THE PULSE OF AUTOMATION

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE
ULTRASONICS BY PEPPERL+FUCHS

TECHNOLOGY GUIDE
ULTRASONICS

Automation is our worlG.

A perfect application solution is our goal.
A willingness to take entrepreneurial risks, a
pioneering spirit, anG a rm Eelief in their own
inYentiYe powers these were the assets that
:alter Pepperl anG LuGwig Fuchs starteG out with
when the\ openeG their 0annheim raGio repair
shop in . Their inYention of the pro[imit\
switch a few \ears later proYeG their strength.
It was also the starting point in a successful
histor\ GeneG E\ close customer relationships
as well as innoYatiYe automation technologies
anG proceGures.

Then as now, our focus is sTuarel\ on the inGiYiGual

reTuirements of each customer. :hether as a
pioneer in electrical e[plosion protection, or as
a leaGing innoYator of highl\ ecient sensors
the intensiYe communication with our customers
is what alloweG us to Eecome the leaGer in
automation technolog\. Our main oEMectiYe is
comEining state-of-the-art technologies anG
comprehensiYe serYices to optimi]e our customers
processes anG applications.
For more information, please Yisit our weEsite
www.pepperl-fuchs.com

Content
1. Principles
1.1. Function

1.2. Sound Beam and Response Curve



1.3. Operating Modes



1.4. Switching Outputs



1.5. Analog Output



,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV

30

1.7. Installation and Assembly

3

1.8. Synchronization and Multiplex Modes

3

2. Applications
2.1. Level Measurement



2.2. Mobile Equipment



2.3. Material Handling

6

2.4. Food and Beverage

60

2.5. Doors, Gates, and Elevators

62

Sensor Technolog\ with a Finger

on the Pulse of Automation
Nature shows us how precisel\ sonar s\stems work eYen the most sophisticateG camouage
cannot help a moth if it is in the range of a Eats natural sonar. 'olphins use the same principle
to nG their pre\ in murk\ water. Both of these animals oEtain their Easic means of suEsistence
E\ Getecting anG eYaluating the echo of sonic waYes. Their sensors work reliaEl\, eYen unGer the
most challenging conGitions.

In industrial applications, ultrasonic sensors are

characteri]ed E\ their reliaEilit\ and, in particular,
E\ their tremendous Yersatilit\. The\ can Ee used
to solYe eYen the most comple[ of tasks inYolYing
the detection of oEMects or leYels, Eecause their
measuring method works reliaEl\ under almost all
conditions. Ultrasonic sensors are a relatiYel\ new
technolog\. B\ the time the\ were introduced to
the industr\, optical and inductiYe methods had
alread\ Eeen estaElished for man\ \ears.
But oYer the past 30 \ears, ultrasonic technolog\
has caught up and proYen its suitaEilit\ for
eYer\da\ use in impressiYe fashion. Pepperl+Fuchs
and Siemens pla\ed an important role in this
deYelopment. Since we took oYer Siemens
pro[imit\ switch diYision in 200, we haYe Eeen
aEle to draw on the 30 \ears of e[perience gained
E\ Eoth sides in this area.

All measuring methods are pushed to their ph\sical

limits in certain applications. Ultrasound rst came
into use when reliaEle sensors were sought for
applications for which e[isting methods were not
suitaEle. The new principle e[panded the range of
metrological options, Eut for a long time was seen
onl\ as a solution for particularl\ trick\ scenarios
and was eYen considered to Ee a rather comple[
form of technolog\.
These times haYe long since passed eYen if
eYer\one is not \et aware of this.

Ultrasonic sensors haYe successfull\ passed

practical endurance tests in Yirtuall\ all industrial
sectors. No other measuring method can Ee
successfull\ put to use on such a wide scale and
in so man\ dierent applications. The deYices are
e[tremel\ roEust, making them suitaEle for eYen
the toughest conditions. The sensor surface cleans
itself through YiEration, Eut that is not the onl\
reason wh\ the sensor is insensitiYe to dirt. The
ph\sical principle the propagation of sound
works, with a few e[ceptions, in practicall\ an\
enYironment, no matter how dust\ or dirt\.

As the gloEal market and technolog\ leader for

ultrasonic sensors in the industr\, we are aEle to
oer the largest portfolio of standard products in
this area, featuring optimal solutions for most
applications. If this is not enough, we also haYe
the e[pertise and infrastructure to Tuickl\ and
e[iEl\ respond to our customers reTuirements
we deYelop and manufacture our ultrasonic
transducers in our own technolog\ center and haYe
a dedicated department of rst-class e[perts on
hand for application-specic deYelopment work.
Our slogan, The pulse of automation Ultrasonics
E\ Pepperl+Fuchs, descriEes the area where we
e[cel and denes our aspiration to alwa\s Ee the
Eest in this eld.
'r. Peter Adolphs
0anaging 'irector of 'eYelopment 0arketing
Pepperl+Fuchs *mEH

1. Principles | 1.1. Function

Ultrasound for
Superior Performance
Ultrasonic sensors precisel\ detect oEMects made from Yarious materials
regardless of their shape, color, or surface contour. The\ operate using
high-freTuenc\ sound waYes that are inaudiEle to the human ear.
1.1.1. Physical Principles
Sound waYes with a freTuenc\ aEoYe appro[imatel\
6 kH] are referred to as ultrasonic. These sound
waYes can traYel through a wide Yariet\ of media
and effectiYel\ detect or monitor oEMects with a
relatiYel\ high densit\. Common ultrasonic targets
include solids, liTuids, and granular materials.
Sound waYes cannot traYel in a Yacuum.
Because the transmission properties and speed
of sound change in different media, sensors must
Ee adapted specificall\ to each medium.
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are optimi]ed
for the propagation of sound waYes in the air. The
ultrasonic transducer operates freel\ in the air and
cannot Ee used underwater.

Structure of an ultrasonic sensor.

Ultrasonic transducers work at different freTuencies

in the range of 60 kH] to 0 kH]. As the ultrasonic
freTuenc\ increases, so does the attenuation of
the sound waYes in the air. Therefore, long-range
sensors work at low freTuencies, and short-range
sensors work at high freTuencies.

Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors use pie]oceramics

to produce ultrasonic waYes. A pie]oceramic is
connected to two electrodes. It is electricall\
actuated with the corresponding freTuenc\ and
then operates as an emitter for emitting sound
waYes into the air. :hen the sound waYes are
reflected Eack from an oEMect, the transducer
serYes as a receiYer and conYerts the sound waYes
Eack into an electrical signal. Basicall\, it conYerts
the electrical energ\ to acoustic energ\, transmit
mode and then conYerts the returned acoustic
energ\ Eack to electrical energ\ receiYe mode.
A patented decoupling la\er is glued to the
pie]oelectric transducer with epo[\ resin to couple
and decouple the ultrasonic waYes to the
surrounding air.
An additional metal ring is installed to achieYe
the tightest possiEle sound propagation. The
pie]oceramic, decoupling la\er, and metal ring
are assemEled into a housing. The watertight
assemEl\ is then emEedded in pol\urethane foam
PUR to ensure an unrestricted YiEration.

This Easic design was deYeloped and patented

oYer three decades ago and has Eeen continuall\
improYed E\ Pepperl+Fuchs.
For e[ample, conYentional transducers produce a
main Eeam and what are known as side loEes. This
creates a Eeam with a relatiYel\ large diameter.
:here installation space is limited, the large
diameter and side loEes can Ee a proElem.
:orking to improYe transducer technolog\,
Pepperl+Fuchs has had a significant influence on
the shape and range of the ultrasonic Eeam. Years
of research haYe resulted in long-range sound
Eeams with almost no side loEes.

The most recent generation of Pepperl+Fuchs

sensors includes transducers Must  mm in
diameter with ranges of oYer 2 m, and 30 mm
diameter transducers with  m ranges.
Special transducer models and sensors in
stainless-steel housings are aYailaEle for
applications with aggressiYe materials, such as
chemicals, acids, or alkalis. In these models, the
entire transducer pie]o, decoupling la\er, foam
is coated with a chemicall\ resistant film PTFE,
FEP that protects the assemEl\ from the aggressiYe media.
The transducers are sealed in a stainless-steel
housing. This not onl\ enaEles them to Ee used
in aggressiYe enYironments, Eut also fulfills
conYentional h\giene reTuirements for the food
industr\.

1. Principles | 1.1. Function

1.1.2. Ultrasonic Principle

Ultrasonic sensors are aEle to detect an oEMect
without making ph\sical contact and determine its
distance from the sensor. 'epending on the t\pe
of sensor, these distances can range from a few
centimeters up to ten meters. The sensor emits
ultrasonic pulses that are then reflected E\ an
oEMect. The generated echo is receiYed again E\
the sensor and conYerted into an electric signal
Yia the pie]oelectric transducer. This is known as
the propagation time of sound.
The sensor measures the time lag Eetween the
emitted ultrasonic pulse and the receiYed echo
and calculates the distance to the oEMect using the
speed of sound. At room temperature, the speed
of sound in air is aEout 3 ms.

The ultrasonic sensor measures the time difference

Eetween the emitted pulse and receiYed echo.

Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors detect

oEMects made from different materials, such as
wood, metal, or plastic, regardless of their
shape or color, and these oEMects can Ee solid,
liTuid, or in powder form. The onl\ reTuirement
is that the\ are aEle to reflect sound waYes Eack
to the sensor.
Some oEMects, howeYer, could reduce the
operating range. These include oEMects with a
large, smooth, and slanted surface or porous
targets such as felt, wool, or foam ruEEer.
The sensing range of an ultrasonic sensor
depends on the surface properties and angle of
the oEMect. The longest sensing ranges are
achieYed with oEMects that haYe a flat surface
standard reflector positioned at an e[act right
angle to the sensor a[is.

