BACHELOR OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION WITH HONOURS

SEMESTER MAY 2013

CBCT2203
BASIC CONCEPTS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

MATRICULATION NO :

791016145081001

IDENTITY CARD NO.

791016-14-5081

TELEPHONE NO. :

019-6641264

E-MAIL

arman_saad@yahoo.com

LEARNING CENTRE

SHAH ALAM

Page
1

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PAGE

Introduction

Objective Of The Proposal Solution

Required Changes

4 - 12

Anticipated Challenges

12 14

Obtaining Solution

14 19

Conclusion

20

Reference

21

Page
2

1.0 INTRODUCTION
Information Technology (IT) infrastructure flexibility is now being viewed as an organizational
core competency that is necessary for organizations to survive and prosper in rapidly-changing,
competitive and business environments. Information technology is the capability to electronically input
process, store, and output, transmit and receive data and information. It plays a very important role in
todays business world. The result indicates that, complexities may reduce with the help of Information
Technology solutions. The right solution can result in improved productivity and major cost saving
through key advantages such as more accurate supply chain, forecasting and better inventory
management. Information Technology also helps to solve major problems related to customer services
like customer loyalty and customer satisfaction.
The one of the largest retailer companies in Malaysia was TescoSoft Sdn Bhd which was
established in year 2000. Its competitors like Giant, Tesco and Carrefour. For each department in
TescoSoft Sdn Bhd such as Human Resource, Accounting, Marketing, Customer Service and Logistic
has its own IT infrastructure to store data and known as island of information phenomena. It support
business operations and operates day to day tasks. The major problem within several departments in
TescoSoft Sdn Bhd was inability of sharing valuable information and resulted in high redundancy of
data. Therefore, TescoSoft Sdn Bhd need to changes and apply new ideas and system to solve the
problems faced in order to more excellent compare with other giant rivals of retailer companies in
Malaysia.
This report presents the proposal for implementation of IT infrastructure for TescoSoft Sdn Bhd
through IT Departmen after the CEO decide to change and revamp the existing information technology
infrastructure.

Page
3

2.0 OBJECTIVE OF THE PROPOSAL SOLUTION

The purpose of this report is to formulate solution to overcome the problems of the IT
infrastructure in the operation business of TescoSoft Sdn Bhd. To expand the entire business and
successful as a largest retailer company, TescoSoft Sdn Bhd need to ensure that standardized methods
and procedures are used for efficient handling of all changes such as all department regardless of their
location can immediate access all important data sharing between all department. Selecting the right
solution in term of performance, security, timing and cost saving is driven by the process and
technology requirement to bring it all together and achieve the necessary results. With the right IT
infrastructure, all daily transaction for all department in TescoSoft Sdn Bhd will become accurate,
effective, easier and smoother. Nowadays, theres no more an island of information phenomena,
inability sharing data and no proper integration between departments.
3.0 REQUIRED CHANGES
One of the key factors in achieving an organized and efficient in business operations is the use
of information technology infrastructure. TescoSoft Sdn Bhd as a one company need to be changes on
Information Technology infrastructure. Therefore relevant elements need to be considering such as
hardware, software and the people. Based on investigation and research, we found that the best solution
to overcome these problems are changes with minimum cost effective, maximum performance and
achieve the objective and satisfied system by all department in TescoSoft Sdn Bhd.
The main elements of Information Technology infrastructure are Computer or a Personal
Computer (PC). Computer is a special machine that performs tasks such as calculations, data
processing and handling, electronic communication etc. under the control of a set of instructions called
Program. Mostly for a business purposes, desktop and notebook are designed to fit conveniently on
the surface of a desk or workspace and it suitable for company because it is very easy to use and long
time. The major components of infrastructure are hardware, software and people.

Page
4

3.1 HARDWARE
Hardware is a generic term used to describe any component of a computer system with a
physical presence and which can, therefore, been seen and touched. Hardware components are often
categorized as being input, output, storage or processing components. Devices which are not an integral
part of the CPU are referred to as being peripherals. Peripherals are usually used for input, storage or
output (such as a hard disk, keyboard or printer). A device does not necessarily have to be outside the
same physical box as the CPU. The best example of this is the hard disk, which is a peripheral even
though it is not usually housed within the main case. Below are the main hardware components of a
computer system.

