H$meH$ :

lr. {dbmg MH$mV JmdH$a

181/16, Ooa {~pS>J,
S>m. Am~oS>H$a amoS>, naob, _w~B.

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo>

_wH$ :

(lram_mZX ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo _amR>r M[a)

E$m`a og m`hoQ> {b.

_mohmm ^dZ, Xwgam _Obm,
S>m. B. _moPog amoS>, dair, _w~B - 400 018

Aja g`moOZ :

lr. A{_V Jmo. Hw$bH$Uu, gmJbr - 416 416

Xya^mf : 2332089

ddm{YH$ma :

lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO godm _Si, _w~B.

H$meZ {VWr :

\$mJwZ d && 10, eH$ 1929

lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO nw`{VWr

_Jidma, {X. 1 E{b 2008

S>m. Jmo. am. Hw$bH$Uu
E_. E., nrEM. S>r., S>r. {bQ>.

_y` : . 130/-

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/

^y{_H$m
gV gnwf ho ^JdVmMo AdVma AgVmV. Vo ^JdVmMo _mZdr $n AgVmV
Am{U ^$m`mda H$nm H$a`mgmR>r AdV[aV hmoV AgVmV. Aem gJwU M[amMo
n{d ^{$-^mdZoZo H$WZ-nR>U-Jm`Z d {Z$nU Ho$`m_wio ^JdX-^$sMo ^m`
m hmoVo.
`j ^JdmZ lrXmmo`mMo AdVma AH$bH$moQ{Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W
`mMo {e`mom_ Agbo`m lram_M (lram_mZX) ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo M[a
bmoH${dbjU d bmoH$moma Amho. OrdZmVrb _moR>_moR>m AZoH$ MT>-CVmamd$Z OmV
`mZr Am`mp_H$ CH$f m Ho$bm hmoVm. `mMo OrdZ-M[a ho _mZdr OrdZmV
_hV oaUm OmJ{dUmao Amho.
lrdm_r g_W `m`m d$n gXm`m_`o lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo _hdnyU
WmZ Amho. lmiy ^$mZm `mMr AmoiI hmdr, hUyZ n.ny. lrAemoH$H$mH$m Omoer
_hmamO `mZr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo gwQ>gwQ>rV M[a {b{h`mMr Amkm Ho$br d
_mJXeZ Ho$bo. `mMm _r F$Ur Amho.
`m M[a-JWmgmR>r 1) Jmonmi~wdm Ho$iH$aH$V lrdm_r g_W ~Ia,
2) lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOH$V g{j gXJw$-M[a, 3) lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamOH$V
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO - Amodr~ M[a, 4) amdgmho~ _mPm _moVrXmUm, 5) b. J.
~mnQ>H$V lrgXJw am_mZX ~rS>H$a _hmamO M[a, 6) e. X. a~S>>oH$V lram_mZX
~rS>H$a, 7) gXJw$ MaUmImbr - gnmXH$ : S>m. A{OV Hw$bH$Uu, 8) S>m. {X. Xm.
XoenmS>oH$V Am_M[a B`mXr JWmMr _XV KoVbr Amho. boIH$ gdmMm Am^mar
Amho. `m JWmgmR>r S>m.gm. Ad{VH$m Hw$bH$Uu, lr. {dO` gadQ>o d lr. {dO`
Omoer `mMo _mobmMo ghH$m` bm^bo. `mZm Y`dmX.
gXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo M[a {b{h`mMr gYr bm^br, hr _moR>r
^m`mMr Jmo> Amho. hr `mMrM H$nm Amho. ^$-OZmZm ho M[a AmdS>b
o , Aer
Amem Amho.

AZwH$_{UH$m
1. Hw$b-nanam
2. ~mbnUrMo {Xdg
3. `dgm` d ggma
4. _hmR>JrU _m`m
5. AmOda Zmgbo, AmVm Zmhr
6. gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo
7. dam`
8. H$mer `mm
9. BVa `mm
10. Zm{eH$Mo Xm_{Xa
11. A{^ n{VdVm : lrAmBgmho~
12. nmhVm `oB H$go ?
13. Y` hm XmVm
14. JwUgmJa Jw$
15. {ZMb nX
16. gXm`mMr nanam
lrgXJw$ am_mZX VdamO
lr~rSH$a _hmamO `mMr O_Hw$ S>br
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo {dMma
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr AmaVr

- boIH$
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/
VrZ

Mma

1
6
10
13
18
24
41
45
53
69
72
76
78
90
96
110
120
122
123
124

1. Hw$b-nanam
lrdm_r g_W
`j ^JdmZ lrXmmo` ho AmYw{ZH$ H$mimV lrdm_r g_W `m`m
$nmZo _JidoT>m `oWo H$Q> Pmbo. ZVa Vo AH$bH$moQ_`o OmD$Z am{hbo.
VoWrb amOo _mbmoOramOo ^mogbo ho `mMo AZ` ^$ ~Zbo. VoWo lrdm_r
g_WmZr AZoH$ brbm Ho$`m. Vo AH$bH$moQ_`o am{hbo hUyZ `mZm
AH$bH$moQ> dm_r Ago hQ>bo OmVo. Vo `j lr_V Zqgh gadVr hmoVo.
lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO hUVmV, `j Xmmo` d H$bmgZmW gXm{ed hoM
lr_V Zqgh gadVr hmoVo. VoM AH$bH$moQ> {Zdmgr dm_r g_W _hmamO
hmoV, ho OmUyZ `m. lrdm_r g_W ho Xodm{YXod AmhoV, ho nHo$ `mZmV `m.
I`m ^$sZo `mbm `mMm AZw^d `oBb, `mbmM ho g` g_OyZ `oBb.
lrdm_r g_WmZr Ag` ^$mda H$nm Ho$br. `mMo AZoH$ {e`
{grg Ambo, `m_`o _w ~B M o lrdm_rgw V _hmamO D$\ $ h[a^mD$,
AH$bH$moQ>Mo lr~mimnm _hmamO, H$mohmnyaMo lrH$U gadVr, ZJaMo lrZmZm
aoIr Am{U nw`mMo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO B`mXr _wI AmhoV. `m _wI {e`m_`o
`mZr lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZm gdm`m eodQ>r Amnbo {e` ~Z{dbo. lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO `m`m M[am_`o ^moJ Am{U `moJ, Amg$s Am{U {da$s `mMm
MT>CVma Am{U CbWmnmbW BVH$s {XgyZ `oVo H$s AmnU W$ hmoD$Z OmVmo.
gdOU `mMm Am`mp_H$ A{YH$ma _m` H$arV AgV.
nydO
lrgXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO ho nmWJmor XoeW ~mU hmoVo. ~mU
hmoVo, naVw `mMo KamUo noemZo gaXmamMo hmoVo. `m`m d{S>bmMo Zmd ~idVamd
Am{U AmBMo Zmd JJy~mB Ago hmoVo. `mZm XmoZ _wbo d Mma _wbr hmo`m.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/

Hw$b-nanam / 1

lr_hmamO ho gdmV bhmZ hmoVo. `mMm O_ _mK ewb g_r, _Jidma,

(A>_r j`), eH$ 1760 ({X. 22 OmZodmar 1838) amoOr Xwnmar Pmbm.
`mMo Zmd am_M Ago R>odboo, naVw ZVa `mZm am_mZX Ago Zmd {Xbo Jobo.
`j Xmmo`mZr `mMo ho Zmd R>odbo hmoVo.
lram_mZX _hmamO `m`m nydOmMr Jmo> _moR>r {dbjU Amho. `m
Kam`mMo _yi nwf hmoVo eH$aamd. `mMo nw _mUH$moOrnV _moR>o eya d ~w{_mZ
hmoVo. Vo g_mQ> AH$~amMo {XdmU hmoVo. `mMo nw JOmZZamd ho E{bMnwamg
Ambo Am{U `mZr VoWrb ehmbm Amnbr H$V~Jmar XmI{dbr. `mZm VoWo
BZm_ hUyZ H$mhr Jmdo {_imbr. Vo VoWrb gaXma Pmbo. `mZr _moR>r YZXmbV {_i{dbr Am{U _moR>o Zmd H$_m{dbo.
naVw `mZm An` ZhVo. An`-mrgmR>r `mZr Xod-Y_ Ho$bm.
EH$m Ad{b`m`m H$nm-gmXmZo `mZm EH$ _wbJm Pmbm. {dbjU Jmo> Aer
H$s `m _mVoZo _wbm~amo~a EH$m ZmJmbm O_ {Xbm. Vmo ZmJ KamVrbM ~ZyZ
am{hbm. JOmZZamd Oohm nyOobm ~gV Vohm Vmo `m`mOdi OmD$Z ~go. AmB
Oohm Amn`m _wbmbm XyY nmOV Ago, Vohm Vmohr {V`m _mS>rda OmD$Z ~go.
_wbm~amo~aM Vmo ZmJ dmT>V hmoVm.

gmV dfmZVa JOmZZamdmZr Amn`m _wbmMr _wO _moR>m CgmhmZo

Ho$br. _wbmMr Am`m MwbrVrb {ZImao KoD$Z ~mhoa OmV hmoVr. KmBKmBZo {VZo Vo
EH$m H$T>BV AmoVbo. VoWo Vmo ZmJ doQ>moio KmbyZ ~gbm hmoVm. {ZImao nS>VmM Vmo
VS>\$Sy>Z _obm Am{U {VH$S>o Vmo _wbJm EoZdoir doXrda AMmZH$ _ypN>V hmoD$Z
nS>bm. _moR>m Vn`oZo {_imbobm _wbJm AMmZH$ Jo`m_wio AmB-d{S>bmZm
\$ma Xw:I Pmbo. Vo ggmamVyZ {da$ Pmbo d Ym{_H$ H$m`mV _Z Pmbo.
H$mhr {XdgmZVa Vmo ZmJ AmB`m dZmV Ambm. Vmo hUmbm H$s
{OZo _bm ^mOyZ _mabo, {VMm de _r Mmby XoUma Zmhr Am{U VwPm degwm
gmV {nT>mn`VM Mmby R>odrZ. Amnbm de gmV {nT>mn`V Var Mmby amhUma,
`m H$nZoZo JOmZZamd Am{U `m`m nZrbm g_mYmZ dmQ>bo. nwT>o `mZm
_wbJm Pmbm. `mMo Zmd H$UmOrnV hmoVo. Vmohr Amn`m d{S>bm_mUo eya

hmoVm. E{bMnyaMm gaXma hUyZ `mZo _moR>o Zmd {_i{dbo. emhmH$Sy>Z `mbm
EXbm~mX Am{U amdoa `oWrb _hmbXmar {_imbr.
H$UmOrnVmMo {MaOrd {ddZmWamd ho Ah_XZJa`m XoemV `oD$Z
am{hbo. `mZr VoWrb H$m~aJmd d Mm^waS>r Jmd`m Hw$bH$U nXm`m BZm_mMo
hH$ {_i{dbo. `mZr Iyn gnmr {_i{dbr d _moR_moR>o _hmb ~Z{dbo. `mMo
{MaOrd _mYdamd ho \$ma _moR>o eya {ZKmbo. `mZr ~hmyar XmIdyZ hm~mX`m
{ZOm_mH$Sy>Z Mmirg hOmamMr Ohm{Jar {_i{dbr. `mZm ~rS> ehamMm nmoVXmar
hH$hr {_imbm. Vo hm~mX`m {ZOm_mMo m_m{UH$ godH$ hmoVo. nmoVXmar_wio
`mZm nmoVXma ho Zmd {_imbo.
_mYdamdmMo {MaOrd {dZm`H$amd ho _moR>o Hw$eb H$ma^mar hmoVo. `mZr
Amn`m nydOmMr OhmJrar amIbr d H$mQ>o_mS>uMr (gmobmnya) gw^oXmarhr
{_i{dbr. Vo H$aH$_^mogo `m Jmdr Wm{`H$ Pmbo. `mMo {MaOrd qMVm_Uamd
`mZr _moR>m H$me`mZo d{S>bmonm{OV gnmr g^mibr. `mZm An` ZhVo,
hUyZ Ym{_H$ H$`o d VrW-`mm `m_`o a_y bmJbo. `mZr AZoH$ VrWjom_`o
Y_emim d KmQ> ~Z{dbo. H$mer_`o `mZr Omo KmQ> ~Z{dbm Amho, `mbm
_mUH$mo eH$a KmQ> Ago hUVmV. H$mer_`o JJoV ZmZ H$aVmZm `mZm
EH$Xm hZw_mZmMr _yVr gmnS>br. hr BdamMr H$nm g_OyZ `mZr _moR>m o_mZo
hZw_VmMr godm Ama{^br. `m godoMo \$i hUyZ `mZm hmVmanUr _wbJm
Pmbm.
qMVm_Uamdm`m {MaOrdmMo Zmd _wHw$Xamd Ago hmoVo. Vo _moR>o eyadra hmoVo. Vo _wgb_mZr am`mMo gaXma d gbmJma hmooVo. IS>mbm gdmB
_mYdamd noedo d hm~mXMm ehm `m`m_`o _moR>r bT>mB Pmbr. `mV
noe`mZr ehmMm nam^d Ho$bm. Vohm ehmMo gbmJma Agbobm _wera Cb
_wH$ d _wHw$Xamd `mZm noe`mZr H$X H$$Z AmUbo Am{U `mZm ZOa H$XoV
R>odbo. Vohm _wHw$XamdmMo _Z amOH$maUmbm {dQ>bo d Vo Amnbm doi Ym{_H$
H$m`mV Kmbdy bmJbo. Vo H$mhr H$mi _amR>dmS>mVrb ~rS> `oWo amhmV hmoVo,
hUyZ `mZm ~rS>H$a Ago hUy bmJbo. nw`mV Vo Amnbm doi _hm^maV,

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 2

Hw$b-nanam / 3

^mJdV, am_m`U `mgma`m JWmMo dmMZ d ldU `m`m_`o KmbdrV AgV.

`mZm ~idVamd d _mYdamd Ago XmoZ _wbJo hmoVo.
gdmB _mYdamd noedo `mMo {ZYZ Pm`mda _wera Cb _wH$ ho
nw`mhZ naV Jobo. `mZr _wHw$XamdmZmhr ~amo~a `o`mMm AmJh Ho$bm, naVw
_wHw$XamdmZr ZH$ma {Xbm. Am{U hUmbo H$s, noe`m`m nadmZJr{edm`
naV Jobmo Va ehm ZmamO hmoBb. Vohm Ago niyZ OmUo `mo` Zho. _wHw$XamdmZr
Amn`m _wbmZmhr hm~mXbm Om`mg _ZmB Ho$br. ZVa noe`m`m JmXrda
Xwgao ~mOramd ho ~gbo, Vohm _wHw$XamdmZr ~rS>bm naV Om`mMr nadmZJr
_m{JVbr, naVw Xwgao ~mOramd noedo `mZr `mMr `mo`Vm nmhZ `mZm Amn`m
godoVM amh`mMr Amkm Ho$br. `mZr _wHw$Xamd `mMo Wmoabo {MaOrd ~idVamd
`mZm nbJ d nyOm `mMo gajU d ZmXwaH$s`m {H$`m`m XoIaIrMo H$m_
gmon{dbo. YmH$Q>o {MaOrd _mYdamd `mZm H$moH$U`m gwdUXwJ Vh{gbrMo
H$m_ {Xbo. H$mhr dfmZVa _mYdamdmMo AmH$p_H$ {ZYZ Pmbo. `mZm _yb~mi ZhVo. _wHw$Xamdm`m dmQ>mbm hmVmanUr nw-{d`moJmMo Xw:I Ambo.
`mZm ZmJm`m emnmMr AmR>dU Pmbr. `mZr Kam`mMr O~m~Xmar ~idVamdmZm
{Xbr d Vo dV: ^JdX^OZmg bmJbo.
lr_hmamOmMo dS>rb ~idVamd
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo dS>rb ~idVamd ho {YnmS> d gmS>o ghm \y$Q>
CM hmooVo. Amn`m H$m_mV m_m{UH$ d dmH$~Jma hmoVo. KmoS>odmar d {ZemU
~mOrV Va~oO hmoVo hUyZ Xwg`m ~mOramd noe`mZr `mZm Amnbm AJajH$
Zo_bo. EH$Xm noe`mda hbm Pmbm. `m doir ~idVamd `mZr {Odmda CXma
hmoD$Z eybm nam{OV Ho$bo. `mMo n{hbo bZ A`edr Pmbo hUyZ noe`mZr
`mZm Xwg`m bZmgmR>r ngo {Xbo. `mMm {ddmh dmKwbr`m `H$Q>amd Hw$bH$Uu
`mMr _wbJr JJy~mB {h`mer Pmbm. `mZm XmoZ _wbJo d Mma _wbr hmo`m. EH$
_wbJr bhmZnUrM dmabr Am{U BVa VrZ `m An`hrZ am{h`m. _moR>m _wbJm
~mny ZmdmMm hmoVm d N>moQ>m am_M. am_M hm d{S>bmMm Iyn AmdS>Vm hmoVm.
~idVamdmMr V`oV MmJbr hmoVr d `mZm XrK Am`w` bm^bo hmoVo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 4

Vo 99 dfmMo hmoD$Z Jobo. `m Xa`mZ noedmB ~wS>mbr Am{U BJOmMo am`

Ambo. BJOm`m Ep\$Q>>Z gmho~mZo ~idVamdmZm noeZ XoD$ Ho$br, naVw
`mZr Vr ZmH$mabr. `mZr {dMma Ho$bm H$s, AmOda noe`mMo AZ Imo
Am{U AmVm ~oB_mZ hmoD$Z _|N>mMr ^mH$ar H$er Im`Mr ? `mZr Amn`m
Am`w`mV nydOmZr {_i{dbo`m gnmrH$S>o bj {Xbo ZhVo. ngmhr gmR>{dbm
ZhVm, hUyZ `m`m _`y`m doir WmoS>mgmM ngm Cabm hmoVm, naVw JJy~mBZo
{h_V gmoS>br Zmhr. BJOmZr {Vbm e^a n`o noeZ Xo`mMr Amkm Ho$br,
nU `m dm{^_mZr rZo Vr ZmH$mabr.
~idVamdm`m Voam`mbmM _moR>m _wbJm ~mny hm ~onmm Pmbm. `mMm
AZoH$ df} nmm bmJbm Zmhr. KamV XyY XoUmar nmT>ar Jm` hmoVr. Vr Hw$R>o Var
{ZKyZ Jobr. `m dmBQ> n[apWVrV JJy~mBZr _moR>o Y` XmI{dbo. bhmZ am_MXmbm
emioV KmVbo.
***

lram_mZX CdmM
~Xodhr Hw$UmMo Am`w` dmT>dy qH$dm H$_r
H$$ eH$V Zmhr. maY ho ^mo J mdo M bmJVo .
Am_h`m H$$Zhr maY MwH${dVm `oV Zmhr.
Am_h`oMo nmn nwhm ^moJmdoM bmJVo. hUyZ
^JdVmbm eaU Om. Xwgam H$moUVmhr Cnm` Zmhr.

Hw$b-nanam / 5

2. ~mbnUrMo {Xdg
emio_`o
am_MmMo {ejU gw$ Pmbo. JwOtZr JhnmR> gm{JVbm hmoVm, Vmo nyU
Ho$bm Zmhr, hUyZ ZmamO hmoD$Z JwOr `mbm amJmdy bmJbo. am_M hUmbm,
Am_`m Z{e~r {dm Agob, Va {_iob. `mda JwOr amJmZo Q>mo_Um
_marV hUmbo H$s, ~mUmMm _wbJm Amhog, J`mV OmZdo Amho, Vohm
_mYwH$ar {_iob. ho EoHy$Z am_Mmbm amJ Ambm. `mZo _mJMm nwTMm {dMma
Ho$bm Zmhr. OmZdo VmoSy>Z Q>mH$bo, bJmoQ>r H$mTy>Z Q>mH$br Am{U emioVyZ {ZKyZ
Vwier~mJoV `oD$Z ~gbm. VoWo _wbmZm KoD$Z JwOr Ambo d `mbm CMbyZ
emioV KoD$Z Jobo Am{U {ejm H$$Z MmJbr dVUyH$ H$a`mMr enW
`m`mH$Sy>Z Kod{dbr.
S>m. JUnVamdmMo Kar
~mbH$ am_MmMo gmX`, S>moio d MmVw` nmhZ `m`m d{S>bmMo XmoV
S>m. JUnVamd `mZr `mbm Amn`m Kar R>odyZ KoVbo. Vo ZmQ>H$mMo emH$sZ hmoVo.
Vo `m`m Im`m-{n`mMr, H$nS>o-nmK$U `mMr \$ma H$miOr KoV hmoVo. `mbm
ZmQ>H$ nmh`mg KoD$Z OmV. EHo$ {Xder Vo hUm>bo, Oa Vy gmS>r ZogyZ, ZW
KmbyZ, S>mo`mV H$mOi KmbyZ ZmQ>H$mV rMr ^y{_H$m Ho$brg Va CRy>Z {Xgob.
Vohm am_MmZo VmS>H$Z Cma {Xbo H$s, W_ ImbMo H$mnyZ Q>mH$mdo bmJob.
S>mQ>amZr `mbm Iyn g_O{d`mMm `Z Ho$bm. eodQ>r `mbm Kar nmR>{dbo.
{~H$amd {H$~o `m`m Kar
q~H$amd {H$~o ho am_Mm`m d{S>bmMo XmoV hmooVo. EHo$ {Xder Vo Kar
Ambo. KamVrb n[a{WVr nmhZ `mZm ghmZw^yVr dmQ>br d Vo `mbm {ejUmgmR>r
Amn`m Kar KoD$Z Jobo. _wbmMo bj {ejUmV Zmhr, Ago `mZm {XgyZ Ambo,
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 6

Vohm `mZr am_Mmbm ~mOmahmQ>mMo H$m_ gmon{dbo. Vmo MmJbm `dhma H$$
bmJbm. eodQ>r `mZo Kar naV`mMm {dMma Ho$bm Vohm {H$~o `mZr `mbm
nZmg n`o {Xbo. Kar Am`mda Vmo _moS>rMm `dhma H$$ bmJbm. ehamV
{\$$Z Vmo Ow`m dVy KmgmKrg H$$Z {dH$V KoB d `m XwH$mZXmamZm {dH$V
Ago, naVw `mV \$magm \$m`Xm hmoV ZhVm hUyZ Vmo g_mYmZr ZhVm.
nT>anwamMr dmar
Xadfu `o> d Zd_rbm AmiXrhZ lrkmZoda _hmamOmMr nmbIr
{ZKyZ AmfmT> ew EH$mXerbm nT>anwar OmVo. `m dmar_`o hOmamo-bmImo dmaH$ar
^JdVmMo ^OZ H$sVZ H$arV OmVmV. nmbIr AmiXrhZ Xe_rbm nw`mV `oB
Am{U Xwg`m {Xder nwT>o OmV Ago. am_Mm`m _ZmV ^{$-^md hmoVm.
dmar_`o gm_rb hmoD$Z ^JdVmMo XeZ Ko`mgmR>r nT>anwamg Om`mMr BN>m
`m`m _ZmV Ambr. `mZo Amn`m~amo~a `oo`mgmR>r H$mhr _wbmMo _Z di{dbo.
am_MmZo AmnU nT>anwamg OmV Ag`mMo AmBbm gm{JVbo hmoVo.
EH$mXerbm nmbIr nwT>o {ZKmbr. _wbo CgmhmZo ^OZ JmV ~amo~a
Mmby bmJbr. 5-6 _b nm`r Mmb`mda H$mhr _wbo WHy$Z Jobr Am{U Kar
naV`mgmR>r h> H$$ bmJbr. am_MmZo `mZm g_O{d`mMm Am{U Yra
Xo`mMm `Z Ho$bm, naVw Vo Km~$Z naV Jobo. XmoZ _wbo Cabr nU WmoS>o nwT>o
Jo`mda Vrgwm WHy$Z Jobr. eodQ>r am_MmZo `mZm nw`mH$S>o OmUm`m EH$m
~bJmS>rV ~gdyZ {Xbo. Vmo dV:hr WH$bm hmoVm, naVw XT> {ZM`mZo EH$Q>m
dmar~amo~a {ZKmbm.
drg _b Mmb`mda am_MmMo nm` gwOyZ Ambo hmoVo. \$ma doXZm hmoV
hmoVr. `m bhmZ _wbmbm nmhZ EH$m hmVm`m dmaH$ar ~mBZo `m`m nm`mbm
Vob Mmoibo Am{U Ja_ nm`mZo eoH$bo. dmar`m CgmhmV am_M nT>anwamg
nmohmoMbm.
nmSw>aJmMo XeZ
nT>anwamV AmfmT>r EH$mXerbm dmaH$`mMm gmJa Cgibm hmoVm. am_M
hm EH$Q>m hmoVm Am{U JXuV `mbm H$moUmMmM AmYma ZhVm. Vr JXu AmobmS>yZ
~mbnUrMo {Xdg / 7

Om`Mr {h_V ZhVr. ^JdVmMo XeZ H$go KS>Uma ? Vmo Km~$Z aSy> bmJbm.
S>mo`mVyZ Aly dmh bmJbo. gdOU ^JdVmMo XeZ Ko`mgmR>r YmdV hmoVo.
`m AZmoiIr ~mbH$mH$S>o H$moU nmhUma ?
BV`mV JwS>`mn`V YmoVa Zogbobm, H$m`m aJmMm Am{U> S>mo`mbm
_wS>mgo JwS>mibobm EH$ {YnmS> _mUyg `m`mOdi Ambm. `mZo _moR>m o_mZo
am_Mmbm {dMmabo H$s, ~mim, H$m aS>V Amhog ? Vmo hUmbm, _bm
^JdVmMo XeZ `m`Mo Amho. ho EoH$VmM `m _mUgmZo JXuMr ndm Z H$aVm
`mMm hmV Yabm Am{U AmoTV ZoD$Z ^JdVm`m MaUr `mMo _VH$ R>odbo
Am{U ^JdVm`m J`mVrb _mi `m`m J`mV KmVbr. ZVa `mbm ~mhoa
AmUyZ gm{JVbo, Vwbm ^JdVmMo XeZ KS>bo. _r VwPm ~S>dm Amho, _mPo Zmd
{d>b ~S>dm Ago Amho. Vy BVa XodmMo XeZ KoD$Z _bm ^oQ>. _r X{jU
Xadm`mOdi Amho. am_MX BVa XodmMo XeZ KoD$Z ~mhoa Ambm d emoYy
bmJbm, Vohm Vmo ~S>dm ^oQ>bm Zmhr. hr h{H$H$V EoHy$Z EH$ dmaH$ar hUmbm,
Vy _moR>m ^m`dmZ Amhog, Vwbm `j {d>bmZo XeZ {Xbo Amho. `m
_mUgmZo am_Mmbm Amn`m Kar Zobo. AmR> {Xdg `mbm o_mZo R>odyZ KoVbo
Am{U H$nS>o-ngo XoD$Z EH$m AmoiIr`m dmaH$`m~amo~a _moR>m o_mZo nw`mbm
nmR>{dbo. am_MmMr dmar g\$i Pmbr.
^JdVrMr H$nm
am_Mmbm dmQ>V hmoVo H$s nw`mV Amnbo {ejU nyU hmoV Zmhr, Vohm
EImm MmJ`m Jmdr OmD$Z Vo nyU H$amdo. EH$m {_m~amo~a Vmo H$go Var H$$Z
Yw`mbm nmohmoMbm. naVw VoWrb hm`Hy$b_`o doemMm `Z O_bm Zmhr.
eodQ>r Vo XmoKo {Zame hmoD$Z naV {ZKmbo. naVVmZm `mZr Zm{eH$Odi`m
dUr`m geJr XodrMo XeZ Ko`mMm {dMma Ho$bm. geJr Xodr hr CM
S>m|Jamda dgbr Amho. Vo XmoKo VoWo nmohmoMbo. XodrZo `mbm dZmV `oD$Z
gm{JVbo H$s, Amn`m `m {_mMr gJV gmoS>. Vy naV Om. Vwbm H$moU`mhr
Jmo>rMr H$_VaVm nS>Uma Zmhr. XodrZo `m`m {_mbm Km~ao H$$Z naV
Om`mg ^mJ nmS>bo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 8

am_M hm VoWrb g`memOdi H$mhr {Xdg am{hbm. ^JdVr geJr

XodrMr _yVu nwf^a CM d A>^wOm Amho. {VMo $n CJ Amho d Vo _moR>o OmJV
WmZ Amho. nyOoZVa {V`m Vm|S>mV `moXeJwUr {dS>m R>odbm OmVmo. EHo$ {Xder
am_M hm Xodr`mg_moa hmV OmoSy>Z C^m hmoVm, Vohm Vmo H$Yrhr Imbr Z
nS>Umam {dS>m `m`m hmVmV nS>bm. nmhUmao nwOmar d ^$ M{H$V Pmbo. Vo
hUmbo, Vy _moR>m ^m`dmZ Amhog. XodrZo Vwbm H$nm-gmX {Xbobm Amho.
am_MmZo _moR>m ^{$^mdmZo Vmo H$nm-gmX KoVbm.
***

lram_mZX CdmM
gdJwUm_wio {_iUmao gwI Am{U V_moJwUm_wio
{_iUmao gwI `m_`o H$mhr \$aH$ Zmhr. Xm$`m ZeoV
YwX _mUgm_`o d JmT> Pmonr Jobo`m _mUgm_`o \$aH$
Zmhr, naVw n{h`m_`o AkmZ Amho Am{U Xwg`m_`o
kmZ Amho. `mV O_rZ-A_mZmMm \$aH$ Amho. V_moJwU
hm AkmZmV n[aUV hmoVmo, Va gdJwU kmZm_`o. V_moJU
w
hm AY:nVZmg KoD$Z OmVmo, Va gdJwU _mojm`m
XmamH$S>o nwT>o ZoVmo.

~mbnUrMo {Xdg / 9

3. `dgm` d ggma
Ka-nM
~idVamd ~rS>H$a `mMo {ZYZ Pm`mda _moR>m _wbJm ~mny `mZo Ka
gmoS>bo hmoVo. am_M bhmZ hmoVm. JJy~mBZo _moR>m Y`mZo Ka gm^mibo hmoVo.
{VZo am_Mmbm {eH$d`mMm `Z Ho$bm, nU `mV `e Ambo Zmhr.
~idVamdm`m {_mZr am_Mmbm Amn`m Kar R>odyZ {eH${d`mMm `Z
Ho$bm, naVw {ejUmV `mMo bj ZhVo. Vmo Kar naV Ambm Am{U Amn`m
qh_Vrda H$m_ H$$Z AmBbm _XV H$$ bmJbm. H$mhr dfmVM `mZo JYrMo
H$m_ {eHy$Z Amnbm `dgm` gw$ Ho$bm. Ow`m dVyMr XodmU-KodmU gw$
hmoVrM.
am_M AmVm JYr d gam\$
nw`mV Am`mda am_M KaMr O~m~Xmar gm^mi`mMm `Z H$$
bmJbm. `mbm BJOr `oV ZhVo, hUyZ _moR>r ZmoH$ar {_iUo e` ZhVo.
ma^r H$moQ>mV Vmo C_oXdmar H$$ bmJbm. {Xdgmbm n`m {_im`Mm. naVw
`m_wio `mbm g_mYmZ dmQ>V ZhVo hUyZ `mZo Vo H$m_ gmoSy>Z {Xbo. Vmo
H$dS>m d _moS> {dHy$ bmJbm. gmo`m-MmXrMr nmaI H$$ bmJbm, naVw Odi
^mS>db Zg`m_wio OmV ngo {_iV ZhVo. eodQ>r Vmo EH$m JYr`m XwH$mZmV
H$m_mg bmJbm.
{Xdg^a XwH$mZmV H$m_ H$aVmZm am_MmZo gwJYr `mMr MmJbr
_m{hVr H$$Z KoVbr. H$Mm _mb H$moRy>Z IaoXr H$am`Mm, ^Q>Q>r H$er bmdm`Mr,
` bmdyZ Ama H$go H$mT>m`Mo, ho gd `mZo H$mhr {XdgmVM g_OyZ KoVbo.
XwH$mZmMm H$ma^ma VmoM nmhmV hmoVm. XwH$mZXmambm H$mhrhr nmhmdo bmJV ZhVo.
Vmo Iyf hmoD$Z am_Mmbm ~jrg XoV Ago.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 10

EdT>o H$me` {_im`mda am_MmZo ZmoH$ar gmoS>br Am{U Vmo dV:M

gwJYr `o ~Zdy bmJbm. Vmo Amnbm _mb {dH$`mgmR>r H$`mU, R>mUo, _w~B
`m {R>H$mUr OmD$ bmJbm. AmH$fH$ `{$_d Am{U JmoS> ^mfm `m_wio bmoH$mZm
Vmo AmdSy> bmJbm. Vmo Xoer d {dXoer Amao `mMo {_lU H$$Z CMr Amao ~Zdy
bmJbm. _moR>_moR>o gmho~ `m`mH$Sy>Z Amao KoD$ bmJbo. MmJbm ngm {_iy
bmJbm. am_Mmbm AmVm bmoH$ JYr `m ZmdmZo AmoiIy bmJbo.
Amam`m `mnmamV Zmd H$_md`mda Vmo Ow`m dVy Xo`m-Ko`m`m
`mnmamV CVabm. `mVhr `mbm `e {_iy bmJbo.
IwXm XoVm h N>na \$mS>H$a
am_Mmbm Ow`m dVy Xo`m-Ko`mMr AmdS> hmoVr. EHo$ {Xder ehamVyZ
qhS>VmZm `mbm noedmB`m H$mimVrb EH$m dmS>mV Ow`m ^mS>mMm {bbmd
hmoV Ag`mMo {Xgbo. ^mS>r H$mir nS>br hmoVr, naVw ZjrH$m_ Ho$bobr hmoVr.
30 ^mS>r hmoVr. am_MmZo nwT>o hmoD$Z 150 n`mZm Vr {dH$V KoVbr.
Kar AmUyZ Vmo Vr da R>ody bmJbm, Vohm EH$ g_B Imbr nS>br Am{U
doS>r dmH$S>r Pmbr. {nVioMr AgVr Va _moS>br AgVr. am_MmZo CgwH$VoZo Vr
dN> H$$Z nm{hbr, Vohm gmo`mMr Ag`mMo {XgyZ Ambo. bjnydH$ nmhVmZm
g_B`m nmoH$ir_`o H$mhr ^a`mgmaIo dmQ>bo. ImobyZ nm{h`mda `m
nmoH$ir_YyZ ~h_y` qH$_VrMr aZo ~mhoa nS>br. IwXm XoVm h Vmo N>na
\$mSH$a & nmnUr bdVmM am_MX _mbm_mb Pmbm. bmoH$ AmVm `mbm am_^mD$
gam\$ qH$dm ^mD$gmho~ JYr qH$dm ^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a Aem doJdoJ`m ZmdmZo
AmoiIy bmJbo.
nwH$i ngm {_imbm, naVw ^mD$gmho~ JYr `mZr JYrMm YXm Mmby
R>odbm, AmVm Vo _mb V`ma H$adyZ KoD$ bmJbo. `mMo gam\$sMo XwH$mZ ZhVo,
gam\$ ~mOmamV `mMr nV {Z_mU Pmbr. aZ nmaI`mMr H$bm `m`m Odi
hmoVr. ~mOmamVrb bmoH$ aZm`m `mnmamV `mMm gbm KoD$ bmJbo. Amao d
gwJYr `m`m `mnmamgmR>r Voo Xyada OmV hmoVo. lr_V bmoH$, amOo-aOdmS>o
Am{U BJO A{YH$mar ho `mMo {JhmBH$ hmoVo. Vo n^mdembr, `{$_d gn
`dgm` d ggma / 11

hmoVo. `m{edm` CMr nmoemI d ~mob`mVrb MmVw` `m Jmo>t_wio Vo OoWo OmV

VoWo `mMo dmJV hmoB d _m{JV`m_mUo Xm_ {_iV Ago.
JJy~mBZo `mMm {ddmh ~m{dgm`m dfu ZJaOdirb XodrMo Ho$S>Jmd
`oWrb am_Or nmQ>rb `mMr _wbJr aJy~mB {h`m~amo~a bmdyZ {Xbm. nwT>o `mZm
EH$ _wbJr Pmbr. Cnda Pm`mda {VMm {ddmh amdoaMo amOo aKwZmWamd Xoe_wI
`mMo~amo~a Pmbm.
^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a `mMo Amn`m AmBda _moR>o o_ hmoVo. Vo AmB`m
dMZmV hmoVo. KaMr n[apWVr MmJbr Pm`mda `m`m Kar ~aoMgo ZmVodmBH$
Aml` KoD$ bmJbo. ^abobo Ka nmhZ `mZm AmZX dmQ>o. Vo KamVrb gdmMr
H$miOr KoV. Oohm ~mhoa Jmdr OmV Vohm VoWyZ MmJ`m dVy AmUyZ gdmZm
dmQ>V AgV. Xwg`mZm Xo`mV Am{U ImD$ Kmb`mV `mZm g_mYmZ dmQ>V
Ago.
H$mhr dfmZVa ^mD$gmho~mZr Amn`m _moR>m ^mdmbm dS>moX`mhZ
emoYyZ AmUbo. naVw H$mhr {XdgmZVa nwhm Vmo Ka gmoSy>Z ~onmm Pmbm.
***
lram_mZX CdmM
nmoQ> ^a`mnwaVo A Am{U MmJbr gJV bm^br Va {Z_o
H$m_ Pmbo, Ago g_Om. _moR>m ^m`mZo Vwbm XodmMr gJVr bm^br
Amho.o `mMr godm H$arV amherb Va Vwbm H$moUVrhr H$_VaVm ^mgUma
Zmhr. Xod hm Amn`m _ZmVM AgVmo. Oohm _Z ho {dH$mamZr
_{bZ hmoV,o Vohm Xod {XgV Zmhr. Xw{Z`m hr XodmU-KodmUrda MmbVo.
Vy Xwg`mMo dmBQ> qMVbog Va Vw`m nXar dmBQ> `oVo. `m OJmV Or
WmoS>rer godm KS>ob, Vr _Z:nydH$ H$aerb Va Vr lo> hmo`. Xod hm
^mdmMm ^wHo$bm Amho.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 12

4. _hmR>JrU _m`m
{dbm{gVm
^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a `mMr JUZm _moR>m lr_V bmoH$mV hmoD$ bmJbr.
`mZm b_rMm daXhV bm^bm hmoVm. JYrMm `mnma Mmbbm hmoVm. da`m
WamVrb bmoH$mer g~Y `oV hmoVm. C g_mOmVrb bmoH$mMr gJV d _moR>r
YZXmbV `mZm {_imbr hmoVr. _mZ-g_mZ d n{gr bm^br hmoVr. `m_wio
hiyhiy Vo {dbmgr ~Zy bmJbo. Vo EH$m Zm`{H$Ur`m _mohOmbmV AS>H$bo.
ZmM-Jm`mda CYi`m_wio nwOr AmQy> bmJbr. AmBbm ho _mhrV hmoVo, naVw
OmU`m _wbmbm H$m` d H$go gmJUma ?
^mD$gmho~m`m H$mhr MmJ`m {_mZr `mZm g_Omd`mMm Iyn `Z
Ho$bm, naVw S>mo`mV {^Zbobr Zem hr Hw$UmMo EoH$V Zmhr. _J bmoH$ `m`mnmgyZ
Xya OmD$ bmJbo. `mMr ~oA~y hmoD$ bmJbr. YZ Am{U `mdZ `mMr K_|S>
CVa`mda Vo ewrda Ambo. RH$dUmar _m`m H$go ZmMdob Vo g_OV Zmhr.
~mnOmmMr _Zg~Xmar {_i{d`mgmR>r amOm-_hmamOmZm ^oQ>mdo, {R>H${R>H$mUr
gmYw-gV, \$H$sa, Ad{b`o AmhoV, `mZm ^oQy>Z {H$_`m {_i{d`mMm n`Z
H$amdm, Ago `mZr R>a{dbo. `m_wio `^md OmBb. Vo Z`mZo da `o`mMm
`Z H$$ bmJbo.
dS>moX`mMr g\$a
^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a ho gwJYr `o KoD$Z W_ dS>moX`mbm Jobo. VoWrb
_hmamOm Jm`H$dmS> `mMr ^oQ> `m`Mr hmoVr. ehamV {\$$Z `mZr _mb {dH$bm.
_hmamOmMr ^oQ> Ko`mgmR>r Vo gWmZm_Yrb _moR>_moR>m gaXmamZm ^oQ>bo,
^oQ>rMr Amem dmQ>oZm. Vo H$miOrV nS>bo. BV`m bm~ `oD$Zhr H$m`^mJ gmYV
ZhVm.
_hmR>JrU _m`m / 13

^mD$gmho~ ho O_OmV ~w{dmZ hmoVo. `m`m doir AS>MU `oB,

`m`m doir `mMr ~wr doJmZo H$m_ H$$ bmJo Am{U EImXm Cnm` gmnS>o.
`mZr ^mOr _S>BV OmD$Z MmH$er Ho$br H$s ehamV amoO {H$Vr nmbo^mOr `oVo.
VoWo amoO 10-15 n`mMr nmbo^mOr `oV Ago. XbmbmZm ^oQy>Z `mZr {Vhr
{XdgmMr gd`m gd nmbo^mOr IaoXr H$a`mMm gmXm Ho$bm. Vr gd ^mOr Vo
JmBZm ImD$ Kmby bmJbo. XmoZ {Xdg ~mOmamV ^mOr {_ioZm. {Vg`m {Xder
ehamV MMm hmoD$ bmJbr H$s naJmdMm H$moUr `mnmar Ambm Amho Am{U Vmo
gd ^mOr KoD$Z JmBZm MmaV Amho.
_hmamOmZr ZmoH$ambm nmR>dyZ `mZm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo. ^mD$gmho~ CH$>
nmoemI KmbyZ d Amao bmdyZ ^oQ>m`bm Jobo. _hmamOmZm `mZr dmHy$Z Z_H$ma
Ho$bm. ^md nS>bm. `mZr {dMmabo H$s, Vwhr H$moU, Hw$R>bo Am{U ^mOr
IaoXr H$$Z JmBZm H$m MmaVm ? ^mD$gmho~mZr Cma {Xbo H$s, Amhr Zmamo
eH$a `m`m demVboo. ~rS>bm amhUmao AmhmoV. _hmamOmMo Amhr {nT>rOmX
ZmoH$a AmhmoV. `oWo Am`mda _hmamOmMr ^oQ> Ko`mMr BN>m hmoVr, naVw nadmZJr
{_ioZm hUyZ hr `w$s Ho$br. `mMo MmVw` nmhZ _hmamO Iyf Pmbo. `mZr
`m`mOdiMm _mb Ko`mMm dm`Xm Ho$bm Am{U n{h`m dJmMm {eYm Xo`mMm
hHy$_ Ho$bm.
VoWo Amam_mV EH$ _{hZm Jobm, naVw H$m_ H$mhr ZhVo. eodQ>r ^mD$gmho~
_hmamOmZm nwhm ^oQ>bo. `mZr `mZm {dZVr Ho$br H$s Am_`mH$S>o Amn`m
gWmZMr {nT>rOmX gZX Amho, hUyZ _Zg~Xmar {_imdr.
_hmamO hUmbo H$s, hr Jmo> \$ma OwZr Amho. Vo H$m_ AmVm Xwg`mbm
{Xbo Amho. nU Vw_Mr BN>m Agob Va XoIaoIrMo H$m_ XoD$. nJma XmoZeo n`o
_{hZm XoD$ !
Vohm ^mD$gmho~ hUmbo H$s, gaXma Kam`mMo AgVmZm Ago ~{Z`mMo
H$m_ H$aUo `mo` Zho. Amnbm hwHy$_ Agob Va Vbdma~mOrMo {nT>rOmX H$m_
{_imdo. Amhr H$Vd XmI{d`mgmR>r V`ma AmhmoV.
_hmamO hUmbo H$s, Vbdma Mmb{d`mMo {Xdg AmVm am{hbo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 14

ZmhrV. hUyZ nmM hOma n`o XoD$Z `mZm g_mZnydH$ {Zamon {Xbm. _J
^mD$gmho~mZr VoWo ~mU-^moOZ KmVbo. H$mhr IQ>mi bmoH$mZm ho ~ao dmQ>bo
Zmhr. `mZr EH$m dmBQ> ~mBbm \y$g bmdyZ ^mD$gmho~mZm ~XZm_ H$a`mMm
`Z Ho$bm, naVw Vo _moR>m MmVw`mZo `m H$aUmVyZ gwI$n ~mhoa nS>bo.
dmhoaMr g\$a
^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$amZr nw`mg Am`mda dmhoabm Om`mMoo Ra{dbo.
`mZr Amn`m~amo~a CMr Amao d gmV n`m CX~`m KoV`m. VoWo Jo`mda
dmhoa`m amOmMr ^oQ> Ko`mMm `Z Ho$bm. EH$m An[a{MVmbm amOmOdi
H$go OmVm `oUma ? `mZr gaXma-{XdmUmH$S>o \o$`m _ma`m, nU `e {_imbo
Zmhr.
Vohm `mZr dS>moX`m_mUo `oWohr EH$ `w$s H$a`mMo R>a{dbo.
dmhoa`m amO_hmbmg_moa JmoaIr ZmdmMo EH$ _XmZ Amho. EHo$ {Xder
^mD$gmho~ nwH$iem CX~`m KoD$Z _XmZmV Jobo. `mZr `m aM`m d noQ>dyZ
{X`m. gd _XmZ gwdmgmZo Xadiy bmJbo. hdo_wio gwJY amOdmS>mVhr ngabm.
gnyU amOdmS>m Xadiy bmJbm. MmH$er gw$ Pmbr Vohm g_Obo H$s EH$
naXoer _mUyg _XmZmV CX~`m OmiV Amho. `mbm _ZmB H$am`Mm hHy$_
Pmbm. ZmoH$amZo niV `oD$Z ^mD$gmho~mZm Vgo gm{JVbo. Vo hUmbo, Amhr
H$mhr ~oH$m`Xoera H$arV Zmhr. dV:Mm _mb OmiV AmhmoV. _hmamOmZo ho
Cma EoHy$Z _hmamOmZr `mZm hOa H$am`Mm hHy$_ {Xbm.
^mD$gmho~mZm hoM hdo hmoVo. `mZr OmD$Z _hmamOmZm AX~rZo gbm_
Ho$bm. MmH$er Pmbr, H$moU AmhmV, H$moRy>Z AmbmV ? Am{U CX~`m H$m
OmiV AmhmV ? Vohm Vo hUmbo, hOya, Amn`m ^oQ>rgmR>r ho {Z{_m Ho$bo.
Amhr ~rS>Mo amhmUmao AmhmoV Am{U ~mnOmmnmgyZ Amnbo godH$ AmhmoV.
Am_`m nydOmZr Amn`mH$Sy>Z gZX {_i{dbr hmoVr. Vr {_imdr hUyZ
Amhr {dZVr H$a`mg Ambmo AmhmoV.
gwZmdUrn`V _hmamOmZr `mZm {eYm Xo`mMm d amoO H$MoarV `o`mMm
hHy$_ {Xbm. `m`mH$S>rb gd _mb Ko`mMo dMZ {Xbo.
_hmR>JrU _m`m / 15

dmhoa ho Jm`m-dmOd`m`m ~m~VrV {g Amho. VoWo ^mD$gmho~mZr

XmoZ _{hZo Amam_mV H$mT>bo. eodQ>r EH$Xm gwZmdUr hmoD$Z hHy$_ Pmbm H$s hr
Jmo> \$ma OwZr Amho. gZXo_mUo AmVm {VZeo KmoS>odmamMm gaXma ~Z{dUo
e` Zmhr. hdo Agob Va Vwhmbm Vh{gbXmar XoVm `oVrb. ^mD$gmho~mZr
boIZ-{hemo~ `mMo H$m_ H$a`mg ZH$ma {Xbm. Vohm `mZm nmM hOma n`o d
EH$ AbH$ma XoD$Z {Zamon Xo`mV Ambm.
`m_wio ^mD$gmho~mda Oi\$iUm`m H$mhr bmoH$mZr H$maWmZ Ho$bo.
`mZr ^mD$gmho~mZm ^moOZmgmR>r ~mobmdyZ A\y$ ImD$ KmVbr. Zeo`m JwJrV
AgVmZm EH$ Zm`H$sU `mZm Amn`m Kar KoD$Z Jobr. _hmamOmH$S>o VH$ma
Jobr. ^mD$gmho~mZm Om~ {dMmabm Vohm Vo hUmbo, _mPr ~XZm_r H$a`mgmR>r
ho H$maWmZ Ho$bobo Amho. na_odam`m H$no_wio Amhr dmMbmo. `mM H$maWmZr
bmoH$mZr Amn`mH$S>o VH$ma Ho$br Amho. _hmamOmMo g_mYmZ H$$Z
^mD$gmho~mZr `mMm {Zamon KoVbm.
dmhoa_`o AgVmZm EH$ ~mB ^mD$gmho~m`mda ^mibr. VoWyZ
{ZKVmZm Vr hUmbr H$s, Amn`mda _mPo _Z ~gbo Amho. AmnU Jo`mda
_mPo H$go hmoUma ? Vo hUmbo, _J Mb Am_`m~amo~a. {VZo {dMmabo,
`m naXoemV AmnU _m`mnmgyZ Xya PmbmV Va ? `m XoemV Amn`mH$S>yZ
{Zam{lV Pm`mda _mPo H$go hmoUma ? ^mD$gmho~mZr Imr XoV {Vbm hQ>bo
H$s, hm Am_Mm eX Amho. eodQ>r Vr `m`m~amo~a nw`mg Ambr.
^mD$gmho~mZr {Vbm BV_m_mZo dmJ{dbo. eodQ>n`V {Vbm `mZr Amn`mOdi
R>odbo Am{U Amnbm eX nmibm.
O`nya_`o
Cma ^maVmVrb dmgm_`o ^mD$gmho~ OdinmgMm Xoe nmhmV
AgV. gmYw-gVmZm ^oQ>V AgV. EH$Xm Vo O`nyabm Jobo. {VWo `m`m nydOmMr
gZX ZhVr H$s O_rZOw_bm ZhVm. nU Vo VoWrb _hmamOmZm ^oQ>bo. _hmamOmZr
{dMmabo, Vwhr H$moUVo ~mU AmhmV ? `mZr MQ>H$Z Cma {Xbo H$s, no{Q>`m
~mU. Hw$UmbmM H$mhr CbJS>m Pmbm Zmhr. {dMmabo Va Xa~maMo Zmd
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 16