9er\ small oEMects or oEMects that partiall\ deflect

the sound will reduce the sensing range. OEMects
with smooth surfaces must Ee positioned as close
as possiEle to an angle of 0r. Rough surfaces can
tolerate much larger angular deYiations.
EnYironmental effects must also Ee considered.
The Eiggest influence on the accurac\ of an
ultrasonic sensor is the air temperature.
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are eTuipped
with compensation circuitr\ to eliminate temperature
effects on the sensor output. RelatiYe humidit\
and Earometric pressure must also Ee considered.

1. Grundlagen | 1.1 Funktionsweise

Ultrasonic sensors detect a wide Yariet\ of materials and

are not affected E\ proElematic surfaces.

1. Principles | 1.1. Function

1.1.3. Evaluation of Measurement Results

Ultrasonics haYe transducers that alternatel\ emit
sound and wait for the sound waYes reflected from
the oEMect. But Eecause the transducer continues
YiErating after emitting a pulse, the echoes
cannot Ee receiYed immediatel\. This dela\
corresponds to a Elind ]one. This Elind ]one is
located directl\ in front of the sensor, and the
target cannot Ee reliaEl\ detected. No oEMects
should Ee placed in this area. Note, howeYer,
that sensors with separate emitter and receiYer
transducers thru-Eeam sensors haYe no Elind
]one.

The sensing range is the area Ee\ond the Elind

]one where the detection of oEMects is possiEle.
It is defined E\ the shortest and longest distance.
Ultrasonic sensors can eYaluate the distance to an
oEMect or a liTuid surface within the sensing range
using a Yariet\ of methods
Q

The distance can Ee conYerted to an analog

Yalue and issued Yia industr\-standard analog
outputs 00 9, 20 mA. An arEitrar\
measuring window can Ee set within the near
and far eYaluation limits of the sensor.
The relatiYe data determines the position of the
oEMect in the measuring window.

The distance can Ee transmitted directl\ to

a controller PLC as a digital Yalue, e.g. Yia
IO-Link.
The distance can Ee internall\ compared with the
configured switching limits. If an oEMect is located
in the switching area, this is indicated at a Einar\
switching output, such as PNP or NPN.

Switching or analog area LE' illuminates

Blind ]one

OEMect

Sensing range

10

1.1.4. Adjustment within the Sensing Range

:ithin the sensing range, it is possiEle to define
distance limits or windows switching range,
analog range using a Teach-In function, a
potentiometer, or programming software.

Teach-In

Potentiometer

Teach-In ultrasonic sensors allow users to define

Yarious parameters, such as range, a switching
limit, or analog limit. SeYeral functions and
operating concepts are aYailaEle, depending on
the sensor t\pe and design.

Potentiometers attached directl\ to the deYice are

another option for adMusting switching or analog
limits. Potentiometers haYe onl\ one function
the\ adMust a single limit Eeginning or end of the
switching range or analog range.

L

L

LE' \ellow
L2

LE' \ellow
T

T2

Sensors with small housings usuall\ haYe a

function input. Connecting the input to suppl\
Yoltage L+ or L configures the desired Teach-In
Yalue and saYes it permanentl\ in the sensor.
The function input can Ee connected manuall\
or with a Teach-In adapter. The function input is
connected to the suppl\ Yoltage using a switch.
CuEe-st\le and larger c\lindrical housings
030 often feature controls such as Euttons or
programming plugs, which can Ee used to trigger
the Teach-In process directl\. Using programming
software, different functions such as switching
limits NO contactNC contact or analog limits,
sound Eeam properties, and analog characteristics
can Ee changed on the different Teach-In leYels.
'ifferentl\ colored LE's and different flashing
freTuencies confirm correct Teach-In processes,
report error messages, or signal the current
Teach-In leYel.

Status LE's indicate the presence of an oEMect in

the switching or analog range, or signal a fault\
adMustment.

Potentiometer 2
'eYice connector

LE' 
\ellow

LE' 2
\ellowgreen

L2

LE' greenred

Setting the switching or analog limits using a Eutton.

Potentiometer 

Temperature proEe

Setting the switching or analog limits using a potentiometer.

11

1. Principles | 1.1. Function

Programming Software
The easiest wa\ to adMust the sensor is using
programming software.
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors can Ee
programmed using the ULTRA3000, SONPRO*,
PACTware IO-Link, or ULTRA-PRO*-IR. These
programs proYide instant communication Eetween
the sensor and the computer. Rather than manuall\
t\ping in each command or parameter, adMustments
are made with a simple mouse click.

You can easil\ set the sensor parameters, displa\

the commands sent to and receiYed E\ the sensor,
and displa\ the most recentl\ measured distance.
In addition, \ou haYe precise control of features
not found in ordinar\ sensors, including
Q

Sensing range and Eoundaries

E[tended sensing ranges

Blind ]one telling the sensor to ignore oEMects

within a certain range directl\ in front of itself

SensitiYit\ Eeam width

NumEer of pulses eYaluated per output

H\steresis

Sound Eurst times

Temperature offset

Output mode

Pros and Cons of Different Operating Concepts

'uring the Teach-In process, an oEMect is positioned
in the sensing range and its position is recorded
with millimeter precision. This product can also Ee
used as the reference oEMect.
Teach-In processes are usuall\ performed Yia a
function input when the s\stem or machine is
Eeing commissioned.
This reTuires manual wiring or a Teach-In adapter.
'uring operation, Teach-In Yalues can Ee changed
onl\ with manual interYention in the wiring
tamper-resistant.

12

For deYices with Teach-In push Euttons, the Yalues

can Ee changed easil\ eYen after the s\stem has
Eeen installed and commissioned. For e[ample,
switching limits or analog limits can Ee adMusted
when process control leYels are changed. 0an\
Pepperl+Fuchs sensors proYide Teach-In locking to
preYent the Teach-In Yalues from Eeing accidentl\
changed.
Setting the switching limits or analog limits Yia
a potentiometer eliminates the need to modif\
the wiring. In addition, the set limit Yalue can Ee
Yisuall\ recogni]ed from the potentiometer
position.

HoweYer, it is difficult to adMust deYices with

potentiometers with millimeter precision.
Setting the sensor using programming software
comEines the adYantages of Teach-In and
potentiometer operating concepts. Switching
limits or analog limits can Ee set with or without a
reference oEMect. The set Yalues are seen on the
screen and are easil\ adMusted with millimeter
precision. The programming software also
proYides the option of changing man\ other sensor
parameters sound Eeam modification, aYerageYalue filter, dela\ times, etc. to adapt the sensor
perfectl\ to its application.

13

1. Principles | 1.2. Sound Beam and Response Curve

Ultrasonic Sensor Sound Beam

Easil\ 0odiaEle
The Eeam of an ultrasonic sensor has a critical inuence on the reliaEle
detection of an oEMect.
The recognition EehaYior of the sound Eeam is
also referred to as the response curYe. The curYe
shows the distance at which a particular oEMect
can Ee reliaEl\ detected.
The response curYe mainl\ depends on the
reflectiYe properties of the oEMect. The surface
area, shape, and densit\ determine where it can
Ee detected. OEMects with a large surface area and
optimum orientation are more easil\ recogni]ed
than small, round oEMects or oEMects with poor
reflectiYe properties.
Sound Eeam diagrams for Yarious oEMects, e.g. a
standard 00 00 mm plate or 2 mm diameter
rod, can Ee found in the Pepperl+Fuchs data
sheets.
The Eeam width can Ee adMusted on man\ models,
focusing the sensor precisel\ on the target oEMect.
For most ultrasonic sensor applications, it is Eest
to haYe a relatiYel\ narrow Eeam pattern to aYoid
unwanted reflections.

14

1.2.1. Factors Influencing the Sound Beam

Object Shape and Surface

Level, smooth surfaces at right angles to the

sensor axis return the best reflections. If the angle
to the surface object is not 90, the returning
sound can be deflected away from the transducer,
and it will no longer be detectable.
Larger angle deviations are possible when
recording rough or uneven surfaces.

20C, 0% humidity, wide sound beam with 11 m range

70C, 20% humidity, small sound beam with 4 m range

1,000

Sound beam width in mm

A major advantage of ultrasonic detection is its

ability to recognize most materials and surfaces.
Color is of no consequence. Ultrasonic sensors
can detect solids, liquids, or powders. Surface
properties have no effect on the reliability of
detection. It doesnt matter if the surface is rough,
smooth, high gloss, or transparent. Surfaces can
also be dirty, wet, or dry.

2,000

1,000

2,000
0

1,000 2,000

3,000 4,000 5,000

6,000

7,000 8,000

9,000 10,000 11,000 12,000

Distance in mm

The amplitude of the reflected ultrasonic signal

must be high enough to allow reliable measurement.
Similarly, high levels of dust and humidity reduce
the acoustic energy and can reduce the maximum
range of the ultrasonic sensor.

Temperature and Humidity

Dust, Rain, and Snow

The range of ultrasonic signals is also influenced

by the relative humidity and temperature of the
ambient air. Generally speaking, the sensing range
decreases with increasing temperature and
increasing humidity. This reduction is not linear
and differs from sensor to sensor.

Heavy dust, rain, or snow reduce acoustic energy

and can diminish the beam or reduce the maximum range of ultrasonic sensors.
Light dust and dirt deposits on the transducer
surface will not influence measurement.
Accumulation of water, snow, and ice must be
prevented with proper installation (i.e. protective
enclosures).