Input devices are hardware devices which take information from the user of the computer system,
convert it into electrical signals and transmit it to the processor. The primary function of input devices
is to allow humans to interact with the computer system. For instance a mouse allows the user to
control the movement of the pointer (a common element in user interface design).
Output devices take data from the computer system and convert it to a form that can be interpreted by
humans. For instance a monitor creates a visual electronic display to output information created by the
processor to the user.
Processing devices are the components responsible for the processing of information within the
computer system. This includes devices such as the CPU, memory and motherboard.
Storage devices are components which allow data to be stored within a computer system. This includes
devices such as hard disk drives and compact disk drives.
Page
5

It is well known that hardware advances always precede advances in software technology. Changes in
hardware affect the way the design databases, the way implement database and most important, the way
that tune databases.
Here are the areas where we see the advances in hardware technology and the impact on
system:

Disk As disk becomes cheaper, it deliberately introduce redundancy into schema, pre-joining
tables together with redundant columns to improve runtime performance. In systems views are also
used to pre-join tables, allowing for redundant first normal form representations of normalized
systems.

RAM As RAM becomes cheaper it can see the widespread adoption of solid-state databases,
systems where the tablespaces are mapped to SSD RAM disks with access speeds hundreds of
times faster than platter disks. It also has their Times Ten database and the Database cache 11g
products for solid-state computing.

CPU As processor costs fall, we are seeing widespread server consolidation, as shops abandon
the one-server, one-database approach in favor of large centralized servers with 32 and 64 on-board
processors. Along with this movement comes increased power from parallelism, whereby full-table
scan operations can happen up to 60 x faster than single processor systems.

Page
6

3.2 SOFTWARE
Software is a set of instructions, stored digitally within the computer's memory, which tells the
computer system what to do. Software components of a computer system have no physical presence;
they are stored in digital form within computer memory. There are different categories of software,
including system software, utilities and applications software. Software can also be described as being
either generic or bespoke.
System software is the software used to manage and control the hardware components and which
allow interaction between the hardware and the other types of software. The most obvious type of
system software is the computer's operating system but device drivers are also included within this
category.
Utility software is software such as anti-virus software, firewalls, disk defragmenters and so on which
helps to maintain and protect the computer system but does not directly interface with the hardware.
Applications software (also known as 'apps') is designed to allow the user of the system complete a
specific task or set of tasks. They include programs such as web browsers, office software, games and
so on. They are usually the reason you bought the computer system in the first place and aren't
concerned with the management or maintenance of the system itself.
Any individual software package, whichever of the above types it falls into, can be either generic (or
'off-the-shelf') or it can be bespoke (custom-built). Generic software is mass produced with the
intention that it will be used by a wide variety of different users in a range of different situations.
Bespoke software is created for a specific purpose which will be used in a known environment.
Often generic software is used when there is a package available that meets the needs of the user.
Because it is used by many more people the cost of creating it is spread over a greater number of
people or organizations and so the cost to the individual is much lower. It also has the advantage that it
is available immediately there's no waiting time involved while the software package is designed,
created and tested. Bespoke software has the advantage that it can be tailor made to exact specifications
but it significantly more expensive and will take time to create.

