REFERENCE TO

FOXPRO
FUNCTIONS
Complied By:
Chandrakant Bhosale

#DEFINE ... #UNDEF Preprocessor Directive

Creates and releases compile-time constants.

Syntax
#DEFINE ConstantName eExpression
...
#UNDEF ConstantName
Arguments
ConstantName
Specifies a compile-time constant name. The constant name must be a
legitimate Microsoft Visual FoxPro name that begins with a letter or an
underscore and consists of up to 254 letters, digits, or underscores. To
improve program readability and simplify debugging, capitalize your constant
names and use a standard naming convention for them.
ImportantDo not use Visual FoxPro keywords for constant names.
To stop text substitution for a constant created with #DEFINE, issue #UNDEF
ConstantName.
eExpression
Specifies the value of the compile-time constant. eExpression can be a name
or an expression that evaluates to a character, numeric, currency, date,
datetime, or logical value.
ImportantDo not use system variables for eExpression. System variables
are not evaluated until run time.
Remarks
The #DEFINE and #UNDEF preprocessor directives are used to create
compile-time constants in programs. By creating constants with #DEFINE
instead of using variables, you can reduce memory consumption, increase
performance, and simplify programs.
To create a constant with #DEFINE, specify the constant's name with
ConstantName and its value with eExpression. When the program is
compiled, text substitution is performed and the constant value expression is
substituted for the constant name wherever it appears in the program. You
can stop the substitution for the constant by issuing #UNDEF.
Substitution occurs only in program lines that follow the #DEFINE statement
that creates the constant and that precede the #UNDEF statement for that
constant. The constant is available only to the program that creates the
constant.
If #DEFINE is placed within an event or method procedure in a form, the
#DEFINE compile-time constant is available only within the event or method
procedure. To make #DEFINE compile-time constants available to all event
and method procedures in a form, choose the Include File menu item from
the Form menu and specify a header file containing the #DEFINE compiletime constants.
Note that compile time constants are not recognized when placed within
quotation marks.
#IF ... #ENDIF Preprocessor Directive

Conditionally includes source code at compile-time.

Syntax
#IF nExpression1 | lExpression1
Commands
[#ELIF nExpression2 | #ELIF lExpression2
Commands
...
#ELIF nExpressionN | #ELIF lExpressionN
Commands]
[#ELSE
Commands]
#ENDIF
Arguments
#IF nExpression1 | lExpression1
Commands
nExpression1 specifies the numeric expression that is evaluated.

If the expression is nonzero, the commands immediately following

#IF are included in the compiled code. The #IF ... #ENDIF structure
is exited, and the first program line following #ENDIF is then
compiled.

If the expression is 0, the commands immediately following #IF are

not included in the compiled code. Any following #ELIF directives
are evaluated.
lExpression1 specifies the logical expression that is evaluated.

If the expression is true (.T.), the commands immediately following

#IF are included in the compiled code. The #IF ... #ENDIF structure
is exited, and the first program line following #ENDIF is then
compiled.

If the expression is false (.F.), the commands immediately following

#IF are not included in the compiled code. Any following #ELIF
directives are evaluated.
NoteDo not specify system variables for nExpression1 or
lExpression1. System variables are not evaluated until run time.

#ELIF nExpression2 | #ELIF lExpression2

Commands
...
#ELIF nExpressionN | #ELIF lExpressionN
Commands

If nExpression1 is 0 or lExpression1 is false (.F.), the #ELIF directives are

evaluated. The first #ELIF expression nExpression2 or lExpression2, if
present, is evaluated. If nExpression2 is nonzero or lExpression2 is true (.T.),
the commands following #ELIF are included in the compiled code. The
#IF ... #ENDIF structure is exited, and the first program line following #ENDIF
is then compiled.
If nExpression2 is 0 or lExpression2 is false (.F.), the commands following
#ELIF are not included in the compiled code. The next #ELIF directive is
evaluated.
#ELSE Commands
If no #ELIF directives are included, or if those that are included evaluate to 0
or false (.F.), the presence or absence of #ELSE determines whether any
additional commands are included in the compiled code:

If #ELSE is included, the commands following #ELSE are included in

the compiled code.

If #ELSE is not included, none of the commands between #IF and

#ENDIF are included in the compiled code. The #IF ... #ENDIF
structure is exited, and compilation continues on the first program
line following #ENDIF.