15

1. Principles | 1.2. Sound Beam and Response Curve

A[ial sound Eeam
modification and lateral
sound Eeam modification.

 6RXQG%HDP0RGLFDWLRQ
Ultrasonic sensors with adMustaEle sound Eeams
allow the sensing threshold to Ee customi]ed. The
sensing range can Ee adMusted to suit the oEMect
Eeing detected Yia programming software or a
Teach-In function.
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are programmed
using the ULTRA3000, SONPRO*, PACTware
IO-Link, or ULTRA-PRO*-IR software.
The\ enaEle precise control of the oYerall acoustic
Eeam width. This means that the Eeam can Ee
reduced in Eoth length a[ial sound Eeam and
width lateral sound Eeam.

A[ial sound Eeam

modification.

Lateral and a[ial sound Eeam width can also Ee

adMusted independentl\. This allows disruptiYe or
reflectiYe oEMects within the sensing range to Ee
suppressed.
Reducing the sound Eeam si]e allows disruptiYe
oEMects or attachments on machines or in tanks to
Ee suppressed.

Lateral sound Eeam

modification.

16

1. Grundlagen | 1.2 Schallkeule und Ansprechkurve

:ith the ULTRA-PRO*-IR software, disruptiYe oEMects can

also Ee suppressed using specific programming of Elind
]ones without modif\ing the Eeam.
The oEMect can no longer Ee detected in this Elind ]one.

17

1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes

The Right Sensor for

EYer\ Application
Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors determine the distance to an oEMect using
the echo transit time method. The measured distance can Ee eYaluated and
displa\ed in dierent wa\s.

The distance to the oEMect is conYerted into an

analog Yalue and displa\ed at the sensors analog
output e.g. 00 9, 20 mA.
Ultrasonic sensor in diffuse mode.

18

AlternatiYel\, the oEMect distance can Ee directl\

transmitted to a controller as a digital Yalue Yia a
special interface e.g. IO-Link.

 'LXVH0RGH6HQVRUV
For ultrasonic sensors with switching outputs, the
output state changes when an oEMect is detected
within the set switching range. A distinction is also
made Eetween NO and NC functions, depending
on the response to the oEMect.
For sensors with switching outputs, different
operating modes can Ee set using appropriate
assemEl\ and configuration.

Ultrasonic sensors are most commonl\ used in

diffuse mode.

Properties
Q

The emitter and receiYer are located in the same

housing. The target acts as a sound reflector.

Eas\ to install, onl\ one sensor head

Foreground and Eackground suppression
possiEle window mode
OEMect serYes as a reflector, alignment is
important
Switching freTuenc\ is lower compared to a
thru-Eeam sensor

LeYel measurement in a tank using an ultrasonic sensor.

19

1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes

 5HWURUHHFWLYH6HQVRUV
In retroreflectiYe mode, the ultrasonic transducer
is also used as an emitter and receiYer.
Unlike diffuse mode sensors, the ultrasonic signal
is constantl\ reflected E\ a permanentl\ installed
reflector.
An aligned metal or plastic panel can Ee used as
a reflector. An e[isting Eackground such as a wall,
conYe\or Eelt, or the floor can also Ee used.

Ultrasonic sensor in retroreflectiYe mode.

20

As long as there is no oEMect Eetween the sensor

and reference reflector, the sensor receiYes a
constant echo from the reflector. :hen a detected
oEMect enters the sensing range, the reflection
of the ultrasound signal changes and the sensor
detects the presence of the oEMect.

In general, the following three scenarios will

trigger switching
. A small oEMect located in front of the reference
reflector is detected E\ the sensor, i.e. the
ultrasonic sensor receiYes an additional echo
from the reference reflector.
2. A large oEMect is detected and completel\
oEscures the reference reflector, i.e. the
ultrasound sensor receiYes an echo onl\
from the large oEMect and no echo from the
reference reflector.

3. A large, slanted oEMect in front of the reference

reflector is not detected Eut oEscures the
reflector, i.e. the ultrasonic sensor does not
receiYe an echo from the oEMect or the reference
sensor.
All three scenarios trigger switching at the ultrasonic
sensor output.
RetroreflectiYe sensors are especiall\ recommended
for reliaEle detection of sound-aEsorEing oEMects.
The\ are also suitaEle for oEMects without reliaEl\
detectaEle surfaces, e.g. smooth, slanted
surfaces such as a car windshield. There are no
Elind ]ones in this operating mode.

Properties
Q

Eas\ to install, onl\ one sensor head

ReliaEl\ detects proElematic oEMects
sound-aEsorEing, slanted surfaces
Reference oEMectEackground is used as a fi[ed
reflector the oEMect disturEsEreaks the Eeam
Switching freTuenc\ is lower compared to a
thru-Eeam sensor

ReliaEle detection of a slanted oEMect on a conYe\or Eelt E\ using the retroreflectiYe mode.

21

1. Principles | 1.3. Operating Modes

1.3.3. Thru-Beam Sensors

Ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors use dedicated
emitter and receiYer transducers contained in two
separate housings. The eYaluation electronics
and outputs are housed with the receiYer.
The sensors are mounted opposite one another
on a common a[is. :hen an oEMect interrupts the
sound Eeam, the sensor switching output is
actiYated.
The receiYer sensitiYit\ can usuall\ Ee set
Teach-In, potentiometer for different interYals
Eetween the emitter and receiYer andor for
different oEMect si]es.

Ultrasonic sensor in thru-Eeam mode.

22

This mode is e[tremel\ resistant to e[ternal

disturEances. It also douEles the range and
enaEles oEMects to Ee reliaEl\ detected at
significantl\ greater distances. The switching
freTuenc\ is consideraEl\ faster, as the sensor
does not haYe to continuousl\ switch Eetween
transmission and reception modes.

Properties
Q

Two sensor heads must Ee installed and wired

Long range, i.e. large distance Eetween emitter
and receiYer possiEle
ReliaEl\ detects proElematic oEMects
sound-aEsorEing, slanted surfaces
9er\ high switching freTuenc\, defined
response characteristics

1. Grundlagen | 1.3 Betriebsarten

A Yer\ high switching freTuenc\ is reTuired

for Eottle counting.

23

1. Principles | 1.4. Switching Outputs

Switching Output Conguration

One or more switching points can Ee set within the sensing range of
an ultrasonic sensor. This can Ee done Yia a potentiometer, Teach-In,
or programming software.

If an oEMect is located within the set range, the

sensors digital output state changes. A distinction
is made Eetween NO and NC functions, depending
on the response to the oEMect.
The following operating modes can Ee set E\
programming or using the Teach-In function

Background Suppression, One Switching Point

Window Mode, Two Switching Points

One switching point can Ee set within the sensing

range. If an oEMect is located Eetween the sensor
head Elind ]one and the set switching point,
the switching output will react. OEMects Eehind
the switching point are suppressed. This mode is
therefore known as Eackground suppression.

Two switching points can Ee set within the sensing

range. The two switching points form a switching
window. OEMects within the window cause a reaction
at the switching output.

In this mode, onl\ oEMects Eefore the set switching

point are detected the Eackground is suppressed.

Background suppression, switching mode.

Foreground and Eackground suppression window mode.

Background
suppressed

Switching point

24

In this mode, oEMects are detected onl\ within

a defined area foreground and Eackground are
suppressed.

Foreground
suppressed

Background
suppressed

Switching

Switching

point

point

1.4.1. Variants
Switching Behavior (Output Function)

Output Activity

Two different switching EehaYiors are aYailaEle.

The\ correspond to the EehaYior of a switch with
normall\ open or normall\ closed functions.

A distinction is made Eetween PNP output and

NPN output, depending on whether the load is on
the positiYe suppl\ Yoltage L+ or the negatiYe
suppl\ Yoltage L.

Normally Open (NO) Contact

The output switches on if there is an oEMect located
in the switching area. If there is no oEMect in the
switching area, the output switches off.

PNP
The output stage contains a PNP transistor that
switches the load to the positiYe suppl\ Yoltage
L+. The load is connected Eetween the output
and the negatiYe suppl\ Yoltage L.

Normally Closed (NC) Contact

The output switches on if there is no oEMect located
in the switching area. If there is an oEMect in the
switching area, the output switches off.

L+

Push-Pull
The output stage contains a PNP and an NPN
transistor. The load is connected Eetween the
output and the negatiYe suppl\ Yoltage L or
the positiYe suppl\ Yoltage L+.

+UB


L

UB

NPN
The output stage contains an NPN transistor that
switches the load to the negatiYe suppl\ Yoltage
L. The load is connected Eetween the output
and the positiYe suppl\ Yoltage L+.

L+

25

1. Principles | 1.4. Switching Outputs

1.4.2. Switching Hysteresis, Switching Frequency, and Repeatability

Switching Hysteresis

Switching Frequency

Repeatability (Reproducibility)

EYer\ switching point has switching h\steresis to

preYent the output from constantl\ switching on
and off when an oEMect is located directl\ at the
switching point.

The switching freTuenc\ is the ma[imum numEer

of possiEle switching c\cles per second. For
e[ample, a switching freTuenc\ of  H] means
that the output can change state from on to off
and Eack on again fiYe times per second.

RepeataEilit\, also known as reproduciEilit\, refers

to natural Yariances in the switching point under
specific conditions.

If an oEMect approaches the sensor, the output

triggers directl\ at the switching point. :hen the
oEMect recedes again, the h\steresis is added to
the switching point.

'ue to the measuring method used echo transit

time, the switching freTuenc\ of ultrasonic
sensors is usuall\ in the range of 0 H].