Page
7

In the market, there are many types of application software. Application software utilizes the capacity
of a computer directly to a dedicated task. Application software is able to manipulate text, numbers and
graphics. Word processing software is software that enables the users to create and edit documents.
Example such as Microsoft Office 2007 and 2010. Database software allows you to create and
manage a database. A database is a collection of data organized to allow access, retrieval, and use of
that data. A query is used to retrieve data according to specified criteria, which are restrictions the
data must meet. Presentation graphics software is used to create presentations that communicate
ideas, messages, and other information to a group through a slide show. You can use a clip gallery to
enhance your presentation with clip art images, pictures, video clips, and audio clips. A personal
information manager (PIM) is software that includes an appointment calendar to schedule
activities, an address book to maintain names and addresses, and a notepad to record ideas, reminders,
and important information. A software suite is a collection of individual applications sold as a single
package. Project management software allows you to plan, schedule, track, and analyze the progress
of a project. Accounting software helps companies record and report their financial transactions.Power
users often use software that allows them to work with graphics and multimedia. Computer-aided
design (CAD) software assists in creating engineering, architectural, and scientific designs. Desktop
publishing (DTP) software is used to design and produce sophisticated documents. DTP is developed
specifically to support page layout, which is the process of arranging text and graphics in a document.
Paint software is used to draw graphical images with various on-screen tools. Image editing
software provides the capability to modify existing images. Video editing software and audio editing
software can be used to modify video and audio segments. Multimedia authoring software is used to
create electronic interactive presentations that can include text, images, video, audio, and animation.
Web page authoring software is designed to create Web pages and to organize, manage, and maintain
Web sites.
TescoSoft Sdn Bhd need to select the suitable software for each department based on
requirement and needs. It allow the better performance and excellent technology.

Page
8

3.3 PEOPLE
A competent employee is an employee knowing their job and performing it well, someone who
is also reliable and responsible. Therefore, TescoSoft Sdn Bhd must be considered the new vacancy in
IT Department since the company implements the new Information Technology (IT) infrastructure.
With the excellent and capabilities the systems, only the qualified and experience employee can
manage based on the business requirement. All candidates (people) that successful signing the new job
will directly report to IT Manager. Stated are below, the new vacancy with the detail of job description
and requirement.
a) Network Engineer
Job Description

Providing direction and support to end users; coaching and mentoring designated staff in
network engineering projects for data traffic and network enhancements.

Develop and implement plans to accommodate network growth, security, and

enhancements by maximizing functionality of network equipment (e.g. routers,
gateways, switches, etc.). Monitor security measures in place within network perimeter,
ensuring security breaches do not occur and information is safeguarded from
unauthorized users, etc.

Job Requirement

A bachelor's degree in computer science, information technology or other computerrelated field.

Have 2 to 4 years working experience

Page
9

b) Database Administration
Job Description

Develop high performance relational databases.

Develop and implement maintenance and administration procedures for the database
systems.

Ensure that backups are performed regularly on all databases.

Ensure that database systems are adequately monitored. Develop and implement a plan
to ensure maximum reliability and availability of database system. Proactively monitor
database system status to determine early warning signs of problems.

Author and maintain scripts to perform various aspects of administration. The DBA will
document these scripts and maintain them in the source repository.

Develop and maintain database documentation, including data standards, procedures and
definitions for the data dictionary (metadata)

Job Requirement

A bachelor's degree in computer science, information technology or other computerrelated field.

related DB administration experience 2 to 5 years

Database layouts on high performance disk subsystems experience.

c) Web Designer
Job Description

Page
10

Designing user interface, tools and web pages following the companies branding
guidelines and web best practices

Design and build robust flash banners using a variety of graphics software applications,
techniques, and tools

Job Requirement

2-4 years experience creating user-centered web solutions.

Working knowledge of the capabilities/limits of current web technologies (JQuery,

HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Movable Type, AJAX, Flash, CSS etc.)

d) Web Designer
Job Description

Designing user interface, tools and web pages following the companies branding
guidelines and web best practices

Design and build robust flash banners using a variety of graphics software applications,
techniques, and tools

Job Requirement

2-4 years experience creating user-centered web solutions.

Working knowledge of the capabilities/limits of current web technologies (JQuery,

HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Movable Type, AJAX, Flash, CSS etc.)

e) Software Engineer
Job Description

Maintenance of operating versions of Scala

Page
11

Development of new functionality in current versions

Preparation of lower-level design

Development of Database structure

Possible involvement in other activities as required

Job Requirement

Higher Education or 2-3 years experience in programming

Working knowledge of the capabilities/limits of current web technologies (JQuery,

HTML, XHTML, JavaScript, Movable Type, AJAX, Flash, CSS etc.)