OmBb hUyZ amoO XmooZ n`mMm {eYm Xo`mMm hH$y_ Pmbm. _J `mZr XmoZ
{Xdg Amam_mV eha nmhm`mV Kmb{dbo. EHo$ {Xder Vo {Zamon Ko`mg
_hmamOmH$S>o Jobo. Vohm `mZr {dMmabo H$s, no{Q>`m ~mU hUOo H$m` ?
^mD$gmho~mZr Cma {Xbo H$s, nmoQ>mWu ! EoHy$Z gdOU hgy bmJbo. `mMm
hOaO~m~rnUm nmhZ _hmamO Iyf Pmbo d `mZr AmXa-gH$ma H$$Z {Zamon
`mZm {Xbm.
gmVm`mbm
AgoM EH$Xm Vo gmVmabm Jobo. VoWo Vo gmVma`m VH$mbrZ amO_mVm
AmBgmho~mZm ^oQ>bo. `mZr MmH$er Ho$br H$s, H$moU AmhmV ? Hw$R>bo AmhmV ?
`mZr gm{JVbo H$s, Amhr gaXma Kam`mMo ~mU AmhmoV. hbr J`mMm
`dgm` H$aVmo. AmBgmho~ hUm`m H$s, ~mU AgyZ Agm YXm H$amdm
H$m`? ^mD$gmho~mZr gm{JVbo H$s, hmVyZ Vbdmar Jo`m Am{U ~mQ>`m d
S>~S>r Ambr. H$m` H$am`Mo ? AmBgmho~ hgyZ hUm`m H$s, AmVm Amhr
amOo Zmhr, Amnbm g_mZ H$gm H$aUma ? Vohm ^mD$gmho~mZr AmXa XmIdrV
hQ>bo H$s, Amhr AmnUmg b_rMm AdVma g_OVmo. amO_mVoZo _J embnmJmoQ>o XoD$Z `mMm gH$ma Ho$bm d `m`mH$Sy>Z _mbhr IaoXr Ho$bm.
O{O`mbm ^oQ>
^mD$gmho~ O{O`m`m gwbVmZm`m Xa~mamVhr Jobo. VoWo ~amM _mb
Inbm. O{O`mbm EH$ _m{H$ r hmoVr. ^mD$gmho~ {Vbm ^oQ>bo. Vr _moH$`m
^mSmVyZ hiX d Amn`m nXamVyZ IS>rgmIa H$mTy>Z dmQ>V Ago. {VZo
^mD$gmho~mZm IS>rgmIa H$mTyZ {Xbr. {dMma`mda {VZo gm{JVbo H$s _m`m
e$sZo Ago KS>Vo.
***

_hmR>JrU _m`m / 17

5. AmOda Zmgbo, AmVm Zmhr

na_mWmg `mo` ~Z`mMr {Vkm
^mD$gmho~ ho AZoH$ {R>H$mUr `mnmam`m {Z{_mmZo Jobo. VoWrb amOoaOdmS>o `mZm ^oQ>bo. _moRm bmoH$m`m AmoiIr Pm`m. ngm nwH$i {_imbm,
nU BH$S>o ZmM-JmUo hohr Mmby am{hbo, hUyZ JmR>rbm ngm amhmV ZhVm.
nemMr H$_VaVm ^mgVM hmoVr. Iyn ngm {_imdm hUyZ Vo gmYw-gV, \$H$sa,
Ad{b`m `mZm ^oQy>Z `mMr H$nm {_i{d`mMm `Z H$$ bmJbo. H$`mU_`o
`mZm EH$ Ad{b`m ^oQ>bm. `mMr godm H$$Z `mZr `m`mH$Sy>Z {H$_`m
(gmoZo ~Z{d`mMr H$bm) {_i{dbr. {H$_`o_wio Iyn ngm {_imbm, nU Vmohr
CSy>Z OmV am{hbm. ^anya ngm {_i{d`mMm bmo^ `mZm dmQ>V hmoVm. H$m_
Am{U Xm_ `mMr dmgZm H$Yr V hmoVo H$m` ? Vo gmYw-gVmMo XeZ KoV hmoVo.
`m`m CnXoemMm n[aUm_ H$mhr hmoV ZhVm.
`mMr hr pWVr nmhZ EH$m gmYyZo gdmg_j `mMr hOoar KoVbr.
dam`m{edm` gd ImoQo Amho. Vwhr MZr H$arV amhm. na_mW hr Vw_`m
hmVMr Jmo> Zmhr. gmYyMo ho eX ^mD$gmho~mZm bmJbo. Vo AdW Pmbo.
`mM jUr `mZr {Vkm Ho$br H$s _r `m`mH$Sy>Z na_mWmg `mo` Ag`mMo
hUdyZ KoBZ.
{Vkm Ho$br, nU {df`mg$s Amn`mH$S>o AmoTy>Z KoV hmoVr. {V`m
VmdS>rVyZ ~mhoa nS>Uo ho gmono hmoVo H$m` ? h>mZo _ZmV {da$r AmU`mMm `Z
Ho$bm, naVw Vmo `W R>aV hmoVm. BH$S>o {Vkmhr `W R>aV hmoVr. eodQ>r `mZr
Amnbr n{Vkm A_bmV AmU`mMm T> {ZM` Ho$bm Am{U Vo Amnbo Amam`
XdV Agbo`m _mVrMr CnmgZm am{Xdg H$$ bmJbo. `m CnmgZo_wio
`mZm Am_~b {_iy bmJbo. EHo$ {Xder `mZm dZmV _mVrMm >mV Pmbm
H$s, AH$bH$moQ>dm_t`m XeZmbm Om.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 18

Jw$-XeZmMr AmoT>
Vo _moR>m AmdS>rZo AH$bH$moQ>bm Jobo. lrdm_r g_Wm`m ^oQ>rgmR>r
_Z Vi_iy bmJbo hmoVo. VoWo Jo`mda `mZr {Vkm Ho$br H$s Omon`V lrdm_tMo
XeZ hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`V AZ-JhU H$aUma Zmhr.
bmoH$mZr gm{JVbo H$s, Vw_Mr {Vkm H$mhr nyU hmoUma Zmhr. dm_r
ZwH$VoM amOdmS>mV Jobo AmhoV. EH$Xm VoWo Jo`mda Vo nYam-nYam {Xdg
~mhoa nS>V ZmhrV Am{U `mMo XeZ KS>V Zmhr. Vohm hr {Vkm Vwhr gmoSy>Z
m. naVw ^mD$gmho~mZm dmH$`mMo H$Yr R>mD$H$ ZhVo. {Vkm nyU H$am`MrM
`m {Z`mZo Vo AZ`mJ H$$Z gXJw$Mo _aU H$arV ~gyZ am{hbo.
BH$S>o amOdmS>mV lrdm_r _hmamO AmaS>m-AmoaS> H$$ bmJbo. AmoaS>V
hUy bmJbo H$s, Amhmbm ~XrIm`mV Q>mH$Vm H$m` ? bmoH$mZm mg ghZ
H$amdm bmJVmo. `mZm XeZ KS>V Zmhr. Odi`m bmoH$mda Vo {e`mMm
^{S>_ma H$$ bmJbo. bmoH$ `mZm AS>{d`mMm `Z H$$ bmJbo, nU Hw$UmMohr
Z EoH$Vm Vo dmS>m`m VQ>md$Z CS>r _m$Z ~mhoa Ambo.
gXJw$Zo KoVbm doY
hr ~mV_r H$iVmM ^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a ZmZ H$$Z d nyOoMo gm{h`
KoD$Z lrdm_t`mH$S>o Jobo. A`V ^{$^mdmZo nyOm H$$Z `mZr dm_t`m
MaUr _VH$ R>odbo. lrdm_tZr {dMmabo, nm`m H$m nS>Vmog ? Cma {Xbo,
nm`m _O~yV hdm. Vohm `mZr ~moQ> CMbyZ IwQ>rda Q>mJbobo _Jm{OZ
XmIdrV hQ>bo, Vo ~K, Vo ~K. ^mD$gmho~mZr {dZ_nUo gm{JVbo H$s,
AkmZr Amho. _J H$m`, {e`mMm ^{S>_ma gw$ Pmbm. OdiMr _S>ir
Km~$Z Jobr. AmVm gH$Q> H$mogiUma Ago dmQy> bmJbo. VoWo lrdm_tMo {e`
Mmoimnm d gwXam~mB `m ~g`m hmo`m. `mZr ^mD$gmho~mZm hQ>bo, Vwhr
JhW AmhmV. lrdm_tMm amJ H$mogibm Va AZW KS>ob. naVw Vo
dm_t`mg_mo$Z Z hQ>Vm, VoWoM I~ranUo C^o am{hbo. eodQ>r lrdm_r emV
Pmbo. Vo hUmbo, AmVm `oWyZ {ZKyZ Om. VwPo H$m_ Pmbo. `mMm H$nmAmOda Zmgbo, AmVm Zmhr / 19

gmX {_im`mda ^mD$gmho~ nw`mg naVbo.

lrgXJw$Zr Zo_ Y$Z doYbo hmoVo. AmVm Vo am_^mD$ JYr qH$dm
^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a Cabo ZmhrV. Vo Jw-^$s_wio doS>o hmoD$Z Jobo. dmUr _mZ
Pmbr. nmn{MH$ Jmo>r EoH$m`bm H$mZ Cabo ZmhrV. AmVm `mMo H$mZ ho OJm`m
Jmo>r EoH$V ZhVo. BH$S>o {VH$S>o {^a{^a MmbUmao nm` Hw${R>V Pmbo. {O^oda
{ZaVa gXJw$-_mD$brMm On hmoD$ bmJbm. EH$ df Onm_`o _Z hmoD$Z
am{h`mda Vo _mKr nm{U_obm gXJw$`m XeZmgmR>r AH$bH$moQ>bm nmohmoMbo.
`mZm nm{h`mda lrdm_r hUmbo, Am~m nmS>mbm Ambm Amho. {nH$`mda
H$m_ hmoBb. gXJw$Mr Amkm Pm`mda Vo naV Ambo Am{U Jw-_aUmV JwJ
Pmbo.
EH$ dfmZVa nwT>`m _mKr nm{U_obm Vo AH$bH$moQ>bm Jobo. `m doir
`mZr gXJw$Mm CnXoe hmoBn`V VoWoM godm H$arV amh`mMo R>a{dbo. Vo amr`m
doir gXJw$Mo nm` MonrV AgV. EH$m amr lrdm_t`m JwS>`mVyZ EH$ ^`H$a
ZmJ \y$H$ma H$arV H$Q> Pmbm. ^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$a `mZr dV:bm Jw$`m
MaUr AnU Ho$bo hmoVo. gXJw$ _mamo AJa Vmamo. `mZr dm_tMo nm` gmoS>bo
ZmhrV. Vohm Vo CRy>Z ~gbo Am{U gVmnyZ hUmbo, Vy _moR>m amjg Amhog,
{O Amhog. ^mD$gmho~ ~rS>H$amZm EH$ jU Ago dmQ>bo H$s AmVm gXJw$
emn Va XoUma ZmhrV ? BV`mV `mMm amJ emV Pmbm. Vo hUmbo, {O
amjgm, BWyZ MmbVm hmo. Am{U `mZr `m`m Wmo~mS>rV _mabr. Wmo~mS>rV
nS>VmM lr~rS>H$a ~oew hmoD$Z nS>bo. Hw$UrVar `mZm Xwg`m ImobrV ZoD$Z
R>odbo.
gH$mir Oohm Vo OmJo Pmbo, Vohm AmZXm_`o ~wSy>Z Jobo hmoVo. Wmo~mS>rV
{_im`mda `mMr AhVm nyUnUo Zmhrer Pmbr hmoVr. AmVm lr~rS>H$a ho
~rS>H$a Cabo ZmhrV. `mMm Zdm O_ Pmbm hmoVm. lrdm_r g_WmMo {e`mom_
lram_ZX ~rS>H$a _hmamO hUyZ bmoH$ `mZm AmoiIy bmJbo.
_mJo-nwT>o Jw$ C^o
ZVa lr~rS>H$a _hmamO dm_t`m XeZmbm Jobo Vohm dm_r hUmbo,
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 20

AmVm Vw`m ~mnmMo H$m` XoUo Cabo Amho ? Om, godm H$a. lrdm_tZr `mZm
gh^moOZ Kmb`mMr Amkm Ho$br. Jw$Zo {Xbobr gh^moOZmMr Amkm H$er
nwar hm`Mr ? Odi BVHo$ ngo ZhVo. ~amo~a `mZr Amao AmUbr hmoVr, naVw
AH$bH$moQ> amoS> Q>oeZmd$Z KmoS>mda ~gyZ `oVmZm, KmoS>m XMH$bm Am{U
AmamMr noQ>r Imbr nSy>Z Hw$`m \w$Q>`m. AmVm H$m` H$aUma ?
Vohm `mZr AH$bH$moQ>`m {XdmUm`m AmoiIrda _mb CYma KoVbm
d gh^moOZ KmVbo. gdmZm Mma-Mma AmUo X{jUm {Xbr. lrdm_r _hmamO
hUmbo, Amhmbm ^moOZ {Xbog, X{jUm {Xbr Zmhrg, ~m XpN>Zm XoJm,
~hV XoJm. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZm dmQ>bo H$s lrdm_r X{jUogmR>r _moR>r aH$_
_mJVrb. H$mhr haH$V Zmhr. Vo hUmbo, Amnbr Amkm {eagmd. naVw
dm_tZm Vo nQ>bo Zmhr. Vo hUmbo, AmVm ImoQ>o H$m ~mobVmog ? Vw_go X{jUm
Xr Zht OmEJr & dMZ Xmo & lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr hmVmda hmV R>odyZ VrZ
doim dMZ {Xbo, Vohm lrdm_r g_W hUmbo, Vy Or OS>r-~wQtMr {H$_`m
H$aVmog, Vr AmOnmgyZ ~X. nwT>o H$am`Mr Zmhr. hrM Am_Mr Jw-X{jUm.
`m {H$_`o_wio OrdZ MmJbo Mmbbo hmoVo, {OMm _moR>m AmYma hmoVm,
VrM ~X Pmbr Va H$go hmoUma ? Xwgam Hw$Ur AgVm Va `mZo _mJo-nwT>o nm{hbo
AgVo, naVw lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMr Jw-{Z>m AT>i hmoVr. H$mhrhr {dMma Z
H$aVm Vo hUmbo, Amnbr Amkm {eagmd Amho, naVw _r dV: {H$_`m
H$aUma Zmhr. `mgmR>r {e`mbm V`ma H$arZ. Vohm lrdm_r hUmbo,
H$aUmam {_imbm Va H$a. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO hUmbo, na_mW {dmgwm
_r Xwg`mZm gmJoZ. dm_r hUmbo, am`m, ^wHo$`mbm ImD$ Kmb, ZmhrVa
AZmMm {MdS>m hmoBb. `mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamO hUmbo, ^wHo$`mbm
Hw$Urhr Im`bm XoBb.
AZwJh AmVm nyU Pmbm hmoVm. AH$bH$moQ>_Yrb CYmar ^mJdm`Mr
hmoVr. {H$_`m Va Jw$`m MaUr AnU Ho$br hmoVr. ngm Hw$Ry>Z `oUma ?
amOdmS>mV A>JY dJao MmoiyZ dm_r g_WmZm ZmZ KmbV AgV, naVw
`moJm`moJmZo VoM gnbo hmoVo. {XdmUmZr amOogmho~mZm ~rS>H$amMo Zmd gwM{dboo.
AmOda Zmgbo, AmVm Zmhr / 21

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZm {dMma`mda Vo hUmbo, _m`mH$S>o H$Vwar Zmhr. Vr

{_imbr Va ~ZdyZ XoBZ. H$VwarMr `dWm Pmbr. _J lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr
\w$Q>bo`m Hw$`mVyZ \$m`m KmbyZ AmamMo W|~ H$mT>bo Am{U Vo {_giyZ CH$>
A>JY V`ma Ho$bo. amOogmho~mZm Vo AmdS>bo. _m{JVbr Vr qH$_V {_imbr.
CYmar ^mJdyZ dmQ>MmbrgmR>r ngohr Cabo. Jw$`m MaUr dV:bm AnU
Ho$`mda VmoM gd AS>MUrVyZ {Z^mdyZ ZoVmo. _J H$miOr H$emMr ?
lrdm_tMr H$nm Pm`mda lr~rS>H$a _hmamO nw`mg naVbo. gXJw_aUm{edm` `mZm MZ nS>V Zgo. AmVm `mZm ggmam{df`r {da$s Ambr.
Amg$s gwQ>br d _ZmV {da$s Ambr. `m Xa`mZ `mMr AmB H$bmgdmgr
Pmbr. ~onmm Pmbobm ^mD$ {ZdV`mMo g_Obo. ~{hUr dma`m hmo`m. __VoMr
~YZo EH$ EH$ Aer VwQy> bmJbr hmoVr. naVw AOwZr H$V`o gm^mimd`mMr
hmoVr. dmhoa`m ~mBbm eodQ>n`V gm^mim`Mo dMZ {Xbo hmoVo. Vrhr bdH$aM
dmabr. lr_hmamOm`m _ZmdaMo EH$ AmoPo CVabo.
Vo `mdhm[aH$ >rZo CXmgrZ hmoD$ bmJbo hmoVo. bmoH$ `mMr Mo>m H$$
bmJbo H$s ^mD$gmho~mZm doS> bmJbo Amho. Jw$Zo doY`mda doS>o H$go hmoUma
ZmhrV ? H$mhr bmoH$ qZXm H$$ bmJbo H$s H$$Z-H$$Z ^mJbo Am{U AmVm
XodnyOobm bmJbo. naVw lr_hmamOmZm VwVrMm AmZX dmQ>V ZhVm d qZXo_wio
mg hmoV ZhVm. EH$ gXJw$M AmVm VmaUmam hmoVm. H$mhr {XdgmZVa Vo
Jw$`m XeZmgmR>r AH$bH$moQ>bm Jobo, Vohm lrdm_r hUmbo H$s, nwhm
`oWo `oD$ ZH$mog. Z_Xm-n[aH$_m H$a.
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr {e`mH$adr {H$_`m H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm,
naVw Vmo `edr Pmbm Zmhr, Vohm `mZr Vmo {dMma gmoSy>Z {Xbm. CnmMo
gmYZ Zmhrgo Pmbo. KamV Oo ZmVodmBH$ `oD$Z am{hbo Vo AmoT>JVr nmhZ {ZKyZ
Jobo. AmVm KamV \$$ XmoKoOU hmoVo, EH$ dV: lr_hmamO d gm. OmZH$s~mB
AmBgmho~. lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV AmVm EH$M {dMma hmoVm H$s Jw$ `m Amko_mUo
Z_Xm-n[aH$_m H$am`Mr Amho. Hw$Umbmhr Z gmJVm {Z:gJ ~ZyZ Om`m`m
gYrMr dmQ> nmhmV hmooVo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 22

`mMr _wbJr JamoXa hmoVr. ~miVnUmV {VMr H$miOr Ko`mgmR>r

amdoarhZ Omd`mMo ~mobmdUo Ambo. gm. OmZH$s~mB AmBgmho~ VoWo OmD$Z VrZ
_{hZo amhUma hmo`m. `mZm nmohmoM{d`m`m {Z{_mmZo amdoarbm OmD$Z VoWyZ
n[aH$_ogmR>r {ZKyZ Om`Mo _hmamOmZr R>a{dbo. `mZr AmBgmho~mZm amdoarbm
nmohmoM{dbo d nw`mbm OmD$Z `oVmo, Ago gmJyZ Vo amdoar Q>oeZda Ambo. naVw
JmS>rV Z ~gVm Am|H$maodabm nm`r {ZKmbo. Am|H$maodahZ n[aH$_ogmR>r
{ZK`mMm `mZr {dMma Ho$bm hmoVm.
`mZr gH$n Ho$bm hmoVm H$s AmOda Zmgbo AmVm ZmgUma Zmhr. `m
OrdZmMr AmOn`V ZmgmS>r Ho$br, AmVm `mMr ZmgmS>r hmoD$ XoUma Zmhr.
dmQ>ob Vo hmodmo.
***

lram_mZX CdmM
n e mgmRr gmYZ H$aUo `mo ` Zho . {gr `m
dmamJZo_mUo AgVmV. `m j{UH$ gwI XoD$Z {ZKyZ OmVmV.
nw`-jor amhZ Aer Hw$H$_} H$a`m_`o Am_Zme Amho.
_{gr hr {_i{dVm `oV,o naVw `moJ-{gr ^JdVm`m H$no_i
w o
m hmoVo.
*
d-d$nmMr Omon`V AmdS> {Z_mU hmoUma Zmhr,
Vmon`V AhVm d __Vm gwQ>Uma Zmhr. OmaU-_maU hr {dm
ZaH$mbm nmohmoM{dVo. H$ZH$ d H$mVm `mMm bmo^ hm na_mWmbm
~mYH$ AgVmo.

AmOda Zmgbo, AmVm Zmhr / 23

6. gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo>

Z_Xm-n[aH$_m
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Z_XmVQ>r Am|H$maodabm nmohmoMbo. VoWo EH$ gdm
~Mmar gmYH$ amhmV hmoVo. `m`m Aml_mV lr_hmamO CVabo. `mZm
lr_hmamOmZr Amnbm Z_Xm-n[aH$_oMm gH$n gm{JVbm. Amn`mOdirb
H$nS>o, OmoS>o B`mXr dVy `m`mH$S>o XoD$Z lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, Oa
Amhr {OdV naV Ambmo, Va `m dVy naV m. ~Mmar~wdmZr _hmamOmZm
n[aH$_oMo {Z`_ gm{JVbo. Z_XoMm H$mR> gmoS>m`Mm Zmhr, {XdgmVyZ EH$Xm Var
Z_XoMo nmUr `m`Mo. `mZr hohr gm{JVbo H$s, dmQ>oV EH$m Q>oH$S>rda EH$
Jmogmdr amhmVmo. Vmo Hw$Umbmhr Wmam XoV Zmhr. `m`mH$S>o OmD$ ZH$m. nwT>o
Jo`mda \$maJra Jmogmdr `mMm _R> Amho. Vmo K_|S>Imoa Amho. ~mUmMo OmZdo
VmoS>yZ Q>mH$Vmo d `mMm An_mZ H$aVmo hUyZ `m`mH$S>ho r OmD$ ZH$m. lr_hmamO
`mMm {Zamon KoD$Z AZdmUr {ZKmbo. `m`mOdi Zog`mgmR>r EH$ YmoVa d
Immda EH$ nMm Aem XmoZM Jmo>r hmo`m.
Q>oH$S>rdaMm Jmogmdr
~Mmar~wdmZr gm{JVbo hmoVo H$s Q>oH$S>rda amhUm`m Jmogm`mnmgyZ
d \$maJra Jmogm`mnmgyZ Xya amhm. naVw lr_hmamOmZm nmhmd`mMo hmoVo H$s
`m`mV {H$Vr X_ Amho, hUyZ OmUyZ ~wOyZ Vo Q>oH$S>rda`m Jmogm`m`m
nUHw$Q>rda Jobo. VoWo H$moUr ZhVo hUyZ OmoaOmoamZo hmH$m _m$ bmJbo. Vohm Vmo
gVmnyZ {e`m XoV XJS> KoD$Z _mam`bm Ymdbm. `mMr Pmon_moS> Pmbr hmoVr,
hUyZ dmBQ> ~mobV hmoVm. lr_hmamO Jn C^o hmoVo. Jmogm`mZo amJmdyZ `mZm
{ZKyZ Om`bm gm{JVbo.
Vohm lr_hmamO Z_nUmZo hUmbo H$s, _r ~mrgmR>r n[aH$_m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 24

H$arV Amho. Vw_`mgmaIm Jw$ {_im`mg _r {e` hmo`mg V`ma Amho.

Vohm Vmo hUmbm, Mobm ~Zm`Mo Agob Va Zwg`m Jnm _m$Z Cn`moJr Zmhr.
VZ-_Z-YZ gd H$mhr Jw$bm AnU H$amdo bmJVo, Jw$Mr godm H$amdr bmJVo.
AZoH$ O_mMo ho H$m_ Amho. _J Vmo lr_hmamOmZm Km~adyZ gmoS>`mgmR>r
CnXoem`m b`m-MdS>m Jmo>r gmJy bmJbm. Varhr lr_hmamO {dM{bV
Pmbo ZmhrV. `mZr godm H$a`mMr BN>m `$ Ho$br. XwnmaMo H$S>H$ D$Z nS>bo
hmoVo. Jmogm`mZo lr_hmamOm`m Im`m-{n`mMm {dMma Z H$aVm EH$ _moR>r
KmJa AmUyZ `m`mg_moa R>odbr Am{U Z_XoMo nmUr AmU`mg \$_mdbo.
lr_hmamO ho T> {ZM`r d eX nmiUmao hmoVo. Vo XmoZ {XdgmMo CnmerVmnmer hmoVo. _mJMm nwT>Mm {dMma Z H$aVm Vo KmJa CMbyZ ZXrH$S>o {ZKmbo.
Xwnma`m Vmnbo`m aoVr_`o nm` nmoiyZ {ZKV hmoVo. niVniV Vo nm`mOdi
nmohmoMbo Am{U `mZr nm`mV CS>r KoVbr. AmKmoi H$$Z nmUr `m``mda
`mZm ~ao dmQ>bo. nm`mZo ^$Z KmJa Immda KoVbr. naVVmZm nm` aoVrV Vy
bmJbo Am{U ^mOy bmJbo. naVw gXJw$Mo _aU H$arV Vo KmBKmBZo naVy bmJbo.
`mZm Ae$nUm d Chm_wio M$a Ambr Am{U KmJa Imbr nSy>Z \w$Qy>Z Jobr.
Varhr _moR>m Y`mZo Vo gXJw$Mo _aU H$arV EH$m PmS>mImbr OmD$Z ~gbo.
{VH$S>o `m Jmogm`m`m {Z` nyOo_`o Or JmonmiH$UmMr _yVu hmoVr
Vr WaWa H$mny bmJbr. Vo nmhZ Jmogmdr Km~$Z Jobm. _yVu_YyZ AmdmO `oD$
bmJbm H$s, _bm nmUr AmU`mg gmJVmog H$m` ? `j Amnbo Amam`
Agbo`m JmonmiH$UmMo ~mobUo EoHy$Z Vmo Jmogmdr nMmmmn H$$ bmJbm Am{U
j_m _mJyZ lr_hmamOmZm emoYm`bm {ZKmbm. `m Jmogm`mbm `oVmZm nmhZ
lr_hmamOmZm dmQ>bo H$s AmVm hm VmnQ> Jmogmdr H$m` H$aVmo` Hw$Umg R>mD$H$,
hUyZ Vo gXJw$Mo Zm__aU H$arV ~gyZ am{hbo. Jmogm`mZo `oD$Z lr_hmamOmMo
nm` Yabo d Vmo j_m _mJy bmJbm. `mZo _hmamOmZm gd Jmo>r gm{JV`m
Am{U Vmo `mZm Amn`m Hw$Q>r_`o KoD$Z Ambm.
lr_hmamOmZm KoD$Z Am`mda Jmogm`mZo `m`m Im`m-{n`mMr
`dWm Ho$br d {e` ~ZyZ `mMr godm H$$ bmJbm. Vmo Jmogmdr H$mhr Xw>
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 25

ZhVm. ^JdVmMm _moR>m ^$ hmoVm. amr Vmo nm`mV KwJ$ ~mYyZ _moR>m o_mZo
^Jd V mg_mo a ZmMV Ago . Jmo n miH $ UmMr _y V u gJw U gmH$ma hmo D $Z
`m`mg_doV, hgV-ZmMV Ago. Amn`m Amam`mbm ng H$a`mgmR>r Vmo
amr Iyn C{eamn`V ZmMV Ago, hUyZ `mbm Xwnmar Pmon `oV Ago. ho ah`
Hw$Umbm _mhrV hmoD$ Z`o hUyZ Vmo Hw$Umbm Amn`mOdi {\$aHy$ XoV Zgo. Hw$Ur
Ambo Va {e`m XoD$Z {nQ>miV Ago.
`mMo ^Jdo_ nmhZ lr_hmamOmZm AmZX Pmbm. `mZr Mma-nmM
{Xdg VoWo amhZ `mbm `mZ`moJmMo kmZ {Xbo. gJwU-{ZJwU `mVrb ^oX
gm{JVbm Am{U m{U_mm~b X`m^md ~miJUo, A{VWrMm gH$ma H$aUo
B`mXr Jmo>tMm CnXoe H$$Z `mMm {Zamon KoVbm. Jmogmdrgwm `mMm ^$
~Zbm.
\$maJra ~m~m
lr~rS> H $a _hmamO ho EH$Q> mZo n[aH $ _m H$arV AgV. BVa
n[aH$_mdmgt`m~amo~a MmbUo `mZm AmdS>V Zgo. `m bmoH$mV `mZm amKd
MV` `m ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmV hmoVo. `mMr H$sVr \$maJra ~m~mZo EoH$br.
Vmo `moJr hmooVm, naVw `mbm AOwZr nyUmdWm m Pmbobr ZhVr. Vmo Amn`m
Jw$`m g_mYrOdi WmQ>m_mQ>mZo amhmV Ago. `mMo gXJw$ nyU `moJr hmoVo. Vo
g_m{YW Pmbo hmoVo. `mZr ~m~mbm gmJyZ R>odbo hmoVo H$s _m`m g_mYrda Omo
H$moUr g_mYr bmdob, `mbm Vy _m`mgmaIm `moJr g_O. `m ~m~mZo Amn`m
Jw$Mr gJ_adar g_mYr ~Z{dbr hmoVr Am{U {V`m nyOogmR>r ~mU R>odbm
hmoVm.
`mbm JmOm {n`mMm emH$ hmoVm. `mMr {Mbr_ \$ma _moR>r hmoVr.
{Mbr_ KoD$Z Vmo Agm X_ _mam`Mm H$s _moR>r dmim {ZKV Ago. Hw$Ur Ambm
Va `mbm {Mbr_ XoD$Z `mMr \${OVr H$$Z J_V nmhr. Vr {Mbr_ AmoT>`mda
gm_m` _mUgmMr Zeo_wio XwXem hmoV Ago. Vmo ~mUmZm VwN> g_OV Ago d
Zem MT>`mda `mMo OmZdo VmoSy>Z Q>mH$sV Ago. lr_hmamO Am`mda `mZo
`mMr \${OVr H$amd`mMo R>a{dbo Am{U {e`mH$Sy>Z {Mbr_ V`ma H$$Z `m`m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 26

hmVr {Xbr. dmgm_wio lr_hmamO X_yZ Jobo hmoVo, naVw `mZr Z S>J_JVm
{Mbr_ KoVbr Am{U OmoaXma X_ _mabm, `m~amo~a {Mb_rVyZ dmim {ZKmbr.
Vo nmhZ ~m~mZo em~mgH$s {Xbr Am{U `mZm Amn`m~amo~a Pmonm`mda
~g{dbo, _mZ {Xbm.
lr_hmamOmZr XmoZ-Mma {Xdg VoWo amhZ nm{hbo H$s \$maJra ~m~m hm
_R, {e`, EofAmam_ d AhH$ma `m`m _m`mOmimV Jwa\$Qy>Z Jobm Amho. `moJr
AgyZhr ^moJr Pmbobm Amho. Vohm `mZr `m`m Jw$`m g_m{Y_{XamVM
dV: g_mYr bmd`mMo R>a{dbo. `mZr {VW`m ~mU nwOm`mbm gm{JVbo,
nU Vmo ~m~m`m ^rVr_wio Km~$Z Jobm. lr_hmamOmZr `mbm g_Omdbo,
Am{U g_mYr`m WmZr doe Ho$bm d Vo `m {R>H$mUr g_mYr bmdyZ ~gbo.
Hw$Umbm nmm bmJbm Zmhr. lr_hmamO {Xgbo ZmhrV hUyZ \$maJra ~m~m
AdW Pmbm. lr_hmamOm~amo~a ImVm-{nVmZm, {Mbr_ AmoT>VmZm `mbm
AmZX dmQ>o. Xwg`m {Xder lr_hmamOmZr ~m~m`m dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s
_r g_m{Y_{XamV g_mYr bmdyZ ~gbmo Amho. ~m~mZo g_m{Y_{XamMo Xma CKSy>Z
nm{hbo Va lr_hmamO g_m{Y_Z hmoVo. `mZm nmhZ ~m~mbm _moR>m AmZX
Pmbm. `m`m Jw$Zo gm{JVbo hmoVo H$s _m`m g_mYr_`o Omo H$moUr g_mYr
bmdyZ ~gob, `mbm Vy _m`mgmaIm g_O. ~m~mbm `j gXJw$Mr ^oQ>
Pm`mMm AmZX Pmbm. `mMm gd AhH$ma Zmhrgm Pmbm d `mZo lr_hmamOmMo
MaUr bmoQ>mJU KmVbo.
`m ~m~mZo _moR>m AmXamZo lr_hmamOmZm Amn`mOdi R>odyZ KoVbo.
`mZo `moJ-_mJmVrb Amn`m AS>MUr `mZm gm{JV`m. lr_hmamOmZr `mMo
g_mYmZ Ho$bo. Vo hUmbo H$s, Vn`o_wio {gr {_iVmV, naVw `m `mo`mbm
^wai nmS>VmV d R>H${dVmV. _ZmVrb Amg$s Jo`m{edm` `moJmMr {gr hmoV
Zmhr, hUyZ Vy AhH$ma gmoSy>Z XoD$Z d$nmMo AZwgYmZ H$a. g`m
`mo`mH$Sy>Z CnXoe {_im`m_wio ~m~mbm Iyn AmZX Pmbm. `mbm Amn`m
H$`m~b nMmmmn dmQy> bmJbm. lr_hmamOmZr g_mYr`m nyOogmR>r AgUm`m
~mU {e`mbmhr CnXoe {Xbm H$s `oWo JwVyZ Z nS>Vm `mZ-_mJmMm drH$ma
H$a. _J Vo n[aH$_ogmR>r nwT>o {ZKmbo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 27

gXJw$Mo XeZ
lr_hmamO H$Yr n[aH$_m H$aUm`m~amo~a OmV, Va H$Yr EH$Q>o OmV
AgV. EH$Xm Vo BVamZm gmoSy>Z EH$Q>oM {ZKmbo. AmR> {Xdg H$mhr Imbo
ZhVo. Vo KZXmQ> OJbmVyZ {ZKmbo. gy` _mdibm hmoVm Am{U AYma CV$
bmJbm hmoVm, Vohm `mZm OmUrd Pmbr H$s g_moaMm H$S>m VwQ>bobm Amho Am{U
OdiOdi Mmirg \y$Q> Imbr EH$ N>moQ>r ZXr Z_Xobm `oD$Z {_iV Amho.
BH$S>o; {VH$S>o nm{hbo Va KZXmQ> PmS>r hmoVr. _mJo qH$dm nwT>o Om`mg aVm
ZhVm. amr`m AYmamV qh ney ~mhoa `oVrb. `mZm ~ir Va nS>Uma
Zmhr ? gXJw$Mo _aU H$$Z lr_hmamOmZr VoWrb EH$ {eim dN> H$$Z
KoVbr. g\$mB H$aVmZm AMmZH$ EH$ bmoIS>mMm VwH$S>m gmnS>bm. hr gXJw$Mr
H$nm g_OyZ `mZr gXJw$Zm {UnmV Ho$bm. Vmo VwH$S>m XJS>mda KmgyZ gm\$
Ho$bm Am{U JmaJmoQ>rZo {R>UJr nmSy>Z AmJ V`ma Ho$br. D$~ {_im`m_wio ~ao
dmQ>bo. eoH$moQ>r-Odi ~gyZ Vo `mZ H$$ bmJbo. A`m amr gmdY Pmbo
Vohm `mZm {Xgbo H$s eoH$moQ>r`m nbrH$S>o H$moUr Var ~gbobo Amho. nmbmnmMmoim KmbyZ AmJ noQ>{dbr Va g_moa EH$ {YnmS> dmK ~gbm hmoVm. Vmo
{XgVmM lr_hmamO \$ma Km~$Z Jobo, naVw jU^amV `mZr dV:bm gmdabo.
{dM{bV Z hmoVm `mZr ndZ pWa Ho$bm Am{U dmKm`m nmR>rda ZOa amoIbr.
EdT>mV dmKmZo Vm|S> di{dbo. amr`m AYmamV `mMr S>aH$mir EoHy$Z Vo
Km~abo, naVw h>mZo `mZr `m`m ZOaobm ZOa {^S>{dbr. Vmo {~MH$bm.
JOZm H$arV d eonyQ> AmnQ>rV Vmo {\$$ bmJbm. Ago dmQV hmoVo H$s AmVm Vmo
H$Yrhr lr_hmamOmda VwQ>yZ nS>ob. eodQ>r Vmo S>aH$m`m \$moSV eoH$moQ> rnmgyZ
Xya CS>r _m$Z ZOaoAmS> {ZKyZ Jobm. gXJw$Mr hr X`m nmhZ lr_hmamOm`m
S>mo`mV Aly Vaibo. VhmZ-^yH$ bmJbr hmoVr. naVw H$moUVmM AmYma ZhVm.
gXJw$Mo qMVZ H$arV `mZm Ho$hm Pmon bmJbr, ho H$ibo Zmhr.
gH$mir Oohm S>moim CKS>bm Vohm H$mhrer hemar dmQ>V hmoVr. VoWrb
H$S>m VwQ>bobm hmoVm. VhmZ Iyn bmJbr hmoVr. H$S>mImbr ZXrMr dmiy hmoVr.
gXJw$Mo _aU H$arV `mZr dmiyV CS>r _mabr. _D$ dmiy_wio `mZm H$mhr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 28

bmJbo Zmhr. `mZr _Zgmo$ nmUr {nD$Z KoVbo. AmVm da H$go Om`Mo? eodQ>r
Vo ZXr`m H$mR>mZo Mmby bmJbo. PmS>r AmobmSy>Z Jo`mda `mZm {Xgbo H$s
dmiyV XwnQ> AmH$mamMr bm~-$X nmdbo C_Q>br AmhoV. Odinmg H$moUr
_Zw` amhmV Agmdm, Ago dmQ>bo. `m nmD$bIwUmMm _mJmodm KoV Vo Mmby
bmJbo. EH$X_ `mZm AmnU EH$m Jwho`m Vm|S>mer C^o Ag`mMo AmT>iyZ
Ambo. Jwhm qMMmoir hmoVr d AmV AYma ngabobm hmoVm. _moR>m Y`mZo Vo AmV
{eabo. WmoS>mgm H$me {Xgy bmJbm Am{U nwT>o Jo`mda Vo _moH$`m OmJoV
nmohmoMbo. VoWo EH$ Aml_ hmoVm. Aml_m`m Xmamda VmoM amrMm dmK S>moio
{_Qy>Z ~gbm hmoVm. hr gXJw$Mr brbm Amho, ho `mZr OmUbo. `mZr `m
dmKm`m MaUr bmoiU KoVbr, Vohm `mZm {Xgbo H$s `j lrdm_r g_W
VoWo {damO_mZ AmhoV. lr_hmamOmZr `mMo nm` Yabo Am{U Vo AmZXmlyZr
lrdm_rMo MaU jmbZ H$$ bmJbo. lrdm_r g_W `mMr nmR> WmonQ>V
hUmbo, ~oQ>m, {^`mMo H$mhr H$maU Zmhr. Am{U Vo A` Pmbo. gXJw$`m
XeZm_wio lr_hmamO {ZpMV Pmbo Am{U nwT>o OmD$ bmJbo. Xyada ngabobr
XmQ> PmS>r, \w$bmZr S>dabo`m dobr Am{U H$S>m_Yrb nmfmUmVyZ Q>nH$Umao
nmUr nmhZ lr_hmamOmMm AmZX JJZmV _mdoZm. `mZr MmohrH$S>o emoY KoVbm
Va H$S>mVrb N>moQ>m JwhoV EH$ {YnmS> `mo{JamO ~g`mMo {Xgbo. `m _hmZ
`mo`mMo XeZ Pm`mda `mZr `mMr VwVr H$arV `mZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma Ho$bm.
`mZm nmhZ `mo{JamOmZr {dMmabo H$s, Vy `oWo H$m d H$gm Ambmg ? lr_hmamO
hUmbo H$s, Amn`m oaUo_wio _r Amn`m nmD$bIwUmMm _mJmodm KoV `oWo
Ambmo. `mo{JamO g Pmbo. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm `mZ`moJmZo Ah ~mp_
hm T> ^md m H$a`mMm CnXoe {Xbm. lr_hmamO hUmbo, earam`m
{dH$mamda {dO` {_i{d`mgmR>r _Z de Ho$bo nm{hOo. ho EoHy$Z `mo{JamOmZm
g_mYmZ dmQ>bo. `mZr Aml_m`m n[agamV bmJbobm EH$ H$X lr_hmamOmH$Sy>Z
^mOyZ KoVbm. `mMo Q>a\$b H$mT>`mda `mVyZ {e`mgmaIr Md Agbobm Ja
~mhoa nS>bm. Vmo Im`mda lr_hmamOmZm AmR> {Xdg ^wHo$Mm mg dmQ>bm Zmhr.
`mo{JamOmZr `mZm VrZ-Mma {Xdg Amn`mOdi R>odyZ KoVbo. _J
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 29

hUmbo, `oWo VwPr Z_Xm-n[aH$_m nyU Pmbr Amho, AmVm Vy naV Om. `mZr
lr_hmamOmZm S>moio {_QyZ Ko`mg gm{JVbo Am{U EH$m jUmV _moR>m a`mda
AmUyZ gmoS>bo. `mo{JamOmMm {Zamon KoD$Z Vo nwT>o OmD$ bmJbo.
gmZo dm_r
nwT>o Jo`mda gmZo dm_tMm _R >hmoVm. Vo g`mgr hmoVo. dH$sMr
MmJbr _m{hVr `mZm hmoVr. bm~ bm~yZ bmoH$ `m`mOdi AmfYmonMmamgmR>r
`oV AgV. AmfYmonMmam`m H$m_mVyZ _moH$io Pm`mda ~Xm_ d IgIg
XwYmV dmQy>Z C~Q>Z ~Z{dbo OmB, {e` `m`m AJmbm Vo MmoiyZMmoiyZ bmdV
d Ja_ nm`mZo ZmZ KmbrV. Vo dm_r EH$mVm_`o em{iJm_mMr nyOm H$arV
AgV. nyOoZVa H$\$Zr d IS>mdm KmbyZ _mYwH$ar _mJyZ AmUrV. naV Am`mda
Vr _mYwH$ar _R>mVrb JmBZm Mma`mZVa Vo ^moOZ H$arV AgV.
lr_hmamO VoWo nmohmoMbo Vohm gmZo dm_r EH$mVmV hmoVo. {e`mZr
AmJh Ho$`m_wio lr_hmamO VoWo Wm~bo. ^moOZmZVa dm_r Amnbm _moR>onUm
gmJy bmJbo. AmnU `moJr Am{U XmZr Ag`mMo dUZ H$$ bmJbo. XmoZ {Xdg
am{h`mda lr_hmamOmZm H$iyZ Ambo H$s dm_r Amn`m earamMo MmoMbo
nwadrV AmhoV. {Vg`m {Xder dm_r lr_hmamOmZm Z_Xo`m {H$Zmar KoD$Z
Jobo. emMmXrZVa lr_hmamOmZr S>mohmV AmKmoi Ho$br. _m dm_r ZXrV AmKmoi
H$a`mg _mJo nwT>o nmh bmJbo. Vohm lr_hmamO `mZm hUmbo H$s, g`mg
KoD$Z ^Jdr do KmV`mZo H$mhr hmoV Zmhr. _Zmo{ZJh Zgob Va g`mgmnojm
JhWml_ MmJbm. dm_r ZmamO hmoD$Z hUmbo, Vwhmbm S>mohmV CS>r
_mam`bm gm{JVbo Va ~mobUo ~X hmoBb. ho EoH$VmM lr_hmamOmZr _JatZr
^abo`m `m drg-nMdrg hmV Imob S>mohmV CS>r KoVbr. dm_r Km~abo.
AmVm ~h`oMo nmn bmJob, `m {dMmamZo Vo H$miOrV nS>bo. lr_hmamO Iyn
doi ~mhoa Ambo ZmhrV, hUyZ dm_r Amn`m {e`mZm ~mobmd`mg _R>mH$S>o
Ymdbo. Vmon`V lr_hmamO nm`mVyZ ~mhoa Ambo. dm_tMo S>moio CKS>bo. Vo
`mMr VwV r H$arV hUmbo, AmnU _hmZ AmhmV. _mPr Xoh-__Vm
gwQ>`mgmR>rM ^JdVmZo AmnUmg nmR>{dbo hmoVo. dm_tZr I`m AWmZo g`V
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 30

amh`mMm T> {ZM` Ho$bm. lr_hmamO XmoZ {Xdg {VWo amhZ nwT>o {ZKmbo.
{eybnmUr`m dZmV
nwT>o EH$m Jmogm`mMm _R> hmoVm. lr_hmamO VoWo Jobo. Jmogm`mZo `mMo
AmXam{V` Ho$bo. `mZo gm{JVbo H$s, nwT>o {eybnmUr `m {R>H$mUr KZXmQ> dZ
Amho. {VWo aVo, nmD$b-dmQ>m ZmhrV. H$mVimMm Xoe Amho Am{U OmJmoOmJr
H$S>o VwQ>bobo AmhoV. VoWo `moH$$ dmQ> MwHy$Z ^aH$Q>V OmVmo. {VWo Om`Mo hUOo
_`w_wIr Om`mgmaIo Amho. `m Jmo>rMr _m{hVr `moH$$Zm Xo`mgmR>rM _r
`oWo _R> ~ZdyZ amhmV Amho. lr_hmamOmZr `mMo Am^ma _mZbo. A{YH$
Vnmg Ho$bm, Vohm Vmo hUmbm H$s, `m {eybnmUr_`o {eybnmUr ^JdmZ
eH$amMm {Zdmg Amho. EH$Xm eH$a ho nmdVr~amo~a {dbmg H$arV hmoVo, Vohm
AMmZH$ n[aH$_m H$aUmao bmoH$ VoWo Am`mMo nmhZ Vr bmObr. {VZo emn {Xbm
H$s, `m dZm_`o Omo doe H$arb Vmo {OdV naV `oUma Zmhr. _J ^JdmZ
eH$amZr C:emn {Xbm H$r, Omo `moJr Agob VmoM `oWyZ nbrH$S>o OmD$ eHo$b,
qH$dm ^{$^mdmZo Omo _bm eaU `oBb `mbm _r _XV H$arZ. lr_hmamOmZr
`m Jmogm`mMm {Zamon KoVbm Am{U `m {eybnmUr`m dZmV Om`Mo R>a{dbo.
PmS>r_`o doe H$aVmM {^bmZr `mZm doT>bo Am{U Amnbm H$a
_m{JVbm. `m`mOdi hmoVo Var H$m` ? eodQ>r `m`m ImmdaMm nMm KoD$Z
Vo {ZKyZ Jobo. AmVm lr_hmamOm`mOdi Zogm`Mm nMm VodTm am{hbm. `m
pWVrVhr Vo nwT>o {ZKmbo. `m dZmV \$iohr ZhVr. XmoZ {Xdg \$$ nmUr
{nD$Z H$mT>mdo bmJbo. Q>moH$Xma XJS> Ym|S>mZr ^abo`m dmQ>od$Z OmVmZm
`m`m nm`mbm OI_m Pm`m d a$ dmh bmJbo. Varhr T> {ZM`mZo Vo nwT>o
OmV am{hbo. g`mH$min`V MmbyZ Jo`mda `mMo nm` gwOyZ Ambo. nwT>o nmD$b
Q>mH$doZm. MH$a `oD$Z Vo Imbr nS>bo. Pmonhr `oV ZhVr. `m{JH$ {H$`oZo Xw:I
{dga`mMm `Z Ho$bm, naVw `mMmhr n[aUm_ Pmbm Zmhr. `m AdWoV Vo
am^a Vi_iV am{hbo.
Z_Xm _mVoMr H$nm
gy` CJdbm, naVw WH$dm d doXZm `m_wio MmbUo H$R>rU hmoVo. lr_hmamO
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 31

gXJw$ lrdm_r g_WmMm Ymdm H$arV hmoVo. Aem doir EH$ JdiU nmQ>r
KoD$Z VoWo Ambr. {VZo nobm^a XyY `mZm {Xbo d hQ>bo, _hmamO, ho XyY
`m. lr_hmamO hUmbo, _`m, Vwhr VgXr H$m KoVbr ? Am_`mgmR>r
Z_XoMo nmUr hoM XyY hmo`. naVw {V`m AmJhmImVa `mZr Vo XyY KoVbo Am{U
EH$m jUmV Vr A` Pmbr. {Vbm nmh`mgmR>r lr_hmamO CRy>Z C^o am{hbo
Va VhmZ-^yH$ ^mJbr hmoVr d earamVrb doXZm Zmhrem Pm`m hmo`m. nm`mVrb
OI_mgwm ^$Z Am`m hmo`m. Vr JdiU hUOo Z_Xm _mVmM hmoVr, ho
`mZr OmUbo. gXJw$ d Z_Xm _mVoMr H$nm nmhZ `m`m S>mo`mV nmUr Ambo.
IS>JYmar `moJr
nwT>o OmVmM AMmZH$nUo EH$ `moJr IS>J CMbyZ lr_hmamOm`mg_moa
C^m am{hbm Am{U `wmgmR>r bbH$m$ bmJbm. Vo hUmbo, Amhmbm H$mhr
`w H$am`Mo Zmhr Am{U {_idm`Mohr Zmhr. Vohm `m `moJmZo `mZm nwT>o
Om`mg amoIbo Am{U _ma`mgmR>r Vbdma CMbbr, naVw `mMm hmV da`mda
am{hbm. _mPr Vbdma {Zn`moJr R>abr, Ago hUV `mZo lr_hmamOm`m
MaUr bmoiU KoVbr. MmH$er Ho$`mda `mZo gm{JVbo H$s, _r JwOa XoemVrb
~mU Amho. Jw$Mr XrK godm H$arV _r `moJ-gmYZm Ho$br, naVw {gt`m_mJo
bmJyZ _r C_m Pmbmo Am{U Jw$Zm eaU Jobmo, Vohm `mZr gm{JVbo H$s,
{eybnmUr`m dZmV hr Vbdma KoD$Z amhm. `m gnwfm`m XeZmZo VwPr
Vbdma {Zn`moJr hmoBb; `m`m H$no_wio VwPr CVr hmoBb. AmO Amn`m
XeZmZo _mPo H$m_ Pmbo. _r CnH$V Amho. dmQ>oV Vwhmbm H$moUVmhr mg hmoUma
Zmhr qH$dm ^` dmQ>Uma Zmhr Am{U Vmo lr_hmamOmZm dXZ H$$Z {ZKyZ Jobm.
`moJr {d>b `mMr ^oQ>
nwT>o Jo`mda lr_hmamOmZm `moJr {d>b MV` ho ^oQ>bo. nmhVmM
`mZr lr_hmamOmZm {_R>r _mabr Am{U XmoZ {Xdg Amn`mOdi R>odyZ KoVbo.
`mZr lr_hmamOmZm ^yH$ ^mJ{d`mMo H$X {Xbo. Vo `moJr nwf Zoh_r dZmV
{\$aV AgV Am{U n[aH$_mdmgr`mZm _XV H$arV. VgoM `mMo ajU H$arV
AgV. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm nwT>Mr dmQ>> XmI{dbr Am{U erVmoU ghZ
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 32