RepeataEilit\ is measured oYer a period of eight

hours at an amEient temperature of 23rC srC,
with an\ relatiYe humidit\ within the specified
range, and at a specified suppl\ Yoltage.

H\steresis

9alues up to appro[imatel\ 00 H] are possiEle

for thru-Eeam sensors with separate emitter and
receiYer transducers.

'efined
switching point
Illustration of an ultrasonic sensors switching h\steresis.

An ultrasonic sensor guarantees proper container filling.

The h\steresis preYents a flickering switching output.

26

1. Grundlagen | 1.4 Schaltausgang

27

1. Principles | 1.5. Analog Output

Analog Output
Function and Variants
An ultrasonic sensor does not merel\ detect the presence of an oEMect it also
measures the distance to an oEMect. This is calculated from the interYal
Eetween the transmission of the ultrasonic signal and the arriYal of the echo.

Ultrasonic sensor analog outputs produce a

linear current or Yoltage signal. The signal leYel is
proportional to the distance Eetween a detected
oEMect and the sensor. The output current is
Eetween 0 and 20 mA or  and 20 mA, depending
on the model. For analog Yoltage Yersions, the
range is Eetween 0 and 0 V.

A rising slope analog Yalue increases with

increasing distance or falling slope analog
Yalue decreases with increasing distance can
Ee selected.

28

1.5.1. Variants
Current Output 020 mA

Voltage Output 010 V

The distance to an oEMect is represented at the

analog output as a current Yalue in the range of
020 mA.

The distance of an oEMect is represented at the

analog output as a Yoltage Yalue in the range of
00 V.

The specified load resistance must not Ee

e[ceeded, e.g. 300 ohm.

It must not fall short of the specified load

resistance, e.g. !00 ohm.

Current Output 420 mA

Frequency Output in Hz

The distance to an oEMect is represented at the

analog output as a current Yalue in the range of
20 mA.

The distance to an oEMect is represented at

the analog output as a YariaEle freTuenc\ Yalue
in hert].

Here, too, the specified load resistance must not

Ee e[ceeded, e.g. 300 ohm.

The output displa\s a sTuare waYe pulse

2 V0 V. The specified load resistance must
Ee met, e.g. !00 ohm.

1.5.2. Characteristic Curve

The Teach-In function or programming software
can Ee used to set a rising or falling characteristic
curYe or a ]ero-point line on the sensor.

1.5.3. Resolution
The analog limits Eeginning and end can
Ee changed using the Teach-In function or
programming software.

Resolution refers to the smallest change in oEMect

distance that affects the output current or Yoltage.

:ith a rising characteristic curYe, the output

current or Yoltage increases as the oEMect increases
in distance from the Eeginning of the analog area.

Pepperl+Fuchs UC series ultrasonic sensors

are eTuipped with an integrated 2-Eit
digital-to-analog conYerter that can Ereak the
distance to the oEMect into ,06 increments.

:ith a falling characteristic curYe, the output

current or Yoltage decreases as the oEMect increases
in distance from the Eeginning of the analog area.

The actual resolution in millimeters depends on

the set analog range and can Ee calculated as
follows
Set analog range 00 mm lower limit, A
3,00 mm upper limit, A2
Resolution

3,00 mm 00 mm 
,06 increments 0.66 mm
level

The more the analog range is reduced, the smaller

the increments, as the range is alwa\s divided
into ,06 levels and the levels correspondingl\
Eecome smaller. However, the smallest level si]e
is limited to 0.7 mm E\ the electronics.

Ultrasonic sensors are ideal for level measurement in

closed containers. The measurement is made through
a hole in the container cap.

29

1. Principles | ,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV

Inuences on the 0easurement

Accurac\ of the Ultrasonic Sensor
:ith ultrasonic sensors, measurement accurac\ usuall\ refers to the aEsolute
accurac\ of the measured value at the analog output. Based on the echo
transit time, the measurement accurac\ of an ultrasonic sensor depends on
several ph\sical parameters relating to the air as well as internal tolerances.

(QYLURQPHQWDO,QXHQFHV
Air Temperature

Humidity

Air temperature has the greatest influence on

measuring accurac\.

Humidit\ has negligiEle influence on the speed

of sound at room temperature and at lower
temperatures. However, at higher air temperatures,
the speed of sound increases as humidit\
increases.

After the transit time of the reflected ultrasonic

impulse has Eeen measured, the sensor calculates
the distance to the oEMect using the speed of
sound.
However, as the air temperature changes, the
speed of sound changes E\ 0.7 per degree
.elvin. To compensate for this effect, almost
all Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors have a
temperature proEe. The proEe measures the
amEient temperature and the sensor corrects the
temperature-related distortion of the measured
values see temperature compensation.

30

Air Pressure
The speed of sound decreases E\ less than
 Eetween sea level and 3,000 m altitude.
Atmospheric fluctuations at a specific location
are negligiEle and the effects on the speed of
sound are scarcel\ measuraEle.

Air Currents

Paint Mist

Types of Gas

Normal air currents wind have no effect on

ultrasonic measurement up to speeds of 7 kn
06. kmh if the oEMect has the reflective
properties of the standard reflector. Storm\
weather or hurricanes can cause unstaEle
measurements with loss of signal.

Paint mist has no detectaEle effect on the operation

of ultrasonic sensors. However, the mist should
not Ee allowed to settle on the active transducer
surface to avoid compromising the transducers
sensitivit\.

Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors are designed

for operation in atmospheric air. Operation in
other gases e.g. in carEon dio[ide can cause
serious errors of measurement or even total loss of
function due to deviations in the speed of sound
and attenuation.

No general conclusions can Ee drawn with regard

to changes in the speed of sound caused E\
constant changes of air current direction and air
current speeds. For e[ample, it is known that
particularl\ hot oEMects, such as red-hot metal,
cause significant air turEulence. The ultrasound
can Ee scattered or deflected in such a wa\ that
no evaluaEle echo is returned.

External Noise
E[ternal noise is distinguished from the desired
target echoes and generall\ does not cause
malfunctions. If the source of disturEance has the
same freTuenc\ as the ultrasonic sensor, the level
of the e[ternal noise must not e[ceed the level
of the target echoes. This can occur, for e[ample,
when filling a silo with stone.

31

1. Grundlagen | (LQXVVJUHQ

32

1. Principles | ,QXHQFLQJ)DFWRUV

1.6.2. Temperature Compensation

1.6.3. Accuracy

Ultrasonic sensors operate using the echo

transit time method the time elapsed Eetween
the emitted ultrasonic pulse and when the
received echo is evaluated. The ultrasonic
sensor calculates the distance of the oEMect
from the speed of sound.

Accurac\aEsolute accurac\ refers to the difference

Eetween the output value measured E\ the sensor
and the actual target distance.

:hen sound is propagated in air, the speed of

sound is aEout 3 ms at room temperature.

From a practical viewpoint, aEsolute accuracies

of  to 3 are realistic in industrial applications
for ultrasonic sensors in the operating range of
2rC to +70rC.

However, the speed of sound is temperaturedependent and changes E\ appro[imatel\ 0.7

with each degree Celsius.

Higher accuracies can Ee achieved in ver\ staEle

amEient conditions. In this case, it is advisaEle to
turn off temperature compensation using the
programming tool.

Such changes affect the transit time and can

distort the calculated distance.

Another possiEilit\ would Ee to use an ultrasonic

reference sensor.

0ost Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors have a

working range of 2rC to +70rC.

This involves mounting a second sensor of the

same t\pe parallel to the measuring sensor and
aligning it to a fi[ed oEMect. If amEient conditions
in the measuring range change, the distance to
the oEMect will also appear to change due to the
altered speed of sound. The measuring sensor
value must then Ee corrected E\ the value of this
error.

:ithout temperature compensation and at a

measuring distance of 00 cm, a 20rC change in
temperature would cause a measurement error of
. cm at 70rC and +7.6 cm at 2rC.
Therefore, most Pepperl+Fuchs ultrasonic sensors
are eTuipped with temperature proEes whose
measurements are used to correct the measured
distances. This compensation is performed over
the entire working range of the ultrasonic sensors
from 2rC to +70rC and allows measurement
accuracies of appro[imatel\ s. to Ee achieved.

Ultrasonic sensors calculate

the distance to an oEMect
using the echo transit time
method.

33

1. Principles | 1.7. Installation and Assembly

Simple Installation and AssemEl\

Ultrasonic sensors can Ee installed and operated in an\ position. However,
mounting conditions where materials can settle on the transducer surface
should Ee avoided.

:hen cleaning ultrasonic sensors, ensure that

the sensor surface decoupling la\er and the
integrated foam around the transducer are not
damaged. :ater droplets or crusting on the
decoupling la\er ma\ impair the function of the
ultrasonic sensor. Light dust deposits are not
critical.

1.7.1. Operation and Object Properties

Direction of Actuation
The oEMects Eeing detected can enter the sound
Eeam from an\ side. The anticipated detection
points can Ee accuratel\ appro[imated using the
ranges and response curves specified in the data
sheets.

Object Surface Properties

Ultrasonic sensors can detect solids, liTuids,
and powders. The surface properties of the oEMect
are critical for the sensors evaluation of the
echoes. Level, smooth surfaces at right angles to
the Eeam produce ideal reflections. The angular
deviation of the measurement plate must not
e[ceed appro[imatel\ 3r to ensure reliaEle
detection.
0aterial properties such as transparenc\, color,
or surface treatment polished or matte have no
effect on detection reliaEilit\. Rough surfaces
reflect the acoustic energ\ in multiple directions,
decreasing the overall detection range.