Other alternatives, the company should give the training to all existing staff for introduce
the new system with the new IT infrastructure that apply for each department. Other side, the
manual of the new system should be provided by qualified trainer to ensure the understanding
for each staff.

4.0 ANTICIPATING CHALLENGES

Although the TescoSoft Sdn Bhd focused primarily on the revamping the new Information
Technology (IT) infrastructure for each department, it has become more extremely challenging when
unnecessary factors will be exist during the implementation of revamping project. The most important
elements that involve in the anticipating challenges such as organizational change requirement, new
cost for hiring new staff in IT department and find and Choose new system. Therefore to eliminate
for these factors, the best Information Technology (IT) infrastructure must be choose to ensure the
companys goal are achieve.
4.1 ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE REQUIREMENT

Page
12

Change the organizational in the company, can create significant challenges and displacements
in organizations due to the difficulty of many individuals, groups and institutions to adapt to change.
While initiating organizational changes, the challenges may be faced as below:

Not Enough Time - A common plea at the beginning of any change effort. This challenge
represents a valuable opportunity for reframing the way that workplaces are organized, to
provide flexibility and time for reflection and innovation.

No Support - Some managers believe that asking for help is a sign of incompetence; others are
unaware of the coaching and support they need. Meeting this challenge means building the
capabilities for finding the right help and for mentoring each other to develop successful
innovations.

Building Commitment - Creating a compelling picture for change is an important part of a

change effort. If people are not sufficiently committed to an initiative's goals, a "commitment
gap" develops and they will not take part wholeheartedly. Building commitment depends on
candid conversations about the reasons for change and the commitments people can make.

Leadership values - What happens when there is a mismatch between the things the boss says
and his or her actual behavior? People do not expect perfection, but they recognize when
leaders are not sincere or open. If executive and line managers do not provide an atmosphere of
trust and authenticity, then genuine change cannot move forward.

4.2 NEW COST FOR HIRING NEW STAFF

Every business exists because the proceeds to be received by the company. As such the
company will find the most effective alternative in reducing the company's cost but at the same
time it is profitable for the company, In optimizing costs, companies should focus on the
optimization of their existing workforce, infrastructure and reduce operating expenses.The
company can provide training for existing employees to relocate new IT infrastructure is
divided rather than recruiting new staff. This will help to reduce the cost in human capital or
even in the company's workforce and at the same time will be a morale booster for
employees.Companies should also take into account the cost of communication such as the need
Page
13

for the internets, telephone, video conferencing and faxs. The company has to find and choose
the most appropriate telecommunications provider that can offer the best package. Existing
telecommunications providers such as nets, Celcom, DiGi, Maxis and TMNET will give a
different price packages.
4.2 FIND AND CHOOSE NEW SYSTEM
Nowdays there are many types, models and brands of an IT infrastructure available in he
markets. To find and choose the latest technology with the lowest price is not the easy task,most
suitable infrastructures in market is expensive. For example, a Desktop PC running with Intel
i5-3570 Processor (3.4Ghz), 4GB 1600Mhz, 250GB 16MB cache SATA 6.0Gb/s 7200RPM are
difficult to find in the market or maybe a higher cost to obtain even to maintain it, and its not a
suitable choice for the company. There are various IT infrastructure suppliers such as HewlettPackade (HP), ACER, DELL, SONY, AMD, Asus, Fujitsu, Compaq, Hitachi, IBM and many
more. They can afford to give best price offer for their products in packages including services.

4.0 OBTAINING SOLUTION

To get the right IT infrastructure with the latest technology and lower costs, the company has focused
on three challenges mentioned above. Is most suitable for use with Business Desktop Basic Types and
multitasking compared Notebook or Laptop for the components and parts of the spare parts are cheap
and readily available market. to reduce the cost of appropriate and effective training is suitable for
adaptation to the existing staff is more profitable than hiring a new employee, except that it will
improve the skills and competencies. Telecommunications packages are available for a variety of
telecommunications providers are racing to offer package-lowest package for corporate customers
where the package is arranged to suit the needs of the company. Additionally the company may also
consider the following criteria for the IT infrastructure such as purchasing, lease or rent. For the long
term, buying is the best solution because it is cheaper to compare lease or rent. as well as the ability to
change components at any time. But there are drawbacks as purchase cost rather than lease or rent.