H$a`mgmR>r `m{JH$ {H$`m gm{JVbr. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm gm{JVbo H$s, `oWoM

n[aH$_m nyU H$am. Kar Z gmJVmM `mm H$aUo, ho `mo` Zho. naVw lr_hmamO
hUmbo H$s, _r Jw$`m AmkoZo n[aH$_m H$arV Amho. hr AYdQ> gmoSy>Z H$gm
naV OmD$ ? Vo `m `mo`mMm {Zamon KoD$Z nwT>o {ZKmbo.
JmOmH$g Jmogmdr
n[aH$_oVrb `moH$$`m gmoBgmR>r lr_V bmoH$mZr {eybnmUrZVa
IS>mdm, nmXmUo, d, bmoH$arMo H$nS>o, N`m B`mXr Xo`mMr `dWm Ho$br
Amho. gdM `moH$$ {VMm bm^ KoVmV, naVw lr_hmamOmZr H$moUVrhr dVy
drH$mabr Zmhr. EH$m lr_VmZo `m`m nm`m nSy>Z {dZdUr Ho$br, Vohm `mZr
ISmdm d Vw~m KoVbm. IS>mdm Vo Immda bQ>H$drV d Vw~m hmVmV Ago. Vo
{Z:nh Ag`mMr dmVm gd ngabr. `moJm`moJmZo `m {Xder `m lr_V
_mUgmbm `mnmamV XwnQ> \$m`Xm Pmbm. Vo EoHy$Z AZoH$ `moH$$ lr_hmamOm`m
_mJo bmJbo. lr_hmamO {gr`m CnmYrnmgyZ Xya amh BpN>V hmoVo; hUyZ Vo
amVmoamV VoWyZ JwnMwnnUo nwT>o Jobo Am{U ^S>moM_Yrb Z_Xo`m nbrH$S>rb
Vramda nmohmoMbo. AkmV ~ZyZ EH$m djmImbr `mZr am H$mT>br. lr_V bmoH$
`mZm emoYV VoWo nmohmooMbo. nmhVmnmhVm VoWo Om Cgibr Am{U \$io, _odm{_R>mB `mMm T>rJ nS>bm. lr_hmamOmZr Vmo gdmZm dmQy>Z Q>mH$bm. `m_wio BVa
Jmogmdr MS>\$Sy> bmJbo. Vo gdOU {_iyZ lr_hmamOmZm gVmd`mgmR>r VoWo
`oD$Z R>onbo. `mZr AmoT`mgmR>r Jm`mMr _mJUr Ho$br. lr_hmamOmMoOdi
Va H$mhrhr ZhVo. Vo Jmogmdr `mMr qZXm H$$ bmJbo. ngo _mJy bmJbo.
lr_hmamO hUmbo, _m`mOdi H$mhrhr Zmhr. `m IS>mdm d Vw~m Amho. hdo
Va KoD$Z Om. EH$m Jmogm`mZo Vw~m CbQ>m Ho$bm, Vohm `m`mVyZ JmOm nSy>
bmJbm. `m bmoH$mZr hdm {VVH$m JmOm KoD$Z lr_hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma Ho$bm,
naVw lr_hmamOmZm {grMm Cn`moJ H$$Z KoV`m~b dmBQ> dmQ>bo. ^S>moM
ehamV `mMr H$sVu ngabr Am{U XeZmgmR>r JXu hmoD$ bmJbr.
amoJ drH$mabm
EH$ JwOamWr ~mU _yi`mYrZo AmOmar hmoVm. nm`m_mUo ngm IM
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 33

Ho$bm. nU H$mhrhr \$m`Xm Pmbm Zmhr. eodQ>r `mZo {dMma Ho$bm H$s AmnU
Amnbm Xoh Z_XoV {dg{OV H$amdm. `mZo AmBbm d ~m`H$mobm ImoQ>oM gm{JVbo
H$s Z_XoV ZmZ Ho$`mg amoJ OmBb, Ago dZ _bm nS>bo. Vohm `m `mbm
KoD$Z ^S>moMbm Am`m. ^S>moM_`o EH$ {gnwf Am`mMo `mZr EoH$bo d Vo
gdOU lr_hmamOmMonmer Ambo. `m ~mUmZo `mMo MaU Y$Z hQ>bo H$s,
_yi`mYr_wio _mPo mU Om`bm bmJbo AmhoV. H$nm H$$Z _mPm Cma H$am
{H$dm _aU m. _r AmVm Am_h`m H$$ BpN>Vmo. Am{U Vmo _m`m_mUo
Vi_iy bmJbm. `m`m~amo~a`m {`m aSy> bmJ`m. lr_hmamO hUmbo
H$s, ~Xodhr Hw$UmMo Am`w` dmT>dy qH$dm H$_r H$$ eH$V Zmhr. maY ho
^moJmdoM bmJVo. Am_h`m H$$Zhr maY MwH${dVm `oV Zmhr. Am_h`oMo
nmn nwhm ^moJmdoM bmJVo. hUyZ ^JdVmbm eaU Om. Xwgam H$moUVmhr Cnm`
Zmhr. _J Aly T>miV Vmo hUmbm H$s, gmYwnwf hm ^JdVmnojm _moR>m
AgVmo. _r Amn`mbm eaU Ambmo Amho. AmnU _bm dmMdm `mMr {dZdUr
EoHy$Z lr_hmamO {dV Pmbo. naVw {grMm Cn`moJ H$$Z nw` Kmb{d`mnojm
`mZr `mMm amoJ dV:M drH$mabm. XmoZ {XdgmV Vmo ~mU ~am hmoD$Z naV
Jobm Am{U `m amoJmZo lr_hmamOmZm nN>mS>bo. Vmo amoJ `mZm eodQ>n`V
Vi_im`bm bmdrV am{hbm. Aem CnmYr _mJo bmJy Z`oV hUyZ gXJw$Zm
{dZdrV Vo VoWyZ {ZKmbo.
AOJamnmgyZ dmMbo
lr_hmamO ho Z_ X o `m Xw g `m VQ> m d$Z naV OmD$ bmJbo .
{eybnmUr`m nbrH$S>`m Vramda VerM XmQ> PmS>r hmoVr. ^JdVmMo Zm__aU
H$arV Vo nwT>o OmD$ bmJbo. EHo$ {Xder gy` _mdibm hmooVm. `m doir `mZm
Ago dmQy> bmJbo H$s H$moUrVar `mZm AmoT>V Amho. AJXr BN>m ZgVmZm Vo
`m`mH$S>o AmoT>bo OmV AmhoV, Ago dmQ>bo. BV`mV EH$ {^b Ambm Am{U
`mZo `mMm hmV Y$Z ~mOybm Zobo. `mMr ^mfm g_OV ZhVr. eodQ>r `mZo
~moQ>mZo VoWrb MS> AOJa XmI{dbm. `m`mM dmgmZo lr_hmamO `m`m
Vm|S>mV AmoT>bo OmV hmoVo, `m {^bmZo `mZm dmM{dbo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 34

H$ZH$-H$mVoMm _moh
`mZVa am^a MmbyZ lr_hmamO EH$m Jmdm`m nmUdR>mda nmohmoMbo
Am{U {dlmVrgmR>r EH$m PmS>mImbr ~gbo. JmdmVrb bmoH$ VoWo `oD$Z `m
AZmoiIr nwfmbm Hw$VwhbmZo nmh bmJbo. BV`mV XmoZ {`m VoWo Am`m
Am{U `mZm nmhZ Hw$O~wOy bmJ`m. `mVrb EH$sZo hmV ZmMdV _mVr hmVmV
KoVbr d `m`mH$S>o \w$H$br. H$m`^mJ gmYbm Zmhr, Vohm `m b{mV hmoD$Z
{ZKyZ Jo`m. WmoS>m doimZo EH$ hmVmam JhW Ambm. `mZo lr_hmamOmMr
MmH$er Ho$br. `mZo gm{JVbo H$s, hm Xhm _bmMm Xoe _moR>m ~XZm_ Amho.
`oWrb {`m _m{H$ AmhoV. `m n[aH$_m H$aUm`mda OmXy-Q>moUm H$$Z `mbm
de H$$Z KoVmV. Vohm `oWo Z Wm~Vm AmnU nwT>o Om. `mVM ^bmB Amho.
`mZo EH$ {Xdg Amn`m Aml_mV amh`mMm AmJh Ho$bm, naVw lr_hmamOmZr
Vmo _m` Ho$bm Zmhr.
Vmo hmVmam {ZKyZ Jobm. WmoS>m doimZo Vb_ d Zogbobr d `mdZmZo
~habobr EH$ gwXa VUr Amn`m _{Ut~amo~a VoWo Ambr. {VZo \$io Am{U
\w$bo `mZm AnU H$am`Mr BN>m XmI{dbr, naVw _hmamOmZr Vr drH$mabr
ZmhrV. Vohm Vr hUmbr H$s, Amn`mgma`m n[aH$_mdmgrMm Am{V`gH$ma H$aUo ho Am_Mo H$V` Amho. _m`m XmoZ _{Ur AmnUmbm _mo{hV
H$$Z _m`mH$S>o KoD$Z `o`mgmR>r Am`m hmo`m, naVw `mMo H$mhr Mmbbo
Zmhr. `md$Z Amnbr lo>Vm H$iyZ `oVo. Am_Mr \$ma _moR>r gnmr Amho.
Amhr Amn`mbm _R>-_{Xa ~ZdyZ XoD$. godogmR>r ZmoH$a AgVrb. Am_Mm
_R> \$ma gn Amho. _bm ^mD$ Zmhr, `m_wio _m`mer bZ H$$Z AmnU
gn _hV ~Zy eH$mb. naVw lr_hmamOmZr Z_nUo gm{JVbo H$s, Amnbr
~m`H$mo gmoSy>Z BVa gd {`m _bm AmB-~{hUr_mUo AmhoV. `mMo ~mobUo
EoHy$Z `m gwXarZo bmoQ>mJU KmVbo. Vr hUmbr, AmO gH$mir Amn`mnmer
Ambo hmoVo Vo _mPo {nVm hmoVo. Z_Xo`m oaUoZo Amnbr narjm Ko`mgmR>r `mZr
_bm nmR>{dbo hmoVo. AmnU Iao gmYy AmhmV. {VZo j_m-`mMZm H$$Z `mMr
nyOm Ho$br d gmX KoD$Z {ZKyZ Jobr. Z_Xm _mVoMr hr brbm nmhZ lr_hmamOmZr
{Vbm XS>dV KmVbm Am{U gXJw$Mo loZo _aU Ho$bo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 35

Xwg`m {Xder Vmo hmVmam _RnVr lr_hmamOm`mnmer Ambm. `mZo

`mMr egm H$arV CnXoe _m{JVbm Vohm lr_hmamOmZr `mbm g_OmdyZ
gm{JVbo H$s, d-d$nmMr Omon`V AmdS> {Z_mU hmoUma Zmhr, Vmon`V
AhVm d __Vm gwQ>Uma Zmhr. OmaU-_maU hr {dm ZaH$mbm nmohmoM{dVo.
H$ZH$ d H$mVm `mMm bmo^ hm na_mWmbm ~mYH$ AgVmo. BVHo$ gm{JV`mda
Vo n[aH$_ogmR>r nwT>o {ZKmbo.
eVYmam
nwT>o eVYmam ZmdmMo a_Ur` WmZ Amho. VoWo Z_Xm ZXr CM H$S>md$Z
AZoH$ dmhmZr Imbr nS>Vo, hUyZ `mbm eVYmam Ago hUVmV. VoWo _moR>m
S>moh Amho Am{U `mV MeoIa, JmareH$a, H$nyaoda, JJmYa, ZmJoda B`mXr
ZmdmZo AmoiIbo OmUmao ~mU {_iVmV. ngo KoD$Z ~mU H$mTy>Z XoUmao nmU~wS>o
AgVmV. VoWo EH$ Jar~ doS>mgm {ed^$ ~mU MeoIa ZmdmMm ~mU {_imdm,
hUyZ h> Y$Z ~gbm hmoVm. VoWo Ambo`m bmoH$mH$S>yZ ngo _mJyZ Vo Vmo
MeoIa ~mU {_i{d`mgmR>r nmU~wS>mZm XoV Ago, naVw Vmo ~mU H$mhr
`mbm H$Yr {_imbm Zmhr. Vmo gmaIm MeoIa MeoIa KmoH$V Ago,
hUyZ bmoH$ `mbm MeoIa Ago hUy bmJbo. lr_hmamO Oohm VoWo nmohmoMbo
Vohm `mZo `mMZm Ho$br. `mMm Vmo ^moim ^{$^md nmhZ lr_hmamOmZr {dMmabo,
{H$Vr MeoIa hdoV ? `mZo \$$ EH$ _m{JVbm; Vohm bJoM `mZr S>mohmV
CS>r KoVbr Am{U Am|Oi^a MeoIa ~mU KoD$Z Vo da Ambo. `mnH$s EH$
`m Jar~ ~mUmZo KoVbm. lr_hmamOmZr Cabobo ~mU S>mohmV Q>mHy$Z {Xbo Am{U
Vo nwT>o Jobo. `mMr hr brbm gd bmoH$ nmhVM am{hbo.
H$ZmOr ~mU VnpdZr
lr_hmamO nwT>rb _wH$m_mbm OmD$Z EH$m Y_emioV CVabo. BV`mV
_iH$Q> H$\$Zr KmVbobr OQ>mOyQ>Ymar Aer EH$ ~mU VnpdZr `m`mOdi
`oD$Z AZwJh {_i`m{df`r mWZm H$$ bmJbr. Vr VUnUrM {dYdm Pmbr
hmoVr Am{U {Vbm _yb~mi H$mhr ZhVo. Vr H$ZmOr ~mU r KaXma gmoSy>Z
{Z:gJ ~ZyZ _hodamOdi Vn`m H$arV amh bmJbr. Vr VihmVr {^jm d
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 36

djmVir {Zdmg ho dV KoD$Z, ^JdmZ {edmMo qMVZ H$arV qnnim`m

djmImbr 24 df} Vn`obm ~gbr hmoVr. {Vbm dZmV `oD$Z {edmZo gm{JVbo
H$s, VwPr Vn`m g\$i Pmbr. _r Cm Xwnmar `m A_wH$ Y_emioV `oUma
Amho. {VWo Vy _mPo XeZ Ko. Vr ~mUr >mVm_mUo Y_emioV `oD$Z
lr_hmamOmZm {dZdy H$$ bmJbr, Am{U {VMm A{YH$ma nmhZ `mZr {Vbm
AZwJh {Xbm. Vr H$VH$` ~ZyZ {ZKyZ Jobr.
gXJw$Mr AdVma g_mr
`m Xa`mZ lr_hmamOmMo gXJw$ lrdm_r g_W _hmamO `mZr
AH$bH$moQ> `oWo g_mYr KoV`mMr dmVm g_Obr. hr dmVm g_O`mda
lr_hmamOmZm A`V Xw:I Pmbo. `mMr __Vm_`r Jw_mCbr H$m`_Mr Xya
Pmbr. gXJw$Mm _{h_m AZV AgVmo. `mZr H$nmiynUo AZV CnH$ma H$$Z
lr_hmamOmZm Amnbogo Ho$bo hmoVo. d-d$n nmh`mMr AZV >r `mZr {Xbr
Am{U AZV Aem na_m`mMo XeZ KS>{dbo. Jw_mCbr{edm` H$moU gmo`am
AgUma ~ao ? lr_hmamOmMo Zo dmh bmJbo. Vo Xw:ImV ~wSy>Z Jobo. {d_ZH$
Pmbo. `mM amr dZmV `oD$Z gXJw$Zr gm{JVbo H$s, _r earamMm `mJ
Ho$bm Amho, naVw _r {OdV Amho. Am|H$maodabm Vy Amnbr n[aH$_m nyU H$a.
lr_hmamOmZm dmQ>V hmoVo H$s gXJwamO Amhmbm AZmW H$$Z {ZKyZ Jobo,
naVw `m dZm_wio `mZm gXJw$Mr H$nm-N>m`m AZw^dmg Ambr.
nWm `oWrb _R>m_`o
lr_hmamO n[aH$_ogmR>r nwT>o {ZKmbo. 3-4 {Xdg Mmb`mZVa Vo
Am|H$maodaOdirb nWm `oWo nmohmoMbo. VoWo EH$m {gnwfmMo WmZ hmoVo.
VoWrb _R>nVr _moR>m AmXamZo lr_hmamOmZm _R>mV KoD$Z Ambm. Vmo EH$Q>mM
`m _R>mV amhmV hmoVm. _R>mV EH$ M~wVam hmoVm. Vmo _R>nVr amoO M~wVam eoUmZo
gmadyZ dN> R>odV hmoVm. `mg_moa amJmoir H$mT>V hmoVm. ZVa M~wV`mda
`mKm~a KmbyZ Odi YwZr bmdyZ R>odV hmoVm. `m _R>nVrZoo lr_hmamOmZm
gm{JVbo H$s ho WmZ mMrZ Amho. `oWo H$moUr AZ{YH$mar `$s ~gy eH$V
Zmhr. ~gbm Va gH$Q>o H$mogiVmV. lr_hmamOmZr VoWo ~g`mMr BN>m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 37

XmI{dbr, Vohm _R>nVr hUmbm H$s, H$mhr Pm`mg _bm H$mhr H$aVm
`oUma Zmhr. lr_hmamO VoWo AmgZ KmbyZ ~gbo. XmoZ {Xdg Vo `mZW
~gbo hmoVo. `mZm \$ma AmZX Pmbm. _R>nVrbm `m_wio g_mYmZ dmQ>bo Am{U
`mZo Jw$ _mZyZ `mMr nyOm Ho$br d Vmo godm H$$ bmJbm. AZoH$ _mUgo
lr_hmamOm`m XeZmgmR>r `oD$ bmJbr, Zdg H$$ bmJbr. lr_hmamOm`m_wio
`m _R>mbm ~aH$V Ambr. OdiOdi ghm _{hZo Vo VoWo am{hbo, naVw `m
CnmYrnmgyZ _w$ hmo`mMo `mZr R>a{dbo Am{U EHo$ {Xder JwnMwnnUo VoWyZ
{ZKmbo.
Am|H$maoda_`o
Am|H$maodabm Z_Xm ZXr nma H$am`Mr hmoVr. ZmHo$V ~g`mgmR>r
lr_hmamOmOdi ngo Hw$R>o hmoVo ? ZmdmS>r ngo {X`m{edm` ZmdoV MTy> m`bm
V`ma ZhVm. Vohm lr_hmamO ZXrV CV$Z {ZKmbo. _J `m ZmdmS>mZo `mZm
ZmdoV ~gdyZ KoVbo. ZmHo$Vrb EH$m _mUgmZo AmoiIbo H$s amKd MV` `m
ZmdmZo {g Agbobo hoM gmYy hmoV. Vohm bmoH$ O`O`H$ma H$$ bmJbo.
EH$m ^$mZo `mMr nyOm Ho$br. lr_hmamOmZr gm{JV`m_mUo `mZo X{jUm
Z_Xobm AnU Ho$br.
OmZH$sXmg~m~mMr Amogar
Am|H$maamZ{OH$ Z_Xm-H$mdoar gJ_mOdi F$U_wo$amMo mMrZ _{Xa
Amho. _{XambJV OmZH$sXmg ~m~mMr Amogar Amho. lr_hmamOmZm _mhrV hmoVo
H$s OmZH$sXmg ~m~m`m AmogarV nmM \$`mMm d gmV \$`mMm Ago XmoZ ZmJ
amhmV AmhoV. Vo Hw$Umbmhr AmogarV Wm~y XoV ZgV. hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr VoWoM
amhm`Mo R>a{dbo, Am{U Vo VoWo Jobo. Amogar_`o H$Mam ^abm hmoVm. EH$ nwOmar
`oD$Z VoWrb H$mon`mVrb {Xdm bmdyZ Om`Mm. `mZo lr_hmamOmZm VoWo Z
amh`mMr {dZVr Ho$br, naVw lr_hmamOmMm {ZM` nmhZ Vr Amogar gm\$
H$$Z {Xbr. Xwg`m {Xder g`mH$mir lr_hmamO AmogarV ~gbo hmoVo,
EdT>mV nmM \$`m`m ZmJmZo `oD$Z `m`m nm`mbm {diIm KmVbm Am{U
\y$H$ma H$$ bmJbm. lr_hmamO `mbm hUmbo, Ogm Ambmg Vgm {ZKyZ
Om. _J Vmo ZmJ Jn {ZKyZ Jobm.
lr_hmamO nWm`m _R>mVyZ MwnMmn {ZKyZ Ambo hmoVo. g`mH$min`V
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 38

Vo naV Ambo ZmhrV, Vohm VoWrb _R>nVr `mZm emoYm`bm {ZKmbm. `mZo
lr_hmamOmMm _{h_m bmoH$mZm gm{JVbm. XmoZ-VrZ Jmogmdrgwm `mMr `mVr
EoHy$Z VoWo Ambo. naVw lr_hmamOmZm {g-nwf g_OyZ Im`bm `m`bm {_iob,
`m AmeoZo VoWo ^wH$S> Jmogmdr O_bo hmoVo; Vo `m`m~b dmBQ> ~mobV AmoaSy>
bmJbo. _R>nVr H$miOrV nS>bm. Vmo dmadma AmV OmD$Z nmhmV hmoVm, naVw
lr_hmamO Pmonbobo hmoVo. Vmo `mMr mWZm H$arV ~gyZ am{hbm. X`m hmoD$Z
lr_hmamOmZr Smoio CKS>bo. _R>nVrbm `mZr H$maU {dMmabo; Vohm `mZo gd
n[apWVr gm{JVbr. Vo hUmbo, gH$Q>o Oer Z ~mobm{dVm `oVmV, Ver Vr
{ZKyZ OmVmV, hUyZ gd ^ma na_odamda gmondmdm. _J Vmo Oo `mo` Agob Vo
H$aVmo. Am{U Vo S>mo`mda nmK$U KoD$Z Pmonbo. JXuVrb bmoH$ CVmdio
Pmbo hmoVo Am{U _moR>m AmeoZo AmogarH$S>o nmhmV hmoVo.
BV`mV lr_hmamOm`m N>mVrda H$gbr Var dVy `oD$Z nS>br. `mZr
nm{hbo H$s EH$ AqZ gwXar C^r Amho Am{U gnyU Amogar H$memZo COiyZ
{ZKmbr Amho. Vr Xodr hUmbr H$s, `moH$$Zm Im`bm Kmb. Am{U Vr
nmhVmnmhVm {dOo_mUo AmogarVyZ ~mhoa `ooD$Z Zmhrer Pmbr. lr_hmamOmZr
BH$S>o{VH$S>o nm{hbo Va EH$m H$mon`mV gmo`mMo H$S>o nS>bo hmoVo. `m JXu_`o
H$mhr nw`dmZ bmoH$ hmoVo, `mZm XodrMo XeZ Pmbo Am{U Vo Z_Xm _mVm H$s
O` hUV O`O`H$ma H$ bmJbo. hm M_H$ma nmhZ bmoH$mZm lr_hmamOmMo
_moR>onU g_Obo. H$mhr OUmZr `m AmogarV `oD$Z `m`m MaUmda bmoQ>mJU
KmVbo. `m gwdU H$H$UmZo _hmgmX Pmbm. `moH$$Zm g_mYmZ dmQ>bo.
lr_hmamOmZm dmQ>bo H$s AmVm _mPr n[aH$_m nyU Pmbr.
lr_hmamOmMm emoY
lr_hmamO Hw$Umbmhr Z gmJVm amdoahZ Z_Xm-n[aH$_ogmR>r {ZKyZ
Jobo hmoVo. nw`mhZ H$mhr n Ambo Zmhr hUyZ gm. OmZH$s~mB AmBgmho~mZm
H$miOr dmQy> bmJbr. `mZr nw`m`m n`mda n {b{hbo. naVw Cma Ambo
Zmhr. Vohm `m Km~$Z nw`mbm Am`m. lr_hmamOmMm nmm ZhVm. amdoa`m
`mmZr Vnmg Ho$bm Vohm H$ibo H$s Vo Am|H$maodabm Jobo AmhoV. Vohm
AmBgmho~ EH$m ~mUmbm d EH$m ZmoH$ambm KoD$Z Am|H$maodabm Jo`m. MmH$er
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo> / 39

Ho$`mda nmm bmJbm Zmhr. Vohm `m A-Ob gmoSy>Z Am|H$maodam`m _{XamV

VrZ {Xdg ~g`m. {Vg`m {Xder EH$m dm_rZr `oD$Z `mMr MmH$er Ho$br,
Vohm AmoiI nQ>`mda dm_tZr OmUbo H$s Amn`mOdi dVy R>odyZ Jobobo
dm_r hoM AgmdoV. `mZr AmBgmho~mZm Amn`mOdi`m dVy XmI{d`m.
`mMm nmoemI, OmoS>o Am{U N>r nmhZ AmBgmho~mZr AmoiIbo. `m dVy
nmhZ `m Xw:I H$$ bmJ`m.
`m dm_tZr AmBgmho~mZm g_OmdyZ gmJyZ Yra {Xbm. Vohm `mZr
n[aH$_oMm _mJ {dMm$Z KoVbm Am{U _hmamOmMm emoY Ko`mgmR>r gmo~V {Xbobo
~mU d ZmoH$a `mZm KoD$Z `m {ZKmbm. `m OmD$Z Q>oH$S>rda`m Jmogm`mbm
^oQ>`m. `m`mH$S>yZ _m{hVr {_im`mda `m \$maJra ~m~m`m _R>mV Jo`m.
`mZo lr_hmamOmMr egm H$arV gm{JVbo H$s, AmnU nwT>o Om`mMm `Z
H$$ ZH$m. lr_hmamO bdH$aM naV `oVrb, `mZm H$mhrhr hmoUma Zmhr. Vo
gwI$n naV `oVrb, qMVm H$$Z ZH$m. Varhr AmBgmho~mZr h> Yabm Am{U
lr_hmamOmMo Zm_ KmoH$V am{h`m. _J ~m~mZo dmQ> XmI{d`mgmR>r EH$ godH$
{Xbm d `m gmZo dm_t`m _R>mV Jo`m.
gmZo dm_tZr _mo R > m AmXamZo lr_hmamOm M o Jw U JmZ Ho $ bo d
AmBgmho~mZm gbm {Xbm H$s, Vwhr naV Om. lr_hmamO ho gwI$n naV
`oVrb. nwT>o Jo`mg Vo Vwhmbm ^oQ>Uma ZmhrV Am{U Vo n[aH$_m nyU Pm`m{edm`
naV `oUma ZmhrV. eodQ>r AmBgmho~ nw`mbm {Zame hmoD$Z naV Am`m.
{d>b-p_Ur~b `mZm AZ` {Zm hmoVr. `mMr AIS> godm Mmby Ho$br.
`m {Xder lr_hmamO Am|H$maodabm naV Ambo, `mM {Xder AmBgmho~mZm
dZ nS>bo H$s Vo Am|H$maodabm naV Ambo AmhoV. Vohm `m ~mU d ZmoH$a
`mZm KoD$Z Am|H$maodabm Am`m. ~Mmar dm_t`m _RmV `mMr ^oQ> Pmbr.
gdmZm AmZX Pmbm. ZVa Vo gd nw`mg Ambo.
lrgXJw$`m AmkoZo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZr A`V H$>_` Am{U
gdhaU H$aUmar Z_Xm-n[aH$_m nyU Ho$br. Xoh Am{U mUmMr ndm H$Yrhr
Ho$br Zmhr. hr gd AdUZr` H$hmUr Amho. d{UVm Z `oB H$hmUr.
***
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 40

7. dam`
`Wm bm^ gVmof gXm
Z_Xm n[aH$_ohZ naV Am`mda lr_hmamOm`m d^mdmV _moR>m \$aH$
nS>bm. Vo nw`mV Amn`m H$g~m noR>oVrb KamV amhmV hmoVo, naVw n{grnmgyZ
Xya AgV. `mZr dV:bm Xoh-maYm`m hmVr gmon{dbo hmoVo Am{U `mV
gVw> amhZ na_odam`m `mZmV _Z AgV. JhWml_mV Ag`mZo A{V{WgH$ma _moR>m o_mZo hmoV Ago. H$mhr dfmV KamVrb gmR>{dbobr ~MV gnV
Jobr, Vohm n[apWVr nmhZ ZmVodmBH$ d {_mZr H$mT>Vm nm` KoVbm. Oo bmoH$
`mZm ^mD$gmho~ gwJYr qH$dm ^mD$gmho~ gam\$ hUV AgV, Vo AmVm `mZm
doS>mV H$mTy> bmJbo. S>moHo$ {\$abobm _mUyg, Ago hUy bmJbo. Varhr Hw$Ur
`oD$Z H$mhr _m{JVbo Va Vo CMbyZ XoV AgV. Zmhr, Ago hUV ZgV. H$O
dmT>V Jobo Am{U gmdH$ma VJmXm bmdy bmJbo. Vohm `mZr Amnbo Ka {dH$bo
d Vo ^mS>m`m KamV amhy bmJbo. VoWo `mMH$ `oD$Z mg XoD$ bmJbo. gm.
OmZH$s~mB AmBgmho~ `mMo ho AmXm` Wm~d`mMo `Z H$arV, naVw Vo `W
hmoB. Hw$Ur `oD$Z d _mJo Hw$Ur OmoS>o Va Hw$Ur nobm-^mS>o. lr_hmamO H$mhrhr
gH$moM Z H$aVm _m{JVbobr dVy XoD$Z Q>mH$V. AmBgmho~ Q>mo_Uo _marV.
_J `mZr ZdrZ nV gw$ Ho$br. gH$mi hmoVmM Vo KamVyZ ~mhoa nS>V
d naV `oD$Z AmKmoi d OodU AmQ>nyZ nwhm ~mhoa OmV. amr Kar `oV AgV.
g`mH$mir gmo_odam`m _{XamV OmD$Z ~gV. VoWo ~mho$Z Ambo`m gmYwg`memMm _wH$m_ Ago. EImXm gMm gmYy ^oQ>Vmo` H$m`, ho nmhmV Vo H$mon`mV
~gV. Z_Xm-n[aH$_ohZ naV Am`mda OdiOdi ghm df} Vo na_m_qMVZm_`o _Z hmoD$Z am{hbo. _{XamV EH$ gmYy Ambm hmoVm Vmo ~mgar N>mZ
dmOdrV Ago. dmO{dVmZm Vmo ZmX-~mV ~wSy>Z OmB. EoH$Umam AJXr _wY hmoV
dam` / 41

Ago. Vmo ~mgar dmO`mg ~mhoa nS>o, Vohm Z _mJVm 5-6 n`o O_V AgV.
_wH$m_r Am`mda JaOonwaVo ngo R>odyZ ~mH$sMo dmQy>Z Q>mH$V Ago. EHo$ {Xder
lr_hmamO gmo_odam`m _{XamV OmD$Z Amn`m H$mon`mVrb OmJoda ~gy
bmJbo. EdT>mV YwZrOdi ~gbo`m gmYyZo hmH$ _mabr, ~m_U Xodm,
dV:bm Ago bn{d`mV H$m` AW Amho. BH$S>o `m, BH$S>o. `mMm hmV Y$Z
`mZo `mZm Amn`m YwZrOdi ~g{dbo. ho nmhZ gd bmoH$ M{H$V Pmbo. Vmo
gmYy Amn`m YwZrOdi Hw$Umbmhr ~gy XoV Zgo. `mZo Amn`m {e`mH$adr
{Mbr_ V`ma H$$Z lr_hmamOm`m hmVr {Xbr. `mZr OmoamZo X_ _mabm Vohm
_moR>r dmim {ZKmbr. Vo nmhZ bmoH$ M{H$V Pmbo. `mZm H$iyZ MwH$boo H$s ho
H$moUrVar {gnwf AmhoV.
EH$ bmo^r Jmogmdr H$mon`mV ~gbm hmoVm. Vmo lr_hmamOm`mOdi
`oD$Z {dZdUr H$$ bmJbm H$s, YwZrgmR>r bmHy$S> Zmhr. Vo `mbm hUmbo
H$s, Vw`m Z{e~mV Agob Va Ammm`m AmVm bmH$S>o {_iVrb. Amhr
XoUmao H$moU d Vy KoUmam H$moU ? gdOU EoH$V hmoVo. ~mgardm`m gmYyZohr
EoH$bo. Xwnmar `mbm bmH$S>mgmR>r ngo {Xbo hmoVo, Varhr g_mYmZ Zmhr. ho nmhZ
`mbmhr dmBQ> dmQ>bo. lr_hmamOmMo ~mobUo EoHy$Z _mJUmam Jmogmdr ZmamO
Pmbm d nwQ>nwQ>V OmD$Z Amn`m OmJr ~gbm. VoWo ~gbo`m XmoZ-Mma
~am`m~amo~a Vmo ZmbVr H$arV ^OZ JmD$ bmJbm H$s, X`m Y_ Zht _Z _|
.... ~mgardm`m gmYybm `mMo ho dmJUo ~ao dmQ>bo Zmhr. `mZo `mbm
Wm~dyZ gm{JVbo H$s, Hw$UmMohr _Z XwIdy Z`o. hm ~m_U Xod _moR>m {gnwf
Amho. nmOr OJmnmgyZ `mZo dV:bm bndyZ R>odbo Amho. `mbm H$_Zer~
g_Oy ZH$mog. BV`mV EH$ _madmS>r `m _{XamV Ambm. `m Jmogm`m`m
YwZrOdi bmH$S>o ZmhrV, Ago nmhZ `mZo AYm _U bmH$S>o _mJdyZ `mbm
{Xbr. `mda Vmo Jmogmdr eaq_Xm Pmbm.
bmoH$gnH$ dmT>bm
`m H$mir nw`mV R>moga d dmH$Zrg ZmdmMo XmoZ JhW hmoVo. KaMo
gwIdVy hmoVo. doi H$mT>`mgmR>r {Xdg^a ehamV {\$$Z BVamMr {deofV:
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 42

Z`m Ambo`mMr qQ>Jb Q>dmir H$aUo hoM `mMo H$m_. hr XwH$b gmo_odam`m
_{XamV Ambr Am{U ~mgardm`m gmYybm nmhZ Q>dmir H$$ bmJbo.
~mgardmbo ~m~m, VwhrVa H$U_yVu AmhmV. aJ VgmM Amho. ~g, \$$
Imbr XmoZ hmV VodTo H$_r AmhoV. `m qQ>JbrH$S>o gmYy ~m~mZo bj Z XoVm
hQ>bo, AN>m, H$h`mMr brbm AJmY Amho. Vwhmbm Vr H$er g_OUma ?
ho nmhm, hm ~mUXod _moR>m {g Amho. Vw_`m JmdmV Amho. Odi AgyZhr
Vwhr `mbm AmoiIV Zmhr. _J ^JdmZ lrH$Umbm H$go AmoiIUma ?
Vohm bmO dmQy>Z `mZr lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma Ho$bm d `mMm nmm {dMmabm.
`m W>mImoa bmoH$mZm VoM hdo hmoVo. Xwg`m {Xder Vo lr_hmamOm`m Kar hOa
Pmbo. ZVa Vo amoO `oD$ bmJbo. Amn`m d^mdm_mUo `mZr lr_hmamOmZm
g\o$V gmYy Ago Zmd {Xbo. Vo XmoKo `mZm ~amo~a KoD$Z {\$am`bm OmV.
Amn`m gd`rn_mUo a`mV Omo ^oQ>o `mMr qQ>Jb H$arV. `m {Z{_mmZo
lr_hmamOmMm bmoH$mer n[aM` hmoD$ bmJbm. bmoH$mda `mMm ^md nSy> bmJbm.
`m`m XeZmZo H$mhr bmoH$mMr H$m_o hmoD$ bmJbr. H$mhr bmoH$ ^{$-^mdZoZo
`m`mH$S>o `oD$ bmJbo. hiyhiy lr_hmamO bmoH$m`m gnH$mV `oD$ bmJbo.
H$mhr ^m{dH$ `m`m Kar {eYm nmR>dy bmJbo.
T>m|Jr `moJr
_mVS>_m_m ZmdmMo EH$ JhW dV:bm `moJr hUdyZ KoV AgV. Vo
JrVoda dMZ H$arV AgV. EHo$ {Xder `moJ-gmYZoda dMZ H$aVmZm Vo
H$nZoZo A{Va{OV dUZ H$$Z bmoH$mZm ^m{dV H$$ bmJbo. Mo>m H$aUm`m
XwH$brZo lr_hmamOmZm {dMmabo H$s, ^mD$gmho~, Vwhr Va `moJ OmUV
AgUma. Amhr AkmZr AmhmoV. `mZr \$mS>H$Z Cma {Xbo H$s, Vwhr AkmZr
AmhmV, hoM ~ao. Zmhr Va Hw$Umbm XmT>r dmT>{dVm Ambr ZgVr H$s Hw$Umbm
^Jdr do ZogVm Ambr ZgVr Am{U Hw$Ur `moJm`m Jnm _maVmZm H$mn{ZH$
_Zmoam` H$$ eH$bm ZgVm. Omon`V H$moUr dJmV OmV Zmhr, Vmon`V a^mhr
{XgV Zmhr Am{U A_Vhr MmIm`bm {_iV Zmhr. _J eXmMm Ioi H$a`mg
H$m` OmV` ? hmhr EH$ YXm Amho. ho ~mobUo _mVS>_m_mZm bmJbo. Vo
lr_hmamOmZm hUmbo H$s, Amn`mOdi {gVm Agob Va XmIdm.
dam` / 43

lr_hmamO hUmbo, Kar `mb Va XmIdy. _mVS>_m_m hUmbo H$s, Kar

H$embm ? BWoM XmIdm. Vohm lr_hmamOmZr AmgZ KmVbo. Vo pWa ~gyZ
am{hbo. _mVS>_m_mZm AYm Vmggwm pWa amhmVm Ambo Zmhr. eodQ>r `mZr
Amnbm nam^d _m` Ho$bm d Vo lr_hmamOmMm A{YH$ma _mZy bmJbo.
Oi\$iUmao emr~wdm
H$g~m noR>oV _hmamOm`m eoOmar EH$ emr~wdm amhmV AgV. nZr
{ZdV`mda `mZr H$mhrhr {dMma Z H$aVm g`mg KoVbm. Vmo {Z^oZm hUyZ
`mo{Vfr Pmbo. Vo lr_hmamOmda {dZmH$maU Oi\$iV AgV. EHo$ {Xder EH$
JhW Hw$S>br KoD$Z emr~wdm`mOdi Ambm. `mZo {dMmabo H$s nZr JamoXa
Amho. Vr Ho$hm ~miV hmoBb. emr~wdmZr JUZm H$$Z gm{JVbo H$s, AmR>
{XdgmZr _wbJr hmoBb. _yi ZjmMr ^rVr Amho, Vohm On, XmZ B`mXr
H$amdo bmJob. lr_hmamO VoWoM hmoVo. `mMo _V {dMmabo Vohm Vo hUmbo,
XmoZ {XdgmV _wbJm hmoBb. `mMo hUUo Iao R>abo. Vmo JhW 25 bmoH$mMm
{eYm d XmoZ n`mMo noT>o KoD$Z Ambm. emr~wdm MS\$S>bo. Vo lr_hmamOmMr
narjm Ko`mgmR>r amoO `m`mH$S>o `oD$ bmJbo. R>moH$a-dmH$Zrg hr XwH$b VoWo
~gyZ gH$mi-g`mH$mi Q>dmir H$arV Ago. emr~wdmgwm {Xdg^a ~gV
AgV. `mMo XwnmaMo OodUhr VoWoM hmoD$ bmJbo. EHo$ {Xder Vo Q>mo_Um _marV
hUmbo H$s, Amhr dmarMr ^mH$ar ImD$Z dVmJbmo. Vm|S>mMr Md ~Xbmdr
hUyZ Amn`mH$S>o Ambmo Va `oWohr VrM. lr_hmamO hUmbo, Oo Vw_Mo
hmoVo, VoM Vw_`mnwT>o Ambo. Amhmbm Oo Xoh-maYm_wio {_iVo, Vo {Ob~rbmS>dmnojm OmV Amhoo. BV`mV EH$ ^$ noT>o KoD$Z Ambm Am{U
25 _mUgmMm {eYm `mZo AmUbm. nmQ>r^a bmSygwm KoD$Z Ambm. emr~wdm
nYam {Xdg {_>m ImV am{hbo. Vo b{mV Pmbo, naVw ImoS> AJmV Ag`m_wio
bmMma hmoVo. `mZr {dMma Ho$bm H$s `m ^mD$gmho~mMo nw`mV MmbVo. Oam ~mhoa
OmD$Z ~Ky `m, hUyZ `mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$mer-`moMm AmJh Yabm.
lr_hmamOmH$S>o `m doir 5-6 n`oM hmoVo.
***
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 44

8. H$mer `mm
H$mer `mobm WmZ
H$mer `mo`m ~oVm_wio AmBgmho~mZm \$ma AmZX Pmbm. H$mhr ^mS>r,
{eYm d H$nS>o KoD$Z `m V`ma Pm`m. emr~wdmgwm Q>oeZda Ambo. {VKmMr
{V{H$Q>o KoV`mda lr_hmamOm`mOdi \$$ gdm n`m Cabm, naVw ^JdVm`m
^ademda Vo {ZpMV hmoVo. Vo gd bmoH$ H$`mU Q>oeZbm nmohmoMbo. VoWo
emr~wdmZr H$mhr Im`mMr BN>m Xe{dbr, Vohm AmBgmho~mZr `mZm bmSy>
{Xbm. emr~wdm hUmbo, `m doir XwYmV`m Xe`m Ag`m Va {H$Vr ~ao
Pmboo AgVo. EdT>mV lr_hmamOmMm EH$ ^$ H$`mU Q>oeZda Ambm.
`mZo MmH$er Ho$br. Kar OmD$Z `mZo XwYmV`m Xe`m ~Z{d`m Am{U
Im`mMo H$mhr nXmW KoD$Z Vmo Q>oeZda Ambm. `mZo Zm{eH$n`VMr {V{H$Q>o
H$mTy>Z {Xbr Am{U lr_hmamOmMo g_moa XhmMr ZmoQ> R>odbr. {VKmZm JmS>rV
~gdyZ Vmo AmZXmZo naV Jobm. emr~wdmZm S>mo`mZr nmhZhr ho ah` g_Obo
Zmhr.
Zm{eH$mV
{VKo Zm{eH$bm nmohmoMbo. lr_hmamO Amn`m _wH$m_rM nSy>Z am{hbo.
_wi`mYrMo XwIUo hmoVo, hUyZ Vo ~mhoa nS>V ZgV. IaoXrMo H$m_ emr~wdmM
H$arV AgV. Vo ~mOmamVyZ MmJbo MmJbo {OZg AmUrV hUOo ngo bdH$a
IM hmoVrb d lr_hmamO Amn`mbm nemMr `dWm H$a`mg gmJVrb,
naVw `mMr BN>m H$Yr nwar hmoV Zgo. ngo gn`mda H$mhr Cnm` {ZKo. lr_hmamO
~mhoa OmV ZgV, naVw Zm{eH$_`o Hw$Ur {gnwf Am`mMr ~mV_r bmoH$m`m
H$mZr nS>br. _w~BMm EH$m JwOamWr `mnmar g>m Ioibm hmoVm. `mV nZmg
hOmamMm \$Q>H$m ~gob, Aer eH$m hmoVr. `m gH$Q>mVyZ ~mhoa nS>`mgmR>r Vmo
H$mer `mm / 45