34

Conversel\, rough surfaces allow greater angular

deviation due to the predominantl\ diffuse
reflection of the ultrasound signal.
This can Ee used to detect filling levels or heaps
of coarse-grained materials with an angular
deviation of up to r at a reduced range.
The following oEMects can Ee detected particularl\
well
Q

All smooth and solid oEMects aligned

perpendicularl\ to the Eeam angle
All solid oEMects with a surface roughness that
cause diffuse reflections and that are randoml\
aligned
Surfaces of liTuids at an angle 3r from the
Eeam a[is

1. Grundlagen | 1.7 Einbau und Montagehinweise

The following materials are poorl\ detected

Q

0aterials that aEsorE ultrasonic signals,

such as felt, cotton, rough te[tiles, or foam
0aterials with temperatures of more
than 00rC

In these cases, a thru-Eeam sensor ma\ Ee

reTuired for such materials.

Beam Deflection
The Eeam can Ee deflected using smooth, flat
reflectors. It is important to ensure that the signal
is not diverted more than twice. Each deviation
causes signal attenuation, which reduces the
detection range.
NOTE The reflector surfaces must Ee aligned at
e[actl\ r. Pepperl+Fuchs provides read\-made
r deflectors for some t\pes of sensors that can
Ee used to deflect the sound Eeam E\ 0r.

35

1. Principles | 1.7. Installation and Assembly

1.7.2. Sound Beam and Clearance

Sound Beam

Clearance

The response curve of ultrasonic sensors is

referred to as a sound Eeam.

If unwanted acousticall\ reflective oEMects are

present in an application, there must Ee clearance
around the sound Eeam. This is the onl\ wa\ to
avoid incorrect switching caused E\ unintended
reflections.

OEMects are detected within the sound Eeam if

the\ reflect sufficient sound Eack to the sensor.
The response curve depends on the reflective
properties of the oEMect. Therefore, sound Eeam
diagrams are provided for various standard
oEMects in the data sheets.
The sound Eeam has no precisel\ defined limits
and can change due to environmental influences
such as temperature or humidit\.

Flat surface, 00 mm 00 mm

Round Ear, 2 mm

Response curve 2 2 mm round Ear can Ee used

for orientation in the case of small, round, or
poorl\ reflective oEMects. It can also Ee used for
smooth surfaces that are mounted parallel to the
sensors Eeam direction container inner wall,
pipes. Clearance corresponding to at least
response curve  flat panel 00 mm 00 mm
must Ee provided for larger oEMects with good
reflection properties interfering edges.
If clearances cannot Ee maintained, man\
Pepperl+Fuchs sensors provide the option of
modif\ing the sound Eeam see Sound Beam
chapter.
This can Ee performed using Teach-In Euttons or
with a programming interface and corresponding
software. The software can Ee used to selectivel\
suppress man\ interfering oEMects within the
sensing range fi[ed-target suppression.

36

1.7.3. Minimum Intervals

The specified values are to Ee taken as guidelines.
The\ appl\ if the Eeam angles are aligned parallel
to one another and the surfaces of the oEMects are
at right angles to the Eeam angle a[es.

To prevent crosstalk, the minimum distances

Eetween sensors with the same detection range
must Ee oEserved, as specified in the following
illustrations.
Range (mm)

X (m)

Up to 500
Up to 2,000
Up to 4,000
Up to 6,000

> 0.3
> 1.0
> 2.0
> 2.5

The actual reTuired spacing ; depends on the

alignment, t\pe, and surface of the target located
within the sound Eeam.

The intervals indicated Eelow must Ee oEserved

for opposite mounting.
If interference occurs, it ma\ Ee necessar\ to
increase the spacing ; or, where appropriate,
activate the s\nchroni]ing or multiple[ing feature
see S\nchroni]ation and 0ultiple[ 0odes
chapter.
S\nchroni]ed and uns\nchroni]ed sensors must
not Ee mounted opposite each other.

Range (mm)

X (m)

Up to 500
Up to 2,000
Up to 4,000
Up to 6,000

> 2.0
> 8.0
> 16.0
> 25.0

37

1. Principles | 1.8. Synchronization and Multiplex Modes

S\nchroni]ing Ultrasonic Sensors

:hen installing ultrasonic sensors, it ma\ not Ee possiEle to adhere to the minimum separation distances.
Pepperl+Fuchs provides models with s\nchroni]ation inputs. This prevents sensor crosstalk and allows the
minimum separation distance to Ee reduced.

Ultrasonic sensors eTuipped with s\nchroni]ation

inputs can Ee used in internal or e[ternal
s\nchroni]ation or multiple[ modes.
B\ s\nchroni]ing the transmission c\cles,
the distance Eetween adMacent sensors can Ee
reduced without interference.
S\nchroni]ation can Ee achieved using an e[ternal
s\nchroni]ation signal or, for some sensor t\pes,
using self-s\nchroni]ation or multiple[ing.

1.8.1. Synchronization Input

0an\ Pepperl+Fuchs sensors are eTuipped with
an additional s\nchroni]ation connection.
If this input remains open, the sensor will operate
in normal mode.
B\ appl\ing a defined potential L+L, the
sensor can Ee locked and enaEled again using an
e[ternal trigger signal. As long as the sensor is
locked, no ultrasonic pulses are emitted.
The outputs analog and switching outputs are
fro]en while in this state.
As soon as the sensor is enaEled for at least one
measurement c\cle with the s\nchroni]ation
input, the outputs are updated. This feature can
Ee used for e[ternal s\nchroni]ation or multiple[
operation.
In e[ternal s\nchroni]ation mode, the
s\nchroni]ation inputs for all sensors are linked
and controlled E\ an e[ternal clock-pulse source
each sensor is triggered separatel\ in multiple[
mode.

38

The reTuired signal level, c\cle times, and

the ma[imum possiEle numEer of sensors
can Ee found in the data sheet of the respective
sensor. In internal s\nchroni]ation mode, the
s\nchroni]ation inputs for all sensors are linked
and controlled E\ the sensors themselves. There
is no need for an e[ternal clock-pulse source.

1.8.2. Synchronization and

Common Mode
In this mode, the sensors work in parallel. This
means the\ all emit a Eurst of ultrasound at the
same time and wait for a reflected echo from an
oEMect within the sensing range.
To do this, the s\nchroni]ation inputs of all
sensors must Ee connected to one another.
'epending on the sensor t\pefamil\ and
configuration, s\nchroni]ation mode either runs
automaticall\ internal s\nchroni]ation or
reTuires an e[ternal trigger signal e[ternal
s\nchroni]ation.

Application

Pros

Several sensors are installed in an ultrasonic

arra\ to monitor a wide area. :here space is
limited, s\nchroni]ing sensors can Ee useful as a
lower minimum interval is reTuired Eetween the
sensors. The intervals given Eelow must also Ee
oEserved for opposite mounting.

Cons

Lower wiring costs, connection of enaEle inputs

for each pro[imit\ switch

The oEMect cannot Ee assigned to a specific

pro[imit\ switch

Fast response as ever\ pro[imit\ switch is

continuousl\ active

Range (mm)

X (m)

Range (mm)

X (m)

Up to 500
Up to 2,000

> 1.0
> 4.0

Up to 4,000
Up to 6,000

> 8.0
> 12.0

1.8.3. Multiplex Mode

0ultiple[ing the sensors allows ultrasonic Eursts
to Ee emitted at staggered intervals. This prevents
two or more units from transmitting signals
simultaneousl\. The sensors emit an ultrasonic
Eurst alternatel\ or in seTuence and wait for a
reflected echo.

connected to one another. 'epending on the

sensor t\pefamil\ and configuration, multiple[
mode either runs automaticall\ or the sensor must
Ee assigned an address using the configuration
tool.

ReliaEl\ prevents crosstalk

An oEMect can Ee assigned to a sensor

In e[ternal multiple[ mode, an e[ternal trigger

signal is reTuired and the timed seTuence must
Ee coordinated E\ an e[ternal controller.

Cons

This prevents crosstalk Eetween ultrasonic sensors,

and there is no need to adhere to a minimum
distance Eetween adMacent sensors. However,
as the sensors are activated in seTuence, the
responsereaction time increases with each sensor Arrangement
added to the multiple[ arra\.
The sensors are used in eTuipment and machines
A distinction is made Eetween internal and e[ternal with ver\ confined installation spaces or sensors
multiple[ mode.
of the same t\pe in immediate pro[imit\, or to
prevent crosstalk in various measurement tasks.
:hen using internal multiple[ mode, the
s\nchroni]ation inputs of all sensors must Ee
0inimum intervals do not need to Ee adhered
to, even if the sensors are located opposite one
another.

Pros

Additional costs for clock generator when using

e[ternal multiple[ing
Longer responsereaction time than
s\nchroni]ation mode Eecause the sensors
work in seTuence

39

Ultrasonic Sensors
in Various Applications
Ultrasonic sensors are an impressive group of sensors. The\ are functionall\ roEust, availaEle in a variet\ of designs,
and open up a wide range of uses, from factor\ automation to moEile eTuipment, with some of the toughest and most
e[treme applications on the market.

40

Level Measurement

Mobile Equipment

Because ultrasonics calculate level height using

the time it takes for ultrasonic pulses to travel
from the sensor to the medium surface and
Eack, the chemical and ph\sical properties of
the product do not affect the measurement. 0ilk,
paint, fertili]ers, and chemicals, as well as mud or
Eulk goods are measured with eTual accurac\.