#ENDIF
Indicates the end of the #IF statement.
Remarks
#IF ... #ENDIF can improve the readability of source code, reduce compiled
program size, and, in some cases, improve performance.
When the #IF ... #ENDIF structure is compiled, successive logical or numeric
expressions within the structure are evaluated. The evaluation results
determine which set of Visual FoxPro commands (if any) are included in the
compiled code.
#IFDEF | #IFNDEF ... #ENDIF Preprocessor Directive

Conditionally includes a set of commands at compile time if a compile-time

constant is defined.
Syntax
#IFDEF | #IFNDEF ConstantName
Commands
[#ELSE
Commands]
#ENDIF
Arguments
#IFDEF
Specifies that a set of commands is included at compile time when the
ConstantName is defined.
The following describe how a set of commands is included at compile time
when you include #IFDEF:

If ConstantName is defined, the set of commands following #IFDEF

and preceding #ELSE or #ENDIF (whichever occurs first) is included
at compile time.

If ConstantName is not defined and #ELSE is included, the set of

commands following #ELSE and preceding #ENDIF is included at
compile time.
If ConstantName is not defined and #ELSE is not included, no
commands within the #IFDEF ... #ENDIF structure are included at
compile time.

#IFNDEF
Specifies that a set of commands is included at compile time when the
ConstantName is not defined.
The following describe how a set of commands is included at compile time
when you include #IFNDEF:

If ConstantName is not defined, the set of commands following

#IFNDEF and preceding #ELSE or #ENDIF (whichever occurs first) is
included at compile time.

If ConstantName is defined and #ELSE is included, the set of

commands following #ELSE and preceding #ENDIF is included at
compile time.
If ConstantName is defined and #ELSE is not included, no
commands within the #IFNDEF ... #ENDIF structure are included at
compile time.

ConstantName
Specifies the compile-time constant whose existence determines whether a
set of commands is included at compile time. Compile-time constants are
defined with #DEFINE.
Commands
Specifies the set of commands that is included at compile time.
Remarks
You can nest an #IFDEF | #IFNDEF ... #ENDIF structure within another
#IFDEF | #IFNDEF ... #ENDIF structure.
Comments can be placed on the same line after #IFDEF, #IFNDEF, #ELSE,
and #ENDIF. These comments are ignored during compilation and program
execution.
#INCLUDE Preprocessor Directive

Tells the Visual FoxPro preprocessor to treat the contents of a specified

header file as if it appeared in a Visual FoxPro program.
Syntax

#INCLUDE FileName
Arguments
FileName
Specifies the name of the header file that is merged into the program during
compilation.
You can include a path with the header file name. When you include a path
with the header file name, Visual FoxPro searches for the header file only in
the specified location.
If you do not include a path with the header file name, Visual FoxPro searches
for the header file in the default Visual FoxPro directory, and then along the
Visual FoxPro path. The Visual FoxPro path is specified with SET PATH.
Remarks
You can create header files containing preprocessor directives and then use
#INCLUDE to merge the contents of the header file into a program when the
program is compiled. The contents of the header file are inserted into the
program during compilation at the point where #INCLUDE appears in the
program.
Only the #DEFINE ... #UNDEF and #IF ... #ENDIF preprocessor directives are
recognized in a header file. Comments and Visual FoxPro commands included
in a header file are ignored.
A program can contain any number of #INCLUDE directives. These directives
can appear anywhere within the program. #INCLUDE directives can also
appear in header files, allowing you to nest #INCLUDE directives.
Header files typically have an .h extension, although they can have any
extension. A Visual FoxPro header file, Foxpro.h, is included. It contains many
of the constants described throughout this documentation.
:: Scope Resolution Operator

Runs a parent class method from within a subclass method.

Syntax
cClassName::cMethod
Remarks
The :: operator is used to execute a parent class method from within a
subclass method. When you create a subclass, the subclass methods are
automatically inherited from the parent class. The :: operator lets you
execute the parent class method in the subclass method and then perform
additional processing for the subclass method. The subclass definitions in the
demonstrate how the :: operator is used to execute the parent class method
within a subclass method.
For additional information about the :: scope resolution operator, see Chapter
3, Object-Oriented Programming in the Programmer's Guide.
$ Operator