EImm {g-nwfm`m emoYmV Zm{eH$bm Ambm hmoVm. `mbm H$i`mda Vmo

nwOoMo gm{h` d noT>o-\$io KoD$Z lr_hmamOm`m godobm Ambm. `mZo Amn`mda
AmoT>{dbobo gH$Q> gm{JVbo; Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, ^JdVmbm eaU
Om. Vmo o_mMm ^wHo$bm Amho. Vmo ^$dgb `mVyZ {Z^mdyZ ZoBb. naVw `mnmar
hUmbm H$s, Amn`m hmVrM gd H$mhr Amho. AmnU _O J[a~mda H$nm
H$am. lr_hmamO hUmbo, T> ^md Agob Va VmoM Cn`moJr nS>ob.
XmoZ {XdgmV `m `mnm`m`m _w{Z_mMr Vma Ambr. g>mV ZwH$gmZ
Z hmoVm Xhm hOmamMm \$m`XmM Pmbm hmoVm. bJoM Vmo lr_hmamOm`m godobm
hOa Pmbm. nyOm-gH$ma Ho$`mda e^amMr ZmoQ> g_moa RodyZ H$Vk ^mdZoZo
naV Jobm. Vo nmhZ emr~wdmMo S>moio CKS>bo. `mZm nMmmmn dmQy> bmJbm.
lr_hmamOmMr j_m _mJyZ Vo nw`mbm {ZKyZ Jobo. gnwfmMr narjm Ko`mV
`mMrM MyH$ hmoVr.
H$mer_`o
emr~wdm naV Jo`mda XmoZ-Mma {XdgmZr lr_hmamO AmBgmho~mZm
KoD$Z H$merbm {ZKmbo. JaOonwaVo ngo R>odyZ Cabobo dmQy>Z Q>mH$bo. H$merbm
Jo`mda Vo ZmJnwaH$am`m am__{XamV Jobo. {VW`m nwOm`mZo `mMr `dWm
R>odbr. `moJm`moJ Agm H$s lr_hmamOmZr VoWo nm` R>odbm, `m {XdgmnmgyZ `m
_{XamV nwH$i bmoH$ `oD$ bmJbo Am{U XodmnwT>o OmV ngo O_y bmJbo. EH$
JhW lram_mgmR>r Zdo nmR>drV AgV. AmVm Vo lr_hmamOmgmR>rhr XmoZ VmQ>o
^$Z nmR>dy bmJbo.
Hw$^_o`mgmR>r `mJ_`o
`mM Xa`mZ Hw$^_oim Ambm, hUyZ lr_hmamO `mJbm Ambo. gnyU
XoemVyZ gmYw-g`mgr d ^m{dH$ ho `m doir JJm-ZmZ H$a`mgmR>r `mJbm
`oVmV. AZoH$ gXm`mVrb dVr Am{U AmImS>mVrb hOmamo gmYw-Jmogmdrg`mgr-`Vr ho Amn`m gaOm_mgh `oVmV Am{U VoWo amhmVmV. `mV eoH$S>mo
ZJo gmYyhr AgVmV. ndm`m doir gdOU {_adUwH$sZo emhr WmQ>m_mQ>mV ZmZ
H$a`mg {ZKVmV. `m dfr BJOmZr ZZZmZ A`mo` g_OyZ `mda ~Xr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 46

KmVbr hmoVr. gmYyZm _mmd H$a`mgmR>r H$S>oH$moQ> ~Xmo~V Ho$bm hmoVm. eoH$S>mo
eYmar KmoS>odma {enmB aVm amoIyZ C^o hmoVo. `mMm _wI Agbobm H$Q>Z
KmoS>Xi KoD$Z Ambm hmoVm.
lr_hmamO VoWo OmD$Z {_adUyH$ nmhmV hmoVo. `m {_adUwH$sMo ZoVd
frHo$eMo EH$ d`mod {g`moJr H$arV hmoVo. Vo {Z^` hmoD$Z nwT>o OmV hmoVo.
gaH$ma H$m` H$aUma, H$moUmg R>mD$H$. ZoVd H$aUm`m `m na_hg `mo`mMr
ZOa `m JXuV C`m am{hbo `m lr_hmamOm d a nS> b r. Vo JXuVy Z
lr_hmamOm`mOdi Jobo Am{U `mMm hmV Y$Z hUmbo H$s, ^mB, Mbmo
h_mao gmW & `mZm Vo {_adUwH$sV KoD$Z Ambo. nmhUmao gdOU M{H$V hmoD$Z
Jobo. `mM doir BJO H$Q>Z g_mo$Z KmoS>mda ~gyZ `oV hmoVm. `mMr ZOa
{g`mo`mda nS>VmM Vmo W~H$bm. AmVm Vmo H$m` A`mMma H$arb, H$moUmg
R>mD$H$ Ago dmQ>V AgVmZmM `mZo Q>monr CV$Z `m`mg_moa _VH$ bd{dbo.
{g`mo`mZo gVmnyZ {dMmabo H$s, qhXy Y_ ~wS>dm`bm {ZKmbmg H$m ? ho
eX EoH$VmM H$Q>Zda _moR>m ^md nS>bm Am{U> bJoM KmoS>mda ~gyZ `mZo
~Xr hQ>{d`mMm hHy$_ {Xbm. BJOmMo g{ZH$ ~mOybm Pmbo Am{U JXuVrb
bmoH$ {gmMm O`O`H$ma H$$ bmJbo. Xw_Xy_yZ Q>mH$Um`m O`O`H$mamV `m
{g`mo`mZr lr_hmamOm`m ~amo~a n{d JJmZmZ Ho$bo. gd `moH$$Zm H$iyZ
MwH$bo H$s lr_hmamO ho C H$moQ>rMo {g AmhoV. dV: {g`mo`mZr `mZm
_mZ {Xbm.
lr_hmamO Omon`V `mJ_`o hmoVo, Vmon`V Vo `m {g`mo`mZm ^oQ>`mg
OmV AgV Am{U `mZm _moR>m o_mZo AmXamZo ^oQ>V AgV. gm. OmZH$s~mB
AmBgmho~ `mZrhr `mJ_`o Amn`mbm hdr Vr Ym{_H$ H$`o Ho$br. ZVa Vo
H$merbm XmoKo Ambo.
H$merV nmSw>aJ^Q>
H$merbm lr_hmamO ~ KmQ>mdarb EH$m Kam`m da`m _O`mda
amhmV hmoVo. nmSw>aJ^Q> ^S>H$_H$a `m ZmdmMo EH$ XeJWr {dmZ ~mU H$merbm
`oD$Z `mM Kam`m Imb`m _O`mda amhmV hmoVo. H$merVrb emr-n{S>V
H$mer `mm / 47

`mMm A{YH$ma _mZrV hmoVo, naVw dV: emr ho e`Vmo bmoH$mnmgyZ Xya amhZ
{edmMr godm H$arV AgV. gH$mir ZmZ H$$Z XmoZ hmVmV JJmObm`m XmoZ
KmJar KoD$Z nR>U H$arV Vo {ddodambm A{^foH$ KmbrV. Xwnman`V dmadma
JJoMo Ob AmUyZ A{^foH$ Kmb`mMm `mMm H$_ Mmbbobm Ago.
lmdU _mg Ambm Vohm emt`m nZr`m _ZmV {edm_yR> AnU
H$a`mMm {dMma Ambm. {`m `oH$ lmdU gmo_dmar _yR>^a VmXyi, Vri,
_yJ, Amier `mgmaIo AZYm` {edeH$a ho AZnVr Ag`m_wio `mZm
AnU H$aVmV. nVrMr AZw_Vr {_im`mda {VZo R>a`m {Xder _{XamV Om`mMo
R>a{dbo. `mM amr nmSw>aJ^Q> `mZm {edeH$amZr dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo
H$s, Vy OoWo amhVmog, `mM _mS>rda _r amhmVmo. {VWo {edm_yR> AnU Ho$`mg
Vr _bm {_iob. `mZr dZmVrb >mV Amn`m ~m`H$mobm gm{JVbm. Vr
hUmbr H$s, _bm Oa Agm >mV Pmbm Va _r _m` H$arZ. Oohm Xwg`m
{Xder {Vbmhr >mV Pmbm Vohm XmoKmMm {ddmg ~gbm.
nmSw>aJ^Q> H$merbm Ambo hmoVo. VohmnmgyZ {H$`m-H$_mV _Z AgV.
eoOmar H$moU amhmVo `mMoH$S>o `mMo bj ZhVo. ^Q> n{V-nZr XmoKohr da`m
_O`mda Jobo. lr_hmamO ImobrV Pmonbo hmoVo d AmBgmho~ Xod-XeZmbm
Jo`m hmo`m. XadmOm ~X hmoVm. ^Q> n{V-nZr ho VoWo ~gyZ am{hbo. ~mam
dmOVm AmBgmho~ naV Am`m Vohm Xma CKS>bo. nmSwaJ^Q>mZr AmV OmD$Z
lr_hmamOm`m MaUr bmoQ>mJU KmVbo Am{U `mZm dZ >mV gm{JVbm.
lr_hmamO hUmbo, Amhr Xoh maY ^moJV `oWo nSy>Z AmhmoV. Am_Mo ZmZg`mXr `oWo AW$UmdaM hmoVmV. Vw_Mm Ogm ^md Agob Vgo H$am. ^Q>m`m
~m`H$moZo lr_hmamOmMo MaUr {edm_yR> AnU Ho$br. `m n{V-nZtZm H$iyZ
Ambo H$s lr_hmamO `j H$mer {ddoda AmhoV Am{U Vo gd H$mao `mMr
godm H$$ bmJbo.
nmS w> a J ^Q> ho lr_hmamOmMo~amo~a doXmV {df`H$ MMm H$arV.
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Am_-XeZ KS>{dbo. ^Q>mZm lrXod H$mer-{ddZmW Am{U
lr_hmamO `m`m MaUr T> ^{$^md {Z_mU Pmbm. XeJWr ~mU Ag`m_wio
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 48

bmoH$ ^Q> `mZm ~mobmdrV AgV. H$merVrb ~mU `mMr Mo>m H$arV AgV H$s
nmSw>aJ^Q> EH$m hmVm`m doS>m ~wdm`m ZmXr bmJbo AmhoV. ~mU `mZm
hUV AgV H$s, `m doS>m hmVm`m`m ZmXr bmJy ZH$m. Vo bmoH$ lr_hmamO
Am{U ^Q> `mMr W>m H$arV AgV. Vohm ^Q> `mZm amJmdbo. Varhr H$mhr
~mUmZm lr_hmamOmMo _moR>onU R>mD$H$ hmoVo.
~mUmMo JdhaU
EH$ lr_V JhW nmSw>aJ^Q> `mZm _mZV AgV. `mZm ^Q>m`mH$Sy>Z
lr_hmamOmMo _moR>onU H$ibo. lr_hmamOm`m nX-nemZo Amnbo Ka n{d
hmdo, Ago `mZm dmQ>V hmoVo. `mZr _-OmJamgmR>r lr_hmamOmZm nmMmaU
Ho$bo. Vo `mZm nmbIrV ~gdyZ KoD$Z Jobo. VoWo ~aoM ~mU Ambo hmoVo.
lr_hmamOmZm `mgnrRmda ~g{dbo hmoVo. hr Jmo> IQ>mi ~mUmZm AmdS>br
Zmhr. Vo lr_hmamOmZm hUmbo, _nR>U AmnUM gw$ H$am. Vohm gXJw$Mo
_aU H$$Z Vo `mZW Pmbo. `m`m ^mdm_wio ~mUgwm Jn Pmbo. Vohm
Vmo lr_V JhW lr_hmamOmZm eaU Jobm d `mMr mWZm H$$ bmJbm. OmJV
Pm`mda `mZr ~mUmZm _nR>U H$a`mg gm{JVbo Am{U Vo Amnbm AhH$ma
gmoSy>Z nR>U H$$ bmJbo. gdmZr lr_hmamOmZm gm>mJ Z_H$ma Ho$bm. gdOU
`mZm _mZ XoD$ bmJbo.
H$UmZX dm_r
EHo$ {Xder lr_hmamO d nmSw>aJ^Q> ho JJm {H$Zmar {ZKmbo hmoVo. dmQ>oV
H$UmZX dm_tMm _R >hmoVm. `mM doir dm_r _R>mVyZ ~mhoa nS>bo. `mZm
nmhZ ^Q>mZr Z_H$ma Ho$bm, naVw _hmamOmZr Ho$bm Zmhr. ^Q>mH$Sy>Z AmoiI
Pm`mda dm_tZr lr_hmamOmZm ~gdyZ KoVbo Am{U Vo `m`mer nma_m{WH$
MMm H$$ bmJbo. `mZr dm_tZm gm{JVbo H$s, Ho$di Ah ~m{g KmoHy$Z
H$mhr Cn`moJ Zmhr. `mMr AZw^yVr {Z_mU Pmbr nm{hOo.
AOJa dm_r
EH$Xm lr_hmamOmMr AOJa dm_ter ^oQ> Pmbr. Vo AOJa dmrZo
amhmV AgV. `mZr Amnbr Xoh-__Vm nyUnUo gmoSy>Z {Xbr hmoVr. Vo H$S>m`m`m
H$mer `mm / 49

ChmV Vmnbo`m dmiyV AJa nmdgm`mV nya Ambo`m JJo_`o VmgZVmg

C^o amhmV. `mZr _hmamOmZm _moR>m o_mZo AmAmo ~oQ>m hUyZ Amn`m
Odi ~mobmdyZ gm{JVbo H$s, `j lrH$mer-{ddZmWmZo Vwbm _mZ {Xbm
Amho, _J Vwbm EImm H$UmZXmMr qH$dm AOJa dm_rMr JaO H$m` ?
J`oMr `mm
H$merbm Am{U `mJbm Xhm-AH$am _{hZo Kmb{d`mda lr_hmamO
J`m `m jor Jobo. nmSw>aJ^Q> `mZr EH$m J`mdibm n {b{hbo hmoVo H$s lr_hmamO
ho {g-nwf AmhoV, `mMr MmoI `dWm R>odm. Vmo J`mdi Iyn lr_V hmoVm.
lr_hmamOm`m dmJVmgmR>r Vmo dV: Q>oeZda Ambm. lr_hmamOmMo _iH$Q>
H$nS>o nmhZ `mMr {Zamem Pmbr H$s hm H$gbm {gnwf ?
`m J`mdimMr XmoZ bZo Pmbr hmoVr Am{U Xmohr ~m`H$m {ZdV`m
hmo`m. {gnwwfm`m H$noZo {Vgao bZ hmoBb, hUyZ Vmo Q>oeZda Ambm hmoVm.
`mZo lr_hmamOmZm emoYyZ gm{JVbo H$s, Amnbr `mVr EoHy$Z _r dV:M
Amn`mbm KoD$Z Om`bm Ambmo Amho. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, h_mao
dmVo AmE hmo, `m AnZr AmaV Ho$ dmVo ? Amn`m _Zmbm ho {dMma. ho
EoH$VmM J`mdimbm `mMr `mo`Vm nQ>br. Kar AmUyZ `mZo `mMm _moR>m
gH$ma Ho$bm Am{U bZmMr _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU H$a`mMr {dZVr Ho$br. Vo hUmbo,
nT>anya`m ^JdmZ {d>bmZo nwS>brH$, Zm_Xod, VwH$mam_ B`mXr ^$mda
H$nm Ho$br. Vmo AmOhr H$nmiy Amho. H$mhrhr \$aH$ Zmhr. Ogm ^md, Vgo \$i.
^{$^md Agob Va AmR> {XdgmV _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU hmoBb. Am{U IamoIaM
AmR> {XdgmV `mMo bZ Pmbo. Vmo lr_hmamOmZm na_oda _mZy bmJbm. J`o_`oo
Vo na_m_-qMVZmV JH$ Pmbo.
^mJ-MSy>Mr Zem
J`o_`o lr_hmamOmMr H$sVu ngabr. Vo `m J`mdim~amo~a {\$am`bm
OmV. J`o_`o _moR>m _mUmda JmOm, ^mJ, Mag `mMr Zem H$a`mMr Wm
Amho. KamoKar ^mJ V`ma hmoVo. EH$aJr nmgyZ XhmaJrn`V. Oa H$moUr Zd{e`m
Agob Va ^mJ nrVmM AmS>dm hmoVmo. EH$Xm lr_hmamOmZmhr _wm_ ^mJ Xo`mV
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 50

Ambr, naVw lr_hmamOmZm H$mhrhr Zem MT>br Zmhr. Xwg`m {Xder `mZm
ZdaJr ^mJ nmO{dbr. H$mhrhr n[aUm_ Pmbm Zmhr.
Vohm Vo bmoH$ `mZm MSy>Im`mV KoD$Z Jobo. `m {R>H$mUr EH$ _moR>m
_m{H$ hmoVm. `mZo b_rZmam`UmMo _{Xa ~Z{dbo hmoVo. VoWo Mag, MS>mob
{n`mMm A>m hmoVm. MS>mob {n`mV `mMm hmV YaUmam H$moUr ZhVm, hUyZ
bmoH$ `mbm _mZ XoV Am{U Vmo JdmZo \w$Jbobm Ago. {gr`m Omoamda Vmo
M_H$ma H$arV Ago. bmoH$m`mH$Sy>Z ngm {_idr d ZeoV Mya amhmV Ago.
`mZo ^JdVm`m _{XamMm MSy>ImZm ~ZdyZ Q>mH$bm hmoVm. H$moUr EImXm ZdIm
{VWo Jobm Va `mbm Zem H$am`bm bmdyZ `mMr \${OVr nmh`mV {VW`m
bmoH$mZm _Om dmQ>V Ago.
H$mhr bmoH$ lr_hmamOmZm `m AS>S>mda KoD$Z Jobo. gwadmVrbm
Magm`m {Mb_r AmoT>`m, nU Zem Ambr Zmhr. Vohm bmoH$mZr MS>mobmMr
{Mbr_ V`ma H$$Z lr_hmamOm`m hmVr {Xbr. MS>mob {nUmam _mUyg bmoS>mbm
Q>oHy$Z ~gVmo; H$maU MS>mobmMm X_ _maVmM Vmo O{_Zrda bmoiU KoVmo.
lr_hmamOmMr {Mbr_ OiyZ ImH$ Pmbr, Var `m`mda ZeoMm H$mhrhr n[aUm_
Pmbm Zmhr. Vo VoWyZ ~mhoa nS>bo d Odi`m _mVr`m XodimV nmgZ
KmbyZ d S>mo`mda nmK$U KoD$Z ~gbo.
_m{H$mbm H$i`mda Vmo Km~abm. `mbm Imr nQ>br H$s lr_hmamO
ho {g`moJr AmhoV. `mbm Amn`m H$`m~b nMmmmn hmoD$ bmJbm. Vo >
hmoD$ Z`oV hUyZ Vmo nyOoMo gm{h` KoD$Z `m`mnmer Jobm Am{U Vo CR>`mMr
dmQ> nmhy bmJbm. lr_hmamO Xhm dmOVm OmJo Pmbo Am{U `mZr S>mo`mdaMo
d H$mT>bo. _m{H$mZo j_m`mMZm Ho$br Am{U nyOm drH$ma`mMr {dZVr
Ho$br. Vohm Vo hUmbo, Oo H$mhr KS>bo Vo ^JdVm`m BN>oZo ~aoM Pmbo. naVw
Vwbm nmhZ _bm _moR>m IoX dmQ>Vmo. `oH$ mUr hm gwImgmR>r YS>nS>V AgVmo.
`mbm Oo AmdS>Vo, `mbmM Vmo Y_ _mZy bmJVmo. `mMm Xwg`mda H$m` n[aUm_
hmoBb, `mMm Vmo {dMmahr H$arV Zmhr.
_m{H$mZo {dMmabo H$s, OJmV gwI {_i{d`mMm `Z H$am`Mm
H$mer `mm / 51

Zmhr Va _J H$m` H$am`Mo ? `moJ, XmZ, Vn B`mXr Jmo>r gwImgmR>rM AgVmV

Zm ? gwI ho gJio gmaIoM AgVo. _J A_wH$ VhoMo gwI {_i{d`mMm AmJh
H$emgmR>r Yamdm ?
lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, H$maU Amn`mbm `mMr gd` Pmbr Amho
Am{U Vr gwQ>V Zmhr. Vy ^JdVmMo XoD$i ~mYbog Am{U `mMm MSy>ImZm
~Z{dbmg. dada gd gwIo hr gmaIrM dmQ>VmV. gdJwUm_wio {_iUmao gwI
d V_moJwUm_wio {_iUmao gwI `mV \$aH$ dmQ>V Zmhr. Xm$`m ZeoV Agbo`m
_Zw`mV d JmT> Pmonbo`m _Zw`mV H$mhrhr \$aH$ Zmhr. naVw n{h`m_`o
AkmZ Amho Am{U Xwg`m_`o kmZ. `m_`o O_rZ-A_mZMm \$aH$ Amho.
V_moJU
w hm AkmZm_`o n[aUV hmoVmo, Va gdJwU kmZmV. V_moJUw hm AY:nVZmg
KoD$Z OmVmo Va gdJwU hm _mojm`m XmamH$S>o ZoVmo. _moR>m {dm `m _moR>m
H$>mZo {_iVmV. Vy _{dm _moR>m H$>mZo {_i{dbrg, naVw {VMm Cn`moJ
V_moJwU dmT>{d`mgmR>r H$arV Amhog. Aem {doMm Cn`moJ namonH$mamgmR>r,
Xwg`mMo Xw:I Zmhrgo H$a`mgmR>r H$amdm. `mgmR>r ngm KoD$ Z`o. H$maU
^JdV hm gdmMm `moJjo_ Mmb{dVmo. Vy _{XamV ^JdVm`m gm{Z`mV amhVmog.
dV:bm gmda VrM _mPr nyOm Ago g_O. BVa nyOoMr JaO Zmhr.
lr_hmamOm`m eXmMm `m _m{H$mda _moR>m n[aUm_ Pmbm. `mZo
Amnbr MyH$ _m` Ho$br Am{U dmBQ> gd`r gmoS>`mMr enW KoVbr.
lr_hmamOmMr BN>m ZgVmZm `mZo `mZm hma KmVbm d Kar nmohmoM{dbo.
J`o_`o lmmXr H$_} H$$Z d {dUwnXmda qnS>XmZ Ho$`mda lr_hmamO
d AmBgmho~ nw`mbm Am`m.
***

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 52

9. BVa `mm
AmXw~abm
H$mer-`mJ-J`m Aer {Wir `mm H$$Z Am`mZVa H$mhr
{XdgmZr lr_hmamO AmXw~abm Jobo. AmXw~a gmJbr {OmVrb H$Um ZXr`m
VQ>mda dgbobo a_Ur` WmZ Amho. VoWo XmmdVma lrZqgh gadVr `mZr
MVw_mgmV dmg Ho$bm hmoVm. ho XmmonmgZoMo OmJV WmZ _mZbo OmVo. `m`m
AJXr g_moa ZXr`m nbrH$S>rb VQ>mda {^bdS>rbm ^wdZodarMo _{Xa Amho.
lr_hmamO d AmBgmho~ Oohm ^wdZodar`m _{XamV nmohmoMbo Vohm gy` _mdibm
hmoVm. nbrH$S>o AmXw~abm Om`mgmR>r Zmd ZhVr. WS>r `oD$ bmJbr hmoVr.
AmBgmho~mZm hS>hwS>r ^aV hmoVr. lr_hmamO Jn nSy>Z am{hbo. gH$min`V
Zmd Mmby hmo`mMr e`Vm ZhVr. EdT>mV AMmZH$ EH$ ZmdmS>r Zmd KoD$Z
Ambm Am{U AmXw~abm Om`mgmR>r AmoaSy>Z {dMm$ bmJbm. amrMm AYma
XmQ>V hmoVm. Vr XmoKo ZmdoVyZ nbrH$S>o ~mnQ>m`m Y_emioV nmohmoMbr. `mZr
{VW`m H$ma^m`mH$S>o Imobr _m{JVbr, naVw `m `moH$$H$Sy>Z H$mhr {_iUma
Zmhr hUyZ Vmo Q>mi`mMm n`Z H$$ bmJbm. eodQ>r EH$Xm `mZo EH$ Imobr
{Xbr. `m _mo H $`m nS> b o `m Y_ e mio V JmdmVbo H$mhr bmo H $ do i
Kmb{d`mgmR>r `oV AgV Am{U W>m _H$ar H$arV ~gV. `m amr JmOm
AmoT>yZ Vo lr_hmamOmMr qQ>Jb H$arV ~gbo.
Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir AmBgmho~mZr VrW-ZmZ d XodnyOm Ho$br.
lr_hmamO Amn`m ImobrV nSy>Z na_m`mMo `mZ H$arV am{hbo. gH$mir
H$ma^mar OmJm Pmbm, EdT>mV lrXm ^yMm nwOmar YmdV Ambm. Vmo
hUmbm H$s, dZmV `oD$Z Xm _hmamOmZr gm{JVbo H$s _mPm Zdo ~mnQ>
Y_emioV _bm nmohmoMd. nwOm`mMo EoH$`mda H$ma^m`mbm C_Jbo H$s
BVa `mm / 53

ImobrV amhUmao H$moUr {gnwf AmhoV. Vmo lr_hmamOm`mOdi OmD$Z j_m`mMZm H$$ bmJbm. Vo hUmbo, VwPr MyH$ Pmbr Agbr, Va Xm _hmamOmZm
j_m _mJ. Vy `m`m Aml`mg amhVmog. `mMr godm H$arV amhm. Jnm _maV
~g`mV Am{U JmOm {n`mV Am`w`mMm Zme H$$ ZH$mog.
VoWo nmJioemr ZmdmMo JhW {gr m H$a`mgmR>r lrJUoemMo
AZw>mZ H$arV hmoVo. `mZm WmoS>rer {grhr {_imbr hmoVr. Vo _{gr`m
Omoamda bmoH$mH$Sy>Z ngo {_idrV Am{U MZrV amhmV hmoVo. ~mV_r H$iVmM Vo
lr_hmamOmZm ^oQ>`mg Jobo. AmXw~abm `oD$Zhr lr_hmamOmZr ZmZgwm Ho$bo
Zmhr, hUyZ emr `mZm Q>mo_Um _m$ bmJbo. Vohm Vo hUmbo H$s, _mUgmZo
Xwg`mH$S>o Zho Va dV:H$S>o ~Kmdo. jwbH$ _-{grZo ngm {_idyZ B{`gwI KoV`mg ZaH$ {_iob. Vm|S>mV {H$S>o didiy bmJVrb. hm na_mWmMm _mJ
Zho.
emr~wdm AmoemiyZ VoWyZ {ZgQ>bo. `m amr `mZm dZ nS>bo H$s
`mZm dmMm-{gr Pmbobr Amho. bmoH$m`m AS>MUr Xya hmoD$ bmJ`mV `mZm
AmXa-g_mZ, {gr d ngm {_iy bmJbm Amho. Vo WmQ>mV amh bmJbo.
^modVmbr {e`mMr JXu Amho. `mMr {ep`Uter gbJr dmT>br Amho Am{U
bmoH$mZm `mMo XeZ {_iUo AdKS> Pmbo Amho. eodQ>r `mZm A_me Pmbm
Am{U Ae$ hmoD$Z Vo AW$Umda nS>bo AmhoV. AW$UmVM _b-_y hmoD$
bmJbo. Vm|S>mVrb {H$S>o didiV AmhoV, Ago `mZm dmQy> bmJbo. Vm|S>mVrb
{H$S>o H$mTy>Z Q>mH$`mgmR>r Vo AmoaSy> bmJbo. EH$m go{dHo$Zo Vm|S>mV ~moQ>o KmbyZ
gm{JVbo H$s Vm|S>mV H$mhrhr Zmhr. `mZr {Vbm {e`m XoV _mam`bm hmV
CMbbm. Vmo g_Bda nSy>Z Vr {dPbr. Vo OmJo Pmbo.
dZm_w i o Km~$Z Vo lr_hmamOm `mOdi Ambo Am{U _mJ
XmI{d`mgmR>r {dZVr H$$ bmJbo. `mZr emr~wdmZm gm{JVbo H$s,
nemgmRr gmYZ H$aUo `mo` Zho. {gr `m dmamJZo_mUo AgVmV. `m
j{UH$ gwI XoD$Z {ZKyZ OmVmV. nw`-jor amhZ Aer Hw$H$_} H$a`m_`o
Am_Zme Amho. _{gr hr {_i{dVm `oVo, naVw `moJ-{gr ^JdVm`m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 54

H$no_wio m hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr {Xbo`m CnXoem_wio emr~wdmMo Am`w`

~XbyZ Jobo.
`mo{V~mMo XeZ
AmXw~ahZ Vo Xmjo ZqghdmS>rbm Jobo. VoWyZ H$mohmnyabm OmD$Z
_hmb_rMo XeZ KoVbo. H$mohmnyaOdi `mo{V~mMm S>m|Ja Amho. VoWrb
`mo{V~mMo _{Xa \$ma {g Amho. lr_hmamO d AmBgmho~ `mo{V~m`m S>mJ| ambm
{ZKmbo. `mM {Xder `mo{V~mMm nwOmar Agbo`m Jmo{dX^Q> IQ>mi `mbm
dZ nS>bo. `mo{V~mZo dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, _mPm ^$ H$mohmnyahZ
`oV Amho. `mMr MmoI `dWm R>od.
VoWrb Y_emioV Jo`mda AmBgmho~mZr Ira ~ZdyZ lr_hmamOmZm
{Xbr Am{U e{ZdmaMm Cndmg Ag`m_wio `mZr \$bmhma Ho$bm. lr_hmamO
Am_-d$nmV _Z hmoD$Z PmonyZ am{hbo. WmoS>mM doimV C_m KmoS>mda
~gyZ EH$m ~m~Xma gaXmamZo `oD$Z {dMmabo, ~m~m Pmonbo AmhoV H$m` ? _r
XeZmgmR>r H$mohmnyabm OmV Amho. g`mH$mir naV `oBZ, _J XeZmbm `m.
lr_hmamO OmJo Pm`mda AmBgmho~mZr ho `mZm gm{JVbo. Vohm Vo hUmbo
H$s, gaH$ma Xa~mamV Am_Mo H$mhr H$m_ Zmhr. `mMo H$m_ Agob Va Vo
`oVrb. IQ>mi nwOmarhr `oD$Z nmohmoMbm. Vmo `mZm Amn`m Kar KoD$Z
Jobm. g`mH$mir ^JdmZ `mo{V~mMo XeZ Pmbo. ~mhoa _{Xam`m AJUmV
gObobm KmoS>m C^m hmoVm. AmBgmho~mZr AmoiIbo H$s `mda ~gyZ gaXma
Ambm hmoVm, VmoM hm KmoS>m Amho. lr_hmamO `mZm hUmbo H$s, Vwhmbm
n`j `mo{V~mZo XeZ {Xbo Amho. AmBgmho~mZm J{hd$Z Ambo. KmoS>m Km_mZo
{ZWiV hmoVm. n`oH$ {Xder KmoS>mbm gOdyZ C^o Ho$bo OmVo. `mo{V~m KmoS>mda
~gyZ lr_hmb_rMo XeZ KoD$Z g`mH$mir naV `oVmo. AJUmVrb KmoS>m Oohm
Km_mZo W~W~Vmo Vohm Xod H$mohmnyahZ naV Ambo Ago _mZbo OmVo.
H$mhr {Xdg VoWo Jo`mda lr_hmamO nw`mbm naVy bmJbo. Vohm
IQ>mi nwOmar `mZm {Zamon Xo`mgmR>r bm~da Jobm. `mZo lr_hmamOmZm
CnXoe Xo`m{df`r {dZVr Ho$br. Vohm `mZr gm{JVbo H$s, nmoQ> ^a`mnwaVo
BVa `mm / 55

A Am{U MmJbr gJV bm^br Va {Z_o H$m_ Pmbo, Ago g_Om. _moR>m
^m`mZo Vwbm XodmMr gJVr bm^br Amhoo. `mMr godm H$arV amherb Va Vwbm
H$moUVrhr H$_VaVm ^mgUma Zmhr. Xod hm Amn`m _ZmVM AgVmo. Oohm _Z
ho {dH$mamZr _{bZ hmoVo, Vohm Xod {XgV Zmhr. Xw{Z`m hr XodmU-KodmUrda
MmbVo. Vy Xwg`mMo dmBQ> qMVbog Va Vw`m nXar dmBQ> `oVo. `m OJmV Or
WmoS>rer godm KS>ob, Vr _Z:nydH$ H$aerb Va Vr lo> hmo`. Xod hm ^mdmMm
^wHo$bm Amho.
AmiXr_`o
lr_hmamO ho OJmnmgyZ A{b amh`mMm `Z H$arV. AmBgmho~mMo
Am`w` gn Kam_`o Jobo hmoVo. AmVm MUMU ^mgy bmJbr, hr Jmo> `mZm
~moMV hmoVr. `mMr AdWm `m Q>mo_Uo _m$Z `$ H$arV. Aem AdWoV
lr_hmamOm`m _Zmg Xya Hw$R>o Var {ZKyZ Omdo Ago dmQ>V Ago. EHo$ {Xder Vo
AmiXrbm {ZKmbo. KamVyZ ~mhoa nS>VmM OmoamMm nmD$g Ambm, naVw Vo Z
Wm~Vm {^OV{^OV Mmbbo. a`mV EH$ Y_emim hmoVr, `m Y_emioV kmZoa
_hmamOm`m nmXwH$m hmo`m. VoWo `mZr Aml` KoVbm. {VW`m bmoH$mZr `mZm
H$moaS>r do {Xbr Am{U eoH$`mgmR>r eoH$moQ>r bmdbr.
Xwg`m {Xder gH$mir {ZKyZ Vo AmiXrbm nmohmoMbo, Va VoWo EH$
~mU `mMr dmQ> nmhmV ~gbm hmoVm. Vmo `mZm Kar KoD$Z Jobm. `mZo CQUo d
gwdm{gH$ Vob MmoiyZ `mZm ZmZ KmVbo. _moR>m AmXamZo gmodio ZogdyZ n$mmMo
OodU KmVbo. {dS>m Am{U X{jUm {Xbr. lr_hmamOmZr {dS>m KoVbm d X{jUm
kmZoda _hmamOmZm AnU H$a`mg gm{JVbo. EH$m AZmoiIr _mUgmH$Sy>Z
Am{V` Pm`m_wio lr_hmamOmZm AmM` dmQ>bo. `mZr {dMma`mda `mZo
gm{JVbo H$s, _r AmiXr_`o XmoZ _{hZoo AZw>mZ H$arV Amho. H$mb amr
_m`m dZmV lrkmZoda _hmamOmZr `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$r, VwPo AZw>mZ g\$i
hmo`mgmR>r _r Cm Xhm dmOVm `oV Amho. _m`m ZmZmMr d ^moOZmMr MmJbr
`dWm R>od. `mZo kmZoda _hmamOmMm O`O`H$ma H$arV lr_hmamOmZm
bmoQ>mJU KmVbo. Aem CnmYtnmgyZ Xya amh`mgmR>r `mZr _{XamVM amh`mMo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 56

R>a{dbo. _J `m ~mUmZo EH$ Amogar dN> H$$Z {Xbr. lr_hmamOmZr

lrkmZoda _hmamOmMo XeZ KoVbo d Vo AmogarV `oD$Z Pmonbo.
na_m`mMo qMVZ H$arV Vo Ago _Z Pmbo H$s amr AH$am dmOVm
`mZmVyZ OmJo Pmbo. MmXUo {dIwabo hmoVo. Hw$UmMr Var Mmhb bmJ`m_wio
lr_hmamOmZr {VH$S>o nm{hbo. Va EH$ gwXa VUr ZQy>ZWQy>Z `mZm de H$$Z
Ko`mgmR>r H$m_wH$VoZo >r Q>mH$V C^r hmoVr. `m gwXarZo {dZVr Ho$br H$s,
Am_Mo Am{V` drH$mam. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, kmZoda _hmamOmH$Sy>Z
Am_Mo `mo` H$mao Am{V` Pmbo Amho. Am_Mm `mZm {Zamon m H$s Amhr
~ogmdY Zmhr. ho EoH$VmM Vr gwXar nmhVm-nmhVm A` Pmbr. lr_hmamO
^JdVmMr hr brbm nmhZ M{H$V Pmbo.
AmiXrMo lrZqgh gadVr
Xwg`m {Xder lr_hmamO AmiXrVrb {g gnwf lrZqgh
gadVrZm ^oQ>m`bm Jobo. `mZm nmhVmM dm_tZr `mMo _moR>m AmXamZo dmJV
Ho$bo d Amn`mOdi ~gdyZ KoVbo. `m`m_`o nma_m{WH$ MMm hmoD$
bmJbr. dm_r hUmbo, ^Q>Hy$Z earambm H$> Xo`mnojm EH$m {R>H$mUr amhZ
gmYZ Ho$`mZo Vo \$bn hmoVo. `mda lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo H$s, earamMr
__Vm hr `moJ_mJmV {dZ AmUVo. Vr __Vm EImm {d{e> _mJmZo Xya hmoVo,
Ago hUVm `oV Zmhr. `mbm Omo _mJ gmo`rMm dmQ>ob, `mZo Vmo drH$mamdm.
H$moU`mhr `_-{Z`_m`m ^mZJS>rV Z nS>Vm, Xoh-maY ho ^moJyZM gn{dbo
nm{hOo. gwI {_imo AJa Xw:IM gmogmdo bmJmo, hUyZ maY ^moJ`mMm hm
gH$n Ho$bm nm{hOo. lr_hmamOmMo ~mobUo EoHy$Z dm_tZm gVmof dmQ>bm.
XmoZ {Xdg dm_t`mOdi amhZ ZVa lr_hmamO gV VwH$mam_ _hmamOm`m
Xoh JmdmH$S>o {ZKmbo.
Xoh_`o
lr_hmamO AmiXrhyZ Xohbm Ambo. lrgV VwH$mam_ _hmamO `mMo
XeZ KoD$Z _{XamVrb EH$m \$irda H$mon`mV `mZ H$arV ~gbo. Xwg`m
{Xder H$U O_m>_r hmoVr. XwnmaZVa dmaH$`mMo OWo ^OZ H$arVH$arV `oD$
BVa `mm / 57

bmJbo. Q>mi _XwJm`m JOamZo dmVmdaU ^$Z Jobo. `m {Xder _{XamVrb

{d>bmbm nMm_VmZo ZmZ Kmb`mMr Wm Amho. ^$OZ Xodmbm nMm_VZmZ Kmby Z gmX Ko D $Z OmV hmo V o . na V w `m JXuV Hw $ UmMo h r bj
lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Jobo Zmhr. Vo {Xdg^a Cnmer hmoVo. A`m amr Hw$UrVar
`mZm dmQ>r^a nMm_VmMm gmX {Xbm. Xwg`m {Xder O_m>_rMm Cndmg
hmoVm. lr_hmamO XohVrb _{XamMo XeZ KoD$Z nwhm \$irda `oD$Z ~gbo.
Xwnmar Hw$UrVar `mZm e|JXmUo, Jyi d XmoZ Ho$ir AmUyZ {Xbr. `mVrb WmoS>ogo
ImD$Z Vo `mZmbm ~gbo. O_m>_rMm Cgd Pm`mda `mZm gmX {_imbm.
hmX ZmdmMm EH$ JhW `mZm Amn`m Kar KoD$Z Jobm. OodUmZVa Vo
VwH$mam_ _hmamO OoWo {Z` ^OZ H$arV AgV `m S>m|JamH$S>o {ZKmbo.
{edeH$amMo XeZ
S>m|Jam`m nm``mbm {edmMo mMrZ d ^` _{Xa Amho. VoWo H$moUrhr
OmV-`oV Zgo. ^JdVmbm AnU H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO {ZJwS>rMr nmZo KoD$Z
Ambo. J^Jh Imbr hmoVo Am{U VoWo XmQ> AYma hmoVm. nmH$mo`m CSy>Z ~mhoa `oV
hmo`m. {edqbJmbm ZmZ Kmb`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmMonmer ^mS>o ZhVo. Vohm
`mZr nMm {^OdyZ AmUbm. Vo AmV OmD$ bmJbo Va EH$ ZmJamO ~mhoa nS>bm.
gH$nm_mUo `mZr nyOm H$$Z {edmbm gm>mJ Z_H$ma Ho$bm Am{U AmZXmZo
~mhoa Ambo.
`mZr AmJ noQ>{d`mgmR>r bmH$S>o Jmoim Ho$br, naVw MH$_H$ qH$dm
AmJnoQ>r Hw$Ry>Z `oUma ? `mZr _{Xa YwS>mibo. EH$m H$mon`mV EH$ H$>m hmoVm.
`mda EH$ nwf^a CMrMo ~iV ~Z{dbo hmoVo. `mda EH$ _S>Ho$ R>odbo hmoVo. Vo
~mOybm H$aVmM VoWo VobmMr ~mQ>br, AmJnoQ>r, VmXimMr {nedr, {nR>mMr
nmoQ>br, JmOmMr {Mbr_ Am{U JaOoMr ^mS>rhr hmoVr. nemMr Wbrhr VoWo
hmoVr. Z _mJVm gd H$mhr {_imbo. lr_hmamOmZr {Xdm bmdbm. ^JdmZ {edmMr
nyOm Ho$br. ^mV-{nR>bo V`ma H$$Z Zdo XmI{dbm. YwZr noQ>dyZ Vo ^JdVm`m
`mZmg ~gbo. A`m amr _{XamV AMmZH$ {X` H$me ngabm. ^JdmZ
{ed ho nmdVr_mVogh gVoZo nmhmV Ag`mMo lr_hmamOmZm {Xgbo. jU^a
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 58

`m {X` XeZmZo `mMo S>moio AmZXmZo ^$Z Ambo. Xwg`m {Xder OdinmgMr
\w$bo AmUyZ `mZr ^JdVmMr nyOm ~mYbr.
`m {Xder VwH$mam_ ZmdmMm ^m{dH$ _{XamV XeZmgmR>r Ambm.
`m`mH$Sy>Z g_Obo H$s `m _{XamV EH$ Jmogmdr amhmV hmoVm. ZwH$VmM `mZo
Xoh-`mJ Ho$bm hmoVm. lr_hmamOmZm H$iyZ MwH$bo H$s gd gm{h` `m AkmV
Jmogm`mZoM R>odbo hmoVo. `mZr VwH$mam_mH$adr Odinmg`m ~mUmZm ~mobmdyZ
`m`mH$Sy>Z {edmbm bKwm{^foH$ Ho$bm. `mZr Cabobo gm{h` d ngo `m
VwH$mam_mbm XoD$Z Q>mH$bo. ZVa Vo `m XwJ_ ^mbM S>m|Jamda OoWo VwH$mam_
_hmamO ~gV AgV VoWo OmD$Z `mZ bmdyZ ~gbo. amr dmKmMr S>aH$mir EoHy$
Ambr, naVw Vmo XwgarH$S>o {ZKyZ Jobm. {Vg`m {Xder Xwnmar EH$ {eybYmar
AdYyV H$Q> Pmbm. `mZo gm{JVbo H$s, gd `moJmMr n[aUVr _rM Amho,
_rM {ddmV ^$Z am{hbmo Amho, _m`m{edm` `m OJmV Xwgam H$moUr Zmhr,
Aer AZw^yVr {_im`mda H$mhrhr doJio CaV Zmhr. Vohm Ago ^Q>H$`mnmgyZ
H$m` \$m`Xm ? AmVm `oWyZ {ZKyZ Om, Ago hUyZ Vmo A` Pmbm.
VoWo Xwgam EH$ S>m|Ja Amho. `mda VwH$mam_ _hmamO `m`m nmXwH$m
AmhoV. XeZ H$$Z lr_hmamO Xohbm naV Ambo. VoWo hmX ZmdmMm ^$
`mZm Kar KoD$Z Jobm. `mMr gwd$n Xwgar ~m`H$mo CN>IbnUo dmJyZ
lr_hmamOmMr ~S>XmV H$$ bmJbr, hUyZ lr_hmamO XwnmaMo ^moOZ KoVmM
qMMdS>bm {ZKmbo.
^JdVm`m Amko_mUo lr_hmamO XohhZ {ZKmbo. Vo qMMdS>bm Ambo.
_hmZ JUoe-CnmgH$ _moa`m Jmogmdr `m`m g_mYrMo XeZ KoVbo Am{U Vo
g^m _S>nmV ~gbo. EH$m AmoiIr`m JhWmZo `mZm nm{hbo Am{U nw`mbm
AmBgmho~mMoH$S>o ~mV_r H$i{dbr. VgoM XodWmZMm Cmam{YH$mar `mZmhr
_m{hVr {Xbr. `mZr lr_hmamOmMo AmXam{V` Ho$bo. ~mV_r {_iVmM Xwg`m
{Xder AmBgmho~ lr_hmamOmZm KoD$Z Om`mgmR>r Am`m.
gamoda gwHy$Z Jo`mda nmIao CSy>Z OmVmV. lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Omon`V
ngm hmoVm, Vmon`V ZmVodmBH$ _S>ir KamV AgV. nU Oohm Q>MmB Ambr Vohm
BVa `mm / 59

^moOZ^mD$ hiyhiy {ZKyZ Jobo. H$merhyZ naV Am`mda KamV lr_hmamO d

AmBgmho~ Ago XmoKoOUM Cabo. lr_hmamO Zoh_r Am_mZXmV JTy>Z Jobobo
AgV. gH$mir AH$am dmOon`V AW$U gmoS>V ZgV. bmoH$ Xwamdbo. ggm[aH$
CnmYr niyZ Jo`m, Ago _mZyZ lr_hmamO {ZpMV Pmbo, naVw Ka H$go
Mmbm`Mo ? `mMr O~m~Xmar AmBgmho~mModa hmoVr. `mZm Q>MmB OmUdy bmJbr
H$s `m Q>moMyZ ~moby bmJV. eodQ>r lr_hmamOmZr Ka {dHy$Z Q>mH$bo d ngo
AmBgmho~mZm {Xbo, naVw `mZm H$mQ>H$ga H$aUo _mhrV ZhVo. `m gUdma
Am{U XmZ-Y_ CXmanUo H$arV AgV. JaO nS>br H$s `m Amnbm EImXm
Xm{JZm {dHy$Z H$m_ ^mJdrV AgV. AJXrM hmV AIS>bm Va H$Yr `m
lr_hmamOmZm Q>mo_Um _marV H$s `mZm hmVmaMi bmJbo Amho AmVm.
g~ Ho$ XmVm am_
lr_hmamOmZm gXJw$ dm_r g_WmMm AZwJh m Pm`mZVa {da$s
Ambr. Varhr Vo JhW hmoVo Am{U nM Mmb{d`mgmR>r nwhm gwJYrMm YXm
`dgm` H$$ bmJbo. {Xdmirnydu {JhmBHo$ _moR>m AmZXmZo _mb KoV AgV.
gZ 1896 _`o lr_hmamO Or Amao _w~Bbm KoD$Z Jobo hmoVo, Vr bdH$a
gnbr. nw`mhZ _mJ{dbobm _mb doioda Ambm Zmhr, hUyZ Cabobm _mb
{dHy$Z `mZr nw`mbm Om`Mo R>a{dbo. gH$mir Oohm noQ>r CKS>br Vohm gd
~mQ>`m ^abo`m hmo`m. Vo M{H$V Pmbo. `mZr gd Amao {dH$br. Xwg`m
{Xder nm{hbo Va nwhm ~mQ>`m ^abo`m. `mZr {dMma Ho$bm H$s Omo _moH$`m
~mQ>`m ^$Z Q>mH$Vmo, Vmo Ka ~g`m Am_Mr Cnojm H$arb H$m` ?
AOJa H$ar Z MmH$ar, njr H$ar Z H$m_ &
Xmg _byH$ hUVmo, gdmMm XmVm am_ &&
Am{U VohmnmgyZ `mZr ngm {_i{d`mgmR>r H$moUVohr H$m_ H$am`Mo
Zmhr, Agm gH$n Ho$bm d Vmo nwT>o 17 df} hUOoM O_^a nmibm.
gVdmMr AmoiI
gd AmoiIrMoo bmooH$ lr_hmamOmZm AOwZr am_^mD$ JYr `m ZmdmZoM
OmUV hmoVo. `m`m gVdmMr AmoiI \$ma H$_r bmoH$mZm hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZm
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 60