To survive the rigorous electrical and environmental

world inherent in outdoor moEile eTuipment,
Pepperl+Fuchs moEile eTuipment sensors must
Ee Tualified to standards far Ee\ond traditional
sensors. Ultrasonic sensors designed for moEile
eTuipment thrive in rugged outdoor environments.
Immune to the effects of dust, dirt, and chemicals,
ultrasonic sensors also provide reliaEle operation
in modern agriculture applications. Ultrasonics
effectivel\ monitor crop height, distance to the
ground, and levels of seeds and grains.

Material Handling

Food and Beverage

Doors, Gates, and Elevators

Automatic processes in logistics, production,

and processing reTuire roEust and reliaEle sensor
solutions that cover a wide range of applications.
Ultrasonic sensors offer a host of advantages
here. Our Eroad ultrasonic product offering
ranges from simple, miniature presence detection
models, to high-end analog, software-configuraEle
designs with customi]aEle Eeam patterns and
staEilit\ algorithms.

Ultrasonic sensors made for the food and

Eeverage industr\ are designed according to the
EHE'* guidelines for h\gienic design. The\ have a
.0 VAAISI 36L housing, an impermeaEle
metal face, and offer IP6IP6k protection for
demanding production and cleaning.

In parking lots and in parking garages, entr\ is

controlled using Earrier gate arm s\stems. The gate
arm must not Ee lowered when there is a vehicle
underneath. Ultrasonic sensors are particularl\
suitaEle for controlling this procedure.
The\ detect oEMects regardless of vehicle t\pe
or color and monitor the entire area Eelow the
arm. Retroreflective mode ultrasonics are used in
parking garages to count vehicles and determine
availaEle parking spaces.

41

2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement

Level 0easuring with F6

Ultrasonic Technology for the Right Level
Level measuring is used in a wide variet\ of industries. It does not depend on the suEstance ultrasonic
technolog\ detects nearl\ all materials. LiTuids like milk, chemicals, or lacTuer, as well as mud or Eulk
goods are alwa\s controlled. Thus \ou can accuratel\ monitor the fill level of silos or tanks used E\ dairies,
chemical plants, mineral companies, and man\ others. For level measurement in closed containers,
F6 Series ultrasonic sensors are e[cellent.
To detect liTuid E\ using a sensor on the inside of a container, drill a 30 mm hole in the center of the
container cap. Then mount the sensor with its special housing, including the gasket, directl\ on the
container.
The F6 Series is availaEle in three different measuring ranges
60 cm, 200 cm, and 220 cm for use in
different container si]es.

The F6 Series can Ee easil\ installed on containers.

42

6LPSOH6HWXSDQG&RQJXUDWLRQ
For setup and configuration, the program interface 3R;000-PF including
SONPRO* software for :indows is availaEle for all variants of the F6 Series.
To start, the sensor should Ee mounted in the center of the container so that
the sound Eeam of the ultrasonic sensor does not reach the sides of the container and inadvertentl\ detect the containers own deposits or welds.
The Elind ]one Eetween the sensor head white and measuring range must
Ee taken into account. Incorrect measurements can occur if the fill level is
within the Elind ]one.
Ultrasonic technolog\ impresses not onl\ with its eas\ handling, Eut also
with its precision and reliaEilit\. Benefit from our know-how and control \our
fill level with Pepperl+Fuchs.
F6 Series ultrasonic sensors are ideal for level measurement in closed containers.

'LHUHQW9HUVLRQV$OORZ2SWLPDO$GMXVWPHQWWRWKH
Application

ReliaEle detection of liTuids or Eulk materials

Continuous and accurate monitoring

:ith analog output for continuous fill level control and additional
switching output for overfill safet\ or

Overfill safet\

:ith two switching outputs for minimum and ma[imum fill level

Eas\ suEseTuent sensor installation on containers

'ifferent versions for optimum adaptation to \our application

The F6 Series comes in different versions for level measurement

Q

<RXU%HQHWVDWD*ODQFH

For devices with two switching outputs UC[[[-F6-ER2-V, the output

Sma[ is dedicated to the ma[imum fill level overfill safet\ and the output Smin
is dedicated to the minimum fill level empt\ container.
The minimum switching point Smin can Ee taught via the ;I input. :ith the
teach adapter UB-PRO*-V, this process gets even easier.

43

2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement

Fill Level 0onitoring

in *ravel Silos
Stay Well Informed with Ultrasonic Sensor Series F260
*ravel open-cast mines contain various construction materials such as sand,
crushed rock, and gravel. These materials are e[cavated at depths of up to 0 m
and must Ee appropriatel\ stored until the\ can Ee transported from the site.
Conve\or Eelts transport the construction materials to silos. Ultrasonic sensors
determine when the ma[imum ll level of a silo is reached. The F260 Series is
particularl\ suitaEle for this application.
B\ means of ultrasonic time-of-ight measurement, the sensors determine
the distance to the surface of the lled material and transmit this value to the
control room for the gravel silo.
There, further lling can Ee stopped and overlling prevented. The analog
output of the ultrasonic sensor controls this process. In addition, the devices
feature two switching outputs. One output provides an advance warning that
the ma[imum ll level of the silo will soon Ee reached. The other switching
output provides for nal shutdown as soon as the silo is completel\ lled.
The detection range of these sensors is up to 0 m. The sensors can monitor
the continuous lling of the silo at all times. This series is especiall\
characteri]ed E\ the wide temperature range of 2rC to +70rC. :hen used in
crushed-rock silos that generate high amounts of dust, the ma[imum detection
range of the 0 m sensors ma\ Ee reduced to 6 m.
The F260 Series oers the following versions for the analog output including
two switching outputs in the NO or NC contact version
Q 20 mA, UC[[[-F6-IE..-V
Q 00 V, UC0000-F260-UE..-V
Furthermore, the 3R;000-PF programming interface including SONPRO*
software for :indows is availaEle for the commissioning and parameteri]ation
of all versions.

44

In gravel silos, ultrasonic sensors

In .iesEunkern werden Ultraschallsensoren ]ur

are used for continuous fill level measurement.

kontinuierlichen Fllstandskontrolle eingeset]t

Important for Implementation

0ount the sensor right in the center of the silo so that the sound Eeam
does not reach the sides of the container walls, where the sides of the walls
themselves or slag sticking to the walls ma\ inadvertentl\ Ee detected.
To ensure adeTuate sound reflection as the fill level increases, align the
sensors sound Eeam at a slight angle toward the center of the material
cone. The F260 can Ee swiveled up to 0r in its Eracket.

The Elind ]one Eetween the sensor head white and the start of the
measuring range 0 cm must also Ee taken into account. If the fill level
is located in this area, measurement errors ma\ result. If two proEes are
installed, multiple[ operation must Ee set using SONPRO* and the sensors
connected via the ;I s\nchroni]ation connector.

Filling under Control

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Thanks to continuous level measurement in the control room, plant operators

sta\ constantl\ informed of the current fill level in the gravel silo.
The switching output of the F260 has an overfill protection function, switches
the conve\or Eelt off, and prevents overfilling. Safe plant operation is
therefore ensured at all times.

E[tremel\ roEust design with high e[cess gain

0ounting flange with swiveling Eracket for optimum alignment of the
sensor head

Simple commissioning through viewing with SONPRO* and 3R;000-PF

Continuous fill-status monitoring

ReliaEle shutdown of the conve\or Eelt prevents overfilling

45

2. Applications | 2.1. Level Measurement

Fill Level for Bulk *oods

Stay Best Informed with Ultrasound

:aste water treatment produces enormous amounts of sewage sludge on a
dail\ Easis. This waste product has to Ee further processed or properl\
disposed of. Either wa\, it is necessar\ to load the material into appropriate
transport containers. To prevent overfilling of the containers, this process is
monitored using ultrasonic sensors.
The 30*070 Series prevents overfilling.

The fill level is monitored E\ an ultrasonic sensor and output as an analog

value. :hen the ma[imum fill level is reached, the sensor delivers an additional
switching signal to stop the flow of the material.
The cone-shaped accumulation of Eulk goods in containers calls for
appropriate sensor mounting. To ensure adeTuate sound reflection as the
fill level increases, align the sensors sound Eeam at a slight angle toward
the center of the material cone. 'epending on the measuring distance and
reTuirement, \ou can use a sensor from the 30*070 Series.
The UCC300-30*H70-IE2R2-V ultrasonic sensor is ideal for this application.
It features a measuring range of 20 to 30 cm, an analog output of  to 20 mA,
and an additional switching output. It is therefore possiEle to ensure continuous
level measurement and overfill protection from a larger distance.

46

Simple Commissioning with ULTRA-PROG-IR Software

For commissioning and parameteri]ation, we recommend the use of the
UC-30*0-IR USB programming device and the ULTRA-PRO*-IR program.
This setup allows \ou to view the oEMect distance and the echo signal
strength and enaEles simple adaptation of the analog and switching point in
the sensor.
To ensure a continuous measuring signal even with material slippage,
program an average value of 20 to prevent sudden changes in the measured
value. Thanks to continuous level measurement, waste water treatment plant
operators sta\ constantl\ informed of the current fill level of the disposal
containers in the control room and can ensure proper removal and empt\ing
of full containers in a timel\ manner.
The 30*0 sensor Series is especiall\ impressive, with a high resistance to
aggressive vapors as well as its PTFE-coated ultrasonic transducer and the
VA stainless-steel housing.

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Q

Continuous level measurement

Overfill protection

'uraEle and roEust sensor solution with VA stainless-steel housing

Simple commissioning and programming

The ultrasonic sensor Series 30*070 continuousl\ detects

the height of the contents in the container and prevents
overfilling.