Returns true (.T.) if a character expression is contained in another character

expression; otherwise, returns false (.F.).
Syntax
cSearchFor $ cSearchIn

Returns
Logical
Arguments
cSearchFor
Specifies the expression looked for within cSearchIn.
cSearchIn
Specifies the expression that is searched to see if it contains cSearchFor.
If cSearchFor is found in cSearchIn, $ returns true (.T.); otherwise, it returns
false (.F.). cSearchFor and cSearchIn can be character-type variables or array
elements, character-type fields, character string literals, or memo fields of
any length.
Memo fields can be manipulated like character expressions, fields in tables,
variables, or array elements. For example, if MEMO_FLD is a memo field, the
following is acceptable:
LIST FOR 'FOX' $ UPPER(memo_fld)
Remarks
If the character expression isn't found, false (.F.) is returned. The $ operator
is case-sensitive and is not Rushmore optimizable.
% Operator

Returns the remainder (modulus) obtained by dividing one numeric

expression into another.
Syntax
nDividend % nDivisor
Arguments
nDividend
Specifies the dividend (numeric expression being divided). The number of
decimal places in nDividend determines the number of decimal places in the
result.
nDivisor
Specifies the divisor (the numeric expression dividing the dividend
nDividend). A positive number is returned if nDivisor is positive; a negative
number if nDivisor is negative. nDivisor cannot be zero.
Remarks
The modulus operator (%) and MOD( ) return identical results.
The modulus operator (%) is an arithmetic operator. Other arithmetic
operators are: + (addition), - (subtraction), * (multiplication), / (division), and
^ (exponentiation). When these operators are combined in a numeric
expression, % has the same precedence as * and /.
For a further discussion of operators and their order of precedence, see the
Operators topic.
& Command

Performs macro substitution.

Syntax
& VarName[.cExpression]
Arguments

& VarName
Specifies the name of the variable or array element to reference in the macro
substitution. Do not include the M. prefix that distinguishes variables from
fields. Such inclusion causes a syntax error. The macro should not exceed the
maximum statement length permitted in Visual FoxPro.
A variable cannot reference itself recursively in macro substitution. For
example, the following generates an error message:
STORE '&gcX' TO gcX
? &gcX
Macro substitution statements that appear in DO WHILE, FOR, and SCAN are
evaluated only at the start of the loop and are not reevaluated on
subsequent iterations. Any changes to the variable or array element that
occur within the loop are not recognized.
.cExpression
The optional period (.) delimiter and .cExpression are used to append
additional characters to a macro. cExpression appended to the macro
with .cExpression can also be a macro. If cExpression is a property name,
include an extra period (cExpression..PropertyName).
Remarks
Macro substitution treats the contents of a variable or array element as a
character string literal. When an ampersand (&) precedes a character-type
variable or array element, the contents of the variable or element replace the
macro reference. You can use macro substitution in any command or function
that accepts a character string literal.
TipWhenever possible, use a name expression instead of macro substitution.
A name expression operates like macro substitution. However, a name
expression is limited to passing character strings as names. Use a name
expression for significantly faster processing if a command or function
accepts a name (a file name, window name, menu name, and so on).
For additional information on name expressions, see Overview of the
Language.
While the following commands are acceptable:
STORE 'customer' TO gcTableName
STORE 'company' TO gcTagName
USE &gcTableName ORDER &gcTagName
use a name expression instead:
USE (gcTableName) ORDER (gcTagName)
Macro substitution is useful for substituting a keyword in a command. In the
following , the TALK setting is saved to a variable so the setting can be
restored later in the program. The original TALK setting is restored with
macro substitution.
&& Command

Indicates the beginning of a nonexecuting inline comment in a program file.

Syntax
&& [Comments]
Arguments
Comments
Indicates that inline comments follow. For example:
STORE (20*12) TO gnPayments && 20 years of monthly payments

Inserting inline comments to denote the end of the IF ... ENDIF, DO, and
FOR ... ENDFOR structured programming commands greatly improves the
readability of programs.
Remarks
Place a semicolon (;) at the end of each comment line that continues to a
following line. You cannot place && and a comment after the semicolon used
to continue a command line to an additional line.
* Command

Indicates the beginning of a nonexecuting comment line in a program file.

Syntax
* [Comments]
Arguments
Comments
Specifies the comment in the comment line. For example:
*This is a comment
Remarks
Place a semicolon (;) at the end of each comment line that continues to a
following line.
= Command

Evaluates one or more expressions.