H$mer_`o Oo nmSw>aJ^Q> ^S>H$_H$aemr ^oQ>bo hmoVo Am{U `mZm H$mer{ddZmWmZo dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo hmoVo H$s Vw`m da`m _O`mda _r amhmVmo,
{VWo {edm_yR> {X`mg _bm AnU hmoBb; Vo ^S>H$_H$aemr R>m`mbm `oD$Z
am{hboo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmMm AZwJh {_iyZhr AOwZr `m`m_`o H$_R>Vm hmoVr.
Vo doX nR>U H$arV. XaamoO ^JdmZ {edmbm A{^foH$ H$arV. EHo$ {Xder
R>m`m_`o lr_hmamO ~mhoa nS>bo hmoVo, EdT>mV `moJm`moJmZo ^S>H$_H$aemr
nm`m`m KmJar ^$Z VoWo Ambo. lr_hmamOmZm nmhmVmM `mZr hmVmV`m
KmJar Imbr R>od`m d `m`m MaUr bmoQ>mJU KmVbo. Vo nmhZ BVa bmoH$mZm
lr_hmamO ho gnwf AmhoV `mMr OmUrd Pmbr.
nw`mV boJ
1896 gmbr nw`mV boJMm H$ha Pmbm. ggJO` amoJ Ag`m_wio
AmOm`mZm hmpnQ>b_`o ^aVr H$amdo Agm hHy$_ Pmbm. BJO {enmB KamKamMr
VnmgUr H$$ bmJbo. `m_wio nw`mbm XheV ~gbr hmoVr. BJO {enmB ~yQ>
KmbyZ KamV KwgVmV, ho lr_hmamOmZm ngV ZhVo, hUyZ Vo Ambo H$s Q>|nb,
JmS>, Hw$qH$J $_ Ago hUyZ Vo {enm`mZm {nQ>miyZ bmdV. lr_hmamOmda
{dZmH$maU Oi\$iUmao eoOmar BJO {enm`mZm _wm_hZ lr_hmamOmMo Ka
XmIdrV. EHo$ {Xder EH$ _wXmS> {enmB `m`m KamV Kwgbm. lr_hmamOmZr
`mbm Wmon{d`mMm `Z Ho$bm, Vohm `mZo `mZm _ma`mgmR>r hmV CJmabm.
`mZr Amnbo _VH$ nwT>o Ho$bo. Vmo naV`mgmR>r {\$abm Vohm nm`ard$Z nm`
Kg$Z nS>bm Am{U `m`m nm`mMr hmS>o _moS>br. `mZo OmD$Z boJ Am{\$gaH$S>o
VH$ma Ho$br. Vohm `mZo amJ H$mT>bm H$s Vy Q>|nb hQ>`mda AmV H$m Jobm
hmoVmg ?
geJr `mm
boJ`m gmWr_`o {enm`mMm mg ZH$mo hUyZ lr_hmamO geJrbm
Om`bm {ZKmbo. VoWo `mZm lrgXmZX _hmamO ho Jw~Yy ^oQ>bo. `mZm
hndm_r Agohr hUV. Vo {g`moJr hmoVo.
geJr JS>mda {eVIS>m `m ZmdmMo WmZ Amho. VoWo S>m|JamMo
BVa `mm / 61

VwQ>bobo H$S>o AmhoV d Imbr Imob Xar Amho. nydu`m H$mir bmoH$ Amnbm
Zdg \o$S>`mgmR>r `m OmJod$Z Imbr CS>r KoV. `mV Ord Om`mMm YmoH$m
Ago. lr_hmamO hndm_r`m~amo~a ~mobV~mobV `m {R>H$mUr nmohmoMbo. Vo
EH$ a_Ur` WmZ Amho. hndm_r J_VrZo hUmbo H$s, ^mD$gmho~, Vwhr
`oWyZ CS>r `mb H$m? lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, _r EH$Q>mM H$m` Vwhmbm
KoD$Z CS>r _maVmo. hwndm_r hUmbo, CS>r _mamb nU {OdV amhmb
H$m` ? lr_hmamOmZr H$moUVmhr {dMma Z H$aVm hndm_tMm hmV Y$Z S>moim
bdVmo Z bdVmo EdT>mV Imbr CS>r _mabr. hndm_r gXJw$Mo _aU H$$Z
AmoaS>bo. XmoKohr gwI$n Imbr Ambo. Vohm dm_r hUmbo H$s, ho H$gbo
amjgr H$` ? ^mD$gmho~, Amhr Vw_`mnwT>o VwN> AmhmoV.
boJMr JmR>
geJr JS>md$Z Am`mda lr_hmamOmZr Amnbo H$g~m noR>oVrb Ka
{dH$bo Am{U Vo ewH$dma noR>oV Ji{b_H$a `m`m Kar ^mS>mZo amh bmJbo.
VoWo Am`mnmgyZ lr_hmamOmMr V`oV \$maM {~KS>br. nmSw>aJ^Q>m`m_wio lr_hmamO _wgr\$ ^mJdV `m`m Kar R>m`mbm dmadma OmV AgV.
_wgr\$ ^mJdVmMm _wbJm ~idVamd ^mJdV lr_hmamOmZm hdmnmbQ> hUyZ
R>m`mbm Amn`m Kar KoD$Z Jobm. R>mUo-_w~B BW`m S>mQ>amZr CnMma H$$Z
nm{hbm. nU H$mhrhr Cn`moJ Pmbm Zmhr. S>mQ>a hUV hmoVo H$s, AmVm ho
H$mhr {XdgmMoM nmhUo AmhoV. eodQ>r lr_hmamOmZr AmfY KoUo ~X Ho$bo.
EHo$ {Xder `mZm \$ma Vmn Ambm. Vo hUmbo, Xwnmar _bm WmoS>o VmOo VmH$ XoV
amhm. Am{U AmR> {XdgmZr `m`m OmKo_`o Am`mEdT>r JmR> Ambr. Vr
`mZr XmI{dbr. Vr \w$Qy>Z `mVyZ a$-ny dmhZ Jobm Am{U Vo ~ao Pmbo. Vo
hUmbo, Vwhm bmoH$mZm nyduM gm{JVbo AgVo, Va Vwhr Km~abm AgVm
Am{U H$m`H$m` AmfYo nmO{dbr AgVr, Vo H$moUmg R>mD$H$ ?
Amnbo Ka {dHy$Z Ji{b_H$a `m`m KamV ^mS>mZo am{h`mda
lr_hmamOmZr dV:bm Xoh maYmda gmon{dbo Am{U Vo gd {Xdg nSy>Z amh
bmJbo. Odi nmZmMo gm_mZ, {nVioMm Ib~mm, {nH$XmUr, nm`mZo ^abobm
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 62

Vm`m R>odbobm Ago. R>m`mhZ ~idVamd ^mJdV d nmSw>aJ^Q> ho dmadma `oV

AgV. `m`m {Z{_mmZo AmUIr H$mhr bmoH$ `oD$ bmJbo, Vohm CnmYr dmT>
bmJbr. ngm Hw$Ry>Z AmUm`Mm ? `m bmoH$mnmgyZ Xya amhm`mgmR>r lr_hmamO
CJ $n YmaU H$$ bmJbo. o_-^$s ZgUm`m bmoH$mda Vo CgiV AgV.
`m`mda {e`mMm ^{S>_ma H$$ bmJV. _J Vo bmoH$ `mZm doS>m hmVmam
g_OyZ Xya hmoV AgV.
gmYw-gVmMm R>md
lr_hmamOmMr V`oV dmadma {~KS>o. Vo AmOmar nS>bo H$s ~idVamd
^mJdV ho R>m`mhZ ~mV_r {_imbr ZgVmZm AmnmoAmn `oV Am{U `mMr
godm, AmfY-nmUr H$$Z Vo ~ao Pm`mda naV OmV. ^mJdVmMo ~amo~a ^mD$,
{_, ZmVodmBH$ Aer _S>irgwm `oD$ bmJbr. H$moUVrhr {_iH$V ZhVr
Am{U IM dmT>V hmoVm. Varhr lr_hmamOm`m KamV H$go Mmbm`Mo, ho g_OV
Zgo. ~idVamd ^mJdV `mZmhr ho ah` dmQ>m`Mo.
bmoH$ Am`mda amoOMm IM dmT>m`Mm. nMmbm H$m` bmJV Zmhr ?
~idVamd JaOo`m dVyMr `mXr H$$Z lr_hmamOm`mnwT>o R>odrV Vohm Vo ngo
JmXrImbyZ Ko`mg gmJV. JmXrImbr JaOoonwaVo ngo {_iV. ~idVamdm`m
_ZmV Z `oB H$s JmXrImbr ngo Hw$Ry>Z `oVmV ? EHo$ {Xder `mZr N>S>m
bmdm`Mo R>a{dbo. lr_hmamO CR>`mda AmV Jobo, Vohm ~idVamdmZr ~R>H$
PmSy>Z PQ>Hy$Z gm\$ Ho$br. lr_hmamO naV Am`mda ~idVamdmZr gm_mZmMr
`mXr `m`mg_moa R>odbr. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, JmXrImbyZ Koo !
~bdVamd hUmbo, ngo ZmhrV. _r AmmmM gm\$g\$mB Ho$br Amho. Vohm
lr_hmamO hUmbo, nwhm ~K. nm{hbo Va JmXrImbr JaOoMo ngo {_imbo.
XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mZmhr AgmM AZw^d Ambm. lr_hmamOm`m
Jm{bMmImbr JaOo n w a Vo n g o {_iV AgV. Z`m KamV Am`mda
AZ`mpMV`Vmo `m dMZmMm AZw^d {_iy bmJbm. {OV`m nemMr
JaO Ago, {VVHo$ ngo EImXm ^$ lr_hmamOm`mg_moa R>odyZ OmV Ago.
~mOmamVyZ IaoXrMo H$m_ XmmonV {ZamoIoH$amH$S>o hmoVo. Xwg`m {Xder nYam
BVa `mm / 63

n`mMr JaO hmoVr. BH$S>o KamV XmoZ AmUogwm ZhVo. H$m` H$am`Mo ? naVw
Xwg`m {Xder lr_hmamO OmJo hmoV AmhoV, EdT>mV OarMo \o$Q>o ~mYbobo XmoZ
JhW Ambo Am{U `mZr lr_hmamOmg_moa 15 n`o AnU Ho$bo.
lr_hmamO hUV H$s, gmYw-gVmMm R>md Xodm{XH$mZmgwm bmJV
Zmhr.
XohmMr _m`m
~idVamdmZm H$mhr AS>MU Ambr Va EImm _{XamV {ZJhmZo OmD$Z
~gV. VoWrb XodmMm >mV hmoB H$s, VwPo H$m_ `oWo hmoUma Zmhr. Vy nw`mg
Om. EH$Xm Vo nw`mVrb {d>bdmS>r`m JUoe _{XamV OmD$Z XmoZ {Xdg
~gbo. Omon`V H$m_ hmoV Zmhr, Vmon`V `oWyZ OmUma Zmhr, Agm `mZr {ZM`
Ho$bm. JUoemZo dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, VwPo H$m_ `oWo hmoUma Zmhr. Vy
nw`mg Om. Varhr Vo ASy>Z ~gbo, Vohm Ag` CXra nXm Pmbo Am{U `mZm
Mmdy bmJbo. eodQ>r Vo lr_hmamOmH$S>o Jobo. `mZr [dMmabo Vohm ImoQ>oM gm{JVbo
H$s, _r R>m`mhZ Ambmoo Amho. lr_hmamO hUmbo, ZmpVH$mbm AmpVH$
~Z{dUo \$ma _wpH$brMo Amho. `mbm CXrahr nidyZ bmdVmV. eodQ>r
~idVamdmZr _m` H$arV hQ>bo H$s, Amn`m narjog Amhr CVaUma
Zmhr. Amn`m ghdmgm_wio H$mhr H$amdo, Aer B`m dmQ>Vo, naVw Xoh-__Vm
gwQ>V Zmhr Am{U gd Jmo>r gmJyZ dV:Mr MyH$ H$~yb Ho$br. Vohm lr_hmamO
hUmbo, earamMr __Vm XwVa AgVo. {ZM`mZo d o_mZo ^JdVmMo `mZ
Ho$`mda Y` dmT>Vo. A`mgm_wio gd O_Vo, hUyZ `Z Ho$bo nm{hOoV.
Vohm Hw$R>o _wH$m_mbm nmohmoMVm `oVo.
gZ 1902 _`o lr_hmamO gmV-AmR> _{hZo AmOmar hmoVo. godogmR>r
R> m `mh Z ~id V amd Ambo hmo V o . AmB g mho ~ m Z m bo J Mm Vmn Ambm.
~idVamdmZmhr boJMm Vmn Ambm. Vohm ~idVamd hUmbo H$s, _r R>m`mbm
OmVmo. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Wm~{d`mMm Iyn `Z Ho$bm, naVw Vo h> Y$Z
Jobo. lr_hmamO hUmbo, eodQ>r ~idV naV Jobm. `mMo H$mhr Iao {XgV
Zmhr. VoM Iao R>abo. XmoZ-VrZ {XdgmVM ~idVamdmMo {ZYZ Pmbo.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 64

~idVamdmZVa b_Uamd ~mnQ>mZm boJ`m VmnmZo nN>mS>bo.

AmBgmho~ AmOmar hmo`mM. lr_hmamO _yi`mYr_wio hamU hmoVo. `mV ~mnQ>
VmnmZo nS>bo. `m`m EH$m {_mZo gbm {Xbm H$s KamV AmUIr H$moUr Zmhr,
Vohm ~mnQ>mZm boJ`m hmpnQ>b_`oM R>odmdo, naVw lr_hmamOmZr R>UH$mdyZ
gm{JVbo H$s, _mPr hmS>o Omon`V Cabr AmhoV, Vmon`V _r `mbm _ma`mgmR>r
hmpnQ>b_`o nmR>{dUma Zmhr. AmBgmho~ AW$Umda Am{U lr_hmamO
AmOmar; Varhr Vo gm~wXm`mMr Ira d {eam ~ZdyZ ~mnQ>mZm ImD$ KmbV.
ghm`m {Xder `mZm dm`y Pmbm. dm`yMm H$mon Wm~{d`mgmR>r Vo ~mnQ>mZm
Y$Z ~gbo. Oohm ~mnQ>mM
r ~m`H$mo d ZmVodmBH$ JmdmhZ naV Ambo, Vohm Vo
Kar Job.o VoWo `mZm nwhm dm`w-H$mon Pmbm. lr_hmamO dV: `m`m Kar Job.o
~mnQ>mZ m ~mYZy KmVbo hmoV.o lr_hmamOmZr `mZm _moH$io H$$Z AmfY nmObo
Am{U `m`m H$no_i
w o ~mnQ> dmMbo. ~mnQ>m `m {ZR>_o i
w o `mZr {Z^mdyZ Zob.o
ZdrZ Ka
lr_hmamO H$g~m noR>oVrb Ka {dHy$Z Z`m KamV amhm`bm Ambo.
1903 _`o `mZr e{Zdma noR>oVrb _oh|Xio ZmdmMm JhWmH$Sy>Z Ka IaoXr
KoVbo Am{U VoWo amh bmJbo. VoWo EH$ {edmb` hmoVo. `m KamV Xodm{XH$m`m d
gmYw-gVm`m Vg{~ar bmd`m. `m Vg{~atZm amoO hma KmVbo OmV. lr_hmamO
dV: hma V`ma H$arV. \w$bmgmR>r aVr~ hmoVm. EHo$ {Xder Xwnmar ~mam dmObo
Var \w$bo Ambr ZmhrV. Vohm H$S>H$ Chm_`o lr_hmamO AZdmUr \w$bo
AmU`mg Jobo. \w$bo AmUbr, _mim Ho$`m Am{U `m Vg{~atZm KmV`m. `m
KamV Hw$b-Y_, Hw$bmMma Am{U Cgd _moR>m WmQ>mZo gmOao hmoD$ bmJbo. Ka
H$mbm$ hmoVo, N>moQ>o hmoVo. ^$ Am`mda {Vi^ahr OmJm CaV Zgo. `m`m
npM_oH$S>rb OmJm _moH$ir hmoVr. {VMo _mbH$ JJmYa _oh|Xio `mZr Vr OmJm
lr_hmamOmZm XmZ hUyZ XoD$Z Q>mH$br.
lr_hmamO {Z:nh hmoVo Am{U {grnmgyZ Xya AgV, naVw `mMo
gmYwd AmoiIUmao bmoH$ `oVM AgV. `m doir lr_hmamO `mZm `mdhm[aH$,
nmam{UH$, Ym{_H$, Am`mp_H$ B`mXr {df`mMo ah` VmgZ Vmg g_OmdyZ
BVa `mm / 65

gmJV AgV. H$YrH$Yr Vo ^$m`m _yInUmda IoH$gV Am{U {e`mMm ^{S>_ma

H$arV. ho IoH$gUo bmoH$mZm gwYma`mgmR>rM Ago. H$YrH$Yr EImXm X^r `mMr
narjm Ko`mgmR>r `oB, `m doir Vo `m`mda amJ H$mT>V. `mMm amJ qH$dm
`m`m {e`m `m ^$mgmR>r AmerdmX R>aV.
{e`mMo daXmZ
H$`mUMo {^S>o ZmdmMo JhW lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o `oV AgV. `mMm
Xmy ZmdmMm _wbJm \$ma {XdgmnmgyZ gJ{hUr_wio AmOmar hmoVm. hmS>mMm ZwgVm
gmnim Cabm hmoVm. S>mQ>amZr hmV Q>oH$bo. OJ`mMr Amem {XgV ZhVr.
`mMr AmOr JmoXyVmB Ho$VH$a `mZr `mbm lr_hmamOmH$S>o KoD$Z Om`mMo R>a{dbo.
`mbm aodoVyZ KoD$Z EHo$ {Xder Xwnmar `m lr_hmamOm`mnmer Am`m.
ZwH$VoM Vo OodU H$$Z nS>bo hmoVo. JmoXyVmBZr `m`m XmamOdi noT>o, hma d
YmoVamV JwS>mibo`m Xmybm R>odbo. lr_hmamO gVmnbo, Vy JmT>d Amhog,
_yI Amhog. Vwhr ~m`H$m Xwg`mbm ~XZm_ H$aUm`m AgVm. Vy WoaS>r
Pmbrg, _J AH$b Jobr H$m` ? Vwbm {ddmg Zmhr. {ddmg AgVm Va BWo
H$embm Ambr AgVrg ? Vy `m _wbmbm AmJJmS>rV ~gdyZ AmUbog. Vy ~mb
h`mar Amhog. ~moMH$ Q>m_o `mMm _mam hmoV hmoVm, naVw JmoXVy mBMr lr_hmamOmMdo a
nyU {Z>m hmoVr. `m `mMm amJ gmogV am{h`m. eodQ>r lr_hmamO Jn Pmbo.
lr_hmamOmMr H$nm->r nS>VmM WS> nS>bo`m _wbm`m AJmV C~
`oD$ bmJbr d `mbm JmT> Pmon Ambr. JmoXyVmBZr lr_hmamOmMo _aU H$$Z
A J mam `m`m H$nmir bmdbm. g `mH$min` V _w b Jm ~am Pmbm.
lr_hmamOm`m {e`m `m _wbmgmR>r daXmZ R>a`m.
_oh|X`mMr OmJm naV
_oh|X`mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$mJX {bhZ ~Ii {Xbr hmoVr, `m Jmo>tMr
`mZm K_|S> hmoVr. H$YrH$Yr Vo lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o `oD$Z VH$-{dVH$ H$arV
~gV. `mZm dmQ>V hmoVo H$s OmJm XmZ {Xbr Amho, Vohm ho X~yZ dmJVrb. naVw
lr_hmamO ho n>do$ hmoVo. _oh|Xio ho CbQ>gwbQ> Jmo>r ~mobyZ Amnbm ^md
nmSy> BpN>V AgV. EH$Xm Vo hUmbo H$s, ~mUmZm doXmV em ho j{`mZr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 66

{eH${dbo. lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, Vw_Mr ~rOo Aew AmhoV, `m_wio

Ago VH$-Hw$VH$ gwMVmV. ho EoHy$Z _oh|X`mZm An_mZ dmQ>bm Am{U `mZr
lr_hmamOmZm YS>m {eH$dm`Mo R>a{dbo. `mZr {Xbobo XmZ-n a{OQ>a Ho$bo
ZhVo. hm _wm KoD$Z Vo H$moQ>mV Jobo. H$aU hm`H$moQ>mn`V Jobo. _oh|Xio `mMm
Xmdm H$m`mZo {g Pmbm. `mZm OmJm naV H$a`mMm \$gbm Pmbm. bmoH$mZm
_oh|X`mMo dmJUo ~ao dmQ>bo Zmhr, naVw _oh|X`mZm gyS> KoV`mMm AmZX
Pmbm. _m lr_hmamOmZm WmoS>rhr {Zamem dmQ>br Zmhr.
EH$m ^$mZo {dMmabo H$s, Amn`mOdi H$Vw_H$Vw_ e$s Amho.
_J {d njmbm YS>m H$m XoV Zmhr ? Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, _r Amn`m
OrdZmV Cm_mom_ gwIo ^moJbr AmhoV. CH$> H$bmH$ma, amOm-_hmamOm `mMr
gJV {_i{dbr Amho. gwImon^moJmgmR>r ngm H$_{d`mMm bmo^ hmoVm. `m
ZmXmV Iyn H$> Pobbo. {h_mb`mV OmD$Z Vn`m Ho$br. EH$m \${H$amH$Sy>Z
{H$_`m {eHy$Z KoVbr, naVw MZ nS>V ZhVo. gXJw$ lrdm_r g_W `m`mOdi
Jo`mda g_mYmZ dmQ>bo. XohmMr __Vm gwQ>mdr hUyZ H$miOr Z H$aVm ~oYS>H$nUo
_JatZr ^abo`m S>mohmV CS>r KoVbr, S>m|Jamd$Z CS>r _mabr, Amn`mOdirb
{gtMr nmaI H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm. Oohm Ago nm{hbo H$s `m_wio AhH$ma
dmT>V Amho, Vohm `m gmoSy>Z {X`m Am{U AmVm Xoh-maY ^moJV OrdZ
KmbdrV Amho. _oh|X`mZr OmJm naV KoVbr, `mMo _bm Xw:I dmQ>V Zmhr. `oWo
Y_emioMr JaO H$m` Amho ? AZoH$ bmoH$mZr _{Xao ~mYbr, AmVm VoWo nmH$mo`m
amhmVmV. Y_emim ~Z{d`m, `m CdV Pm`m AmhoV, hUyZ `m ^mZJS>rV
nS>`mMr AmVm JaO dmQ>V Zmhr.
gVmZm gVmd`mMo dmBQ> \$i
JbrV amhmUmao bmoH$ {dZmH$maU lr_hmamOmda Oi\$iV hmoVo. `mZr
H$mhr nmoamZm ^S>H$mdyZ lr_hmamOmZm mg Xo`mMm MJ ~mYbm. KmUoaS>m
{e`m XoUo, ~m|~m _maUo, KamV Yyi \o$H$Uo, qQ>Jb H$aUo, Xadm`mda XJS>
_maUo, Ago CmoJ H$arV Vo lr_hmamOmZm mg XoD$Z ^S>H$m{d`mMm `Z
H$$ bmJbo, naVw lr_hmamO Oamgwm T>ibo ZmhrV. EHo$ {Xder H$mhr ~X_me
KamV Kwgbo. AmaS>mAmoaS>m H$$ bmJbo. lr_hmamOmZm `mZr {e`m {X`m.
BVa `mm / 67

{Xdm {dP{dbm. ~mhoaMr _mVr-H$Mam AmUyZ KamV \o$H$bm Am{U Vo {ZKyZ Jobo.
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Wm~{dbo Zmhr Am{U gVmnhr XmI{dbm Zmhr. Vo emVnUo
nmhmV am{hbo. VH$ma ZhVr H$s {VaH$ma ZhVm. naVw AmBgmho~mZm amJ Ambm.
`m hUm`m H$s, _m`m KamVrb {Xdm `mZr {dP{dbm, `mZm ^JdV
nmhZ KoBb. nwT>o `m _Vdmb bmoH$mMo Oo nwT>mar hmoVo `mMr XwXem Pmbr,
Hw $ Ur bo J bm ~ir nS> b m, H$mo U r O_mMm AmOmar nS> b m, Va Hw $ Ur
BJOm`m{d H$maWmZ H$a`m`m Jwm_`o gmnSy>Z Vw$JmV gS>V
nS>bm. gVmbm mg {X`m_wio Vo ~a~mX Pmbo.
`mdgm{`H$ gmdY{Jar
~idVamd ^mJdV d ^S>H$_H$a^Q> {ZdV`mda dmgwAUm ^mJdV
Am{U `mMo _ohwUo A`wVamd nmZdiH$a ho AmbQy>Z-nmbQy>Z `oD$Z godogmR>r
XmoZXmoZ {Xdg amhmV AgV. X{ZH$ d Cgd-gUmdmamMm ~mOma `mZmM H$amdm
bmJo. lr_hmamO _mb nmaIyZ KoV, qH$_V {dMmarV, {hemo~ nmhmV Am{U
H$mhr Zm H$mhr Xmof H$mTy>Z `m bmoH$m`mda amJmZo VwQy>Z nS>V. BVHo$ H$s `mZm
aS>drV AgV. H$Yr `m bmoH$mZm dmQ>o H$s n-nMm {hemo~ R>od`mgmR>r Amhr
`oWo am{hbmo AmhmoV H$m` ? `m`m _ZmVrb Jmo> AmoiIyZ lr_hmamO hUV
H$s, `dhmamV gmdY Agbo nm{hOo. Vwhr _mPm Aml` KoVbm Amho. _r
bmImo n`o CS>dyZ emVnUo ~gbmo Amho. `dhmam_`o Vw_Mo nwaVo bj Agbo
nm{hOo. hoM bj nmbQy>Z na_mWm_`o ghOnUo bmdVm `oVo.
lr_hmamOmMo dmg`
lr_hmamO Amn`m bmoH$mda nwdV o_ H$arV AgV. Vo `oH$ {Xder
bmoH$mZm ~mobVm-~mobVm OrdZmMo ah` g_OmdyZ gmJV. `m`m Im`m{n`mMr H$miOr KoV. AmOmar Ag`mg bj XoV. gH$Q>mMo gJr `mMo ajU
H$arV. amr Pmon`mnydr ~KV AgV H$s gdmZm AW$U-nmK$U {_imbo
Amho H$s Zmhr. Zgbo Va dV:`m Immdarb emb `mbm nmKaV. Vo I`m
AWmZo Jw_mD$br hmoVo. Vo ^$mMo bm{H$H$ d nma_m{WH$ H$`mU hmo`mgmR>r
H$miOr KoV.
***
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 68

10. Zm{eH$Mo Xm_{Xa

Zm{eH$Mo {dUwnV _mV ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo {e` hmoVo. Vo
noeZa hmoVo. `mMo {_ hmoVo JmV_. `m XmoKmZmhr Ago dmQ>V hmoVo H$s Zm{eH$mV
Xm_{Xa ~mYmdo Am{U hmVmanUr godm H$arV amhmdo. `mZr Vo lr_hmamOmZm
gm{JVbo, Vohm lr_hmamOmZr AZw_Vr {Xbr. {dUwnVmZm _{XamMm gd IM
H$aUo e` ZhVo, hUyZ `mZr dJUr Jmoim Ho$br. JmV_ `mMr H$mim
am__{XamOdi dV:Mr OmJm hmoVr, Vr `mZr {Xbr. nU IM H$gm nyU
hmoUma ?
{dUwnVmZr nw`mg `oD$Z lr_hmamOmZm IMmMr AS>MU gm{JVbr.
Vohm lr_hmamOZr H$O H$mTy>Z _{Xa nyU H$a`mMr Amkm Ho$br. {dUwnV _mV
`mZr `mZm Zm{eH$bm `oD$Z _yVu WmnZ H$a`mMr {dZVr Ho$br. lr_hmamO
Z`m KamV amhm`mg Am`mnmgyZ Hw$Ro ~mhoaJmdr OmV ZgV, naVw Zm{eH$bm
Jobo Am{U 5-6 _{hZo VoWo amhZ lrXmO`Vr H$$ZM nw`mV naV Ambo.
Oohm lr_hmamO Zm{eH$bm Ambo, `m doir dmJV H$$Z {dUwnV
_mV hUmbo H$s, ho Amnbo _{Xa Amho. `mMm nyU ^ma Amn`mda Amho.
Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, XmmMo maY Xmm~amo~a Am{U _mPo maY
_m`m~amo~a ! _{Xam`m da`m _O`mda OmD$Z `mZr _wH$m_ Q>mH$bm.
lr_hmamO Zm{eH$bm Am`m_wio ^$OZ VoWo `oD$ bmJbo. `mM doir
Zm{eH$Mm Hw$^_oim Ambm. _hmamOmMr {gr dmTy> bmJbr Am{U _moR>m
g`oZo bmoH$ XeZmgmR>r `oD$ bmJbo. Oo H$mhr AnU hmoV Ago, Vo gd lr_hmamO
{dUwnV _mV `m`m hdmbr H$arV. lr_hmamOmZr nw`mhZ `oVmZm 25 n`o.
AmUbo hmoVo. amoO _moR>m g`oZo gmXmgmR>r bmoH$ `oD$ bmJbo, naVw
lr_hmamOm`m H$no_wio H$Yrhr CUrd ^mgbr Zmhr. gd gU-Cgd _moR>m
Zm{eH$Mo Xm_{Xa / 69

WmQ>mZo Pmbo. Oo H$O MT>bo hmoVo Vohr MwH$Vo Ho$bo Jobo. XmO`Vr H$$Z lr_hmamO
nw`mbm {ZKmbo Vohm `m`mOdi 25 n`oM hmoVo.
Zm{eH$Mo Xm_{Xa V`ma Pmbo, nU AmVm `m`m `dWoMr H$miOr
bmJbr. {dUwnV ho d`mod Pmbo hmoVo. `mZr {dMmabo H$s, _m`mZVa
_{XamMr `dWm H$er R>odm`Mr ? lr_hmamOmMo _wI {e` VoWo hOa hmoVo.
`mZr gdmZm {dMmabo H$s, Zm{eH$Mo _{Xa H$moU gm^miUma ? H$moUr nwT>o
Ambo Zmhr. Vohm {dUwnVmMo Om_mV Xm_moXa q~H$ XoenmS>o nwT>o Ambo Am{U
hUmbo, Amnbr Amkm Agob Va H$arZ. lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Odi ~gdyZ
KoVbo Am{U nw _mZyZ `m`m Vm|S>mV dV: gmIa KmVbr. `mMo Zmd EH$ZmW
am_M ~rS>H$a Ago R>odbo Am{U Vogwm dV:bm EH$ZmW ~rS>H$a hUdy
bmJbo.
Xm_moXa XoenmS>o ho AmBbm ^oQ>`mg \$bQ>Ubm Jobo hmoVo. `m Xa`mZ
lr_hmamO g_m{YW Pmbo. Hw$Urhr `mZm H$i{dbo Zmhr. dV_mZnmV
dmM`mda `mZm g_Obo. Vo {ZKyZ nw`mbm Ambo, _m `mMr Cnojm Pmbr.
Vo \$bQ>Ubm OmD$Z ZmoH$ar emoYy bmJbo. ZmoH$ar {_iV Ago. nU bmoH$ VH$ma
H$arV H$s hm ImoQ>o Zmd bmdVmo. Vr gwQ>V Ago. Vohm Vo H$Q>miyZ EH$ZmWm`m
nR>Ubm Jobo. VoWo lr_hmamOmZr dZ >mV {Xbm H$s, Vy Zm{eH$bm Om. Vo
VoWo Jo`mZo {dUwnV _mV `mZm AmZX Pmbm. `mZm VoWo ZmoH$arhr {_imbr.
`mZr Zm{eH$`m _{XamVrb nyOm-nmR> `mMr O~m~Xmar gm^mibr. {dUwnV
_mV `mZr _{Xa d gd dVy Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mMo Zmdo H$$Z {X`m.
lr_hmamOmMo Zmd `mZm bmdVm Ambo Zmhr H$maU H$mhr bmoH$mZr haH$V KoVbr.
naVw XoenmS>mZr dV:bm lr_hmamOmMm dmag _mZbo. Vo _hmamOmMo Jmo
bmdyZ `m`m Hw$bmMmamMo nmbZ H$arV hmoVo.
H$mhr {XdgmZVa {dUwnV _mV d `mMr nZr `mMo {ZYZ Pmbo.
Vohm XoenmS>o \$bQ>Ubm OmD$Z Amn`m AmB-~{hUtZm KoD$Z Ambo. XwXdmZo
`mMr nZr ({dUwnVmMr _wbJr) dmabr. Vohm `mZr JhWml_mMo nmbZ
hmo`mgmR>r d _{XamMr nanam Mmby amhm`mgmR>r Xwgao bZ Ho$bo. Vo _{XamVrb
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 70

{Z`-Z{_{mH$ nyOm-nmR> `mgmaIo H$m` `WmgmJ H$$ bmJbo. `mMr ~Xbr

Ah_XZJabm Pmbr. Vohm `mZr EH$mbm Vr O~m~Xmar gmondyZ Amnbo H$V`
nyU Ho$bo. eodQ>r noeZ KoD$Z Vo Zm{eH$bm Ambo. `mZr Xm_{XamMm Q>Q>
~Z{dbm.
Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mZr Amnbo H$V` nyU H$$Z gZ 1969 _`o
Xoh`mJ Ho$bm. `mMo {MaOrd S>m. {XZH$a ndBbm Am`. Am`.Q>r. _`o ZmoH$ar
H$arV hmoVo. AmVm Vo noeZ KoD$Z Zm{eH$bm Ambo AmhoV d _R-_{XamMr godm
H$arV AmhoV.
***
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMr ^{d`dmUr
1. lr_hmamOmZm EH$ ^$mZo {dMmabo H$s, Xoem`m dV`mgmR>r
gmYw-gV _XV H$arV ZmhrV. _J Amnbm Xoe H$Yr dV
hmoUo e` Amho H$m ? hmoUma Agob Va Ho$hm Am{U H$gm ?
Vohm lr_hmamOmZr {dgm`m eVH$m`m gwadmVrbmM
gm{JVbo H$s, ho BJO bmoH$ \$Q>mH$m Z dmOVmM qhXwVmZ
gmoSy>Z {ZKyZ OmVrb. hrM Am_Mr _XV g_Om. hr
^{d`dmUr Iar R>abr.
*
2. lr_hmamOmZr `m doir Xwgar ^{d`dmUr Ho$br hmoVr H$s,
BJO Am_`m AmnbonUm~amo~a YZ, gnmr d d^d {hamdyZ
KoD$Z Jobo, Var AmnU H$Yr Zm H$Yr Vo naV {_idy eHy$.
naVw `m BJOr am`mV Amnbr XmZV (g`{Z>m) AWmV
Am`g H$Vr Jobr, Va Vr naV {_i{dUo Ae` Amho.
AmnU AmO `m ^{d`dmUrMm AZw^d KoV AmhmoV.
Zm{eH$Mo Xm_{Xa / 71

11. A{^Z n{VdVm : AmBgmho~

gm. OmZH$s~mB AmBgmho~ `m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m O_^a I`m
AZwJm{_Zr am{h`m hmo`m. `m gn Kam`mVyZ Am`m hmo`m. `m Ym{_H$ d
lmiy hmo`m. ~rS>H$a Kam`mV Am`mda Amn`m gmgy`m d nVr`m
AmdS>`m ~Z`m.
lr_hmamOmMr amhUr gnmr {_iob Ver ~XbV Jobr, naVw `mZr
Amnbm nM gm^miV nVr`m BN>oZwgma `mZm gmW Ho$br. lr_hmamO ho
H$Yr `mnmam`m {Z{_mmZo Va H$Yr {dbmgm`m AmH$fUm_`o ~wSy>Z OmV,
naVw AmBgmho~mZr ^mS>U VQ>m Ho$bm Zmhr. `m JhW-Y_mMo nmbZ H$a`m_`o
d Y_-H$_m`m Jmo>r_`o JH$ hmoV AgV.
lr_hmamO gXJw$Mo H$nm-nm Pm`mda ggmamnmgyZ {da$ Pmbo.
`mZr dV:bm Xoh-maYmda gmoSy>Z {Xbo. Vohm KamV Q>MmBMo MQ>Ho$ ~gy
bmJbo. _J AmBgmho~ AYyZ_YyZ Amn`m nVr`m ZmH$V}nUmda gVmnV.
Varhr `mZr nM {Z^mdyZ Zobm.
AmBgmho~mZm VrW-`mm \$ma AmdS>V. lr_hmamO Oohm `mZm
VrW`mogmR>r ZoV, Vohm `mZm AmZX dmQ>o. KamVrb gUdma, Ym{_H$ Cgd,
ho `m _moR>m AmZXmZo gmOao H$arV.
nw-mr Z Pm`m_wio `m Xw:Ir AgV. EImXo _yb XmH$ Ko`mgmR>r
`m Vi_iV AgV, naVw lr_hmamOmZr Hw$Umbmhr XmH$ KoVbo Zmhr. dm_Z
Zmam`U {~~rH$a `m _wbmg lr_hmamO Kar KoD$Z Ambo hmoVo, naVw Vmo Adoir
dmabm. AmBgmho~mZr lr_hmamOm`m {e`mZm d ^$mZmM Amnbr _wbo _mZyZ
Amn`m dmg`mMm dfmd `m`mda Ho$bm.
AmBgmho~mMo OrdZ lr_hmamOmMo MaUr g_{nV Pmbo hmoVo. `mMo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 72

lr_hmamOmda {OdmnmS> o_ hmoVo. lr_hmamO Oohm Z gmJVm KamVyZ {ZKyZ OmV

Vohm `mZm MZ nS>V Zgo. lr_hmamO AMmZH$nUo Z_Xm-n[aH$_og {ZKyZ Jobo,
Vohm `mMm Vnmg H$arV `m Am|H$maodabm Jo`m Am{U `mMm nmR>bmJ H$arV
n[aH$_o`m _mJmda OmD$ bmJ`m. \$maJra Jmogmdr, Q>oH$S>rdaMm Jmogmdr,
B`mXr bmoH$mZr g_OyV H$mT>`mda `m naV `oD$Z `mMr dmQ> nmhmV am{h`m.
lr_hmamO n[aH$_m AmQ>monyZ Am|H$maodabm Am`mMr ~mV_r `oVmM `m
Am|H$maodabm Jo`m Am{U `mZm Kar KoD$Z Am`m. VgoM Oohm lr_hmamO Z
gmJVm AmiXr-Xohg Jobo, Vohm ~mV_r H$iVmM qMMdS>bm Jo`m Am{U
`mZm KoD$Z Am`m.
H$YrH$Yr amoO `m lr_hmamOmer ^mS>V. EH$Xm gyZ XodimV OmD$Z
~g`m. lr_hmamOmZr H$mH$mgmho~ {ZamoIoH$a `mZm nmR>dyZ ~mobmdbo. `m
Am`m ZmhrV. Oohm `mZr {Zamon nmR>{dbm H$s, Vwhr Ambm ZmhrV Va _rM
Vwhmbm `m`bm `oBZ . Vo EoH$VmM `m bJ~JrZo CRy>Z hUm`m, ZH$mo, ZH$mo.
`m H$S>H$S>`m ChmV `mMo nm` ^mOVrb. _rM `oV.o `m bJoM naV Am`m.
AmBgmho~ `m ^JdmZ {d>b-p_Ur`m ^$ hmo`m. `m AZ`
^$s_wio `m dV:M A{YH$m[aUr Pm`m hmo`m. lr_hmamOmg_doV Zm{eH$bm
aodoZo OmVmZm `m`m S>`mV H$mim-gmdim EH$ {YnmS> _mUyg lr_hmamOmZm
^oQ>`mg Ambm. `mZr {dMmabo H$s, H$m` H$m_ Amho, ~m~m ? Vmo hUmbm,
_r Amn`mbm ^oQ>m`bm XmS>hZ Ambmo Amho. Vo hUmbo, R>rH$ Amho. `o.
naVw Vmo hUmbm H$s, _r _mJ`m S>`mV ~gVmo. AmnUmg ZVa ^oQ>oZ. Vmo
{ZKmbm Va AmBgmho~mZr `mbm Z_H$ma Ho$bm. EH$m ^$mZo {dMmabo H$s,
Vwhr H$moUmbm Z_H$ma Ho$bmV ? Vohm `m hUm`m, {d>bmbm. bmoH$mZr
emoY KoVbm. JXu ZhVr, naVw Vmo {Xgbm Zmhr. `j ^JdmZ {d>b XeZ
Xo`mg Ambm hmoVm Am{U AmBgmho~mZr `mbm AmoiIyZ Z_H$ma Ho$bm hmoVm.
AmBgmho~mZr Amn`m Am_YwX \$H$sa ~Zbo`m nVrMm ggma O_^a
{Z>oZo gm^mibm. `m n{VdVm Am` r`m AmXe hmo`m. gm^m` AgVmZm
lr_hmamOm`m nyduM lmdU ew f>r, eH$$ 1833 (gZ 1911) amoOr
A{^ n{VdVm : lrAmBgmho~ / 73

{df_damZo nabmoH$s Jo`m. `mMm A`gH$ma lr_hmamOmMo Cmam{YH$mar

AmUmgmho~ ~hVwbo `mZr Ho$bm.
lrgXJw$ dmgwXodmZV gadVr D$\$ lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo ho
~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo {e`mom_ hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZr Amnbm Am`mp_H$ R>odm
lr~m~m _hmamOmZm {Xbm hmoVm. ~m~m _hmamO ho AmBgmho~mZm `j Amnbr
O_Xmr AmB _mZV AgV. `mZr Xoh-`mJ Ho$bm, Vohm ~m~m nw`mV ZhVo.
`mZm nmZo H$i{dbo. Vohm Vo AmBgmho~ Jo`m`m Xhm`m {Xder nw`mV
nmohmoMbo. AmBgmho~ Jo`m_wio lr~m~m _hmamO BVHo$ Xw:Ir Pmbo hmoVo H$s `m
Xw:Im_wio JnJn am{hbo. AmBgmho~mZm {VbmObr XoD$Z bmoH$ Oohm naV
Ambo, Vohm ~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr gdmZm OodyZ Ko`mg gm{JVbo. lr~m~mZm
Oodm`bm gm{JVbo. Vohm Vo hUmbo, AmnU Ammm`m Ammm AmBgmho~mMo
XeZ KS>dm, VaM _r OodU KoBZ. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr VhoVhoZo g_OmdyZ
gm{JVbo, naVw `mZr _m` Ho$bo Zmhr. eodQ>r lr_hmamO gVmnbo, {e`mMm
^{S>_ma H$$ bmJbo. Vo amJmdyZ hUmbo, _yIm, _obobm _mUyg naV `oV
Zmhr, EdT>r AH$bgwm Vwbm Zmhr ? Varhr ~m~m h> Y$Z ~gbo. lr_hmamO
amJmd`m~b {g hmoVo. Varhr `mZr BVamZm gm{JVbo H$s, Vwhr OodyZ
`m. amdgmho~ doS>m Amho. `m`mgmR>r Wm~y ZH$m. Vo d:hr Oodm`bm Jobo
ZmhrV.
gdmMo ^moOZ Pm`mda lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo H$s, AmV {VKmMr
nmZo `m Am{U gdOU ~mhoa `m. _r `mbm Oody KmbVmo. nmZo _mS>br Jobr.
Vohm lr_hmamO amdgmho~mZm hUmbo, Vwbm AmBMo XeZ `m`Mo Amho Zm ?
{V`m~amo~a Ooderb Zm ? lr~m~m _hmamO AmV OmD$Z nmQ>mda ~gbo.
lr_hmamOmZr d`nmH$KamMo Xma ~X Ho$bo Am{U dV: ~m~m _hmamOmMoOdi
~gbo. ~m~mZr lr_hmamOmMo nm` Yabo Am{U H$idiyZ hUmbo H$s, _bm
AmBgmho~mMo XeZ KS>dm. lr_hmamOmZm Amn`m ^mo`m {e`mMm h> nmhZ
J{hd$Z Ambo. `mZr `mZm AmqbJZ {Xbo Am{U Hw$admiV hQ>bo, amdgmho~
hm _mPm _moVrXmUm Amho. `mMo _Z _bm amIbo nm{hOo. Am{U `mZr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 74

AmBgmho~mZm hmH$ _mabr. Ahmo, ho ~Km, Vw_Mm doS>m _wbJm Vw_`m{edm`

OodV Zmhr. VwhrM `oD$Z `mbm g_OmdyZ gmJm.
lr_hmamOmZr Ho$bo`m AmdmhZm_wio `j AmBgmho~ gJwU $n
KoD$Z, OarMr gmS>r ZogyZ Am{U Xm{JZo KmbyZ gObo`m OJ_mVo_mUo H$Q>
Pm`m. `m ~m~m _hmamOm`mOdi ~g`m. Vo `m`m nm`mda Aly T>miy
bmJbo. AmBgmho~mZr `mZm Odi KoD$Z d Hw$admiyZ emV Ho$bo. _J dV:`m
hmVmZo `mZm Oody KmVbo. OodU Pm`mda `m hUm`m, Iw`m, _obo`m
_mUgmbm naV ~mobdVm `oVo H$m` ? _J Vy Agm doS>m h> H$m H$aVmog ? _m`m
nmK$Z AkmZmV emoY`mMm VwPm hm h> lrgXJw$Mr H$nm Pm`mda Vwbm
emo^V Zmhr. nM_hm^yVm_H$ hm Xoh H$Yr Zm H$Yr gmoS>mdmM bmJVmo. `m`m
nbrH$S>o Am`mMo A{dZmer $n Amho. `m_`o `mZ bmd. Agm CnXoe
XoD$Z `m A` Pm`m. lr~m~m _hmamOmZr lr_hmamOm`m nm`r bmoQ>mJU
KmVbo. `mZr `mZm CMbyZ {_R>r _mabr Am{U hQ>bo, amdgmho~, AmO _r
_mPo gdd Vwbm XoD$Z Q>mH$bo Amho. AmVm AmnUm XmoKmV V Cabo Zmhr. VwPm
gnyU AhH$ma _r KoVbm Amho.
Xoh`mJmZVa {ZgJmMm AQ>i {Z`_ _moSy>Z AmBgmho~ Amn`m `m
_wbmgmR>r gJwU d$nmV H$Q> Pm`m Am{U `mZr Amn`m hmVmZr _moR>m
o_mZo `mZm ^a{dbo.
Y` Amho ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm H$nmiynUm, Y` Amho AmBgmho~mMr
dgbVm Am{U Y` Amho lr~m~m gh~wo _hmamOmMr ^{$-^mdwH$Vm.
***

A{^ n{VdVm : lrAmBgmho~ / 75

12. nmhVm `oB H$go ?

AmBgmho~mZr 1911 _`oo Xoh`mJ Ho$bm. `mZVa lr_hmamO Amn`m
bmoH$mZm `mdhm[aH$ d nma_m{WH$ CnXoe XoD$ bmJbo. bmoH$mZr Amnbr CZVr
H$$Z `mdr, Ago `mZm dmQ>V Ago. `mMr H$miOr `mZm eodQ>n`V dmQ>V
Ago. H$Yr Vo hUV H$s, AmVm Amhr OmUma. Va H$Yr Vo hUV, am_H$UmXr AdVmar nwfmZmhr Omdo bmJVo, hUyZ hm Xoh H$Yr Zm H$Yr OmUmaM.
Amn`m bmoH$mZm AmdmgZ XoV Vo gmJV, Vw_Mo OrdZ `W OmUma Zmhr.
{ZM`mZo, o_mZo d gmdYnUmZo gd H$mhr nyUdmg nmdVo. {ddmgnydH$ {Z`
hiyhiy A`mg H$amdm. gd H$mhr XoUmam Vmo EH$ na_m_mM hmo`. `m`m{edm`
`m OJmV Xwgao H$mhr Zmhr.
lr_hmamOmZm _yi`mYrMo OwZo XwIUo hmoVo. Vo `mZr Z_Xm-n[aH$_o`m
doir EH$m ~mUmbm Xw:ImnmgyZ _w$ H$$Z Ko`mgmR>r dV:da AmoTdy>Z KoVbo
hmoVo. \$ma `mVZm_wio Vo Jn nSy>Z amhmV. H$Yr a$ dmhZ Jo`mda Ae$nUm
`oB. eodQ>r-eodQ>r `mZm bKdrMm mg hmoD$ bmJbm. _`oM Vo A~o,A~o,
gXJw$, gXJw$, Aer hmH$ _marV. {X. 31 _mM 1913 amoOr Vo Km~ao-Kw~ao
Pmbo. gH$mir S>m. ^mJdV Ambo. `mZr AmfY nmR>{dVmo Ago gm{JVbo, Vohm
lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, Vwhmbm R>mD$H$ AmhoM H$s Amhmbm {dXoer AmfY
MmbV Zmhr. S>mQ>a hUmbo, _r nmdS>a nmR>{dVmo. Ja_ nm`m~amo~a `m.
lr_hmamO AH$mohmobMo {dXoer AmfY KoV ZgV. Vo ^wHw$Q>r_`o `mZ bmdyZ
nSy>Z am{hbo. _Jidmar 1E{b 1913 amoOr (\$mJwZ d Xe_r, eH$$
1834) Xwnmar ~mam dmO`m`m gw_mamg `mMr mU`moVr AZV ~m_`o
{dbrZ Pmbr. `mZr H$mhr g`mg KoVbm ZhVm, hUyZ `mMm A`gH$ma
Xwg`m {Xder Ho$bm Jobm. `m_wio `mMo {e`-^$JUhr `ooD$ eH$bo. _w~B,
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 76

R>mUo, H$`mU, Zm{eH$ B`mXr {R>H$mUmhZhr ^$ Ambo.

