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Resumen
Sen, Amartya. Las teoras del desarrollo a principios del siglo XXI, Cuadernos
de Economa, v. XVII, n. 29, Bogot, 1998, pginas ?-?.


Este artculo revisa el estado actual de las teoras del desarrollo teniendo
en cuenta la experiencia histrica y la evolucin interna de la teora desde
finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Aunque la comprensin del desarrollo ha
mejorado, se han hecho generalizaciones indebidas y extrado lecciones
infundadas. Sen rechaza la oposicin entre Estado y mercado y entre
planificacin y rentabilidad, y pone de relieve las diferencias entre dos
visiones ideales y extremas del desarrollo: la concepcin BLAST, que lo
considera como un proceso cruel, de sangre, sudor y lgrimas, y la
concepcin GALA, que lo considera amigable y cooperativo. Critica la idea de
que la supresin de los derechos humanos y otros sacrificios son necesarios
en las primeras etapas del desarrollo. Muestra que el concepto de capital
humano es un avance terico y prctico, pero an insuficiente puesto que
concibe al ser humano como mero instrumento y no como fin en s mismo. Y
propone una visin ms profunda que acepte la importancia de la capacidad de
la poblacin para valorar, elegir y actuar libremente; as, combinando la
accin del Estado, la funcin del mercado y el papel de las organizaciones
comunitarias, el desarrollo debe proporcionar a toda la poblacin las
oportunidades necesarias para vivir dignamente y ejercer una plena libertad.


Abstract
Sen, Amartya. Development Theory at the Beginning of the Twenty-first Century,
Cuadernos de Economa, v. XVII, n. 29, Bogot, 1998, pages ?-?.
This article reviews the current state of development theory taking into
account the historical experience and internal evolution of the theory since
the end of the Second World War. Although understanding of development has
improved, undue generalizations have been made and unfounded lessons have been
extracted. Sen rejects the opposition between state and market and between
planning and profitability, and emphasizes the differences between two ideal
and extreme visions of development: the BLAST concept, which he considers to
be a cruel process of blood, sweat and tears, and the GALA concept, which he
considers friendly and cooperative. He critiques the idea that the suppression
of human rights and other sacrifices are necessary in the first stages of
development. He demonstrates that the concept of human capital is a
theoretical and practical advance, but still insufficient since it conceives
of the human being as a mere instrument and not as an end in itself. He
proposes a more profound vision which accepts the importance of the capability
of the population to value, choose, and act freely; thus, combining the action
of the state, the functioning of the market, and the role of community
organizations, development should provide to the entire population the
opportunities necessary to live with dignity and exercise full freedom.

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