Syntax
= Expression1 [, Expression2 ...]
Arguments
Expression1 [, Expression2 ...]
Specifies the expression or expressions that the = command evaluates.
Remarks
The = command evaluates one or more expressions, Expression1,
Expression2 ..., and discards the return values. This option is particularly
useful when a Visual FoxPro function or a user-defined function has a desired
effect, but there is no need to assign the function's return value to a variable,
array element, or field.
For , to turn insert mode on, you can issue the following command:
= INSMODE(.T.)
INSMODE normally returns a true (.T.) or false (.F.) value. In the above, the
function is executed but the return value is discarded.
If only one expression (Expression1) is included, the equal sign is optional.
NoteThere are two unrelated uses for the equal sign (=). It can be used as
an operator in logical expressions to make a comparison, or to assign values
to variables and array elements. In these two cases, the equal sign (=) is an
operator and not a command. See Relational Operators for more information
about using the equal sign (=) as an operator in logical expressions. See
STORE for more information about using the equal sign (=) to assign values
to variables and array elements.

\ | \\ Command

Prints or displays lines of text.

Syntax
\TextLine
-or\\TextLine
Arguments
\TextLine
When you use \, the text line is preceded by a carriage return and a line feed.
\\TextLine
When you use \\, the text line is not preceded by a carriage return and a line
feed.
Any spaces preceding \ and \\ are not included in the output line, but spaces
following \ and \\ are included.
You can embed an expression in the text line. If the expression is enclosed in
the text merge delimiters (<< >> by default) and SET TEXTMERGE is ON, the
expression is evaluated and its value is output as text.
Remarks
The \ and \\ commands facilitate text merge in Visual FoxPro. Text merge lets
you output text to a file to create form letters or programs.
Use \ and \\ to output a text line to the current text-merge output file and the
screen. SET TEXTMERGE is used to specify the text merge output file. If text
merge isn't directed to a file, the text line is output only to the main Visual
FoxPro window or the active user-defined output window. SET TEXTMERGE
NOSHOW suppresses output to the main Visual FoxPro window or the active
user-defined window.
? | ?? Command

Evaluates expressions and displays the results.

Syntax
? | ?? Expression1
[PICTURE cFormatCodes] | [FUNCTION cFormatCodes] | [VnWidth]
[AT nColumn]
[FONT cFontName [, nFontSize] [STYLE cFontStyle | Expression2]]
[, Expression3] ...
Arguments
? Expression1
Evaluates the expression specified by Expression1 and sends a carriage
return and line feed before the expression results. The results are displayed
on the next line of the main Visual FoxPro window or the active user-defined
window and printed at the left margin of a page, unless a function code
cFormatCodes or the _ALIGNMENT system variable specifies otherwise.
If you omit the expressions, a blank line is displayed or printed. A space is
placed between expression results when multiple expressions are included.
?? Expression1
Evaluates the expression specified by Expression1 and displays the
expression results on the current line at the current position of the main

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Visual FoxPro window, an active user-defined window, or the printer. A

carriage return and line feed are not sent before the results.
PICTURE cFormatCodes
Specifies a picture format in which the result of Expression1 is displayed.
cFormatCodes can consist of function codes, picture codes, or a combination
of both. You can use the same codes available in the Format and InputMask
properties.
Function codes affect the overall format of the result; picture codes act on
individual characters in the result. If function codes are used in
cFormatCodes, they must appear before the picture codes and they must be
preceded by @. Multiple function codes with no embedded spaces can
immediately follow @. The last function code must be followed by one or
more spaces. The space or spaces signal the end of the function codes and
the start of the picture codes.
FUNCTION cFormatCodes
Specifies a function code to include in ? and ?? output. If the function clause
is included, do not precede the function codes with @. Function codes must
be preceded by @ when included in PICTURE.
VnWidth
Specifies a special function code that enables the results of a character
expression to stretch vertically within a limited number of columns. nWidth
specifies the number of columns in the output.
? 'This is an example of how the V function code works.' ;
FUNCTION 'V10'
AT nColumn
Specifies the column number where the output is displayed. This option lets
you align output in columns to create a table. The numeric expression
nColumn can be a user-defined function that returns a numeric value.
FONT cFontName [, nFontSize]
Specifies a font for ? | ?? output. cFontName specifies the name of the font,
and nFontSize specifies the point size. For example, the following command
displays the system date in 16-point Courier font:
? DATE( ) FONT 'Courier',16
If you include the FONT clause but omit the point size nFontSize, a 10-point
font is used.
If you omit the FONT clause and ? | ?? output is placed in the main Visual
FoxPro window, the main Visual FoxPro window font is used for the output. If
you omit the FONT clause and ? | ?? output is placed in a user-defined
window, the user-defined window font is used for the output.
If the font you specify is not available, a font with similar font
characteristics is substituted.
STYLE cFontStyle
Specifies a font style for ? | ?? output. If you omit the STYLE clause, the
Normal font style is used. If the font style you specify is not available, a font
style with similar characteristics is substituted.
NoteYou must include the FONT clause when you specify a font style with the
STYLE clause.
The font styles you can specify with cFontStyle are as follows:
Characte