Vo Jo`mMo Hw$Umbm H$iboM Zmhr. H$Yr bmoH$mZm `mZr hQbo hmoVo
H$s, Amhr Ho$hm OmD$. `mMm Vwhmbm nmmgwm bmJUma Zmhr. Am{U
AgoM Pmbo. W|~ gmJamV {_giyZ OmVmo, Vohm Vmo H$gm ~ao {Xgob ? q~Xy
gmJam {_io, Vmo H$gm ~ao {Xgo?
lr_hmamOmZr XmH$ KoVbm ZhVm, naVw AmUmgmho~ ~hVwbo `mZm
Amnbm Cmam{YH$mar _mZbo hmoVo. Vo gZ 1903 nmgyZ lr_hmamOm`m godogmR>r
_R>mV amhmV hmoVo. AmUmgmho~mZr AmBgmho~mMohr A`gH$ma Ho$bo hmoVo. `mZr
lr_hmamOmMohr Ho$bo. lr_hmamOm`m ZVa R>rH$ 12 df} _moR>m H$me`mZo
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm _R> `mZr Mmb{dbm. `mZr _moR>m {Z>oZo nyOm-nmR>
gUdma B`mXr _R>m`m nanao_mUoo Mmb{dbo Am{U gZ 1925 amoOr Amn`m
gXJw$`m nw`{VWr {XderM Xoh R>odbm. `mZr nmM {ddVmMo S>rS> Ho$bo.
`m bmoH$mZr _R>mMo H$m_ nwT>o Mmby R>odbo. AmVm Zdo Q>Q>r AmhoV. `mZr _R>mg
ZdrZ $n {Xbo Amho.
***

lram_mZX CdmM
earamMr __Vm hr `moJ_mJmV {dZ AmUVo. Vr __Vm
EImm {d{e> _mJmZo Xya hmoVo, Ago hUVm `oV Zmhr. `mbm
Omo _mJ gmo`rMm dmQ>ob, `mZo Vmo drH$mamdm. H$moU`mhr `_{Z`_m`m ^mZJS>rV Z nS>Vm, Xoh-maY ho ^moJyZM gn{dbo
nm{hOo. gwI {_imo AJa Xw:IM gmogmdo bmJmo, hUyZ maY
^moJ`mMm hm gH$n Ho$bm nm{hOo.

nmhVm `oB H$g o? / 77

13. Y` hm XmVm
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO ho Amn`m {e`m`m-^$m`m H$`mUmMr H$miOr
KoV. H$Yr Vo o_mZo g_OmdyZ gmJyZ, H$Yr EImXr Jmo> gmJyZ, H$Yr gVmnyZ,
H$Yr {e`m XoD$Z, Va H$Yr >mV XoD$Z bmoH$mZm bm{H$H$ d nma_m{WH$ Jmo>tMo
ah` gmJV AgV. Vo Amn`mOdiMo gd H$mhr Xo`mg V`ma AgV. `oH$
OU Amn`m narZo `Z H$ar, naVw `m H$gmoQ>rbm CVaUo gmono Zgo. _m Vo
X`miy Amn`mnarZo bmoH$mZm OrdZmMo JyT> gmJUmao Jw$ hmoVo.
Xm_moXa XoenmS>o
\$bQ>U ({O.gmVmam) `oWrb Xm_moXa q~H$ XoenmS>o ho bhmZnUmnmgyZM
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m gm{Z`mV Ambo. lrXmmo`mMo AdVma Agbobo
AH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W `mMo EH$ _wI {e` harH$mH$m ho {dXohr
gnwf \$bQ>Ubm amhmV hmoVo. VoWrb ~mUJJo`m nbrH$S>rb VQ>mda `mMr
g_mYr Amho. g_mYr`m_mJo harH$mH$m `mMr _moR>r Vg~ra Q>mJbobr Amho.
Xm_moXa XoenmS>o ho bhmZnUr amoO gH$mir g_mYr`m XeZmg OmV AgV d
VoWZy Amnbo {ejH$ ~mim^mD$ {ZamoIHo $a (XmmonV {ZamoIHo $amMo ^mD$) `m`mH$S>o
OmV. EHo$ {Xder Xm_moXa hm g_mYr`m XeZmg Jobm. Vohm VoWrb Vg{~ar_`o
harH$mH$m`m EodOr YmoVa Zogbobo d _mS>r KmbyZ ~gbobo XwgaoM H$moUrVar
gmYw-nwf {Xgbo. S>moio MmoiyZ `mZr nm{hbo Vohm harH$mH$m {Xgbo. Z_H$ma
H$$Z _VH$ da Ho$bo, Vohm nwhm Vo AZmoiIr nwf {Xgbo. Ago VrZ-Mma
doim KS>bo. Vo M{H$V hmoD$Z ~mim^mD$`m Kar Ambo. ~mim^mD$ ho lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOmMo {e` hmoVo. ZwH$VoM Vo gXJw$Mo XeZ KoD$Z nw`mhZ Ambo hmoVo.
~amo~a `mZr gXJw$Mm \$moQ>mo AmUbm hmoVm. Vmo nmhVmM Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mZo
AmoiIbo H$s harH$mH$m`m OmJr {Xgbobo hoM Vo gmYy hmoV. `mZr ~mim^mD$Zm
hr Jmo> gm{JVbr. ~mim^mD$ hUmbo, Aao, ho nw`mMo lram_mZX ~rS>H$a
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 78

_hmamO hmoV. VwPm `m`mer H$mhr F$UmZw~Y {XgVmo`. `mZr Vwbm ~mobmdbo
Amho, Ago dmQ>Vo. nwT>`m doir Vy _m`m~amo~a nw`mg `o.
H$mhr {Xdgm Z V a ~mim^mD$ `m `m~amo o ~ a Xm_mo X a Xo e nm S > o ho
lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Jobo. Vohm `mZr _moR>m o_mZo `mMr MmH$er Ho$br Am{U
{dMmabo, Vy _m`mH$S>o amhmVmog H$m? AmBMr nadmZJr {_im`mda Vo
nw`mV lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Ambo. `mMo {ejU lr_hmamOmZr Ho$bo. _Q>rH$
Pm`mda lr_hmamOmZr `mMo bZ Zm{eH$`m {dUwnV _mV `m`m _wbrer
Ho$bo. `mZr Xm_moXabm Amnbm _wbJm _mZbo. `mMo Zmd EH$ZmW am_M
~rS>H$a Ago R>odbo. nwT>o {dUwnV _mV `mZr Zm{eH$bm Xm_{Xa ~Z{dbo.
Vohm `mMr O~m~Xmar lr_hmamOmZr Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mZm gmon{dbr.
EH$Xm Xm_moXa XoenmS>o ho \$bQ>Ubm Jobo hmoVo, BV`mV BH$S>o nw`mV
lr_hmamO g_m{YW Pmbo. Xm_moXanVmZm H$moUr H$i{dbo Zmhr. dmnmVyZ
Oohm hr ~mV_r {_imbr, Vohm Vo nw`mbm YmdV Ambo. `mZr {dMmabo H$s,
_bm H$m H$i{dbo Zmhr ? Vohm VoWrb bmoH$ hUmbo H$s, Vwhr H$moU ?
lr_hmamOm`m nw`mVrb _R>mV Xm_moXanVmZm H$moUVohr WmZ Cabo
Zmhr. AmB-~{hUr-nZr `m gnyU Hw$Qw~mMr O~m~Xmar `m`mda hmoVr Am{U
CnOr{dHo$Mo H$moUVohr gmYZ ZhVo. H$moR>o ZmoH$ar {_imbr Va bmoH$ VH$ma H$arV
H$s hm ImoQ>o Zmd bmdVmo`, ZmoH$ar gwQ>o. mgyZ Vo EH$ {Xdg lrgV EH$ZmW
_hmamOm`m nR>Ubm Jobo. Vo lrEH$ZmW _hmamOm`m KamOdi Pmonbo AgVmZm
amr dZ nS>bo. lr_hmamOmZr dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, dooS>onUm H$$
ZH$mog. Zm{eH$bm Om. gd H$mhr R>rH$ hmoBb.
lr_hmamOm`m Amko_mUo Xm_moXanV Zm{eH$bm Ambo. {dUwnV _mV
`mZm AmZX Pmbm. `mZm Zm{eH$mV ZmoH$arhr {_imbr. _J `mZr VoWo {~hmS>
Ho$bo. Vo {Z>mnydH$ Xm_{XamV godm H$$ bmJbo.
gZ 1925 lr_hmamOmMr nw`{VWr Ambr. Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mZm
lr_hmamOmZr dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, `mdfu nw`mV _mPr nw`{VWr
gmOar hmoUma Zmhr. Vohm Vy `oWoM Zm{eH$_`o H$a. Xm_moXa XoenmS>mZr
Zm{eH$bm nw`{VWr Ho$br. _hmgmX Pmbm. nw`m`m _R>mg H$i{dbo. gdOU
M{H$V Pmbo, H$maU nw`{VWr`m {XderM AmUmgmho~ ~hVwbo H$bmgdmgr
Y` hm XmVm / 79

Pmbo hmoVo. `m_wio VoWo nw`{VWr H$aVm Ambr Zmhr. hr Jmo> XoenmS>mZm Hw$Ur
H$i{dbr ?
`m doir AmUIr EH$ {dbjU Jmo> KS>br. nw`{VWrgmR>r Iyn bmoH$
Ambo. ~mOmamVyZ CYma _mb AmUyZ XwnQ> ^moOZ ~Zdmdo bmJbo. H$mhr
{XdgmZVa XwH$mZXma CYmargmR>r Ambm. ngm Hw$Ry>Z AmUm`Mm ? Xm_moXa XoenmS>o
`m`m _ZmV Ambo H$s, lr_hmamOm`m AmkoZo `dWm Ho$br hmoVr, AmVm
VoM nV amIVrb, Ago hUyZ `mZr lr_hmamOm`m JmXrdarb MmXa PQ>H$br
Va ~mdrg $n`o Xhm AmUo nS>bo. `oD$Z ~gbo`m XwH$mZXmambm CYmar {dMmabr
Va `mZo ~mdrg n`o Xhm AmUo CYmar Ag`mMo gm{JVbo. CYmar XoD$Z
Q>mH$br. lr_hmamOmMr brbm Xwgao H$m` ?
XoenmSo `mMm _wbJm amhb
XoenmS>o `mMm _moR>m _wbJm amhb hm 5-6 dfmMm AgVmZmM dmabm.
Vmo ~S>~S>m d h>r hmoVm. Vmo dmadma AmOmar nS>o. EHo$ {Xder amr 10 dmOVm
`mZo h> Yabm H$s, _wabrYa H$UmMo {M hdo. hr 1930 `m nyduMr Jmo>
Amho. `m H$mir drO ZhVr. amr 7-7&& bmM XwH$mZo ~X hmoV AgV. `mbm
VhoVhoZo gmJyZ nm{hbo, naVw Vmo h> Y$Z AmoaSy> bmJbm. Vohm `mbm
{dMmabo H$s, EdT>m amr {M Hw$R>o {_iUma ? Vmo hUmbm, JJoH$mRr
{_iob. Xm_moXa XoenmS>o VoWo Jobo. VoWo EH$ _mUyg {Xdm bmdyZ {Mo {dH$V
~gbm hmoVm. {M {dH$V KoV`mda `mbm {dMmabo H$s, BV`m amr Vy
EH$Q>m H$gm H$m` ~gbm Amhog ? Vmo hUmbm, Hw$UrVar `oD$Z gm{JVbo
hmoVo H$s {M {dH$V Ko`mgmR>r Hw$UrVar `oBb, Vmon`V Wm~. `m N>moQ>m
amhb_`o ho OmU`mMr e$s H$moRy>Z Ambr hmoVr ? `m`m_mJo lr_hmamOmMr
brbm hmoVr H$m` ?
Zm{eH$`m Xm_{XamV Hw$Ur nw`mhZ Ambm H$s amhb lr_hmamOm`m
_mUo doMH$ {e`mMm ^{S>_ma H$am`Mm. {e`m XoVmZm `mMr bH$~
lr_hmamOm`mgmaIr Agm`Mr. EH$Xm Xm_moXanVmZr `mbm {dMmabo, eodQ>r
Vy H$moU Amhog Var H$moU? Vmo hUmbm, Amhr H$moUrhr Agy. Vwbm H$m`
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 80

\$aH$ nS>Vmo` ? AmOmanUmV EHo$ {Xder `mZo Xmm`m nmXwH$m AmU`mg

gm{JV`m d `m Amn`m X`r Y$Z mU gmoS>bm.
{XZH$a XoenmS>o
Xm_moXa XoenmS>o ho H$mer-`mo`m doir _wbmgmR>r H$mer-{ddodambm
Zdg ~mobbo hmoVo, `m_mUo gZ 1931 _`o `mZm _wbJm Pmbm. `mMo Zmd
{XZH$a D$\$ {ddZmW Ago R>odbo. `mbm ^mD$ Agohr h>UV AgV. Zdg
\o$S>`mgmR>r `mMr _wO H$merbm OmD$Z H$a`mV Ambr. _wOr`m doir Oohm
AVanmQ> Yabm, Vohm Xm_moXanVmZm {Xgbo H$s {edqbJmgh `j lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO C^o AmhoV.
`mM {XZH$abm 1941 _`o _moR>m Vmn Ambm. Vmo XmoZ {Xdg ~oew
hmoVm. dS>rb Xm_moXanV Cemer ~gyZ On H$arV hmoVo. amr XmoZ`m gw_mamg
XodKamVrb \$moQ>mo_YyZ lr_hmamOmZr H$Q> hmoD$Z Amnbm COdm hmV `m`m
S>mo`mda R>odbm Am{U Vo {XgoZmgo Pmbo. {XZH$a bJoM ewrda Ambm. dZmV
`mbm EH$ AmH$mi-{dH$mi Xodr Amnbm O~S>m ng$Z {JiyZ Q>mH$m`bm
Ambr Amho, Ago {Xgbo. EdT>mV lr_hmamOmZr `oD$Z {VMm hmV nH$S>bm.
`mM doir {XZH$a ~am hmoD$ bmJbm.
AT>i lm
Xmmo n V {Zamo I o H $a `m `m~amo ~ a _w H w $ X _mo K o ho g w m go d o g mR> r
lr_hmamOm`mOdi amhmV AgV. Zm{eH$`m amOmohm`m H$maWmZm`m
IQ>`mV nmobrg _wHw$X _moKo `mZm nH$Sy>Z KoD$Z Jobo. `m doir {ZamoIoH$a VoWo
ZhVo. naV Am`mda Oohm `mZm g_Obo Vohm Vo Km~abo H$s, AmVm
nmobrg _bmhr nH$Sy>Z ZoVrb d _m$Z-~XSy>Z hdm Vmo O~m~ KoVrb. `mMr
AdWm nmhZ lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, VwPo _Z AdW Amho, Vohm Vy MmaAmR> {Xdg _w~Bbm Om. Vo _w~Bbm Amnbo {_ ^mJdVm`mH$S>o Jobo. H$mhr
{XdgmZVa ~m~mgmho~ H$d} `mZm H$ibo H$s lr_hmamOm`mda nH$S> dmaQ>
{ZKmbo Amho. `mZr hr ~mV_r lr_hmamOmZm OmD$Z H$i{d`mg gm{JVbo.
{ZamoIoH$a _w~BhZ nw`mg Ambo. Vo gai lr_hmamOm`m Kar Z OmVm `mMo
Y` hm XmVm / 81

^$ Agbo`m AmUmgmho~ Jwo `m`mH$S>o Jobo. Vohm Jwo hUmbo, _r

g`mH$mir lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Jobmo hmoVmo. `mZr EH$ Jmo> gm{JVbr H$s EH$m JmdmV ^JdmZ {edmMo _{Xa hmoVo. EH$ lr_V _mUyg VoWo `oD$Z
{ed{bJmMr fmoS>emonMma nyOm H$ar. `mZVa Xwnmar ~mam`m gw_mamg EH$
JwamIr Vm|S>mV nmUr KoD$Z `oB. Vmo nyOm H$mTyZ Q>mH$s. Myi {edqbJmda Q>mHy$Z
e^mo ha ha Aer Amamoir XoD$Z {ZKyZ OmB. EH$Xm nmdVrZo {edmbm
{dMmabo, Vwhmbm KmUoaS>m Jmo>r AmdS>VmV. Vmo lr_V _mUyg Vw_Mr MmJbr
nyOm H$aVmo, nU Vwhr `m`mda g hmoV Zmhr. Vmo JwamIr Vm|S>mVbr Myi
Vw_`mda Q>mH$Vmo, Varhr Vwhr `mbm {ejm H$arV Zmhr. Vohm {ed hUmbm,
_r \$$ ew Jmo>rM drH$maVmo, ho H$mhr {XdgmVM Vwbm nQ>ob.
H$mhr {XdgmZVa Vmo lr_V _mUyg nyOogmR>r Ambm, BV`mV _{Xamda
JS>JS>mQ> Pmbm. d$Z XJS> nSy> bmJbo. _{Xa nS>Uma `m ^rVrZo Vmo _mUyg
niyZ Jobm. Xwnmar ~mam dmObo Vohm Vmo JwamIr Ambm. nwhm JS>JS>mQ> hmoD$Z
_moR>o XJS> nSy> bmJbo. `mbm dmQ>bo H$s, {edqbJ \w$Q>bo Va _r Cm Hw$UmMr
nyOm H$aUma d H$er H$aUm ? H$mhrhr Pmbo Va ho dmM{dbo nm{hOo. Ago
hUyZ Vmo {edqbJmbm H$dQ>miyZ nSy>Z am{hbm. Jmo> nwar Pm`mda lr_hmamO
hUmbo, {Z>m Aer Agmdr.
AmUmgmho~mMo EoH$`mda {ZamoIoH$amZm C_Jbo H$s lr_hmamOmZr hr
Jmo> _m`mgmR>r gm{JVbr Amho. Vo lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Ambo Am{U `mZm
dmaQ>Mr ~mV_r gm{JVbr. lr_hmamOmZr emVnUo Mhm KoVbm Am{U hUmbo,
Am_Mo H$m` ? BWo amhm``mEodOr VwJmV amh. ~mV_r ^`H$a hmoVr, naVw
Vo Oamgwm S>J_Jbo ZmhrV. Hw$Umbm H$mhrM Pmbo Zmhr. _wHw$X _moKo hohr {ZXm}f
gwQ>bo. AT>i {Z>mM _Zw`mbm gH$Q>mVyZ ~mhoa H$mT>Vo.
JJy~mBMr Jw{Z>m
Zm{eH$bm lrZmam`U _hmamO MmXmoaH$a ZmdmMo _moR>o {g-nwf hmoVo.
Vo JmoXmdar`m Vramda {dXohr ZZmdWoV nSy>Z AgV. JJy~mB ZmdmMr EH$
H$bmdVrU `mMr {e`m hmoVr. Vr amoO `m`mnmer `oD$Z `mZm MmJ`m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 82

Jmbr`mda ~gdr Am{U Vmg^a Amn`m JmoS> AmdmOmV `mZm ^{$nXo

EoH$dr.
EHo$ {Xder Zm{eH$Mm BJO H$boQ>a Amn`m _>>_~amo~a ZXrH$mR>r
{\$am`bm Ambm. VoWo ZZmdWoV nS>bobo lrZmam`U _hmamO `mbm {Xgbo.
`mZo `mZm Zm{eH$nmgyZ Xya Hw$R>oVar ZoD$Z R>od`mMm hHy$_ {Xbm. lrZmam`U
_hmamOmZm VoWyZ hbdyZ MmXmoarbm ZoD$Z R>od`mV Ambo. Amn`m Jw$`m
{Z` XeZmg JJy~mB _wH$br. _J Vr Amn`m `O_mZm~amo~a Q>m`mVyZ Xa
Jwdmar MmXmoarbm OmD$ bmJbr Am{U VoWo `mMr godm H$$ bmJbr. `mZr
{VMr VhoVhoZo narjm KoVbr. H$Yr Vo {V`m _mS>rda ~gV, VoWoM emM
H$arV. JJy~mB _moR>m ^$sZo `mZm dN> H$$Z ~gdr d nXo EoH$dr.
EH$Xm lrZmam`U _hmamO `mZr {Vbm {dMmabo H$s, Vy Am_`m_mJo
H$m bmJbr Amhog ? Vwbm H$m` hdo ? Vr hUmbr H$s, _bm Amnbm gJ
hdm. ho EoH$VmM _hmamOmZr {Vbm OmoamZo Wmo~mS>rV _mabr. `mgaer Vr
~oew Pmbr. {VMm `O_mZ nmUr AmU`mg Ymdbm, Vohm _hmamOmZr `mbm
hmV Y$Z ~g{dbo d hQ>bo, {VMm VwPm g~Y gnbm. hdo Va godm H$a. Cm
`mM doir hr ewrda `oBb. _hmamOm`m Amko_mUo Vmo {Vbm KoD$Z Zm{eH$bm
Jobm Am{U {VMr godm H$$ bmJbm.
Vo lrZmam`U _hmamO MmXmoaH$a ho g_m{YW Pm`mda lr~rS>H$a
_hmamO EH$Xm Zm{eH$bm Ambo hmoVo. `m`m XeZmgmR>r JJy~mB Xm_{XamV
Ambr. lr_hmamOmZr {Vbm gm{JVbo H$s, JJy~mB, _r Omon`V BWo Amho,
Vmon`V amoO gmXmbm `oV Om. `m`m Amko_mUo Vr amoO `oV Ago Am{U
^moOZ Pm`mda lr_hmamOmMoOdi ~gyZ nmZ-V~mIy ImD$Z OmV Ago.
EHo$ {Xder lr_hmamO OodUmZVa Amn`m bmoH$mZm hUmbo, Vwhr
{dMmaVm H$s na_mWm_`o Amhr nwT>o H$m OmV Zmhr? `m AmO Vwhmbm
XmI{dVmo ! gdOU VoWo Jobo, `m doir {ZamoIoH$ahr hmoVo. JJy~mB nmZ ImD$Z
V~mIy$ Vm|S>mV Q>mH$V hmoVr, EdT>mV lr_hmamOmZr {dMmabo, JJy~mB,
MmXmoarbm Jobm hmoVm H$m` ? ho EoH$VmM {Vbm aSy> H$mogibo. \w$XV Vr hUmbr,
Y` hm XmVm / 83

MmXmoarV AmVm H$m` ImH$ am{hbr Amho ? _Z Amda`mda S>moio nwgyZ Vr

{ZKyZ Jobr. _J lr_hmamOmZr bmoH$mZm gm{JVbo H$s, ~Km, ho H$go Jwo_.
Oohm Jw$Mo Zmd EoH$VmM aSy> H$mogibo, VohmM na_mWmV nmD$b nwT>o nS>ob.
AhH$mamMo A
lr_hmamO Oohm Zm{eH$`m Xm_{XamV hmoVo, Vohm amoO EImXm ^$
Zdo H$arV Ago. EHo$ {Xder JmoS>~mobo Zmdm`m EH$m JhWmMm Zdo hmoVm.
`mMo dS>rb ~Yy `j lrdm_r g_WmMo {e` hmoVo. `mZm K_|S> hmoVr H$s _r
`j dm_r g_WmMm {e` Amho, _J `m ~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m_`o {deof
H$m` Amho ? `m`m _ZmV hm ^md OmJm hmoVmM lr_hmamO OUy dV:erM
~moby bmJbo. Vo H$moUmer Var ~mobV Ag`mMo OmUdV hmoVo. `mZm Hw$UrVar
Ood`mg _ZmB H$arV hmoVo. lr_hmamO hUV hmoVo, Vmo AmnbmM Amho. ^moOZ
KoV`mZo H$m` hmoUma ? lr_hmamO VH$ H$arV hmoVo, naVw `mZm ^moOZ
H$a`mnmgyZ Hw$UrVar namdm H$arV hmoVo. eodQ>r `m`m Vm|Sy>Z CXJma ~mhoa
nS>bo, hm _m`m N>mVrda ~gbm Amho. _bm CRy> XoUma Zmhr.
^moOZmMr V`mar Pmbr. JmoS>~mobo `mZm ~mobmd`mg Ambo; naVw
lr_hmamOmMr hS>hS>r H$_r hmoV ZhVr. _J Vo hUmbo, _bm OodVm `oUma
Zmhr. Vwhr OodyZ `m. hdoM Agob Va ZdomMo WmoS>ogo XyY AmUm. Vo KmoQ>^a
XyY KoD$Z Pmonbo. `j lrdm_r g_WmZr `mZm AS>{dbo hmoVo Am{U gXJw$Mr
Amkm `mZm _mZmdr bmJbr, Ago dmQ>V hmoVo. JmoS>~mob|`m ImoQ>m AhH$mam_wio
`mMo AZ Ko`mg gXJw$Zr lr_hmamOmZm namdm Ho$bo.
_m{H$ \$H$sa
lr_hmamO Zm{eH$bm hmoVo, Vohm EHo$ {Xder gH$mir Jrda C^o
hmoVo. Imbr a`md$Z EH$ \$H$sa OmV hmoVm. lr_hmamOmZm nm{h`mda Vmo
nm` _mJo-nwT>o H$arV Wm~y bmJbm. `mZr `mbm da ~mobm{dbo. Hw$UrVar {dMmabo
H$s, \$H$sa gmho~, Vw_`mOdi H$mhr _-V Ag`mg XmIdm. `mda
Vmo hUmbm, Vy H$m` ~m Amhog. Vwbm H$m` XmIdm`Mo ? ~m~m ~KV AgVrb
Va XmIdrZ. lr_hmamOmZr gm{JV`mda `mZo EH$m H$mo`m H$mJXmda nopgbrZo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/84

H$mhrVar {b{hbo d Vmo Imbr O{_Zrda R>odbm. `mda _mb PmHy$Z H$mhr _
hQ>bo Am{U _mb H$mTy>Z KoVbm. _J Vmo H$mJX ZmMVZmMV bmoH$m`mH$S>o OmB
Am{U naV {\$ao, Ago ~`mM doim Pmbo. naVw Vmo H$mJX `m bmoH$mZm ne
H$$ eH$bm Zmhr. eodQ>r Vmo \$H$sa lr_hmamOmZm hUmbm, Am_Mr OmXy
Vw_`mgmR>r Zmhr. Am{U `mZo `mZm gbm_ Ho$bm. lr_hmamOmZr `mbm
H$mhr ngo XoD$Z nmR>dyZ {Xbm. Vohm Vo hUmbo, Vmo H$mJX Oa Hw$Umbm
{edbm AgVm Va `mMr _waHw$S>r dibr AgVr. `mZr Amn`m ^mdmZo
\${H$amMr OmXy Hw$MH$m_r H$$Z Q>mH$br hmoVr.
OJbr _hmamO
nw`mV OJbr _hmamO ZmdmMo {gnwf hmoD$Z Jobo. AmO OoWo OJbr
_hmamO aVm Amho, VoWo nydu XmQ> OJb hmoVo d `m_`o Vo amhmV hmoVo. `m_wio
`mMo Zmd OJbr _hmamO Ago nS>bo. EHo$ {Xder lr_hmamO VoWo Jobo. OJbr
_hmamOmZr `mMr narjm Ko`mgmR>r _ \w$H$bm, `mgaer lr_hmamOmMo gnyU
eara AmIS>yZ Jobo. Vo VoWoM AmS>do hmoD$Z Amnbo Amam` _mVrMo _aU H$$
bmJbo. amr JmT> Pmonr OmD$Z gH$mir CRy>Z ~gbo. OJbr _hmamO gH$mir
`mZm nmhZ M{H$V Pmbo d `mZr em~mgH$s {Xbr. VohmnmgyZ Vo lr_hmamOmMm
AmXa H$$ bmJbo.
XeZmgmR>r ^$mZm ~mobmdUoo
R>m`mbm Ho$edamd Jwo ZmdmMo lr_hmamOmMo {e` hmoVo. lr_hmamO
g_m{YW hmo`mnydu VrZ {Xdg Jw`m`m dZmV Ambo. Vo hUmbo, Vwbm
XeZ hdo Zm ? `o, _r Mmbbmo. Jwo `mZr `m dZmH$S>o bj {Xbo Zmhr.
Xwg`m {Xder VgoM dZ nS>bo. Varhr `mZr bj {Xbo Zmhr. {Vg`m
{Xder nwhm dZ nS>bo; Vohm `mZr nw`mH$S>o Ymd KoVbr. AgmM AZw^d
lr_Vr JmoXyVmB Ho$VH$a `mZmhr Ambm. `m`m dZmV `oD$Z lr_hmamO hUmbo,
_r {ZKmbmo, Vy ~gyZ H$m Amhog ?
\${H$amMo CXJma
lr_hmamOmMr ImbmdV Mmbobr AdWm nmhyZ XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a
Y` hm XmVm / 85

{d_ZH$ Pmbo. `m doir Zm{eH$Mo AdYyV ~m~m nw`mV Ambo hmoVo. `mZm
^oQy>Z _Z emV H$a`mgmR>r {ZamoIoH$a Jobo, naVw `mMr ^oQ> Pmbr Zmhr. a`mV
EH$ \$H$sa ^oQ>bm. Vmo hUmbm H$s, Vw`m ~m~mZr ~ao Ho$bo. {nH$bobo \$i
Vw_`mgmR>r PmS>mda {H$Vr H$mi amhmUm a? Abm g~ Hw$N> AN>m H$aZodmbm
h& `mMo ~mob EoHy$Z {ZamoIoH$am`m _Zmbm g_mYmZ bm^bo.
~Jmbr gmYy
lr_hmamO Oohm Zm{eH$bm hmoVo, Vohm `m`mH$S>o EH$ ~Jmbr gmYy
`oV AgV. Vo AH$am-~mam dmOVm `oV Am{U VoWoM OodV AgV. Vo C_Zr
AdWoV amhmV AgV. `m`m nmZmV Oo dmT>bo OmB Vo gd EH$ H$$Z Vo ImV
AgV Am{U C>r nmdi g_moa amhUm`m Jmogm`m`m XmamV \o$H$V AgV. Vmo
AmoaS>m`Mm, {e`m m`Mm. `mMm AmZX KoV d ZH$b H$arV Vo {ZKyZ OmV.
AJmda H$Yr \$$ bJmoQ>r Agm`Mr, Va H$Yr qM`m, H$Yr Zdo YmoVa, eQ> d
H$mo Q > Ago . Vo {g-nw f hmo V o , na V w do S > g anUm YmaU Ho $ bo b m hmo V m.
lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o Am`mda _m Vo Jn AgV. `m`mg_moa ~S>~S> Ho$`mda
Oohm lr_hmamO Jn ~g`mg gmJV, Vohm JwS>`mV S>moHo$ IwngyZ VmgZVmg
Jn ~gV AgV. H$Yr Xwnmar `oV, Va H$Yr g`mH$mir. lr_hmamO \$i, noT>o
Oo Agob Vo `mZm XoV. g`mH$mir AYma ng$ bmJbm H$s Vo dZmV {e$Z
{XgoZmgo hmoV Am{U `moJm`mg H$arV. lr_hmamO _moR>m o_mZo `mMr MmH$er
H$arV. Vo Amn`m {e`-^$mZm hUV H$s, Xod Vw_`mgmR>r `oWo Ka ~g`m
Aem nwfmbm KoD$Z `oVmo.
ajUH$Vm Jw$
XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a (X. b. {ZamoIoH$a) ho lr_hmamOmMo {Z>mdmZ {e`
hmoVo. Vo {ZUmV dH$sb hmoVo. `mZm S>mQ>a qH$dm H$mH$mgmho~ Agohr hUV. Vo
`m H$miMo ~r.E., EbEb. ~r. hmoVo. {ejUmgmR>r Vo Amnbo {_ ^mJdV
`m`mH$S>o R>m`mbm Jobo hmoVo. `mZr A`mgmgmR>r ^mS>mMr Imobr KoVbr
hmoVr. XwXdmZo `m`meoOmar Mmoar Pmbr Am{U {ZamoIoH$am`mda ge` KoVbm
OmD$ bmJbm. nmo{bgmZr `oD$Z `mMr MmH$er Ho$br. Vo Km~$Z Jobo H$s AmVm
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 86

nmobrg _maVrb. `m amr `mZm dZ nS>bo H$s EH$ gmn `m`m_mJo `oV
Amho Am{U Vo niV AmhoV. EdT>mV EH$ _mUyg H$mRr KoD$Z Ambm Am{U
`mZo gmnmbm nidyZ bmdbo. Vmo _mUyg ew^ YmoVa Zogbm hmoVmo Am{U `m
YmoVamMmM EH$ ^mJ AJmda KoVbm hmoVm.
nwT>o XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a ho ^mJdV `m`m~amo~a lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o
Jobo, Vohm `mZm {Xgbo H$s dZmVrb gmnmbm nidyZ bmdUmao hoM JhW
AmhoV. `mnydu `mZr lr_hmamOmZm H$Yrhr nm{hbo ZhVo. `m_wio ^m{dV
hmoD$Z Vo `mMo ^$ ~Zbo. `mZr gZ 1902 _`o am_Zd_r {Xder lr_hmamOmMm
AZwJh KoVbm Am{U dV:bm {ZoZo `m`m MaUr gmon{dbo. EbEb. ~r.
Pm`mda lr_hmamOm`m Amko_mUo `mZr _w~B`m EH$m hm`Hy$b_`o gH$V
{ejH$mMr ZmoH$ar Ho$br. ZVa `m`mM gmJ`md$Z Vo ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z
lr_hmamOm `m Aml`mbm Ambo . lr_hmamOm `m H$R> m o a {eVr_`o
Amn`mH$Sy>Z Jw-godm H$er KS>Uma ? T {Z>m hr H$mhr W>m Zmhr, `m
H$miOrV AgVmZm EH$m amr `mZm dZmV `oD$Z EH$m gmYyZo CnXoe {Xbm
H$s, Jwgodm _moR>r H$R>rU Jmo> Amho. gmn Oohm {~imV {eaVmo, Vohm `mMr
eonQ>r Y$Z AmnU AmoT>m`Mm `Z H$$ bmJbmo H$s eonQ>r VwQ>ob; nU Vmo
~mhoa `oUma Zmhr. _ZmV EdT>m T> {ZM` Agob Va Jwgodm KS>ob. XmmonV
Jw$Mr godm H$$ bmJbo. `m`mH$S>o ~mOmamMo H$m_ Ago. IaoXr_`o lr_hmamO
H$mhr Zm H$mhr Xmof H$mTy>Z BVH$s AmJ nmIS>V H$s aSy> H$mogio, naVw Amn`m
{Z>o_wio XmmonV lr_hmamOmMo bmS>Ho$ Pmbo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZrM `mMo {ddmh
d J^mYmZ ho gH$ma Ho$bo. bZm_wio XmmonVmMr O~m~Xmar dmT>br. ZmoH$ar
Zmhr, {_iH$V Zmhr. gd gmoSy>Z niyZ Omdo, Ago `mZm dmQy> bmJbo. amr
`mZm dZ nS>bo H$s Vo nw`m`m Vwier~mJoVrb am__{XamV Jobo AmhoV
Am{U am_mg_moa `j lr_hmamO C^o AmhoV. Xwg`m {XdgmnmgyZ Vo
lr_hmamOmMr Amkm KoD$Z lram_m`m XeZmbm OmD$ bmJbo.
XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a amr lr_hmamOmZm {dS>m Hw$Q>y>Z XoV AgV. EHo$
{Xder `m`m _ZmV {dMma Ambm H$s gV EH$ZmW _hmamO Amnbo Jw$
Y` hm XmVm / 87

lrOZmXZdm_r `mZm {dS>m Hw$Qy>Z XoV AgV Am{U `mMr {nH$XmUr {nD$Z
Q>mH$sV AgV. _mPm EdT>m A{YH$ma Zmhr, naVw Oa lr_hmamO Amn`m _wImVrb
{dS>m XoVrb Va _r ImBZ. Xmmonmm`m _ZmVrb {dMma lr_hmamOmZr AmoiIbm.
Vo hUmbo, Hw$R>o EH$ZmW Am{U Hw$R>o Vy. Ho$`m{dZm ~mobUo `W Amho.
lr_hmamO C{eam OmJo Pm`mda Xwnmar gw_mao 11 dmOVm ~R>H$sda
`oV AgV. Vohm nyOm Pm`mda Cabobr \w$bo `m`mg_moa R>odbr OmV. Vo `m
\w$bm`m _mim AmodyZ EImm Xodm`m Vg{~arg Kmb`mg gmJV. EHo$ {Xder
nyOoZVa \w$boM Cabr ZmhrV, Vohm `mZr H$UoarMr \w$bo AmU`mg gm{JVbo,
`mda XmmonV hUmbo, _r Jobmo hmoVmo, naVw AmVm VoWo \w$bo ZmhrV. lr_hmamO
hUmbo, Ogo gm{JVbo, Vgo H$a. eodQ>r XmmonV VoWo Jobo, Va {T>JmZo \w$bo
{_imbr. YmoVamV KoD$Z `mdr bmJbr. lr_hmamO hUmbo, H$m`, \w$bo ZhVr
Zm ? AmVm H$moRy>Z Ambr ? AgoM AgVo. Oohm ^JdV XoBb Vohm BVHo$ XoBb
H$s KoD$hr eH$Uma Zmhrg. nwT>o XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a ho nmobrg m{g`wQ>a Pmbo.
^JdVmZo `mZm ^anya {Xbo.
EH$Xm XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mZm _bo[a`m Pmbm Am{U Vmn nwH$i {Xdg
`oV am{hbm. \$ma Ae$nUm Ambm. Ae$ pWVrV Vo H$mhr bmoH$m`m~amo~a
am_Zd_rgmR>r nw`mg {ZKmbo. dmQ>oV Xohbm Om`mMo R>abo, naVw XmmonVmMm
Vmn MT>bm. `mZr Amn`m~amo~a`m _S>itZm nwT>o nmR>{dbo Am{U dV:
lrgV VwH$mam_ _hmamO `m`m {ZdmU-WmZr OmD$Z ~gbo. H$Vr {~KS>br.
`mZm dmQy> bmJbo H$s AmVm _r _aVmo`, BV`mV AmdmO Ambm H$s, _aUma
Zmhrg. H$_-^moJ ^moJV Amhog. hm gXJw$ ~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMm AmdmO
hmoVm. H$maU Amgnmg Hw$Urhr ZhVo. Jw{Z>m T> Agob, Va Hw$R>ohr Jw$Mo
H$nm-N> {_iVo d Vo AmdV H$aVo.
XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mZr Amn`m XmoZ nwV`mMr _wO AmiXrbm H$am`Mo
R>a{dbo. Vo EH$m nwamo{hVmH$S>o CVabo, naVw XmoZ {XdgmZr EH$mXer `oV hmoVr
hUyZ `mZo lrZqgh gadVr (lrdm_r g_WmMo {e`) `m`m _{Xamg_moarb
Y_emioV `mZm AmUyZ gmoS>bo. Vohm XmmonVmZr AmiXrMo lrZqgh gadVr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 88

`mZm mWZm Ho$br H$s, Ammmn`V Amhr lrkmZoda _hmamOm`m Aml`mg

hmoVmo, AmVm Amn`m Aml`mg Ambmo AmhmoV. Xwg`m {Xder `m`m 2-3
dfm`m _wbrbm gS>Hy$Z Vmn Ambm. S>mQ>a hUmbo, H$emMm Vmn Amho, ho
H$iV Zmhr. `mZm dV:bmhr \$ma Vmn MT>bm. `m JwJrV AgVmZm `mZm
EoHy$ Ambo H$s, AmiXr_`o Xwg`m H$moUmMmM A{YH$ma Zmhr. EoH$VmM
`mZm Amnbr MyH$ H$iyZ Ambr. Vo lrkmZodam`m g_m{Y_{XamV Jobo Am{U
nyOm H$$Z `mZr j_m-`mMZm Ho$br. ~g, `mMm Am{U `m`m _wbrMm Vmn
nmM {_{ZQ>mV CVabm. gXJw$Zr XmmonmmMr MyH$ gwYmabr.
EH$Xm {S>g~| a`m gw>r_`o XmmonV gXJw $`m godgo mR>r d gm{`mgmR>r
nw`mbm Ambo. Vo gXJw$Mr ~R>H$ dN> H$$ bmJbo. XmoZ-Mma {XdgmZVa
`mZm H$mhr {d{M Agm AZw^d `oD$ bmJbm. ~R>H$ gm\$ H$aVmZm Amig
`oD$ bmJbm Am{U _Zm_`o XodmZm KmUoaS>m {e`m `oD$ bmJ`m. Vo ~oMZ
Pmbo. `m {d{M AdWoV `mZr naV Om`mMo R>a{dbo. lr_hmamOmMr Amkm
{_imbr d Vo naV {ZKmbo. OmVmZm lr_hmamOmZm Z_H$ma H$am`bm Jobo, Va Vo
hUmbo, Xw$Z Z_H$ma H$a, _mPo nm` {edy ZH$mog. _`amr aodo hmoVr.
JmS>rV XmmonVmZm Sw>bH$s Ambr. `mZm {Xgbo H$s EH$ H$mimHw$> nwf `m`m
earamVyZ ~mhoa nS>bm d WmoS>m doi Odi C^m amhZ A` Pmbm. `m
jUmnmgyZ `mMo _Z dN> Pmbo. `m`m _ZmV `oUm`m dmBQ> Jmo>r gXJw$`m
H$noZo Zmhrem Pm`m.
{Z>m hdr, _J gXJw$ Amn`m {e`mbm gd gH$Q>mVyZ dmM{dVmo.
BVa gmYy
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm A`m_mVrb A{YH$ma VH$mbrZ Zm{eH$Mo
{XJ~a `moJr, Jmonmi~m~m, eoJmdMo JOmZZ _hmamO, gmoZJraMo ZmZH$ _hmamO,
^wgmdiMr Imb_m, nbygMo Ym|S>r~wdm, {eaS>rMo gmB~m~m, Zm{eH$Mo
AdYyV~m~m, _mbm~m~m, `~Ho$daMo Ohm{JaXma~m~m B`mXr gmYw-gnwf
_mZV AgV. lr_hmamOmMm EImXm {e` Oohm `m`m XeZmg OmB, Vohm
`m`m Vm|Sy>Z `oV Ago H$s, VwPm XmVm Y` Amho.
***
Y` hm XmVm / 89

14. JwUgmJa Jw$

^JdmZ lrXmmo`mMo AdVma, AH$bH$moQ>Mo {Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W
`mMo {e`mom_ n. ny. lram_mZX ~rS>H$a _hmamO ho AdVmar nwf hmoVo. Y_bmZr Xya H$a`mgmR>r, gmYw-gmZm`m ajUmgmR>r Am{U ^$sMm C_of
XmI{d`mgmR>r ^JdV hm Amn`m {d^yVtgh gJwU M[a H$Q> H$aVmo. AZoH$
MTCVma `mZr ^abobo Am{U AZoH$ d{eQ>mZr n[anyU Agbobo lr_hmamO
`mMo M[a A{Vr` hmo`. `mMo M[a nmhZ Ago dmQ>Vo H$s, Za H$ao Vmo Za
H$m Zmam`U ~ZVm h & `m`m_`o Oo AZV JwU hmoVo, Vo _Zw`mg_moa AmXe
R>odVmV. har hm AZV Amho. `m`m H$Wmhr AZV AmhoV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
`m`m gJwU M[amVrb H$mhr _wI d{eQ>o g_OyZ KoV`mg gX` ^$mZm
bm^Xm`H$ R>aob.
`{$d
lr_hmamO ho CM, gS>nmVi ~m`mMo d Jma dUmMo hmoVo. S>moio nmUrXma
hmoVo. `mZm nmhUmam AmnmoAmn ^m{dV hmoV Ago. Vo aoe_r CMr do KmbV.
nmJmoQ>o, H$moQ> d YmoVa Agm nmofmI. AmamMm `mZm emH$ hmoVm. Aem ^mdr
`{$_dmZo gn Agbobo lr_hmamO Oohm _moR>_moR>m bmoH$m`m_`o OmV
qH$dm amOm-_hmamOm`m Xa~mamV OmV, Vohm Amn`m JmoS> ~mob`mZo d
dmH$MmVw`mZo gdm`m AmH$fUmMo H|$ ~ZV AgV. gd `mZm _mZ XoV. `m`m
~mob`mV hm`-{dZmoXmMrhr nmIa Ago.
Oohm `mZr \${H$ar~mUm drH$mabm, Vohm Vo gd Jmo>tMm `mJ H$$Z
~mOybm Pmbo. Amnbm gd WmQ>_mQ> gmoSy>Z XoD$Z \$$ EH$m YmoVamda CKS>o amh
bmJbo. YmoVamMm gmoJm Amn`m Immda qH$dm S>mo`mda KoV AgV. Varhr
Amn`m ^mdr `{$dm_wio d Amn`m AJ`m e$s_wio ^$OZ _J Vmo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 90

Jar~ Agmo H$s lr_V, gmYy-g`mgr Agmo H$s JhW-gdOU ^m{dV hmoV
AgV.
BVHo$M H$m` qh neygwm X~yZ OmV. Z_Xm-n[aH$_o`m doir EH$
^`H$a dmK `m`m VrU ZOao_wio {~MHy$Z {ZKyZ Jobm. Z_Xo`m S>mohmV
`mZr CS>r KoVbr Vohm {h _Jar `m`m Odigwm {\$aH$`m ZmhrV.
Am|H$maodam`m AmogarV nM_wIr ZmJmZo `mZm {diIm KmVbm, naVw `mZr
Om Ago hUVmM Vmo Jn {ZKyZ Jobm. ^mbM ndVm`m (Xoh) nm``m`m
Ow`m {ed_{XamVrb H$mim ZmJ, Vo VoWo OmVmM VoWyZ {ZKyZ Jobm. Z_Xm
{H$Zm`m`m {eybnmUr`m OJbmV Oohm aVmM g_OV ZhVm, Vohm EH$Xm
bmS>`mZo `mZm dmQ> XmI{dbr.
AmXm`
lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV \$ma CXmaVm hmoVr. `m`m Kar AZoH$ Am{lV
`oV. `m gdmMo Vo o_mZo nmbZ H$arV. Hw$R>o ~mhoaJmdr Jobo H$s ^oQ>-dVy AmUyZ
gdmZm dmQy>Z Q>mH$V. `m doir Oa H$moUr hOa Zgob Va `mMr dVy amIyZ
R>odV. `m`m AmXm`mV g_>r hmoVr.
AZoH$ ^$-{e` `m`mH$S>o godogmR>r qH$dm XeZmgmR>r `oV. `m
gdmMo `mo`H$mao Am{V` hmoV Ago. amr Pmon`mnydr lr_hmamO gdmZm
AW$U-nmK$U {_imbo Amho H$s Zmhr ho nmhmV AgV. lr_hmamOmZr bmImo
n`o {_i{dbo Am{U CXma _ZmZo CS>{dbo. b. J. ~mnQ> ho boJZo AmOmar hmoVo
Am{U `mM doir AmBgmho~hr AWUmda nS>`m hmo`m. dV: lr_hmamOhr
AmOmar AgVmZm CRy>Z {eam, Ira ~ZdyZ ~mnQ>mZ m ImD$ KmbV. Ho$dT>o ho AmXm`.
`mZr Amn`m Kar H$Um {~drH$a, Xm_moXa XoenmS>o, AmUmgmho~
~hVwbo, {ZamoIoH$a `mgma`m bmoH$mZm AmUyZ R>odbo hmoVo. `mZr Xm_moXa XoenmS>o
d XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mMm {ddmh WmQ>mV H$$Z {Xbm. gXJw$ lr_hmamOm`m
AmXm`mbm gr_m ZhVr.
_mV^s
lr_hmamO ho _mV^$ hmoVo. Vo AmBMm eX H$Yr _moS>V ZgV. `mZm
JwUgmJa Jw$ / 91