Page
14

Service Levels
Tier
Bronze

Silver

Gold

Platinum

Description of Service

End Users receive 24/7 telephone Service Desk support only, as per
the Bronze level SLA.

Deskside support is not provided for End Users in the Bronze service
tier. End Users must bring or ship equipment to a location specified by the
equipment vendor for service.

End Users receive 24/7 telephone Service Desk support and

services/performance targets described in the Silver level SLA.

Seat Management hardware-break/fix and software support for

personal computing devices, including any government-approved
peripherals, such as printers, scanners, etc.

Encompasses installation of PC; Move/Add/Change (MACs) per

SLAs; unlimited help desk calls; core image software support; missionrequired software support; deskside support; and patch management.

End Users receive all services identified in the Silver Tier.

Reduced response times as per the Gold level SLA. End Users in this
category receive full support as per the SLAs.

End Users in this category receive all services identified in the Gold
Tier.

Reduced response times as per the Platinum level SLA, which is

equivalent to kid glove treatment.

Immediate deskside support for all incidents.

ITIO FY11 Rates

Monthly Rate

Desktop and Laptop Computers

Bronze
Service

Silver
Service

Gold
Service

Platinum
Service

Standard Desktop HP COMPAQ 8000 Elite

SFF Business PC with 2GB PC3-10600 memory
(2x1GB), 160GB SATA 3.5 first hard drive, HP
LCD speakers, HP COMPAQ (LA1951g) LCD

$237.68

$260.02

$350.04

$418.93

Page
15

monitor
Power User Desktop HP COMPAQ 8000 Elite
SFF Business PC with 3GB PC3-10600 memory
(1GB+2GB), 160GB SATA 3.5 first hard drive, HP
LCD speakers, HP COMPAQ (LA1951g) LCD
monitor
Short Duration Use of Standard Desktop
Computer (One month minimum, Silver level
service tier only)
Standard Laptop HP-0 6930 BL399US, 2GB
800DDR2 2DM 6930p memory, 160G 7200RPM
FX 6930p hard drive, HP COMPAQ (LA1751g)
LCD monitor
Travel Laptop HP-2530p BL401US, 2048MB
800DDR2 1DM 2503p memory, 80GB 2530p SSD
drive
Power User Laptop HP-8530w Mobile
Workstation BL400US, 2048MB 800DDR2
1DM 2503p memory, 80GB 2530p SSD drive

$264.22

$267.26

$357.28

$426.18

N/A

$352.02

N/A

N/A

$281.63

$307.70

$412.71

$493.07

$328.92

$334.05

$433.93

$514.30

$328.92

$334.05

$433.93

$514.30

Network Printers
Type 1 - Black and White Laser Printer Print speed: 35 ppm; Print resolution: 600 x 600 dpi;
Duty cycle: Up to 200,000; Paper input capacity: Up to 2,000; Memory: 128MB, 10/100BaseT
Ethernet; Two-sided printing; Confidential printing
Type 2 - Black and White Laser Printer Print speed: 50 ppm; Print resolution: 1200 x 1200
dpi; Duty cycle: Up to 300,000; Paper input capacity: Up to 2,000; Memory: 256MB,
10/100BaseT Ethernet; Two-sided printing; Confidential printing
Type 1 - Color Laser Printer Print speed: 30 ppm in B&W and 15 ppm in color; Print
resolution: 600 x 600 dpi with 2400 image quality; Duty cycle: Up to 90,000; Paper input
capacity: Up to 2,000; Memory: 256MB, 10/100BaseT Ethernet; Two-sided printing;
Confidential printing
Type 2 - Color Laser Printer Print speed: 40 ppm in B&W and 30 ppm in color; Print
resolution: 600 x 600 dpi with 2400 image quality; Duty cycle: Up to 90,000; Paper input
capacity: Up to 2,000; Memory: 512MB, 10/100BaseT Ethernet; Two-sided printing;
Confidential printing
Wide Format Laser Printer Print speed: 35 ppm; Print resolution: 1200 x 1200 dpi; Duty
cycle: Up to 200,000; Paper input capacity: Up to 2,000; Memory: 256MB, 10/100BaseT
Ethernet; Two-sided printing
Desktop Printers
Page
16