47

2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment

'etecting Boom Height

Ultrasonic Sensors Ensure Uniform Spray Coverage

Crop spra\er in action. Spra\ no]]les are mounted at defined intervals.

Ultrasonic sensors control the Eoom height as the machiner\ crosses the field.

Crop spra\ers appl\ liTuid fertili]ers and pesticides over farmland during the
growing period. Controlling the spra\er height is critical to this process. If the
spra\er height is too high, the dispensed product ma\ simpl\ Elow awa\
in the wind. If too low, spra\ will not evenl\ distriEute or worse \et, a low
spra\er mechanism can collide with the crops or ground.

48

To ensure consistent, optimum spra\ coverage over uneven terrain and var\ing
crop height, and to prevent the Eoom from impacting crops or soil, its height
must Ee continuousl\ monitored and adMusted.

Robust and Reliable

Immune to the effects of dust, dirt, and chemicals, and with the aEilit\ to
detect surfaces of an\ color with identical accurac\, 30*0 Series ultrasonic
sensors are well suited for agricultural applications.

FeedEack from the 30*0 Series ultrasonic sensors enaEles

liTuid fertili]ers and pesticides to Ee spra\ed over the crops
at a consistent height.

)DVWDQG(FLHQW
As the machiner\ traverses the field, 30*0 Series ultrasonic sensors
continuousl\ monitor the distance to the crop canop\ and transfer this
reading as an analog value to the vehicle controller.
The spra\ height is correspondingl\ raised or lowered to follow the contour,
ensuring the fertili]er and pesticide distriEution remains consistent. :ith
automated Eoom-height control, drivers can concentrate full\ on navigating
their machiner\, finishing their MoE with optimum efficienc\ and speed.

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Q

Automatic adMustment of Eoom height

Fertili]ers and pesticides are evenl\ spread

Prevents crop and machiner\ damage

Shorter cultivation time

Rugged and duraEle

49

2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment

Anti-Collision 'etection
on Aerial :ork Platforms
Indispensable on Construction Sites
'rivaEle aerial work platforms are increasingl\ common on man\ construction
sites. These platforms facilitate working in high locations and increase
productivit\. However, since severe accidents involving aerial work platforms
occur almost dail\ due to collisions, the safet\ aspect should not Ee ignored.
Ultrasonic sensors eectivel\ safeguard the operation of this eTuipment.
For the installation of ultrasonic sensors on the aerial work platforms, we
recommend ver\ at housing designs like Vari.ont L2. Using these devices,
\ou can monitor the area Eelow the work platform, underneath the arms, and
around the vehicle.
Collisions Eetween the machine and oEstacles such as trees, Euildings, or
people can therefore Ee prevented. If the ultrasonic sensors detect an oEMect
in close pro[imit\, the machine switches to slow speed. In the case of acute
danger of collision, machine movement stops completel\.
Ultrasonic sensors of the Vari.ont L2 Series are ideal for
installation on work platforms due to their compact design.

50

Working Safely with Aerial Work Platforms

To safeguard the eTuipment, ultrasonic sensors are attached to the
appropriate points on the aerial work platform. In order to prevent mutual
interference of the sensors and simultaneousl\ ensure the shortest possiEle
response time, these sensors must Ee common-mode s\nchroni]ed. As
aerial work platforms are mostl\ used in outdoor applications, the sensors
must Ee suitaEle for such an environment.

To safeguard the eTuipment,

ultrasonic sensors are attached
to the appropriate points
on the aerial work platform.

0onitoring the area Eelow and around the machine ensures that collisions
with other machines, Euildings, or oEMects do not occur. 'amage is prevented
and machine availaEilit\ is increased.

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Q

Continuous monitoring of aerial work platforms

Increased safet\ for workers and machines

Prevention of damage to oEMects

Increase in productivit\

51

2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment

Ultrasonic Sensors
on Spra\ No]]les
Taking Care of Orchards with Ultrasonic Sensors
Taking care of orchards reTuires careful attention. For good harvests, it is
necessar\ to protect the trees from pests. Since diseases as well as pests attack
trees, it is even more important to ensure their survival and fertilit\. To help
keep the trees alive, chemical products to protect trees are applied E\ a special
spra\ing process.
These products, however, generate high costs for farmers. In order to sell the
harvest for a reasonaEle price, the spra\ing operation must Ee carried out as
ecientl\ as possiEle.

52

:ith the conventional method, pesticides are continuousl\ spra\ed even in

Eetween the trees where there are onl\ empt\ rows.
Using ultrasonic sensors can save on pesticides E\ detecting tree gaps. As soon
as one of these gaps is recogni]ed, the spra\ing process temporaril\ stops.

Targeted Control Reduces Farmers Costs

Simple Commissioning

The ultrasonic sensor 30*070 Series is well suited for this application. 'ue
to their high IP protection class, \ou can use the sensors under all weather
conditions without losing performance. The roEustness of these sensors
makes them resistant to chemicals contained in pesticides.

0ount the ultrasonic sensors on the side of the holding tank. Choose a sensor
with an adeTuate range and signal strength, Eecause tree trunks are not ideal
reflectors for ultrasonic sensors. The UC6000-30*070-2E2R2-V, with
a sensing range of 3 to 600 cm and two switching outputs is ideal for this
application.
The teach adapter UC-30*0-IR and the program ULTRA-PRO*-IR make
installation and parameteri]ation even easier. :ith these tools, \ou can
visuali]e the oEMect distance and the echo signal strength.
On the mounting location, the limits of the sound Eeam must Ee considered
and reduced E\ 20 to avoid the influence of rain or fog at close range.
Ultrasonic sensors detect individual trees and the spra\ing process temporaril\
stops in the gaps Eetween the trees. You can therefore achieve Eoth cost and
time savings Eecause the holding tank does not need to Ee refilled as often.

The ultrasonic sensor 30*070 Series allows

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direct application of the pesticides.

Q

Cost and time savings through reduction of pesticides

RoEust and duraEle sensor solution

High ranges for accurate detection of oEMects

Eas\ installation and parameteri]ation

53

2. Applications | 2.2. Mobile Equipment

Eas\ Control of Refuse

Collection Vehicles
Ultrasonic Sensors Allow Safe Emptying Operations
For reliaEle operation, moEile machines reTuire sensors that can withstand
the harshest conditions on a dail\ Easis. E[treme temperatures, violent Molting,
and viErations are common challenges for these vehicles.
Ultrasonic sensors, which are used on vehicles like refuse collection trucks,
must Ee e[tremel\ roEust to guarantee safe operation. The sensors are used
on the vehicles for a range of dierent applications.

54

Ultrasonic sensors help ensure efficient and virtuall\ automatic operation.

These sensors constantl\ monitor the lifting and set-down area of the refuse
container, as well as automaticall\ detect the container si]e. These features
provide an e[traordinar\ degree of fle[iEilit\ without manual intervention on
the part of the refuse collector, ensuring that Eoth the vehicle and the refuse
collector can complete their work Tuickl\ and safel\.

18GM40 Series Determines the Size of the Refuse Containers

:hen a refuse container moves toward the lifting unit of the refuse collection
vehicle, the UB300-*00A ultrasonic sensor determines the si]e of the
container. Both lifters are reTuired to lift a large container with a volume of
,00 l the two lifters work together to transport the container. :hen two small
containers or even a single small container are lifted, the lifters are controlled
individuall\ as reTuired.

L2 Series for Safeguarding Lifting and Tipping Operations

:hen the container is lowered after empt\ing, the area Eelow the container
must Ee monitored. 0onitoring is important to prevent people from Eeing
inMured or other oEstacles from Eeing hit E\ the container and Eeing damaged.
A total of four UC2000-L2-t\pe ultrasonic sensors monitor this area.

The 30GM70 Series Monitors the Contents of the Vehicle

The fill level of the feed area for the refuse container on the vehicle is monitored
using UC2000-30*070-t\pe ultrasonic sensors in one-wa\ Earrier mode.
If the feed area is too full, the container can no longer Ee emptied correctl\ and
refuse ma\ fall off the vehicle. For this reason, when the rear area is aEout to
overflow, the vehicles h\draulic press is alwa\s activated in a timel\ manner E\
the ultrasonic sensor, and the refuse is pressed down toward the center of the
vehicle.

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Q

Safeguarding the lifting and set-down area for the refuse container
Efficient and fault-free empt\ing seTuence without the need for manual intervention

Automatic container si]e detection

Overflow monitoring of the feed area on the vehicle

55

2. Applications | 2.3. Material Handling

Pallet 'etection on Forklifts

Precise Positioning with Ultrasonic Sensors
:orldwide demand for reliaEle and accurate eTuipment for material handling
and related logistics solutions is increasing. 0aterial handling mainl\ depends
on the precise positioning of heav\ loads and the eective control of fast
movements. 0aterials are transported with eTuipment such as forklift trucks,
moEile cranes, and aerial work platforms.
Logistics applications in the material handling industr\ usuall\ rel\ on forklifts
for transporting heav\ loads reliaEl\ to their destination. Pepperl+Fuchs sensors
monitor certain areas of the forklift to ensure a high degree of accurac\ and
reliaEilit\.
:ith ultrasonic sensors, \ou can determine whether a pallet is on the fork
and how far the fork is inserted under the pallet. This information allows ne
control and ensures proper transportation of the material.