MmJ`m Ka`m _wbr gmJyZ Am`m hmo`m, naVw `mZr AmB`m ngVr`m
_wbrerM bZ Ho$bo. Vo Amn`m bmoH$mZm gmJV AgV H$s, AmB-d{S>bm`m
godo_wio ^JdV gZ hmoVmo. ^$ nwS>{bH$m`m _mV-godo_wio nmSw>aJ g
Pmbm.
Ym{_H$Vm
lr_hmamO \$ma Ym{_H$ hmoVo. Hw$bmMma, nyOm, nmR, A{^foH$, bKw,
Cgd B`mXr Vo _moR>m o_mZo gmOao H$arV. ^mbM S>m|Jam`m nm``mer
Agbo`m {ed_{XamVhr `mZr ~mUmH$Sy>Z bKw H$a{dbm. KamV nyOmnmR> ~mUmH$Sy>Z hmoV Ago, naVw lr_hmamO dV: Amn`m hmVmZo _mim Jw\y$Z
Xodm`m Vg{~arZm KmbV AgV. A-gVnUm{df`r `mZm \$ma AmWm hmoVr.
`m`mH$S>o Ambo`m ^$-{e`mgmR>r ^moOZmMr `dWm hmoVr. AZoH$ gUmdmar
_hmngmX hmoV Ago. Zm{eH$`m Xm_{Xam`m WmnZoMo doir AZoH$ {Xdg
_hmgmX Mmbbm hmoVm.
~m AdS>~amnojm _ZmVrb Ym{_H$Vog _moR>r _mZV AgV. _ZmV
^{$^mdZm Zgob, Va H$moUVohr Ym{_H$ H$` hUOo {Zdi H$dm`V Amho,
Ago Vo _mZrV AgV. dam` YmaU Ho$`mZVa `mZr hrM Iar Ym{_H$Vm
~mUdbr. doXmMo ajU H$aUm`m ~mUmZm Vo ny` _mZrV.
^$dgbVm
lr_hmamO Amn`m {e`m`m-^$m`m H$`mUmMr Zoh_r H$miOr
KoV. `m gdOUmZr Eo{hH$ d nma_m{WH$ H$`mU gm` H$amdo hUyZ `mZm
`mdhm[aH$ ~maH$mdo g_OmdyZ gmJV. ~mOmamV _mb H$gm IaoXr H$amdm ?
`mMr nmaI H$er H$amdr ? KmgmKrg H$er H$amdr ? gm`m ^mOrMrgwm
IaoXr H$aVmZm H$moUVr H$miOr `mdr, B`mXr gd Jmo>r Vo g_OmdyZ XoV. `mV
MyH$ Pm`mg amJmdyZ {e`mMm ^{S>_ma H$arV. AJXr `mbm aS>drV AgV.
Amn`m bmoH$mVrb AdJwU d Xmof nmhZ `mZm gVmn `oB.
Amn`m {e`m`m Im`m-{n`mda `m`m {dlmVrda Vo bj XoV.
Amn`m bmS>`m {e`mMm, lr~m~m_hmamO gh~wo `mMm h> nyU H$a`mgmR>r
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 92

`mZr nabmoH$s Jobo`m AmBgmho~mZm gmH$ma H$Q> Ho$bo. ^$mgmR>r Vo Jw_mD$br

hmooVo. Vo Ago gXJw$ hmoVo H$s, `m`m {df`r _hm_m H$~ramZr hQ>bo Amho
H$s, Jw Hw$hma grI Hw$^ h, JT> JT> H$mT> ImoQ>&
^moJr-`mJr : gr_m AmobmSy>Z Agr_
Amn`m AJ _ohZVrZo d Z{e~mZo lr_hmamOmZr YmV bmImo n`o
{_i{dbo. `m`m S>mo`mV ngm {_i{d`mMm bmo^ {eabm hmoVm, naVw Oo
H$mhr {_i{dbo Vo _ohZVrZo Am{U m_m{UH$nUo {_i{dbo, Hw$UmMm {ddmgKmV
H$$Z Zho. gam\$mMm Am{U gwJYrMm YXm Ho$bm. EdT>oM H$m` {H$_`mgwm
{_i{dbr. BVH$m gd ngm MZ H$a`mV CS>dyZ {Xbm. Vo hUV AgV H$s,
_r Ago ^moJ KoVbo AmhoV H$s Vwhr `mMo dUZ H$Wm-H$mX~`mVhr dmMbo
Zgob. ZmM-JmUo B`mXtMo emH$ Ho$bo Am{U OrdZmMm AmZX {_i{dbm.
`m_wio {_imbobr ~XZm_r ghZ Ho$br Am{U `m^mdmMo Xw:Igwm ^moJbo.
naVw gXJw$Mr H$nm bm^VmM Vo `m gdmnmgyZ Xya hmoD$Z \$H$sa ~Zbo.
Jw$Zr gmJVmM gmoZo ~Z{d`mMr {H$_`m{Jarhr gmoSy>Z {Xbr. OoWo ^moJmMr
gr_m JmR>br hmoVr, VoWo `mJmMrgwm JmR>br. VoWohr `mZm {IZVm dmQ>br
Zmhr H$s MS>\$S> OmUdbr Zmhr. \${H$ar_`ohr Vo a_yZ Jobo. VoWohr YwX hmoD$Z
EH$m YmoVam{Zer Am_mZXmV _Z hmoD$Z Jobo. Oo YmoVa ZogV hmoVo, `mVboM
AY} nmKaV AgV. Z_Xm-n[aH$_o_`o Vo ^yH$-VhmZ, WS>r-D$Z gmogV am{hbo.
H$moUVrhr VH$ma Zmhr. ~oMZr Zmhr. `mJm_`ogwm Vo h gmoSy>Z ~oh ~Zbo,
gr_m AmobmSy>Z Agr_ Pmbo. ^moJmVyZ `mJr, amJmVyZ {damJr, _mohmVyZ {Z_m}hr
~Z`mg Oamgwm `mZm doi bmJbm Zmhr. _hmR>{JUr _m`oMo ~YZ `mZr
EH$m PQ>`mV VmoSy>Z Q>mH$bo Am{U gd gmoS>`mda `mZr H$Yr _m`obm Odi
{\$aHy$ {Xbo Zmhr.
_mohmMo jU
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m`m OrdZmV Oohm MmJbo gn {Xdg hmoVo,
Vohm Vo _mohm_`o Sw>~V am{hbo. nem`m _Vr_`o ^moJgwm ^moJbo. ~XZm_r
ghZ Ho$br, naVw gXJw $ Mm AZwJh hmoVmM `mZr ghOmghOr _mohm`m Om`mVyZ
JwUgmJa Jw$ / 93

dV:bm _w$ H$$Z KoVbo. Z_Xm n[aH$_o`m doir EH$m _hVm`m A`V gwXa
_wbrZo `mZm _-de H$a`mMm `Z Ho$bm. `m`mer bZ H$a`mMr BN>m
XmI{dbr. dV:bm Am{U Amn`m {n`mMm gnZ _R> `m`m MaUr g_{nV
H$a`mMr V`mar XmI{dbr, naVw lr_hmamO T>ibo ZmhrV. Oohm Vo AmiXrbm
kmZoda _mD$br`m XeZmg Jobo, Vohm EH$m AqZ gwXarZo Am{V`
drH$ma`mMr {dZVr Ho$br. AemMH$mao Xoh_`ogwm hmX Zmdm`m
_mUgm`m Xwg`m ~m`H$moZo `m`mda _mo{hZr Q>mH$`mMm `Z Ho$bm, naVw
lr_hmamO {Z am{hbo. {damJr OrdZ drH$ma`mZVa H$m{_ZrMr H$m_Zm
`mZm ne H$$ eH$br Zmhr. JhWml_mV amhZhr `m`mnmer Agbobm
_Zmo{ZJh hm `m`m M[amg A`w {eIamda ZoD$Z R>odVmo.
AX` gmhg
H$moUVohr AmhmZ C^o R>mH$bo H$s lr_hmamOmVrb AX` gmhg H$Q>
hmoB. {Z^`Vm Am{U ghZerbVm `m`m_wio H$moUVohr YmS>g Vo ghOnUo H$arV.
AH$bH$moQ>_`o Oohm Vo gXJw$Mo nm` MonV hmoVo. Vohm AMmZH$nUo lrdm_r
g_Wm`m JwS>`m_YyZ ^`H$a ZmJ {ZKmbm Am{U \y$H$m$ bmJbm, Varhr Vo
{Z^`nUo gXJw$Mr godm H$arV am{hbo. Vo nmhZ lrdm_r g_W gVmnyZ hUmbo,
Vy _moR>m {OZ, amjg Amhog. `m`m `m YmS>grnUm_wio `mZr g hmoD$Z
Wmo~mS>rV _mabr d e{$nmV-Xrjm {Xbr. gXJw$Zr Oohm JwX{jUm hUyZ
{H$_`m{Jar gmoS>`mMr _mJUr Ho$br, Vohm _moR>m YmS>gmZo Vr _m` Ho$br.
gXJw$Zr `mZm Z_Xm-n[aH$_m H$a`mg gm{JVbo, Vohm Vo {Z:gJ ~ZyZ WS>rdmam, D$Z, nmD$g, {dZ, gH$Q>o `mMr ndm Z H$aVm Mmby bmJbo. AZoH$ gH$Q>o
nma H$arV nwT>o OmV am{hbo. Vrd Aer VhmZ-^yH$ ghZ Ho$br. H$S>H$ ChmV
^mOyZ Q>mH$`m`m dmiy_`o Am{U Q>moH$Xma nmfmUmda MmbV am{hbo.
\$maJra Jmogm`mZo Jm`mMr {Mbr_ nwT>o Ho$br, Vohm Agm X_ _mabm
H$s {Mb_rVyZ dmim ~mhoa nS>br. h>r ^$mbm MeoIa ~mU Xo`mgmR>r
_JatZr ^abo`m S>mohmV CS>r _mabr, ZmJ Agbo`m Amogar_`o Pmonbo,
J`o_`o MS>mobMr {Mbr_ EH$m X_mV AmoT>br, Aer AZoH$ H$`o `mZr H$$Z
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 94

XmI{dbr. `m_YyZ `mMr gmhgrdmr d Anma ghZerbVm {XgyZ `oVo.

X`miynUm
lr_hmamO Amn`m ^$mda X`m XmIdrV. naXw:I nmhZ `mMo _Z
{dV hmoV Ago. Z_Xo`m {H$Zmar _yi`mYrZo V Pmbo`m JwOamWr ~mUmg
nmhZ `mZm Xw:I Pmbo d `mZr `mMm amoJ dV: drH$m$Z `mbm amoJmVyZ
_w$ Ho$bo. `m AmOmamMo Xw:I `mZm O_^a ^moJmdo bmJbo.
JmoXyVmB Ho$VH$a `m Amn`m _aUmo_wI Agbo`m ZmVdmbm KoD$Z
Am`m, Vohm `mZr ^anya {e`m {X`m, naVw `m _wbmMr AdWm nmhZ Vo
{dV Pmbo d `m`mda H$nm->r Q>mH$br. Vmo ~am Pmbm.
b_U JUoe ~mnQ> ho lr_hmamOm`m _R>mVM boJZo \$ma AmOmar
nS>bo. Vohm dV: AmOmar AgVmZmhr `mZr H$nmiy ~ZyZ `mMr godm Ho$br.
eodQ>r `mZm _`y`m XmT>oVyZ dmM{dbo.
mH$V JwUmZm _`mXm AgVo. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO Vr _`mXm CbKyZ
JwUmVrV Pmbo hmoVo. AZV JwU-gnZ Ago gXJw$ ~Zbo hmoVo.
***

lram_mZX CdmM
earamMr __Vm hrM XwVa _m`m hmo`. {ZM`mZo
Am{U o _ mV ^Jd V mMo `mZ Ho $ `mZo Y ` dmT>Vo .
A`mgm_wio gd gm` hmoVo, hUyZ `Z H$arV am{hbo
nm{hOo, Vohm Hw$R>o H$Yr Zm H$Yr _w$m_mda nmohmoMVm `oBb.

JwUgmJa Jw$ / 95

15. {ZMb nX
gnwfmH$S>yZ g_mZ
lr~rS> H $a _hmamO ho _Z:em V rgmR> r Jw $`m emo Y mW Oo hm
A$bH$moQ>_`o Ambo, Vohm AH$bH$moQMo> lrdm_r g_W amOdmS>m`m
VQmd$Z CS>r Q>mHy$Z `mZm XeZ Xo`mgmR>r ~mhoa Ambo. `mZm nmhZ lrdm_r
g_W hUmbo H$s, Am~m nmS>mbm Ambm Amho. Am{U `mMm Am{YH$ma d
^{$^md nmhZ eodQ>r lrdm_tZr `mZm e{$nmV Xrjm {Xbr.
`mZVa Z_Xm-n[aH$_o`m doir EH$m Jwho_`o EH$ _moR>o {g-nwf
^oQ>bo. `mZr lr_hmamOmZm _moR>m o_mZo XmoZ {Xdg Amn`mOdi R>odyZ
KoVbo. `mMr Iar AmoiI nQ>VmM Z_Xo`m VQ>mdarb Q>oH$S>rdarb Jmogmdr,
\$maJra ~m~m, gmZo dm_r d nw`mV Ambobm _wabrdmbm gmYy B`mXr gmYyZr
lr_hmamOmZm _mZ {Xbm. J`o_Yrb MS>mobH$g _m{H$ `mMm {e` ~Zbm.
hndm_r, AdYyV~m~m, eoJmdMo JOmZZ _hmamO, nw`mMo OJbr _hmamO,
Zm{eH$Mo ~Jmbr gmYy, Jmonmi~wdm, H$merMo H$UmZX, AOJadm_r, {eaS>rMo
gmB~m~m, `~Ho$daMo Ohm{JXma~wdm B`mXr VH$mbrZ gmYw-gnwf lr~rS>H$a
_hmamOmZm ^JdXd$n _mZyZ _moR>m _mZ XoV AgV. gmYyMo d$n gmYyM
OmUVmo.
Z_Xm_mVoMr H$nm
lr_hmamO ho A{YH$mar nwf hmoVo d lrdm_r g_WmMm AZwJh
{_im`mda `mMm nma_m{WH$ A{YH$ma {eIamda nmohmoMbm hmoVm. `m_wio
n[aH$_o`m gJr Oohm Vo VhmZ-^yHo$Zo `mH$yi Pmbo hmoVo. Vohm `j
Z_Xm_mVoZo JdiUrMo $n KoD$Z `mZm XyY {Xbo. Vo XyY {nVmM `mMm WH$dm
Xya Pmbm. nm`m`m OI_m ~`m Pm`m. Vr nmhVm-nmhVm A` Pmbr.
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 96

n[aH$_m nyU Pm`mda lr_hmamO Am|H$maodabm Ambo, Vohm AmogarV

Pmonbo hmoVo. H$moUr {gnwf Ambm Amho Am{U AmnUmbm OodU Kmbrb, `m
AmeoZo VoWrb gmYw-Jmogmdr O_bo hmoVo. lr_hmamOmZm OmJ `oV ZhVr Am{U
gmYy bmoH$ CVmdio hmoD$Z dmBQ>-gmBQ> ~S>~S>V hmoVo. `mZm nem{dZm ImD$
H$go KmbVm `oUma ? Vohm `j Z_Xm_mVm H$Q> Pmbr Am{U {VZo Amnbo
gwdU H$H$U H$mTy>Z `m`m AJmda Q>mH$bo. {dOo_mUo Vr Ambr Am{U {ZKyZ
Jobr. VoWo Oo A{YH$mar gmYy hmoVo, `mZm {VMo XeZ Pmbo.
XmoZ doim Z_Xm H$Q> hmoD$Z {VZo lr_hmamOmModa H$nm Ho$br. `mMm
AW lr_hmamOmMm A{YH$ma _m` H$$Z {VZo `mMm _mZ amIbm. Amn`m
dmg`mMm dfmd Ho$bm.
XodmZr Amnbo _mZbo
lr_hmamOmMm A{YH$ma _m` H$$Z AZoH$ XodmZr `mZm Amnbo _mZbo.
Amnbo d$nM _mZbo. Oohm lr_hmamO H$mer_`o hmoVo. Vohm Imb`m
_O`mda {ed-^$ nmSw>aJ^Q> ^S>H$_H$a amhmV hmoVo. `m`m ~m`H$moZo {edmbm
{edm-_yR> AnU H$a`mMo R>a{dbo hmoVo, `m doir ^JdmZ {edmZo `m XmoKm`m
dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, Vwhr OoWo amhmVm `m`mda`m _O`mda _r
dV: amhmVmo. VoWo amhUm`mbm {edm_yR> AnU Ho$`mg Vr _bm {_iob.
`j {edmZo lr_hmamOmZm Amnbo A{^Z $n _mZbo.
AemMH$mao lr_hmamO ho lrkmZoda _hmamO `m`m XeZmgmR>r
AmiXrbm {ZKmbo, Vohm VoWo AZw>mZ H$aUm`m ^$m`m dZmV `oD$Z kmZoda
_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo H$s, Vw`m AZw>mZmgmR>r _r Cm gH$mir 10 dmOVm
`oV Amho. _m`m ZmZmMr d ^moOZmMr MmJbr gmo` H$a. `m ^$mZo
lr_hmamOmZm lrkmZoda _hmamO g_OyZ _moR>m ^mdmZo Am{V` Ho$bo. lrkmZoa
_hmamOmZr `mZm dV:er A{^ _mZbo.
lr_hmamO Oohm `mo{V~m`m XeZmgmR>r Jobo, Vohm n`j `mo{V~m
XodmZo VoWrb nwOmar JmoqdX IQ>mi `mbm dZmV `oD$Z gm{JVbo H$s, _mPm
^$ nZrgh H$mohmnyahZ `oV Amho. `mMr MmJbr gmo` H$a. VgoM `j
{ZMb nX / 97

`mo{V~mXod gaXmam`m $nmZo KmoS>mda ~gyZ Y_emioV Ambm Am{U `mZo

AmBgmho~mZm {Zamon {Xbm H$s, _r _hmb_r`m XeZmgmR>r H$mohmnyabm
OmV Amho. g`mH$mir naV `oBZ, Vohm Vwhr `m.
bhmZnUr lr_hmamO nT>anyabm nmSw>aJmMo XeZmgmR>r dmar~amo~a EH$Q>o
Jobo hmoVo, Vohm VoWrb JXu nmhZ Vo Jm|YiyZ Jobo d aSy> bmJbo. EH$m IoS>di>
{XgUm`m _mUgm`m $nmV `oD$Z nmSw>aJmZo `mZm AmV Zobo d XeZ KS>{dbo.
ZVa EH$m ^$mZo gm{JVbo H$s, Vmo _mUyg `j nmSwaJ hmoVm. Vy _moR>m
^m`dmZ Amhog.
_hmamO Oohm XohOdirb ^mbM S>m|Jam`m nm``mer Agbo`m
{ZOZ {ed_{XamV Jobo hmoVo, Vohm `j ^JdmZ eH$a `mZr OJ_mVm nmdVrgh
H$Q> hmoD$Z `mZm XeZ {Xbo.
VgoM Vo ^mbM S>m|Jamda Jobo, Vohm EH$m {eybYmar AdYyVm`m
$nmV ^JdmZ eH$amZr H$Q> hmoD$Z CnXoe {Xbm H$s, gd `moJmMr n[agr_m
_rM Amho, gd {ddm_`o _rM ^$Z am{hbmo Amho, _m`m{edm` `m OJmV
Xwgao H$moUrhr Zmhr, ho V` OmU`mda lrkmZoda qH$dm lrVwH$mam_ doJio
H$moR>o AmhoV ? Agm CnXoe H$$Z Vmo {edd$n AdYyV naV Jobm.
Z_Xm-n[aH$_oMo doir Q>Ho $S>rdarb Jmogm`mZo H$S>H$ ChmV lr_hmamOmZm
nmUr AmU`mg nmR>{dbo hmoVo, Vohm `m Jmogm`mMo Amam` XdV Agbo`m
lrJmonmiH$UmZo `mbm Y_H$mdbo H$s, _bm nmUr AmU`mg nmR>{dVmog
H$m` ?
Aem H$mao `j AZoH$ XodmZr lr_hmamOmZm AmnboM A{^Z $n
_mZbo hmoVo. A`m_m`m A`w {eIamda nmohmoMyZ lr_hmamO `j
na_m_-d$n ~Zbo hmoVo.
gXJw$`m~b {Z>m
^JdmZ lrXmmo`mMo AdVma Agbo`m AH$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrdm_r
g_W `mZm lr_hmamOmZr Amnbo gXJw$ _mZbo hmoVo. Oohm Vo W_V:
AH$bH$moQ>bm Jobo hmoVo, Vohm JwXeZ Pm`m{edm` AZJhU H$aUma Zmhr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 98

Agm gH$n Ho$bm hmoVm. `m doir lrdm_r g_W amOdmS>mV Jobo hmoVo. VoWo
Jo`mda Vo 15-15 {Xdg _wH$m_ H$arV, naVw lr_hmamOmZr Amnbm gH$n
gmoS>bm Zmhr. `mMr hr {Z>m nmhZ lrdm_r g_W ho amOdmS>mVrb godH$mZr
Wm~{d`mMm `Z Ho$bm, Var Z EoH$Vm VQ>md$Z CS>r KoD$Z ~mhoa Ambo Am{U
`mMr nyOm drH$mabr. lrdm_r g_W `m`mgmaIm Jw$gwm `m ^$mbm
^oQ>`mgmR>r dV:bm Amd$ eH$bm Zmhr. `m n{h`m ^oQ>rVM lr_hmamOmZm
gXJw$Mo~b o_ {Z_mU Pmbo d `mZr `mZm Amnbr {Z>m AnU Ho$br.
Xwg`m doir Oohm lr_hmamO XeZmgmR>r AH$bH$moQ>bm Jobo, Vohm
lrdm_r g_WmZr H$R>moa narjm KoVbr. lr_hmamO `mMo nm` MonV hmoVo, Vohm
AMmZH$ lrdm_r g_Wm`m JwS>`m_YyZ ^`H$a ZmJ {ZKyZ \y$H$m$ bmJbm,
Varhr Vo {dM{bV Pmbo ZmhrV. `mMr {Z^`Vm nmhZ lrdm_r g_WmZr `mZm
amjg Ago hQ>bo Am{U Wmo~mS>rV _m$Z g_mYr AdWoV nmohmoM{dbo.
lr_hmamOmZm _hmgmX H$a`mg gm{JVbo; Vohm `mZr ngo ZgVmZm CYma
_mb KoD$Z _hmgmX Ho$bm. lrdm_r g_WmZr `mZm {H$_`m{Jar gmoS>`mg
gm{JVbo; Vohm _mJMm-nwT>Mm {dMma Z H$aVm `mZr Vr gmoSy>Z {Xbr. lrdm_tZr
`mZm Z_Xm-n[aH$_m H$a`mMr Amkm {Xbr, Va `mZr {Z:gJ ~ZyZ Vr nyU
Ho$br. `m n[aH$_o_`o `mZm Amnbo gXJw$ lrdm_r g_W `mZr g_mYr
KoV`mMo g_Obo, Vohm Vo `m`m {d`moJm_wio Xw:ImZo `mHy$i Pmbo, naVw
lrdm_r g_WmZr `mZm AmdV Ho$bo H$s, h_ JE Zht, qOXm h& Am{U
`mMm AZw^d Xo`mgmR>r `mZr dmKm`m $nmZo Am{U ZVa {g `mo`m`m
JwhoV nH$Q> hmoD$Z `j XeZ {Xbo. gXJw$~b lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV Anma
o_ d T> {Z>m hmoVr. Amnbm AhH$ma {dg$Z Vo {Z` Jw_` ~ZyZ am{hbo.
lr_hmamOmZr dV:bm gnyUV: gXJw$`m MaUr AnU H$$Z Q>mH$bo
hmoVo. `mZr Jw_mD$brMo _aU H$$Z Ag` M_H$ma H$$Z XmI{dbo. Jw$`m
~imdaM `mZr Ag ^`H$a Ago Xoh-maY ^moJbo. gXJw$~b`m Aem
T>{Z>o_wioM Vo OoWo Jobo VoWo `mZr dV:`m gnyU e$s{Zer dV:bm PmoHy$Z
{Xbo hmoVo. gXJw$Mm _{h_m AZV AgVmo. Vmo Amn`m {ZmdmZ {e`mbm
{ZMb nX / 99

VH$mi Amn`mgmaIm ~ZdyZ Q>mH$Vmo.

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr Amn`m OrdZmV _mZdr e`VmMr n[agr_m
JmR>br. `mZr AWH$ C_erbVm XmI{dbr. CH$Q> a{gH$VoZo OrdZmMm AmdmX
KoVbm. YwX \$H$sa ~ZyZ H$R>moa dam` ^moJbo, AIS> `mZ-`moJmZo nma_m{WH$
AZVVm {_i{dbr, AhH$ma {d$Z Q>mHy$Z I`m AWmZo dVVm {_i{dbr
Am{U na_odamer AV nm Ho$bo. AZoH$ XodmZr `mZm AmnboM $n _mZbo.
_Zw`m`m gm_`mMm Agm CH$f Xwb^ hmo`. gmYZo`m ~imda Vo {gnwf ~Zbo Am{U {g-nwfmMo {ZMb ~ ~Zbo.
lr_hmamOmMr nanam
lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo AJ{UV {e` gd {dIwabo hmoVo. `m_`oo
H$merZmWnV JX}, ~m~m JX}, dmgwAmUm ^mJdV, AmUmgmho~ Jwo, Zmam`U
amZS>o, {edam_nV ImS>oH$a, AmR>dbo, _wHw$Xamd _moKo, amdgmho~ gh~wo,
~m~mgmho~ H$d}, amhyaH$a, Jwo dH$sb, _JbXmg, nwfmom_ {ngmoiH$a, aKwZmW
H$U {Q>iH$, AmUmgmho~ H$amS>H$a, am_ Omoer, {edeH$a emMo, Xm_wAmUm
gmo_U, AmUm H$d}, X.b. D$\$ XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a, q~H$amd ~moS>g, am_^mD$
Xidr, b.J.~mnQ>, Xm_moXanV XoenmS>o, H$ZmOr ~mUr, AmUmgmho~ ~hVwbo
B`mXr {g AmhoV.
`mnH$s AmUmgmho~ ~hVwbo ho nw`m`m e{Zdma noR>oVrb _R>mMo
Cmam{YH$mar hmoVo. `m`mZVa dmgwAmUm ^mJdV d b.J. ~mnQ> `mZr _R>mMr
`dWm nm{hbr. ~mnQ> `mZr _amR>rV lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo M[a {b{hbo
Amho. Xm_moXa XoenmS>o `mZr Zm{eH$`m Xm_{XamMr nanam gm^mibr. amdgmho~
D$\$ ~m~m _hmamO gh~wo ho lr_hmamOm`m Am`mp_H$ nanaMoo Iao dmag
hmoVo, Vo OJahmQ>rnmgyZ A{b hmoVo. H$ZmOr ~mUr hr gmdr hmoVr, Vr
lr_hmamOmMm AZwJh {_im`mda gmYZmaV hmo`mgmR>r AkmVWir {ZKyZ Jobr.
Xm_moXanV ~hVwbo D$\$ AmUmgmho~
{eaT>moU `oWrb Xm_moXanV ~hVwbo ho lrJOmZZmMo ^$ hmoVo. Xhmdrn`V
{eH$bo hmoVo. lrJOmZZmMr Vo {Z` godm H$arV AgV. `mMr AmOr hrM `mMo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 100

gdd hmoVr. Vr Jo`mda Vo CXmg Pmbo Am{U {eaT>moU`m hZw_mZ _{XamV

OmD$Z ~gy bmJbo. hZw_VmZo >mV {X`mda `mZr Ka gmoS>bo d 1903 _`o
Vo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m`m godoV $Oy Pmbo. Vo lr_hmamOmMo Ka gmoSy>Z Hw$R>ohr
OmV ZgV. _R>mMr gd `dWm AmUmgmho~ ~KV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr
`mZm Amnbm Cmam{YH$mar _mZbo hmoVo. AmBgmho~gwm `mZm Amnbm _wbJm
_mZrV AgV. lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmZr Xoh gmoS>`mda nyU ~mam df} `mZr _R>mMr
godm Ho$br Am{U ~amo~a ~mam dfmZr lr_hmamOm`m nw`{VWr {XderM
AmUmgmho~mZr Xoh`mJ Ho$bm. `mMo OrdZ gXJw$`m MaUr A{nV Pmbobo
hmoV.o
dmgwAmUm ^mJdV
lr_hmamOmZm H$mer_`o Oo nmSw>aJ^Q> ^S>H$_H$a ^oQ>bo hmoVo, Vo R>m`mV
Wm{`H$ Pmbo hmoVo. `m`m {Z{_mmZo ~idVamd ^mJdV ho lr~rS>H$a _hmamO
`m`m ghdmgmV Ambo. ~idVamdm`m~amo~a `mMo bhmZ gmd ^mD$
dmgwAmUm ^mJdV hohr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo_wio ^m{dV Pmbo. gwadmVrbm
Vo R>m`mhZ H$mhr {Xdg lr_hmamOm`m godogmR>r `oV AgV. ZVa Vo Hw$Qw>~mgh
lr_hmamOm`m Aml`mg Ambo. Vo dmgwAmUm `mMr H$R>moa narjm KoV. `mZm
Byh_|Q> Q>Q>H$Sy>Z Iyn ngm {_imbm, naVw Vmo gd `mZr lr_hmamOmMo MaUr
AnU Ho$bm. ~hVwbo `m`mZVa dmgwAmUm _R>mMr `dWm nmhmV hmoVo. Vo
A{YH$mar nwf hmoVo.
AmUmgmho~ Jwo
R>m`mMo hr.Or. Jwo D$\$ AmUmgmho~ Jwo ho ~r.E., EbEb.~r.hmoVo.
`mZr nw`mV d{H$br gw$ Ho$br, nU Vr MmboZm. _moR>o Hw$Qw>~ d {_iH$V H$_r.
`m_wio Vo mgyZ Jobo. Vo Vwier~mJoV OmD$Z lram_ d hZw_mZ `mMo XeZ KoD$
bmJbo. S>m.XmmonV D$\$ H$mH$mgmho~ {ZamoIoH$a ho `mMo {_ hmoVo. `m`m
g`m_wio AmUmgmho~ lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMoH$S>o `oD$ bmJbo. H$mhr
{XdgmVM `mZm H$moQ>m_`o ZmPaMr ZmoH$ar {_imbr. nwT>o JVr hmoV hmoV
lrJw$`m H$noZo _wg\$XoIrb Pmbo. `mMr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`mda AT>i
{Z>m hmoVr.
{ZMb nX / 101

{edam_nV ImS>oH$a
Zm{eH$Mo {edam_nV ImS>oH$a ho lr_hmamOmMo {e` hmoVo. Zm{eH$Mo
Jmonmi~wdm, _mbm~wdm, `~Ho$daMo Ohm{JaXma, AdYyV~wdm Aem gnwfmMm
`m`mda bmo^ hmoVm. `mZr nXo, A^J, Ama`m, A>H$ Aem AZoH$ aMZm
Ho$bo`m AmhoV. AdYyV~wdm `m`mer `mMo \$ma O_V Ago. Vo XmoKo JmoXmdar`m
H$mR>r ~gbo hmoVo, Vohm ~wdm hUmbo, Xwnma`m OodUmMo nm{hbo nm{hOo.
{edam_nV hUmbo, Vwhr {OWo ~gbm AmhmV, VoWoM am_ XoUma Zmhr H$m` ?
~wdm hUmbo, am_ Amhmbm XoBb, nU Xoh-maY KoD$Z ~g`mMm Am_Mm
Am{YH$ma Zmhr. Vmo Vw_`m ~rS>H$a _hmamOmMm Amho. Amhmbm AOwZr nmoQ>mMr
qMVm AgVo.
AmR>dbo
Zm{eH$`m amOmoh H$aUmnydu AmR>dbo ZmdmMm EH$ H$m{VH$mar VU
lr_hmamOm`mnmer Ambm. `mZo {dMmabo H$s, H$mVr`m Midirbm `e
`oBb H$m` ? Vohm lr_hmamOmZr Jmo> gm{JVbr H$s, EH$ _wJim Amn`m
AmBbm hUmbm H$s, AmB, AmB, _r AmO JwimMr EH$ T>on nm{hbr. Cm Vr
_r Kar KoD$Z `oVmo. _J Amnbo Xm[a Xya hmoBb. AmB `mbm hUmbr,
VwPr H$~aM VwPm namH$_ XmI{dVo. Vy BVa hOmamo _wJ`m~amo~a T>onoImbr
[MaSy>Z _aerb. lr_hmamO AmR>dbobm hUmbo, _yInUm H$$Z ZH$mog,
_aerb. AmR>dbobm Vo AmdS>bo Zmhr. Vmo MidirV H$m_ H$arV am{hbm.
H$mhr {XdgmZVa `mbm H$`mU `oWo nH$S>`mV Ambo. `m`m ~JoV
Amjonmh Jmo>r AmTi`m. `mMr O~mZr KoVbr. Vohm Vmo hUmbm, _hmamOmZr
gm{JVbobo EoH$bo AgVo, Va hr nmir Ambr ZgVr. nmo{bgmZr lr_hmamOmMm
Zmd-nmm {dMmabm. nmobrg lr_hmamOm`mH$S>o `oD$Z MmH$er H$$ bmJbo.
lr_hmamOmZr {dMmabo H$s, Vmo H$m` hUV hmoVm ? Vohm nmobrg hUmbo H$s
`mZo _wJ`mMr Jmo> gmJyZ hQ>bo H$s, _r _hmamOmMo EooH$bo AgVo Va ~ao
Pmbo AgVo. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, `mbm _mPm {Zamon gmJm H$s `m
gJr Vwbm Oer _mPr AmR>dU Pmbr, Ver ^JdVmMr H$a. Vmo ^JdVmMm
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 102

Ymdm H$$ bmJbm.

`m`m ~JoV Amjonmh dVy {_im`m hmo`m, naVw H$moQ>mV Vr ~J
`mMr Ag`mMo {g Pmbo Zmhr. `m_wio `m IQ>`mVyZ `mMr _w$Vm Pmbr.
Vmo lr_hmamOmMm {Zgr_ ^$ Pmbm.
_JiXmg
_JiXmg ZmdmMm EH$ JwOamWr `wdH$ S>m. XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mMm
dg{VJhmVrb {_ hmoVm. Vmo H$UmMm _moR>m ^$ hmoVm. Vmo H$U-^$s_`o
_Z Ago. ZVa Vmo {WAmgm\$sH$S>o dibm. Vmo S>m. XmmonV {ZamoIoH$a `mZm
gmaIm AmJh H$$ bmJbm H$s Vwhr {WAmgm{\$Q> hm. Vohm Vo hUmbo, _r
nyduM Jw$ Ho$bm Amho. _JiXmgm`m _ZmV lr_hmamOmMo XeZ Ko`mMr
CH$R>m {Z_mU Pmbr, naVw Vmo {Ym AdWoV nS>bm H$s `m_wio _m`m
H$U^$s_`o ~mYm `oBb. Vohm `mbm dZm_`o lr_hmamOmZr >mV {Xbm
H$s, Aao, lrH$U nmM hOma dfmnydu hmoD$Z Jobm. _r AmO Amho. Vohm
Xwg`m {Xder Vo dZ `mZo {ZamoIoH$amZm gm{JVbo. Vmo lr_hmamOm`m
XeZmgmR>r nw`mg Jobm Am{U `mMm ^$ ~Zbm.
am_ Omoer
R>m`mVrb am_ Omoer `m`m KamV nanaoZo dH$s MmbV Ambr hmoVr.
am_ Omoer ho nmSw>aJ ^S>H$_H$a `m`m AmoiIrZo lr_hmamOmMo {e` ~Zbo.
`mMo _Z ^md-^moio hmoVo. `m {Z_i ^mdZo_wio Vo {g d Pmbo. _moR>_moR>o
d d S>mQ>a hmV Q>oH$V AgV, Vo amoJr am_ Omoer `m`m AmfYmZo ~ao hmoV
AgV. AmBgmho~mMo Vo AmdS>Vo hmoVo. Vo nw`mg Ambo H$s AmBgmho~ hUV,
am_ Omoer Or nyOm H$aVmo Vr _m`m {d>bmbm AmdS>Vo. lr_hmamO gdmZm
amJmdV, nU Vo am_ OmoetMr ^$s d {dZ_Vm nmhZ `m`mda amJmdV ZgV.
lr_hmamOm`m H$no_wio Vo na_mWmVhr nwT>o Jobo.
{edeH$a emMo
Zm{eH$Mo {edeH$a emMo ho AmB-dS>rb d nZr {ZdV`m_wio CXmg
Pmbo hmoVo. `mV Xm[a. Oohm Vo lr_hmamOmZm ^oQ>bo Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo,
{ZMb nX / 103

{ddmh Ho$`mg gwI {_iob. Vo amoO XeZmgmR>r `oD$ bmJbo. EHo$ {Xder
`mZr {dMmabo H$s, _r EH$Q>m Ord Amho. bZ Ho$`mg XmoZ bmoH$mMo nmbZ
H$go hmoUma ? {OH$S>o AmJ {VH$S>o \$mo\$mQ>m. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, ho VwPo
_emZ-dam` Amho. `oH$ OU Amnbo Zer~ KoD$Z `oVmo. n{hbr ~m`H$mo
_obr, hUyZ XwgarMo Zer~ _obobo Zmhr. dmgZm Vrd AgVmV. dam` YmaU
H$$Z na_mW Ho$`mg \${OVr hmoBb. ggmamV amhZ g`dMZ, Z_Vm Am{U
nar _mVog_mZ hm {ZM` ~miJ`mg Vo dVhr na_mW AgVo. ew _ZmZo
Am{U bjnydH$ h[aZm_-_aU H$amdo. VoM nbrH$S>o nmohmoMdrb. emMo `mZr
lr_hmamOm`m AmkoMo nmbZ loZo Ho$bo Am{U Vo gwIr Pmbo.
b_U JUoe ~mnQ>
`mMr KaMr J[a~r d ZmOwH$ V`oV hmoVr. _Q>rH$ Pm`mda b_U
JUoe ~mnQ> ho nmoQ> Im`mV hmoVo. _Z bmdyZ H$m_ H$arV Vo hoS> nmooQ> _mVa
Pmbo. `mMr n{hbr nZr Jo`mda lr_hmamOmZr `mMo Xwgao bZ H$$Z {Xbo.
`mZr ~mnQ>mZm amoO 10{_{ZQ>o {Z`{_VnUo `mZ H$a`mMm CnXoe {Xbm hmoVm.
1911 gmbr AmBgmho~mZr Xoh R>od`mda lr_hmamOmZr ~mnQ>mZm ghHw$Qw>~
_R>mV `oD$Z amh`mMr Amkm Ho$br. `m_mUo Vo _R>mVrb godm H$$ bmJbo.
`mZm hm{Z`m, boJ d VrZ doim Q>mB\$mBS> Pmbm, naVw lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo
dmMbo.
b. J. ~mnQ> `mZr lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo _amR>r_`o M[a {b{hbo
Amho. ~mnQ> 1937 nmgyZ 1960 n`V, Xoh Agon`V lr_hmamOmMo _R>mV
`dWmnH$ hmoVo.
Zm{eH$Mo H$d} ~Yy
Zm{eH$`m dm_Zamd D$\$ ~m~mgmho~ H$d} `mZm d{H$br`m narjoV
`e {_iV ZhVo. Vo lr_hmamOmZm eaU Ambo Am{U `m`m H$noZo nmg Pmbo.
VohmnmgyZ lr_hmamOm`m~b lm CnZ Pmbr. `mZm lr_hmamOm`m H$noZo
bm{H$H$ d nma_m{WH$ gwI bm^bo.
~m~mgmho~m`m_wio `mMo MwbV ~Yy AmUmgmho~ H$d} hogwm
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 104

lr_hmamOmMo {e` Pmbo. AmUmgmho~ ho H$m{VH$maH$m`m ghdmgmV Ambo,

Vohm `mZm lr_hmamOmZr CnXoe gm{JVbm H$s, `m`mnmgyZ Xya amhm. `mZr
hohr gm{JVbo H$s, Vy Zm{eH$_`o amhm. Hw$R>o Var ZmoH$ar H$a. EbEb.~r. `m
A`mgmgmR>r _w~Bbm OmD$ ZH$mog. naVw `mZr EoH$bo Zmhr. eodQ>r Vo
Zm{eH$`m amOXmohm`m IQ>`mV gmnS>bo. IwZmMm Amamon em~rV Pmbm d
`mZm \$merMr {ejm Pmbr.
lrgXJw$`m~b lm ~miJ`m_wio ~m~mgmho~mZm gd H$mhr
bm^bo d lm Z R>od`m_wio AmUmgmho~mZm \$mer {_imbr.
am_^mD$ Xidr
am_M eH$a Xidr (IoS,> Vm.dmido) ho KaMo gwIdVy hmoV.o S>m. XmmonV
{ZamoIoH$a `mMo ~Yy Zmam`U b_U {ZamoIoH$a ho XidtMo _ohUo hmoVo. EH$Xm
Zmam`U {ZamoIoH$a `mZm KoD$Z lr_hmamOmMoH$S>o Ambo. VohmnmgyZ Vo ^m{dV
Pmbo Am{U doimodoir XeZmgmR>r `oD$ bmJbo. Xidr `m`mH$S>o nmodmS>o aM`mMr
{V^m hmoVr. `mZr EH$m h[aXmgmH$Sy>Z CnXoe KoVbm. lr_hmamOm`m XeZmZVa
`mMr {V^m {dH${gV Pmbr Am{U emhra hUyZ `mZm {gr {_imbr.
`mZr lr{edN>nVt`mda Eo{Vhm{gH$ nmodmS>m aMbm hmoVm.
EH$Xm Vo Mma {XdgmgmR>r _R>mV Ambo hmoV.o naV Om`bm {ZKmbo. Vohm
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Wm~dyZ KoVbo. `mMr Amkm `mZm Q>miVm Ambr Zmhr. amr
AmUm_hmamO ~hVb
w o `mZm qdMy Mmdbm. \$ma doXZm `oD$ bmJ`m. lr_hmamO
XidtZm hUmbo H$s, Vy qdMdmMo {df CVaderb H$m ? XidtZm _ AdJV
hmoVm. `mZr _ hUyZ qdMy Mmd`mOmJr amI Mmoibr. Vohm {df CVabo.
lr_hmamO hUmbo H$s, EdT>mgmR>rM Vwbm Wm~dyZ KoVbo hmoVo. EoHy$Z
XidtZm AmM` dmQ>bo Am{U `mMr lr_hmamOm`m~bMr lm T> Pmbr.
_wHw$X nmSw>aJ _moKo
BXyaMo _wHw$X _moKo ho ~idVamd ^mJdVmMo ZmVodmBH$ hmoVo. _moKo `mZr
EbEb.~r. H$$Z EbEb.E_.Mr narjm {Xbr hmoVr. ^mJdVm`m_wio
lr_hmamOm`m Aml`mg Ambo. Vo H$m{VH$maH$m`m_`o gm_rb hmoVo, naVw
{ZMb nX / 105

lr_hmamOmZr `mZm VmH$sX {Xbr hmoVr H$s Vy `m ^mZJS>rV nSy> ZH$mog.