Monthly Rate
$313.68

$338.38

$331.15

$366.75

$465.03

Monthly Rate

Black and White or Color Laser Printer

$92.28

Installation One-time charge to install government-owned desktop printer. No support

provided after installation. No monthly service or management fees charged
Multi-function Device with CPU Support Desktop printer/scanner/fax

$104.28

LAN Connectivity Only

Local Area Network (LAN) Connectivity One (1) 100 Mbps network connection for an end
device. Location is pre-wired and connected to the ITSC-Net. Prior approval is required
BlackBerry

$67.39

Monthly Rate
$96.31

Monthly Rate

BlackBerry Asset provided with managed service. Includes monthly carrier service charge

$222.55

International Services

$155.86

International Dialing Services

$13.52

Broadband/Modem Internet Services

$115.37

GPS Service

$74.28

Push-to-talk

$73.00

Help Desk Support (only) Monthly management fee for each government-owned BlackBerry
asset

$70.74

Infrastructure

Monthly Rate

100 Mbps Network Connection Provided for one end device. Location is pre-wired and
connected to the ITSC-Net. Prior approval is required
Connection Only - Prior approval is required

$96.31

Basic Support

$115.57

Basic Support and Backup

$298.57

Page
17

TBD

Basic Support, Backup and Operating System (OS) Management

$780.13

HHSNet Phase II

$3.81

HHSNet Phase III

$4.61

Monthly Rate
Standard Mailbox

$14.03

1GB Storage

$31.70

BlackBerry (email connection)

$4.48

Business Application Hosting (Physical) GOCO

GOCO (Government-Owned, Contractor-Operated) Bronze Service Tier 24/7/365 technical support; client server
and network monitoring; Virtual Private Network (VPN) with secure remote access; server configuration and
provisioning services; server management; managed firewall; information security services; housed in a Tier 3
facility. Service Level Agreements (SLAs) are available based upon the customers unique needs.
Business Application Hosting (Physical) COCO
COCO (Contractor-Owned, Contractor-Operated) Bronze Service Tier 24/7/365 technical support; client server an
network monitoring; VPN with secure remote access; server configuration and provisioning services; server
management; managed firewall; information security services; housed in a Tier 3 facility. SLAs are available based
upon the customers unique needs.

P2 2 sockets x 2 Cores x 8GB RAM

P4 2 sockets x 4 Cores x 16GB RAM

P6 2 sockets x 6 Cores x 32GB RAM

PS1 Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 Server, 1x4 Core

8GB

PS2 Sun SPARC Enterprise T5120 Server, 1x8 Core

16GB

PS3 Sun SPARC Enterprise T5140 Server, 2x8 Core

32GB

Business Application Hosting (Virtual)

Private Cloud Server Instance (Virtual) Bronze Service Tier 24/7/365 technical support; client server and network
Page
18

monitoring; VPN with secure remote access; server configuration and provisioning services; server management;
managed firewall; information security services; housed in a Tier 3 facility.

V1 1GHz x 1GB of RAM with burst capability

to 1.5GHz and 1.5GB

Vplus 2GHz x 2GB of RAM (available only

with V4)

V2 2GHz x 2GB of RAM with burst capability

to 3GHz and 3GB

V4 4GHz x 4GB of RAM with burst capability

to 6GHz and 6GB

Public Cloud Server Instance (Virtual on Demand) Bronze Service Tier 24/7/365 technical support; client server;
VPN with remote access; predefined template-based server imaging and configuration; basic firewall with standard
sets of ports blocked; server reimaging. Best used for test and development servers; co-located.