Ultrasonic sensors of the L2 Series are ideal for installation on the forklift due to their

Small and Reliable

For the installation of ultrasonic sensors on the fork section of forklifts, we
recommend cuEic designs like the L2. Because forklifts are often used
outdoors, a high IP protection class like IP67 is necessar\. The ultrasonic
sensor technolog\ is e[tremel\ roEust and resists e[treme conditions. In spite
of rain, fog, or storms, materials are safel\ transported to their destination.
0ount the ultrasonic sensor aEove the fork and slightl\ tilt the sensor upwards if possiEle. Reduce the sound Eeam via parameteri]ation software if
necessar\. For this application, we recommend a sensor range of 00 mm.
If \ou use sensors with a 2,000 mm range, consider using a Eigger sound
Eeam.

56

compact design.

Assurance of Properly Transported Material

'etecting the pallet ensures that the fork is located far enough Eelow the
pallet Eefore the lift is released.
Other machine parameters such as machine control ensure the proper travel
speed. This speed depends on the situation. Use a slow travel speed when
the mast is e[tended and the fork is carr\ing a heav\ load. Select a slightl\
faster travel speed when the mast is e[tended and the fork is not carr\ing a
load.

Controlling the travel speed reduces the risk of accidents, and increases
Eoth the safet\ and effectiveness of the machine. Ultrasonic technolog\ can
reliaEl\ detect pallets that are empt\, Eroken, coated, wrapped with
transparent foil, or made of metal. Thus materials can safel\ Ee carried to
their destination.

'ue to its small design, the ultrasonic sensor L2 Series

perfectl\ fits on the hanger rod aEove the forklift and
detects the pallet position.

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Q

RoEust and duraEle sensor solution

'etection of even the most difficult materials such as metal, lacTuer,
wood, and foil

Assurance of properl\ transported material

0achine control dependent on the suspended load

Q

Reduction of accident risk, increased safet\

57

2. Applications | 2.3. Material Handling

Transporting Printed
Circuit Boards PCBs
PCB Detection Using Ultrasonic Sensors
From modern smartphones and household appliances to the cars we drive,
electronics and therefore PCBs are an indispensaEle feature of almost
ever\ machine availaEle toda\. These PCBs are the Eeating heart of an\ device
and must Ee handled with the utmost care.

58

Ultrasonic sensors help to reliaEl\ control the production process of these

highl\ sensitive PCBs. Owing to the e[tremel\ tight space restrictions prevalent
in this manufacturing application, the F77 miniature sensor is the ideal solution.
At Must 3 mm high and 2 mm wide, it ts perfectl\ underneath the conve\or
Eelt.

Small Sensor with a Big Sound Beam

Ultrasonic Technology for Even Greater Reliability

The F77 direct-deflection sensor features a wide sound Eeam to generate

a measuring range of 20 to 20 mm, allowing reliaEle detection of the
PCBs as the\ pass.

Ultrasonic sensors provide a dependaEle switching signal even when faced

with reflective surfaces, which are actuall\ e[cellent reflectors of sound
waves. Recesses in PCBs are rendered insignificant due to the width of the
sound Eeam. Harnessing ultrasonic technolog\ within the new miniature
design offers a comEination of significant Eenefits.

The PCBs should enter the sound Eeam of the ultrasonic sensor at an angle
as close to perpendicular as possiEle to ensure reliaEle reflection of the
sound waves.
A suitaEle distance Eetween the PCB and the sensor must Ee calculated
to eliminate the risk of raised components on the PCB falling in the sensor
Elind ]one. Sound Eeam spread must Ee accounted for if the measuring
distance is enlarged.

Interference- and Maintenance-Free System Operation

Achieve interference-free and maintenance-free operation for \our s\stem
E\ integrating the tin\ F77 into \our application.
The ultrasonic sensor continues to deliver reliaEle switching signals and
superE Eackground suppression even in the face of PCBs with recesses and
reflective surfaces.
Owing to the e[tremel\ limited space restrictions in the conve\or Eelt, the
F77 miniature sensor is the perfect solution to guarantee the safe and
reliaEle function of \our production eTuipment.

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Q

Ver\ small design with tin\ Elind ]one for cramped mounting conditions

Eas\ installation and commissioning

ReliaEle detection of reflective oEMects, regardless of the material

High immunit\ to compressed air and plant noise

Interference-free and maintenance-free s\stem operation

CompatiEle with the housing of photoelectric models with a high

switching freTuenc\

The F77 reliaEl\ detects PCBs with recesses and reflective surfaces.

59

2. Applications | 2.4. Food and Beverage

Ultrasonic Sensors Ensure

ReliaEle 0aterial Flow
Bottle Counting on Drink Filling Machines and PET Bottle
Blowing Machines
Speed and cleanliness are the determining factors in the food and Eeverage
industr\. Short c\cle times and minimum machine and plant downtimes are of
particular importance, while h\giene reTuirements must not Ee ignored.
The strictest regulations and certications are necessar\ in order to create
high-Tualit\ end products.

In Eeverage-lling s\stems, incoming and outgoing Eottles must Ee continuousl\

counted, regardless of the material and t\pe of liTuid. At the outlets of PET-EottleElowing machines and Eottle-washing machines, individual Eottles are detected
in order to ensure material ow.

Ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors

are especiall\ suitaEle for Eottle
counting at high speed.

Ultrasonic sensors guarantee

a continuous monitoring of
material flow.

60

High Degree of Chemical Resistance

Individual detection of conve\ed Eottles is normall\ too fast for sensing E\
ultrasonic sensors. The Eottles pass E\ the sensor too Tuickl\ and the gaps
Eetween the Eottles are often too small. For this reason, ultrasonic thru-Eeam
sensors are particularl\ suitaEle for Eottle counting.
The use of hot steam and chemicals for machine cleaning in these applications
reTuires ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors with a high degree of chemical resistance.
The IP degree of protection should Ee at least IP66..
The UBEC300-*00-... splash ]one Series is particularl\ suitaEle.
In machine areas not affected E\ cleaning c\cles, it is possiEle to use standard
ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors such as the UBE000-*00-... Series.

Even in areas with strong steam generation, reliaEle detection of Eottles is

guaranteed with ultrasonic thru-Eeam sensors.

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Q

Continuous monitoring of material flow

Optimi]ation of c\cle times

Because the ultrasonic sensors from Pepperl+Fuchs recogni]e even the most
difficult materials, transparent glass or plastic Eottles are reliaEl\ detected.
Q

'etecting and counting the Eottles at several points in the machine ensures
the continuous monitoring of material flow. The entr\ and e[it of Eottles in the
filling s\stem is optimi]ed, and missing Eottles in the chain are reliaEl\
detected.

'etection of even the most difficult materials such as glass or transparent

plastic Eottles
Ideal for high-speed applications

61

2. Applications | 2.5. Doors, Gates, and Elevators

Vehicle 'etection
in Barrier S\stems
Ultrasonic Sensors Control the Lowering of Barriers
In car parking lots and in parking garages, entr\ is controlled using Earrier
s\stems. The Earrier must not Ee lowered when there is a vehicle underneath.
Ultrasonic sensors are particularl\ suitaEle for controlling this procedure. The\
detect oEMects regardless of vehicle t\pe or color and monitor the entire area
Eelow the Earrier.
Ultrasonic sensors are Tuick and eas\ to install in the Earrier s\stem housing.
If several Earriers are installed close together, the ultrasonic sensors must Ee
s\nchroni]ed with one another to prevent mutual interference.

:hen mounting and aligning the sensors, ensure that the devices are installed
at a sucient distance from the ground if necessar\, angled slightl\ upwards
and that the sound Eeam does not make contact with the ground. Proper
installation height is especiall\ important when temperatures uctuate from
summer to winter, since the sound Eeam si]e increases at low temperatures.
If necessar\, reduce the sound Eeam si]e via the parameteri]ation software.
If the Earrier s\stem is located outdoors, the ultrasonic sensors must Ee
suitaEle for such an environment.

Safe passing with ultrasonic sensors.

62

Safe Passing with Ultrasonic Sensors

Ultrasonic sensors detect vehicles Eelow the Earrier reliaEl\ and regardless
of color. This safet\ feature prevents damage to the vehicle E\ preventing the
Earrier from lowering while a vehicle is Eeneath it.
Thanks to the sound Eeam and the resulting monitoring area, even smaller
oEMects or nonplanar vehicle parts such as trailers, rear Eike racks, and
motorc\cle riders, are reliaEl\ detected.

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Ultrasonic sensors of the

Simple control of Earrier s\stems

ReliaEle detection of vehicles of all t\pes

'amage prevention

Eas\ installation in Earrier s\stem housing

RoEust sensors with long service life

Vari.ont L2 Series are ideal for

installation in Earrier s\stem
housings due to their compact design.

63

Global Reach

Sta\ing in Touch.
The :orld Over.
*ood customer relationships need care and attention. The\ are an
indication of genuine interest, trust, and a cooperative spirit
the foundation of Pepperl+Fuchs strengths. No matter where
\ou might Ee, we are alwa\s nearE\.
And we speak \our language
in more than 0 countries the world over.

Twinsburg
At Home on All Continents
Our customers are at the center of all our activities. Our worldwide network
ensures that we provide them with the Eest possiEle service and support.
Our world headTuarters in 0annheim services Europe through a network of
more than 0 aliates. Asia is handled E\ our oce in Singapore, with more
than ,000 emplo\ees in manufacturing, service, and sales. And our North
American headTuarters in TwinsEurg, Ohio, is responsiEle for a comprehensive
network of oces and sales partners in the USA, Canada, and 0e[ico.

No matter where in the world \ou ma\ Ee, Pepperl+Fuchs is right nearE\ and
alwa\s there for \ou.

64

Mannheim

Singapur

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SuEMect to modifications Cop\right Pepperl+Fuchs Printed in *erman\ Part. no. 2620 02 00

www.pepperl-fuchs.com