Varhr H$mVrMo AmH$fU Ag`m_wio Vo Zm{eH$`m amOmohm`m H$Q>mV
AS>H$bo. Zm{eH$Mm BJO H$boQ>a OgZ `mbm R>ma _mam`Mo hmoVo. W_ AZV
H$mhoao Jmoir _maUma hmoVm, `mVyZ OgZ dmMbm Va _moKo Jmoir KmbUma hmoVo.
{WEQ>a_`o OgZ `oVmM H$mhoaoZo Jmoir _mabr Am{U Vmo _mabm Jobm. gdOU
nimbo. _moKo Kar Jobo Va nmobrg nH$S>Uma, hUyZ Vo bnV-N>nV lr_hmamOm`m
_R>mV Ambo. lr_hmamOmZr gd AmoiIyZ hQ>bo, Oo Pmbo Vo MmJbo Pmbo
Zmhr. `oH$mZo Amnbr Hw$dV AmoiIyZ H$m_ H$amdo. \$$ Midi H$$Z H$mhr
hmoV Zmhr. AmVm Ambm Amhog, Va BWoM ahm, ~mhoa nSy> ZH$mog.
_moKo _R>mV am{hbo, naVw KaMo bmoH$ H$miOr H$arV AgVrb hUyZ
`mZr nmoQ>H$mS> nmR>{dbo d Vo Zo_Ho$ nmo{bgm`m hmVmV nS>bo. nmobrg `oD$Z
nw`m`m _RmVyZ `mZm nH$Sy>Z KoD$Z Jobo. `m doir _moKo `mZr lr_hmamOmZm
H$idirMr {dZVr Ho$br Am{U X`oMr ^rH$ _m{JVbr. Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo,
Om, gwQ>erb. _moKo `mZm ZH$s \$merMr {ejm Pmbr AgVr. Vo VwJm_`o
lr_hmamOmMm Ymdm H$arV am{hbo. _m\$sMm gmjrXma `mZm AmoiIy eH$bm
Zmhr. ge`mMm \$m`Xm {_iyZ _mo`mMr gwQ>H$m Pmbr. lr_hmamO {ZH$mbmnyduM
hUmbo H$s, _moKo Am`mda gmJm.
_moKo VwJmVyZ gwQ>bo, nU Om`Mo Hw$R>o ? `mZr lr_hmamOmMo XeZ
KoD$Z BXyabm Om`Mm {dMma Ho$bm. {IemV ngmhr ZhVm. BV`mV a`m_`o
`m`mg_moa EH$ H$mimHw$> _mUyg C^m am{hbm. BN>m ZgVmZm, Z _mJVm
`mZo nmMmMr ZmoQ> _mo`m`m {IemV KmVbr. _moKo noTo-hma dJao KoD$Z
lr_hmamOm`mOdi nmohmoMbo. Vohm Vo hUmbo, Aao, Vwbm `j {d>bmZo
XeZ {Xbo Am{U Vwbm AmoiIVm Ambo Zmhr. _moKo Amn`m ^m`m_wio
amo_m{MV Pmbo.
lr_hmamOmZr `mZm Kar naV`mMr Amkm {Xbr. OmVmZm ^wgmdibm
Imb_mMr ^oQ> Ko`mg gm{JVbo. Vr gV-r ^oQbr, Vohm {VZo _mo`mZm
Wmo~mS>rV _mabr d _mS>rda ~gdyZ KoD$Z `mZm ^mH$ar ImD$ KmVbr. Vr
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 106

hUmbr, eoa H$m ~m AgyZhr Vy Agm H$m {\$aVmog ? AmH$memV CS>r _mabr
Va nm` _moS>ob, Kar Omerb Va nmoQ> ^aob.
BXyabm Jo`mda _moKo `mZm ngm AS>H$m, _mZ-_amV~ {_imbm. `mZr
A`m_mVhr JVr Ho$br. lr_hmamOm`m H$no_wio `mZm nM d na_mWmV
`e {_imbo. Vo BXya`m Q>oQ> {_b_`o _moR>o Am{\$ga hmoVo.
JX} {nVm-nw
H$merZmW JX}
H$merZmW JX} ho R>m`m`m ~idVamd ^mJdVmMo _ohUo hmoVo.
^mJdVm`m {Z{_mmZo H$merZmWnVmZm lr_hmamOmMo XeZ Pmbo. `m`m H$noZo
Vo d{H$brMr narjm nmg Pmbo. VoWo nw`mV d{H$br MmbUma Zmhr, hUyZ
`mZr {dX^mV Om`mMm {dMma Ho$bm, naVw VoWo gZX {_i`mV AS>MUr
Am`m. gZX {_imbr nU d{H$br Mmbbr Zmhr. eodQ>r _wg\$s {_imbr
Am{U nwT>o Vo ZmJnyabm g~Om Pmbo. lr_hmamOm`m H$no_wio dmW d na_mW
Xmohr_`o `e {_imbo.
H$merZmW JX} lr_hmamOm`m {Z` XeZmg OmV AgV. `m doir
lr_hmamOmZr gm{JVbo hmooVo H$s, nw`mV VwPm O_ ~gUma Zmhr, Vy {dX^mV
Om. lr_hmamOmMo H$merZmWnVmda \$ma o_ hmoVo. `mZr `mMr na_mWm_`o
_moR>r JVr H$$Z KoVbr. H$merZmWnV Oohm H$moUm gmYw-gnwfmH$S>o XeZmgmR>r
OmV AgV, Vohm Vo bmoH$ `mMm A{YH$ma AmoiIyZ `m`mda o_ H$arV.
H$merZmWnV ho {eaS>r`m gmB~m~mMo XeZ Ko`mgmR>r Jobo, Vohm
dmH$V AgVmZmM gmB~m~m hUmbo, `m am_Xmg. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `m`m
am_M qH$dm am_mZX `m ZmdmV am_ hmoVm. gmB~m~mZr `mZm AmJhnydH$
AmR> {Xdg Amn`mOdi R>odyZ KoVbo.
H$merZmWnV ho eoJmd`m JOmZZ _hmamO `m`m XeZmg 1905
_`o Jobo, Vohm JOmZZ _hmamOmZr `m`m nmR>rda hmVmMm H$monam _mabm. Vo
Kar naV Ambo, Vohm `mZm _wg\$s`m Zo_UwH$sMr Vma {_imbr. Xwg`mXm
1910 _`o Jobo Vohm JOZmZZ _hmamOmZr H$merZmWnVmMm eQ>-H$moQ> H$mTy>Z
{ZMb nX / 107

KoD$Z Amnbo gd AJ nwgbo d Vo H$nS>o naV {Xbo. _hmamOm`m aO:H$UmZr

n{d Pmbobr do {_im`m_wio H$merZmWnVmZm H$VmW dmQ>bo.
H$merZmWnV E{bMnyaMo gnwf eH$a ^Q>Or `mZm ^oQ>`mg Jobo,
Vohm Vo `mMo dmJV H$a`mgmR>r a`mda C^o hmoVo. `mZr {d>b _{XamMm
g^m_S>n dV: dN> H$$Z ~R>H$ KmVbr. `mZr H$merZmWnVmZm _mS>rda
~gdyZ `mMo Mw~Z KoVbo Am{U hQ>bo, Vwhr Xw{Z`oMo _wg\$ AmhmV. H$miOr
H$$ ZH$m ^JdV H$nm H$arb.
H$merZmWnV EH$Xm Omb`mg Jobo. `m doir Xod {eaVoXma hmoVo.
H$merZmWnV hUmbo, gVmMo XeZ Ko`mMr `mo`Vm _m`m_`o Zmhr. Vohm
Xod {eaVoXma hUmbo, _wg\$gmho~, nwhm H$Yr Ago hUy ZH$m. Vwhr
Am_`m_Yrb AmhmV. AOwZr doi Amho. doi `oVmM Vwhmbm M_H$maM
M_H$ma Mmodrg Vmg {XgVrb; H$miOr H$$ ZH$m. gd H$`mU hmoBb.
H$merZmWnV dmhoabm EH$m Ad{b`m Z gmYy`m XeZmg Jobo. Vo
gmYy MT>m`bm \$ma AdKS> Aem {Vg`m _O`mda amhmV hmoVo. XeZmbm
`oUm`mda Vo XJS> _marV. H$merZmWnV ho Yra Y$Z `m`mOdi Jobo. Vohm
Vo AdYyV `m`mH$S>o nmhmVM am{hbo. `mZr nmR>rda em~gH$s XoV hQ>bo,
~oQ>m, Vw_H$mo g~ h& gwm h, MmXr h, _moVr h, _m{UH$ h& Vwhmao D$na
D$nadmbm amOr h& D$nadmbm H$gm P_H$Vm h XoImo&
H$merZmWnV nw`mg `oVm-OmVmZm ^wgmdi`m Imb_mbm ^oQ>`mg
OmV. Vr _moR>m o_mZo `mZm ~gdyZ ~mobV Ago.
~m~m JX}
H$merZmWnVmMo dS>rb ~m~m JX} ho _hmam>mVrb nH$mS> doXmVr hmoVo.
`mMo JrVm_V eVnXr d nMXer ho JW `m`m {dmoMo gmj XoVmV. Vo _moR>o
doXmVr hmoVo, naVw nma_m{WH$ CVr H$$Z Ko`mgmR>r lr_hmamOmMr H$nm
{_i{d`mMr `mMr BN>m hmoVr. `mZm Amn`m {dmoMm AhH$ma hmoVm,
hUyZ lr_hmamO `mZm {e`m XoV AgV. EH$Xm `mZr lr_hmamOmMm AZwJh
m H$a`mgmR>r YaUo Yabo, Vohm lr_hmamO hUmbo, lmdmZ b^Vo
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 108

kmZ_ & Vo ~m~m JX} `mMr H$moaS>r {dVm nmhZ `mZm Am_KmVr Ago hUV.
EH$Xm H$merZmWnV Amn`m d{S>bmZm hUmbo, Vo Vwhmbm {e`m XoVmV,
_J Vwhr `m`mH$S>o H$m OmVm ? Vohm ~m~m JX} `mZr Cma {Xbo H$s, Vo
Amhmbm {e`m XodmoV, Am_KmVr qH$dm _yI hUmoV, naVw Am_`mgmR>r Vo
{dlm{VWmZ AmhoV, Vo Amhmbm Amn`mH$S>o IoMyZ KoVmV. `m`mOdi
H$gbr OmXy Amho H$moUmg R>mD$H$.
EH$Xm Iw ~m~mZr lr_hmamOmZm {dMmabo, Vwhr _wbmZm Amnbo
_mZVm, _J Vwhmbm Amhr Am_KmVr H$m dmQ>Vmo? Vohm lr_hmamO hgyZ
hUmbo H$s, Vwhr OJmMo Jwd KoVbo Amho. Vo gwQ>`m{edm` Am_Mo MmbV
Zmhr. EH$m `mZm_`o XmoZ gw`m amhy eH$V ZmhrV. H$merZmWnVmZr lo`m
Omoamda lr_hmamOmMr H$nm {_i{dbr, naVw `mMo dS>rb {dmo`m AhH$mam_wio
`mnmgyZ d{MV am{hbo.
***

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr ^{d`dmUr

dmV` {_im`mdahr Oa Y_mMo nwZmrdZ Pmbo Zmhr,
Va A{Vd>r, AZmd>r, ^yH$ n, dmbm_wIr, dmXio, _hmnya, XwH$mi,
gmWrMo amoJ B`mXr gH$Q>o `oVrb Am{U bmoH$ V hmoD$Z OmVrb.
eodQ>r bmoH$ nwhm Y_mH$S>o diVrb Am{U g`{Z>m (XmZV)
`oBb, VohmM qhXyMo Z>M` gnob, VohmM Vo gd OJmMo Jw$
~Z`mg g_W hmoVrb. Y_ Ed hVmoh{V& Y_m} aj{V a{jV:&
hoM Am_Mo ~rX Amho. Oo bmoH$ `mbm {MH$Qy>Z amhVrb, `mMo
ajU Amhr H$moU`mhr n[apWVrV H$$, hrM Amhm gmYw-gVmMr
H$m_{Jar hmo` Am{U VrM Amhr `m `m` g>r_`o H$arV
AgVmo.
{ZMb nX / 109

16. gXm`mMr nanam

A$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W _hmamO

lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo gXJw$

B.g.1275 `m Odinmg H$maOmZJar_`o _mYd d A~m^dmZr `m
gXmMmar d gN>rb _mVm-{n`m`m Kar lrXmmo`mZo lr_V ZqghgadVt`m
$nmZo AdVma KoVbm. Vo ~mbH$ O_V: \$$ Am|H$mamMoM CmaU H$arV hmoVo.
AmB-dS>rb H$miOrV nS>bo H$s hm _yH$ Va Zmhr ? naVw _wO Ho$`mda Vmo
YSm>YS> doXmMo nR>U H$$ bmJbm. _moR>_moR>o emr-n{S>V Vo nmhZ M{H$V Pmbo.
`mZr H$mer_`o Vn`m H$a`mgmR>r Jh`mJ Ho$bm. VoWo d`mod d
kmZd lrH$U gadVr hmoVo. `m`mH$Sy>Z `mZr g`mgml_mMr Xrjm KoVbr.
Ag` AX^wV brbm H$$Z `mZr AJ{UV ^$mMm Cma H$arV _moR>_moR>m
kmZr d `moJr nwfmZm CnXoe {Xbm.
lrjo JmUJmnwamV ~aoM {Xdg {Zdmg Ho$`mZVa ^$m`m {hVmgmR>r
`mZr VoWo Amn`m {ZJwU nmXwH$m WmnZ Ho$`m d Vo nmVmiJJo`m VQ>mda
Ambo. `mZr Amn`m {e`mZm EH$ nwnmgZ ~Z{d`mMr Amkm Ho$br. `m
AmgZmda ~gyZ lr_V ZqghgadVr ho ndmhm`m {d {XeoZo ZXr`m CJ_mH$S>o
H$XbrdZmV Jobo.
`mZr H$XbrdZmV AXmOo XrS>eo df} Vn`m Ho$br. `mZVa `mZr
Omdm, gw_mm, BS>moZo{e`m, MrZ, OnmZ, AmQ>o{b`m `mgma`m XoemV gMma
H$$Z AZoH$ OrdmMm Cma Ho$bm. Vo ZVa {V~oQ>bm Ambo. VoWrb {h_mN>m{XV
{eIamda ^_U H$arV `mZr VoWo eVH$mZweVHo$ VnM`}mao Xoh-H$> H$arV
Agbo`m Vnpd`mMm Cma Ho$bm.
`mZVa lrZqghgadVr ho {h_mb`mVrb EH$m XodXma djmImbr

Vn`m H$arV ~gbo. ZVa OdiOdi AS>rMeo dfmZr EH$m bmHy$S>VmoS>m`m

{Z{_mmZo dmimVyZ H$Q> Pmbo. AZoH$ doim Vo bHo$nmgyZ {h_mb`mn`V n[a^_U
H$arV d AZV brbm XmIdrV Jobo. `mZm {R>H${R>H$mUr doJdoJ`m ZmdmZr
AmoiIV AgV. Hw$R>o `mZm {XJ~adm_r, Va Hw$R>o MMb^maVr Ago hUV. Vo
_w~Bbm ~mam df} am{hbo. VoWyZ _JidoT>m, amOwar, _mohmoi Am{U gmobmnyamV
amhZ eodQ>r 1857 bm AH$bH$moQ> gWmZmV Ambo. VoM lrdm_r g_W `m
ZmdmZo AH$bH$moQ>bm Am`mda {g Pmbo. `m`m ^$-_S>ir_`o gd
OmVr-Y_mMo bmoH$ hmoVo. lrdm_r g_Wm`m {Zdmgm_wio AH$bH$moQ> ho VrWjo
~Zbo. `m`m Ho$di XeZmZo hOmamo ^$m`m _ZmoH$m_Zm nyU hmoV AgV.
lrJw-brbm_V ZmdmMm mgm{XH$ JW hm lrdm_r g_W `mMm brbmM[a hUyZ {g Amho. lrXmmo`m_mUo dm_r g_Wm`m _VJm{_dmMr
{MVr gwadmVrnmgyZM `oV hmoVr. nw`mMo lr~rS>H$a _hmamO, {eaS>rMo gmB~m~m,
nw`mMo eH$a _hmamO, eoJmdMo JOmZZ _hmamO, lrXod _m_boXma (Zm{eH$),
lr~mimnm _hmamO, lrMmoimnm _hmamO (AH$bH$moQ>), lrZqgh gadVr
(AmiXr) `mgmaIo AZoH$ {e` `mZr {Z_mU Ho$bo. AH$bH$moQ> gWmZMo
amOo _mbmoOramd ho `mMo ^$ hmoVo.
lrdm_r g_Wm`m `oH$ H$Vr_`o ^$mZm JyT> Aer nyd gyMZm
{_iV Ago. lr_Vr d gmm `m`m _VrMm `mZm {VaH$ma dmQ>o. Vo CnmgH$mZm
hUV AgV H$s, gmJa ^abobm Amho. {OVH$m KoVm `oBb {VVH$m `m qH$dm
eoV {nH$dm Am{U Im. ewH$ nm{S>`mMm {_`m{^_mZ ~miJyZ H$moUr Oa
`m`mOdi Ambm Va Vo `mMo {nVi CKS>o H$arV. AH$bH$moQ>_`o `mZr
M d 13, eH$ 1800; _Jidma, {X. 30 E{b 1878 `m {Xder
Amn`m ghmeo dfm`m nwamVZ AdVmamMr g_mr Amn`m AmdS>`m
dQ>djmImbr Ho$br. `mZr hQ>bo Amho H$s, Amhr Jobmo Zmhr, {OdV AmhmoV.
`m AmdmgZmMm `` ^$OZmZm AmOhr dmadma `oVmo. lrdm_r g_WmZr
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZm Amnbm d$n gXm` Mmb{d`mMr Amkm Ho$br.
***

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 110

gXm`mMr nanam / 111

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo {e`mom_

lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO D$\$ lramdgmho~ gh~wo D$\
lrdmgwXdo mZV gadVr _hmamO
lrdm_r g_W _hmamOmZr Amnbm d$n gXm` Mmb{d`mMr Amkm
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZm {Xbr. `mZVa dm_r g_WmZr gXJw$ lr~m~m _hmamO
`m`m $nmZo gZ 1883 _`o h~ir `m jor O_ KoVbm. gZ 1906 _`o
lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZr gXJw $ ~m~m`m _VH$mda H$nmhV R>do Zy lre{$nmVmZo
Xrjm {Xbr Am{U nma_m{WH$ nyUdmg nmohmoM{dbo. `m doir lr~m~m _hmamO
ZwH$VoM B{O{Z`[aJMr nXdr (Eb.gr.B) KoD$Z ~mhoa nS>bo hmoVo.
Vo gXJw$Mm AZwJh m Ho$bo`m jUmnmgyZ eodQ>n`V {dXoh
AdWo_`oM dmdaV hmoVo. lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mZrM `mMm {ddmh Ho$bm.
`mZm EH$ _wbJr Pmbr. JhWml_mV amhZ `mZr A{g. B{O{Z`a hUyZ
aZm{Jar, noU, _hmS>, ZmJmoR>Um, nZdob B`mXr {R>H$mUr gaH$mar ZmoH$ar
Ho$br. gZ 1923 _`o dmm `oWo Mr\$ Am{H$Q>oQ> `mMo nr.E. hUyZ `mMr
Zo_UyH$ Pmbr. d[a> BJO A{YH$mar `m`m kmZmMm A{YH$ma _m` H$arV
AgV. lr~m~m _hmamO ho Zoh_r AV Am_Vdm_`o aJbobo AgV. EH$Xm
nJmamMo {Xder Vo Kar `oV hmoVo. dmQ>oV {^H$mar {Xgbm. Amnbm nyU nJma
`m`m hmVr R>odyZ Vo emV {MmmZo Kar Ambo. eodQ>r 1928 _`o BZh{bS>
noeZ KoD$Z Vo {Zdm Pmbo Am{U nw`m`m Zmam`U noR>oV Yw_mi {~pS>J_`o
amh bmJbo.
VoWyZ Vo Odi`m lr~rS>H$a _hmamOm`m _R>mV amoO {Vhr {H$mi
XeZmgmR>r OmV AgV. `mMr dXZ-^$shr AZ` gmYmaU hmoVr. Vo gXJw$`m
KaMm nmU`mM H$m`, _R>m`m nm`ard$Z CVaUm`m _mOambmgwm Z_H$ma
H$arV. H$YrH$Yr AJmV 105 Vmn Agbm Var Vo Am_mZXmV {Z_Z AgV.
EH$Xm Vo 24 {Xdg gy`m}X`mnmgyZ gy`mVmn`V EH$Q>H$ gy`q~~ nmh`mMr
gmYZm H$arV hmoVo.
lr~m~m _hmamO C{dm^y{fV d d[a> gaH$mar A{YH$mar hmoVo,
naVw `m`m nZrbm bmH$S>o Zg`mZo Myb ~X R>odm`Mr nmir `oV Ago. Varhr

`m n[apWVrV lr~m~m {ZpMV AgV.

Y_nZr {ZdV`mda Vo ngo XoD$Z OodUmMm S>~m _mJdV AgV.
`mMo {e`gwm `m`mgmR>r OodU qH$dm ImnXmW KoD$Z `oV, naVw Vo gd
4-4 {Xdg VgoM nSy>Z Ago. ZVa H$YrVar `m_Yrb H$U^a ImD$Z ~mH$sMo
^$mZm dmQy>Z Q>mH$V AgV. Varhr AZoH$ doim bmoH$mZm `m {e`m dVy
Vm`m Ag`mgma`m bmJV. lr~m~m _hmamO hUV H$s, Am` dmQ> Qy>
Q>mQ> g``wJ ZmC (_bm nwhm `m` d Y_mMo g``wJ AmUm`Mo Amho).
lr_hmamO Amn`m {e`mZm AJXr gmonm CnXoe H$arV AgV H$s,
_mUgmZo gmYo amhmdo. Amn`m CnmgZoMm JmOmdmOm H$$ Z`o. gdmV W_
_mUyg ~Z`mMm `Z H$am. dV:bm nwT>mar hUdyZ KoUmao nwH$i AmhoV,
naVw `mZo H$m_-H$moYmXr fS>[anyMo X_Z Ho$bobo Amho, Agm XoemMm ZoVm H$moUr
Zmhr. earamZo H$mhrhr _mJmdo, hUyZ AmnU H$m` `mbm gd m`Mo ?
VH$mbrZ gV-gnwfm`m _ZmV lr~m~m`m~b Iyn AmXa hmoVm.
lr~m~m _hmamO eodQ>`m H$mimV AmOmar hmoVo. Ae$nUm \$ma
hmoVm. AWUmd$Z hby eH$V ZhVo, `m_wio gXJw$`m _R>mV OmD$ eH$V
ZgV. EH$Xm lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMr nw`{VWrMr nmbIr {ZKmbr. Vr Yw_mi
{~pS>Jd$Z OmVmZm lr~m~mZr VmS>H$Z CRy>Z nmbIrMo XeZ KoVbo. `m`m
ZomVyZ Aly AmoKiy bmJbo. `mZr WaWaUm`m hmVmZr Um_ Ho$bm. Aer
lr~m~mMr T> Jw{Z>m hmoVr.
gZ 1954 _`o lr~m~m _hmamOmZr nw`mV Amn`m {ZdmgWmZr
nM_hm^yVm_H$ XohmMm `mJ Ho$bm. `mMo {e`mom_ lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO
`mZr ~m~m`m ImgJr OmJoV lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo g_m{Y_{Xa
C^mabo.
Xoh`mJ H$a`mnydu `mZr Amn`m {e`mZm AmdmgZ {Xbo H$s,
Vwhm ^$m`m ajUmgmR>r _r `m g_m{Y_{Xam`m WmZr EH$ hOma df}
amhmUma Amho. ^$mZm `m`m dMZmMm {Z` AZw^d `oVmo.
***

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 112

gXm`mMr nanam / 113

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo {e`

lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamOmMo {e`
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO
Xoe-OmJVr`m ~m~VrV N>nVr {edmOr _hmamO d Y_-OmJVr`m
~m~VrV lrg_W am_Xmg dm_r `m`mnmgyZ oaUm KoD$Z AIoa`m jUmn`V
A{daV H$m` H$aUmao lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `mMo AmYw{ZH$ H$mimVrb
_amR>r gVm_`o {d{e> WmZ Amho.
lrgXJw$ {XJ~aXmg _hmamO `mMm O_ aZm{JarOdirb nmo_|S>r `m
JmdmVrb Omoer Kam`mV AmpdZ ewb A>_r, eH$ 1834; Jwdma, {X. 17
AmQ>mo~a 1912 amoOr Pmbm. `m`m d{S>bmMo Zmd JUoe d AmBMo OmZH$s
Ago hmoVo. AmB-d{S>bmZr _moR>m o_mZo lr_hmamOmMo Zmd {d>b Ago R>odbo.
d{S>bmH$S>o ImoVr hmoVr. ^abobo Ka hmoVo. {d>b JUoe Omoer ho bhmZnUmnmgyZM
Bda^$ d {da$ d^mdmMo hmoVo. d`m`m 12 `m dfu AmBMr d 18 `m
dfu {n`mMr gmdbr hanbr. AmVm `m`m _ZmV gXJw$ {_i{d`mMr BN>m
{Z_mU Pmbr. Vo Ka gmoSy>Z gXJw$`m emoYmV {ZKmbo. `moJm`moJmZo Vo nw`mVrb
~rS>H$a _hmamO `m`m _R>mV Jobo. VoWo _hX^m`mZo lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo
D$\$ dmgwXodmZV gadVr `mMo XeZ KS>bo. Jw$ Am{U {e` XmoKohr nanamMr
dmQ> nmhmV hmoVo. lr~m~m _hmamO `mZr {d>b Omoer `mZm ~rS>H$a _R>m_`o
Xmmo`mdVma A$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W `m`m $nmV XeZ {Xbo Am{U
Amnbm {e` hUyZ `mMm drH$ma Ho$bm. lr{d>bamd Omoer `mZm gXJw$
{_im`m_wio Vo gZmW Pmbo.
lr_hmamOmZr H$mhr H$mi S>m. ~mog b~moaoQ>ar_`o _o{S>H$b [aoP|Q>o{Q>h
hUyZ H$m_ Ho$bo. `m H$m_mV `mZm _moR>o `e {_imbo, naVw Am`mp_H$ AmoT>
`mZm Jn ~gy XoV ZhVr. Vo gZ 1946 _`o ZmoH$ar gmoSy>Z aZm{Jarg naV
Ambo Am{U H$R>moa gmYZm H$$ bmJbo.
lrgXJw$ ~m~m _hmamO `mZr `mZm ~mobmdyZ KoVbo Am{U 24 Owb
1953 amoOr `mZr Amn`m hmVmVrb AJR>r d dio H$mTy>Z lr_hmamOm`m
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 114

VOZr_`o KmVbo. AZwJh XoVmZm Vo hUmbo, Jw$Mr AJR>r Jw$`m ~moQ>mV

KmVbr Amho. {d>bm, AmOnmgyZ VwPm gd AhH$ma _r KoVbm Amho. AmVm
Vwbm dV: H$mhr H$am`Mr JaO Zmhr. VwPo gd H$mhr _rM H$arZ.
gXJw$ lr~m~m _hmamO `mZr 1953 _`o Xoh`mJ H$am`Mo R>a{dbo.
gXJw$`m gH$nm_wio lr_hmamO \$ma `mHy$i Pmbo. `mZr AmJh H$$Z EH$
df AmUIr amhm`mMo Jw$H$Sy>Z AmdmgZ {_i{dbo. lr~m~m _hmamO `mZr
18 AmJQ> 1954 amoOr Amnbr AdVma-brbm gn{dbr. `mMr g_mYr
`m`m ImOJr OmJoV, 937 S>r, MVw:eJr _mJ, {edmOrZJa, nwUo `oWo ~mY`mV
Ambr.
lr~m~m _hmamO `m`m g_mYrZVa lr_hmamO `mZr Amnbo OrdZ
Jw-godogmR>r AnU H$a`mMm gH$n Ho$bm. g_mYr `m {R>H$mUr C^mabr
Jobr, Vr lr~m~m _hmamOmMr {_iH$V hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m _hmamO
`m`m dmag Agbo`m `m`m EHw$b`m H$`m gm. {Z_bmVmB ZrbH$R> Iao
`m`mH$Sy>Z Vr OmJm brOda KoVbr d gXJw$Mm _{h_m dmT>{dUo, hoM Amnbo
OrdZ-H$m` _mZbo. Vo hUV AgV H$s, 24 Owb 1953 amoOr _mPo hUOo
{d>b JUoe Omoer `mMo ApVd gnbo. AmVm `m XohmH$Sy>Z lr~m~m _hmamO
hoM gd H$mhr H$$Z KoV AmhoV. AmVm Aer AdWm hmoVr _r hmoVmo Vmoda Jw ZhVm & AmVm Jw Amho, Zmhr AhVm &&
gwadmVrg g_m{YWmZmMr O_rZ nS>rH$ d PmS>m-PwS>nmZr ^abobr
hmoVr. lr_hmamOmZr Vr gnmQ> H$$Z KoD$Z VoWo EH$ VmnwaVr eoS> C^r Ho$br.
^$m`mgmR>r amhm`Mr gmo` Ho$br d hmX ~ZdyZ KoVbm. amoO`m nyOobm VmOr
\w$bo {_imdrV hUyZ ~mJ bmdbr. WmZm`m OdinmgMr O_rZ IaoXr H$$Z
n[agamMm {dH$mg Ho$bm. nU Xw> bmoH$ ho gH$_ ghOnUo H$$ XoV ZmhrV.
`mZr ho WmZ gmdO{ZH$ Amho, Ago hUyZ Vo Vm`mV Ko`mMm `Z Ho$bm.
H$moQ>mMr Xmao IQ>IQ>mdr bmJbr, naVw lr_hmamOmZr qh_V gmoS>br Zmhr. eodQ>r
XodWmZ ho ImOJr _mbH$sMo Amho d `mMo brO-hmoS>a lr_hmamO AmhoV,
Agm {ZH$mb Pmbm. `m Hw$amnV H$mT>Um`m bmoH$mZr mg {Xbm, Var lr_hmamOmZr
gXm`mMr nanam / 115

gXJw$ lr~m~m _hmamO `mMo g_m{YWi gwg{mV d gw`dpWV ~Z{dbo.

VoWo Am`mp_H$ CnmgZm Mmby Pmbr. {d{YdV Am{U emmo$ AZw>mZo hmoD$
bmJbr. lr~m~m _hmamOmMr O`Vr, nw`{VWr, lrXmO`Vr, lrdm_r g_W
O`Vr, lram_ Zd_r, JUoe MVwWu, lrH$U-O_m>_r `mgmaIo Cgd _moR>m
CgmhmZo gmOao hmoD$ bmJbo. Ag` ^$ `m {R>H$mUr `oD$Z H$nm-gmX KoD$
bmJbo.
lr_hmamO `mMo `{$d AZoH$ bmoH$moma JwUmZr _{S>V hmoVo. `m`m
gnH$mV Ambo`m H$moU`mhr `$sMo Zmd, Jmd, Hw$Qw>~, ZmoH$ar-`dgm`
B`mXrMr _m{hVr `mZm Ago, _J Vmo {H$Vrhr {XdgmZr ^oQ>mo. gmYonUm,
dN>Vm, {eV, d$eranUm, CXmaVm, gX`Vm B`mXr JwUm_`o `mMr
~amo~ar H$moUr H$$ eH$Uma Zmhr. bhmZmnmgyZ Wmoamn`V gdmer `mMo o_mMo
d {Ohm`mMo g~Y AgV. bmoH$mZm H$mhr AS>MU Agob, Va lr_hmamO Vr
{ZdmaU H$arV. H$Yr JaO nS>`mg EImmMr H$R>moa eXmV H$mZ-CKS>Urhr
H$arV AgV. `mM~amo~a ^$mbm EImm bhmZem JwUm~b em~mgH$s XoD$Z
`mbm Amn`mOdi Oodm`bm KoD$Z ~gV. godoH$`m`m AS>rAS>MUr Xya
H$a`mMm `Z H$arV AgV. WmZm_`o nmibobo nmonQ>, Hw$o `m m`mZm
doioda Im`bm-`m`bm {_imdo, hUyZ Vo H$miOr KoV AgV. Vo Iao gVgnwf hmoVo.
lr_hmamO ho WmZm_`o `oUm`m bmoH$mZm H$m`Xoera gm XoV AgV.
Vo nmhZ _moR>_moR>o H$m`Xo-n{S>V M{H$V hmoV. `mMr ~wr {dbjU hmoVr. Vo
dH$s` BbmO H$a`m~b qH$dm `mdgm{`H$ AS>MUt~b AMyH$ _mJXeZ
H$arV AgV. g_m{YWmZm`m ~mYH$m_mMo doir Vo B{O{Z`gZmgwm H$m`
~amo~a Amho d H$m` MyH$ Amho, ho g_OmdyZ XoV.
_{XamVrb Cgdm`m gJr nmbIr {ZKV Ago, Vohm lr_hmamO
dV: nXo aMyZ JmV AgV Am{U `mMo agmi {Z$nU H$arV AgV. Vo erK
H$dr hmoVo. H$sVZm`m doir `m`m _wImVyZ nXo AmnmoAmn P$ bmJV. `mZr
eoH$S>mo-hOmamo nXo ~Z{dbr d Jm`br. XwXdmZo AmO `mVrb {b{IV Aer
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 116

WmoS>rM Cabr AmhoV. Vo V~bm-nIdmO Aer dmo dmO{d`mV Va~oO hmoVo. Vo

ZmQ>H$mV H$m_ H$amd`mMo. Vo {enH$mahr hmoVo. nmo_|S>rV AgVmZm Vo JUoe-_yVu
~ZdrV. `m`m {R>H$mUr {MH$boMr {V^mhr hmoVr. Vo {MH$ma, {enH$ma
`mZm `mo` gm XoV AgV.
lr_hmamO ho eoVr_Yrb _moR>o OmUH$ma hmoVo. `mZr dV: ZmJa OmoSy>Z
eoVr Ho$br hmoVr. eoVrVrb Z`m-Ow`m nVr, _mVrMm gwnrH$nUm, IV,
{~`mUo B`mXt~b Vo EImm AZw^dr eoVH$`mg _mJo Q>mH$V. `mZr OZmdamMm
JmoR>m ~Z{dbm hmoVm. JmoR>o dN> AgmdoV d OZmdao nw> AgmdrV, `mMr Vo
H$miOr KoV AgV. hmVmar OZmdao H$gm`mbm {dH$`mg `mMm {damoY hmoVm.
m`mH$Sy>Z O_^a godm H$$Z KoD$Z eodQ>r `mZm H$gm`mbm {dH$Uo, hUOo
H$VZnUm hmo`, Ago Vo _mZrV AgV.
doX Am{U doXUrV _mJmZo OmUm`m ~mUm~b `mZm Anma lm
hmoVr. Vo hUV AgV, ~mUmo __ XdV_ ~mUmZr hOmamo df} _moR>m
H$>mZo doXmMo ajU Ho$bo. `m~b `mMo F$Ur Agbo nm{hOoo. ~mUmMm `Wmo{MV
Jmad H$a`mgmR>r Vo AZoH$ AZw>mZo H$arV d XyaXya`m ~mUmZm ~mobmdyZ
`m`m {ZnwUVo~b Am{U {dVo~b H$VkVm `$ H$$Z CXmanUo `mMm
g_mZ H$arV.
lr_hmamOmMo {R>H$mUr Omd` Y_{Z>o~amo~aM dbV Xoe{Z>m hmoVr.
`m`m eXmVyZ d AmMaUmVyZ Xoe-o_ JQ> hmoV Ago. `mZr XodWmZm_`o
am>dO C^m$Z dmV`{XZ d OmgmmH$ {XZ gmOao H$a`mMr Wm gw$
Ho$br. `mZr dV: 1942 `m dmV` bT>mV H$m_ Ho$bo hmoVo. `m doir
JmdmoJmdr OmD$Z Vo am>r` OmJVr H$arV AgV d JwnUo MidirMo H$m_ H$arV
hmoVo. aZm{Jar_`o Oohm dmV`dra gmdaH$a hmoVo, Vohm lr_hmamO `mZm
^oQy>Z MMm H$arV AgV. S>oadU `oWrb lr{ed-g_WJS> C^ma`mV `mMr
hrM am>r` oaUm {XgyZ `oVo.
lr_hmamOmZr lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo `m`m nw`mVrb g_m{YWmZm~amo~aM S>oadU `oWohr Amnbo H$m`jo Mmby Ho$bo. {MniyU`m n[agamV
gXm`mMr nanam / 117

A$bH$moQ>{Zdmgr lrdm_r g_W `m`m nanaoVrb EH$ gnwf lrgV

{XJ~a~wdm dhmiH$a ho hmoD$Z Jobo. `m`mer lr_hmamOmMr OwZr AmoiI
hmoVr. lrdhmiH$a~wdm `mMo {e` lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a `m`m~b
lr_hmamOm`m _ZmV \$ma o_ hmoVo. gXJw$ lr~m~m _hmamO `mZr lrgrVmam_~wdm
`mMr H$miOr Ko`mg lr_hmamO `mZm gm{JVbo hmoVo; hUyZ Vo dmadma gmdS>}
`oWo OmD$Z lrgrVmam_~wdm `mMr godm H$arV. gmdS>} `oWo ~wdmMr hoigmS> hmoV
Amho, Ago nm{h`mda lr_hmamO `mZr Odi`m S>oadU JmdmVrb H$mhr
O_rZ KoD$Z VoWo ~wdm`mgmR>r Ka ~Z{dbo Am{U WmoS>m eoVrMr `dWm
H$$Z {Xbr. `mZr lrgV grVmam_~wdm dmbmdbH$a M[aQ>o~b Q>Q> {Z_mU
Ho$bm d VoWo _moR>_moR>r H$m_o H$a`mMm gH$n gmoS>bm. `mZr OdinmgMr
~arM O_rZ IaoXr Ho$br. VoWrb Jar~ bmoH$mZm gmdH$ma, _wgb_mZ d amOH$s`
nwT>mar `mMm \$ma mg hmoV hmoVm. lr_hmamOm`m Q>Q>H$Sy>Z J[a~mZm A,
d, Km|JS>r B`mXr _mo\$V {Xbo OmD$ bmJbo. `mZm amoOJma {Xbm Jobm.
`m`mgmR>r AmfYmonMmamMr _mo\$V gmo` Ho$br. `mZm eoVr`m ZdrZ nVrMr
AmoiI H$$Z {Xbr. `m`m dmBQ> gd`r Xya H$a`mgmR>r lr_hmamO `Zerb
AgV. `m`m _wbmZm {eH${d`mgmR>r mogmhZ {Xbo OmB. `mZm dm,
nopgbr, nwVHo$ B`mXr _mo\$V {Xbo OmB. `mMr JdVmZo emH$mabobr Kao
nmdgm`mV JiV AgV hUyZ lr_hmamOmZr VoWrb hOmamo Kao _Jbmoar H$mbmZr
_mo\$V emH$m$Z {Xbr. Odinmg`m Jmdm_`o nm`mMr H$_VaVm hmoVr, hUyZ
Q>Q>H$Sy>Z drg _bmd$Z nmUr AmUyZ Q>H$aZo nwadR>m Ho$bm OmD$ bmJbm.
lr_hmamO J[a~m`m JaOm nwad`m~amo~aM `m`m_`o Y_-o_ d
Xoe-o_ `mMr OmUrd {Z_mU H$$ BpN>V hmoVo. `m_wio `m n[agamVrb
Amn_Vb~r bmoH$m`m dmWmbm Y$m nmohmoMy bmJbm. J[a~mZm bmMma ~ZdyZ
`mMo emofU H$a`mMo `mMo `Z `W R>$ bmJbo. `m_wio Vo Hw$amnVr H$mTy>Z
mg XoD$ bmJbo. naVw lr_hmamOmZr I~ranUo `mbm Vm|S> {Xbo Am{U Amnbo
bmoH$-H$`mUmMo H$m_ ZoQ>mZo gw$ R>odbo.
bmoH$m`m g_moa am>{Z>m d Y_{Z>m `mMm AmXe R>od`mgmR>r
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 118

lr_hmamOmZr N>nVr {edmOr _hmamO Am{U lrg_W am_Xmg dm_r `mMo

A{Vr` _maH$ lr{ed-g_WJS>`m $nmZo S>oadU `oWo C^mabo Amho.
S>oadU `oWo {edO`VrMm Cgd _moR>m WmQ>mZo gmOam Ho$bm OmVmo. hOmamo
{ed-o_r Am{U dmaH$ar ^$ _moR>m o_mZo Cgdm`m doir ^` {_adUwH$sV
gh^mJr hmoD$Z Vmo n[aga {edo_mZo d Y_o_mZo ^m$Z Q>mH$VmV.
lr_hmamOmZr {grnmgyZ Xya amhZ bmoH$-H$`mU Am{U na_mWgmYZ `mgmR>r A{dlmV l_ O_^a Ho$bo d Am`Y_mMm dO Zoh_r \$S>H$drV
R>odbm. ho H$m` H$arV-H$arV `mZr demI H$U {VnXm, eH 1911; a{ddma,
{X. 21 _o 1989 amoOr Xoh R>odbm.
AmO `m`m H$m`mMm {dVma Pmbobm Amho. `mMo Cmam{YH$mar n.
ny. lrAemoH$H$mH$m _hmamO ho gnyU e$s{Zer Amn`m gXJw$Mo d^d
dmT>{d`mgmR>r H$m`aV AmhoV. lr_hmamOm`m oaUoZo S>oadU `oWo, lrdm_r
g_W-lram_ _{Xa Am{U dm_r g_W CmZ C^mabo Jobo Amho. OdiM
gwgm Aer BJOr emim Am{U lr_hmamOmMo {e`mom_ ^$lo> H$_bmH$anV
b_U dmbmdbH$a `m`m ZmdmZo \$ma _moR>o Umb` C^o am{hbo Amho. ho
200 ImQ>mMo Umb` gwgm AgyZ, `oWo gd dH$s` gw{dYm d CnMma
AmhoV. ho BQ>aZoQ>Zo OmoS>bo AgyZ XoemVrb d {dXoemVrb Vk S>mQ>a `oWo
`oVmV. S>m. ~mUmdbr `m`m `Zm_wio d _w~B`m Q>mQ>m _o_mo[a`b`m _XVrZo
H$ga`m VnmgUrgmR>r d {V~YmgmR>r VrZ {OmV 80 S>mQ>g d H$_Mmar
`mMo nWH$ PQ>V Amho. Vmo|S>m`m d J^me`m`m H$ga`m e{H$`m `oWo
_mo\$V Ho$`m OmVmV. VoWo EH$ gwgm Z{gJ H$mboO CKS>bo Amho. _w~B (AYoar
n{_) `oWo A$bH$moQ> {Zdmgr lrXmmo`mdVma ^JdmZ lrdm_r g_W `mMo
\$ma gwaoI _{Xa ~Zbo Amho. `m gd {R>H$mUr {Z`-Z{_{mH$ AZw>mZ d Cgd
gmOao Ho$bo OmVmV, `m_wio Y_OmJVr Am{U bmoH$mMo Mm[a` KS>{d`mMo _moR>o
H$m_ Mmbbo Amho. Vo lr_hmamOmMr Aj` H$sVu ngadrV Amho.
***
gXm`mMr nanam / 119

&& lrgXJw$ am_mZX VdamO &&

( lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMo {e` Am{U lr~m~m _hmamO gh~wo `mMo {e`
lr. {d. J. Omoer D$\$ lr{XJ~aXmg _hmamO mam a{MV )
ggmar ~h H$> hmoD${Z Vwbm Pmbm{g ~m AmV Vy &
emoYm`m {ZOXod [hS>{g OZr gmS>mo{Z`m dmW Vy &
lrdm_r JwXm ^oQw>{Z Vwbm Ho$bo VwPo gmWH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m n{X AVm R>drVgo _VH$ &&
1
dm_tZr H$a R>o{dVm {e[a Vw`m Vw`m gwIm bm^gr &
hmodmoZr _Z nyU C_Z VwPo _w$sgwIt aJgr &
_mS>moZr gH$bmW bm{H$H$ BWo Pmbm{g $nmo_wI &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
2
Jwdmkm {e[a _m` Vr H${Z`m Jobm{g aodmVQ>t &
VoW| H$> ~h H${Z {\$agr `m Z_Xo`m VQ>r &
Jmogmdr ~h nrSw>Zr VwO{g ~m Pmbm VwPm godH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
3
\$moJra~wdm{g ~moYw{Z Vwdm gX-kmZ `m XrYbo &
gmZodm{_Vr {ZOm_{hV V|, dm g` ~m Xm{db| &
nyUmZX Jwd$n VwObm ^oQ>o VfmhmaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m n{X AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
4
`mKmMo d$nm Yamo{Z VwObm dm_r [VWo ^oQ>Vr &
Amho _r AOwZr Aer VwOVr XoVr MrVrM Vr &
`mnm`t Z{_Vm {ZJd ~Zgr dm_r VwPo VmaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
5
ZH$s`w$ Obme`mV ~wS>Vm dm H$mVwH$m Xm{dbo &
Xohr{V H$er {Odmgr ^wbdr g`m{g`m ~mo{Yb| &
g`kmZ MrVr XoD${Z V`m Pmbm{g gajH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
6
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 120

_mohm`m VwObm _R>m{YnVrMr H$`m OYr nmVbr &

AV_yI H$amo{Z d[m Anwbr dm doi Vr {O{H$br &
VO`mqZ jUmojUt a_w{Z`m, hmogr {Odm oaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &
doS>m h> Yamo{Z _mJV Vwbm XoB _bm ~mU Vmo &
OmdmoZr Oqb MeoIa {Xbm Pmbm V`t emV Vmo &
bmoH$s nmh{Z`m M_H${V Aer Ho$bo VwPo H$mVwH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
Xoer gda H$m`Hw$O d{ZVo bmJr MrVr Iar &
Am_mZm_ {dMma ~moqY a_Vm VnVm Vo dar &
mVo `OwZr gXm hg{g Vy gX~w{Mm oaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
doXmgr na Oo {ZOm_gwI Vo dm AVar ^mo{Jb| &
{Z`mZX nXt gXd ~gw{Z g{N>` Vo Vm[abo &
{e`m ajw{Z`m BhmW na{h Xogr V`m ggwI &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>drVgo _VH$ &&
dm_r`m dMZ| {Odm{g Va`m Xogr Iam _mJ Vmo &
~moYo Vd_{g ~w H$[agr Omo H$s ^dm Zm{eVmo &
nyUo_ H$nm X>r> Vd ~m rVmn ghmaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm RodrVgo _VH$ &&
~m~mMo {e[a hV R>odw{Z Vwdm Zobo nao`m na &
$nr aJdwZr H$VmW H$$Zr Amkm{nb| gda &
Mmbm`m OqJ gXm` Anwbm Ho$b| V`m VmaH$ &
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m nqX AVm R>odrVgo _VH$ &&
Vw`m nw`{XZr Vw`mM MaUr, dmH$nwn ho A[nVm &o
VoUo Vmof{w Z`m {Odm{g gwIdr, `mMr dam _mJVm| &
Xmgmgr dnt gXm pWadwZr, XoB d$nr gwI&
( Xo Am_nr gwI & )
am_mZXJwamo Vw`m n{X AVm R>odrVg| _VH$ &&
VdamO / 121

10

11

12

13

am_mZX Vdm{g `m nR>Vr Oo {ZaVa &

`eH$s{V V`m bm^o hmoVr Vo hf{Z^a &
Xw:IX` hamo{Z`m YZYm` g_pdV &
hmodmoZr B> H$m`mgr gmYo `m Amnwbo {hV &&

14

H$mQw>{~H$ gwImMr Jw{H$br

&& lrgXJwMaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&

lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMr O_Hw$S>br

(O. g. D$\$ Vm`mgmho~ H$aXrH$aH$V)
O_ eHo$ 1760, _mK ew 7, A>_rMm j`, _Jidma, doi-XmoZ
ha, BJOr VmarI 22 OmZodmar 1838, O_ Zj - ApdZr, MVwW MaU,
_of amer, gy` _hmZj, ldU, adr _H$a amerV
12 am.

2
3

1 M.

11 h.
Zo.
10 a. ew.

4
7 Jw.

5
6 Ho$. _.

9 ~w.
8 e.

O_bmV M Ag`mZo doJir am{eHw$S>br _mS>bobr Zmhr. O_doi

ZH$s Pmbobr Zmhr. _moK_ XmoZ ha hQ>bo Amho. `m_wio O_b _rZ
Yamdo, H$s _of `m~b bmoH$mg eH$m dmQ>Vo, naVw OmVH$Vdm_mUo gJio `moJ
VnmgyZ nmhVm O_b _of hoM {ZpMV Amho.

gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 122

lr~rS>H$a _hmamO `mMo {dMma

1. KamVrb Ywgnyg
KamV Oa EH$ ^mD$ {_i{dVm Agob Am{U Xwgam ^mD$ ~oH$ma Agob,
Va Amn`m l_m_`o d gnmr_`o Xwg`m ^mdmZohr dmQ>oH$ar hmdo, Ago
dmQ>`mOmoJo _moR>o _Z {_i{d`m ^mdmH$S>o ZgVo. _J `m`m ~m`H$m_`o bhmZ_moR>onUmMr ^mdZm ng$ bmJVo. ZUXm-^mdO`m `mMo nQ>V Zmhr. gmgygwZoMo nQ>V Zmhr. KamVrb H$`m nwfmMr H$moVr ~wr, hoM `mMo _w` H$maU
hmo`. `mMo Xwbj Pmbo H$s MwJ`m-MhmS>m gw$ hmoVmV. `mda {ddmg
R>odbm H$s Hw$Qw>~mMr B_maV T>mgiy bmJVo. Im`m-{n`md$Z d H$Yr-OmV
H$m_md$Z KamV {dVw>o `oD$ bmJVmV. H$m_ Ho$`m_wio _Zw` {POV Zmhr qH$dm
H$m_ Z Ho$`mZo _Zw` dmT>V Zmhr. EImmZo {M_wQ>^a OmV Imbo qH$dm
H$nS>o MmJbo dmnabo Va _ZmV Ii~i _mO{dUmar jw d H$moVr ~wr H$m
Yamdr ? XdmZo {_imbo Amho, `mV AmZX _mZmdm. _ZmMr jwVm, H$moVonUm,
Hw$pgVnUm d Ag{hUwVm `m AdJwUm_wio nmnm_`o ^a nS>Vo. Am-B> d
Am{lV bmoH$m`m AgVmofm_wio Amn`mM ^a^amQ>rbm AS>Wim `oVmo, hUyZ
`m Jmo>r AmJrgma`m OmiyZ amI H$$Z Q>mH$Um`m AmhoV, Ago g_OyZ
`m`mnmgyZ {^D$Z dmJmd
2. ^mD$~XH$s
^mD$~XH$sMo _yi A`V bmo^, _ga d Ah_`Vm `m_`o AgVo,
_r _moR>m Agm AhH$ma ~miJy ZH$m. Amn`m mrVrb WmoS>m dmQ>m Xwg`m
^mdmH$S>o Jobm, Va KmgmKrg H$$ ZH$m. Vmo H$mhr MmoamZo Zobm Zmhr, Amn`m
^mdmH$S>oM Jobm, Ago hU`mOmoJo CXma _Z ~miJm. Amnbo nmaS>o hbHo$
Jw{H$r >/ 123

hmoVo, hUyZ Xwg`m`m nmaS>mVrb H$mTy>Z KoD$ ZH$m. `mEodOr Amn`m

nmaS>mV Xwg`m Jmo>tMr ^a Kmb`mMr Bfm ~miJm. Ka`m ^mS>UmV Hw$Umbm
_`W H$$ ZH$m qH$dm H$moQ>~mOr H$$ ZH$m. `mV An`eM AgVo. WmoS>r
Yg gmogyZ _moR>onUm {_idm. AmOZm`m ViVimQ>m_wio {OVHo$ ZwH$gmZ hmoVo,
{VVHo$ ZwH$gmZ eyMr Vbdmagwm H$$ eH$V Zmhr.
***

lr~rS>H$a _hmamOmMr AmaVr

O` Xod O` Xod O` O` Jwam`m &
gXJw am_mZXm H$UmH$a gX`m && Yw0 &&

dm_r-gmXm`r CV_ Vwhr &

d$nmZwgYmZr aV Am_mam_r &
{ZOXoh H$>{dbm OZ{hV H$m_r &
eX Anwam nS>o Vd JwU dUm` &&

Xohr Am_m Xmdw{Z OS>OZ C[abo &

~moYm_V nmOmoZr ^dnma Ho$bo &
Bhna gwI_`-OrdZ {ZO{e`m {XYbo &
MaUne} OmB niwZr Xw[a _m`m &&

Ord-{ed Eo` Vwhr KS>drVm &

gmo@h-^mdo Am_-aJr aJ{dVm &
H$UmgmJa Jw hmo ^$m C[aVm &
Xmg {dRy> d{XVgo nXH$_bmgr `m &&

&& lrgXJwMaUmaqdXmnU_Vw &&

***
gmJ`m nbrH$S>Mr Jmo >/ 124

125