C1 1GHz x 1GB of RAM with burst capability

to 1.5GHz and 1.5GB

C2 2 GHz x 2GB of RAM with burst capability

to 3GHz and 3GB

C4 4GHz x 4GB of RAM with burst capability

to 6GHz and 6GB
Cplus 2GHz x 2GB of RAM (available only
with C4)

Business Application Hosting Optional Layers

Optional application layers are built on the Bronze Service Tier, which provides 24/7/365 technical support; client
server and network monitoring; VPN with secure remote access; server configuration and provisioning services;
server management; managed firewall; information security services; housed in a Tier 3 facility.
Silver Service
Includes Bronze Package services plus: OS patches and upgrades, user management, release management, problem
management, incident management, OS monitoring, reporting and tuning system.
Gold Service
Includes Silver Package services plus: log management, change management, server load balancing and clustering.
Platinum Service
Includes Gold Package services plus: log management and analysis, capacity management and reporting, low-level
disaster recovery.

Storage Services
SAN Storage Managed services for storage per GB (TB) per month
Data Storage Replication Price per GB (TB) of replication
Managed Backup Services Managed services for backup, restore, offsite storage and tape storage per GB (TB) pe
month

Page
19

5.0 CONCLUSION
In solving problems TescoSoft Pvt. Ltd., to make changes and find the best solution to ensure IT
infrastructure at par with rival competitors such as Giant, Tesco, Jusco and Carrefour in retailing. The
inability to share valuable information among departments within the company will be eliminated by
the analysis performed. The three main elements associated with the company and are required to
change proposals such as hardware, software and staff who have been trained or skilled in need to build
the company.
Companies need to evaluate and choose the best solution for hardware and software as well as create
and hire competent staff to optimize new IT capabilities. Performance of the company depends on the
challenge because of the confidence the company to revamp the existing IT infrastructure such as cost,
skills and choose the best solution that fits the needs of the company were discussed and decided.
Among the key areas that need to be taken care of by the company are: (I) Performance efficiency effectiveness,
(Ii) hardware and software support,
(Iii) Installation and training support,
(Iv) Maintenance and operational support,
(V) Ease of use and flexibility, and
(Vi) support Manufacturing.

In ensuring the success of the company, the main point to be emphasized is that the welfare of our
employees is always guaranteed, and all employees are always able to work together

Page
20

REFERENCES

Bhatt, G. D., & Emdad, A. F. (2010). An empirical examination of the relationship between
information technology (IT) infrastructure, customer focus, and business advantages. Journal of
Systems and Information Technology, 12(1), 4-16.

Bhatt, G. D., & Grover, V. (2005). Types of information technology capabilities and their role in
competitive advantage: An empirical study. Journal of Management Information Systems,
22(2), 253-277.

Broadbent, M., Weill, P., & Neo, B. (1999). Strategic context and patterns of IT infrastructure
capability* 1. The Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 8(2), 157-187.

Dai, Q., Kauffman, R. J., & March, S. T. (2007). Valuing information technology
infrastructures: a growth options approach. Information Technology and Management, 8(1), 117.

Keen, P. G. W. (1991). Shaping the future: business design through information technology:
Harvard Business School Press Cambridge, MA.

Paul M. Duvall, Steve Matyas, and Andrew Glover (2007). Continuous Integration: Improving
Software Quality and Reducing Risk. (1st ed.). Addison-Wesley Professional. ISBN 0-32133638-0.

Cash, James I., Nitin Nohria, and Robert Eccles, eds. 1994. Building the InformationAge
Organization: Structure, Control, and Information Technologies, Boston: Irwin.

Cohen, Don and Laurence Prusak. 2001. In Good Company: How Social Capital Makes
Organizations Work, Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press.

Day, Diana. 1994. Raising Radicals: Different Processes for Championing Innovative
Corporate Ventures. Organization Science 5, no. 2: 148172.

Page
21

Giddens, Anthony. 1976. New Rules of Sociological Method, New York: Basic Books.

Page
22