
Services
Channels
Other
management
functions
Business
Arch
Processes
and Data
OD
HR
FM
The
EA space
Customer Business
Goals, Visions &
Segments Model Initiatives
Organisation
Applications
Design
Operating
Model
Human
IT
Infrastructure
Infrastructure
Offices
Data Centres
Training at http://avancier.website
Data
Arch
Apps
Arch
IT
Arch
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Architect:
Master builder [from the Greek].
One who designs buildings and superintends their construction.
Any maker; a contriver.
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Install systems
Manage operational systems
Monitor systems and diagnose faults
Mend a system when issues arise
Document a (baseline) system after it
is built
Training at http://avancier.website
Architects as architects
Contextual information
stakeholders, concerns,
requirements, principles,
time, cost, and other
precursors that architects
must respond to.
Avancier
System descriptions
idealise
abstract level
inform
Operational systems
Architects
Training at http://avancier.website
Architects as describers
Avancier
Architectural
description
specifies the structure
and behaviour of a
system;
can exist before and after
the system
idealise
Architects
Training at http://avancier.website
a collection of interacting
subsystems; an
encapsulated set of
processes that transform
input into outputs.
Architects as describers
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Should
Understand business and technical contexts
Understand design patterns and trade offs,
Understand the strengths and weakness of materials
Create and evaluate different options
Make decisions
Design and describe new (target) systems
To an acceptable level of detail
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Encapsulation by services in
interfaces
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Constraints
Depth
Large
Little
Vacuous
Medium
Little
Sketchy
Large
Moderate
Sketchy
Medium
Moderate
Elaborate
Small
Little
Elaborate
Large
Lots
Elaborate
Small
Moderate
Fulsome
Medium
Lots
Fulsome
Small
Lots
Complete
Training at http://avancier.website
Vision
Outline
Plan
Build
Implement
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Architect as governor
Avancier
Hand
over
Govern
operational
change
Training at http://avancier.website
Architects should
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Where architects are called in after major design decisions have been
made by non-architects, the architect is left with a fire-fighting role, for
which they also need to understand architecting.
From a LinkedIn discussion
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
Architecture backgrounds
From Business to Technology
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Business
Requirements
Infrastructure
Data
Applications
Software
Training at http://avancier.website
Technology
Avancier
Business
Requirements
Infrastructure
Data
Applications
Software
Training at http://avancier.website
Technology
Avancier
Business
Requirements
Infrastructure
Data
Applications
Software
Training at http://avancier.website
Technology
Avancier
Business
Requirements
Infrastructure
Data
Applications
Software
Training at http://avancier.website
Technology
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Training at http://avancier.website
Avancier
Avancier
BCS E&SA
reference model
ArchiMate
Language
Framework
http://avancier.co.uk
TOGAF
The Open Group
Avancier
Methods
CSCs domains of
change (POLDAT)
IBMs view EA
EA as Strategy
MIT
Training at http://avancier.website