Font style

11

r
B

Bold

Italic

Normal

Outline

Opaque

Shadow

Strikeout

Transparent

Underline

You can include more than one character to specify a combination of font
styles. For example, the following command displays the system date in
Courier Bold Italic:
? DATE( ) FONT 'COURIER' STYLE 'BI'
Remarks
? and ?? evaluate expressions and send the results to the main Visual FoxPro
window, an active user-defined window, or the printer.
If SET PRINTER is ON, the expression results are directed to the printer and
the main Visual FoxPro window or an active user-defined window. If SET
PRINTER is ON and SET CONSOLE is OFF, the results are directed only to the
printer.
??? Command

Sends output directly to the printer.

Syntax
??? cExpression
Arguments
cExpression
Specifies the characters that are sent to the printer.
Remarks
A group of three question marks bypasses the printer driver and sends the
contents of cExpression directly to the printer. cExpression must contain valid
printer codes.
Printer control codes allow you to reset the printer, change type styles and
sizes, and enable or disable boldface printing. These codes can consist of any
combination of printable or nonprintable characters that are specific to the

12

printer you're using. You can direct control codes to the printer in several
different ways:

Use combinations of CHR( ) and quoted strings concatenated with +

to send ASCII characters directly to the printer.

Use quotation marks to send a string containing printer codes or

ASCII characters.
Codes can be sent to the printer before printing begins and after
printing ends with the _PSCODE and _PECODE system variables. For
more information, see _PSCODE and _PECODE.

Printer control codes vary from printer to printer. The best source for
information about printer control codes is the manual that came with your
printer.
@ ... BOX Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Shape control instead.
@ ... CLASS Command

Creates a control or object that can be activated with READ.

Syntax
@ nRow, nColumn CLASS ClassName NAME ObjectName
Arguments
@ nRow, nColumn
Specifies the position of the control or object. The height and width of the
control or object is determined by the class default height and width values.
Rows are numbered from top to bottom. The first row is number 0 in the main
Visual FoxPro window or in a user-defined window. Row 0 is the row
immediately beneath the Visual FoxPro system menu bar.
Columns are numbered from left to right. The first column is number 0 in the
main Microsoft Visual FoxPro window or in a user-defined window. When a
control or object is placed in a user-defined window, the row and column
coordinates are relative to the user-defined window, not to the main Visual
FoxPro window.
A position in the main Visual FoxPro window or in a user-defined window is
determined by the font of the window. Most fonts can be displayed in a wide
variety of sizes; some are proportionally spaced. A row corresponds to the
height of the current font; a column corresponds to the average width of a
letter in the current font.
You can position the control or object using decimal fractions for row and
column coordinates.
CLASS ClassName

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Specifies the class of the control or object. ClassName can be a Visual FoxPro
base class or a user-defined class. The following table lists the Visual FoxPro
base classes you can specify for ClassName.
Base class names
CheckBox

Line

Column

ListBox

ComboBox

OLEControl

CommandButto
n

OLEBoundControl

CommandGrou
p

OptionButton

Container

OptionGroup

Control

Page

Cursor

PageFrame

Custom

Relation

DataEnvironme
nt

Separator

EditBox

Shape

Grid

Spinner

Header

TextBox

Image

Timer

Label

NAME ObjectName
Specifies the name of the object reference variable to create. The objectoriented properties, events, and methods of the control or object can be
manipulated by referencing this variable.
Remarks
@ ... CLASS provides an intermediate step for converting programs and
applications created in earlier versions of FoxPro to the preferred objectoriented programming methods of Visual FoxPro. For additional information
about backward compatibility with FoxPro 2.x controls, see Controls and
Objects.

14

For information about object-oriented programming in Visual FoxPro, see

Chapter 3, "Object-Oriented Programming," in the Programmer's Guide.
For information about object-oriented programming in Visual FoxPro, see
Chapter 3, Object-Oriented Programming, in the Programmer's Guide.
@ ... CLEAR Command

Clears a portion of the main Visual FoxPro window or a user-defined window.

Syntax
@ nRow1, nColumn1 [CLEAR | CLEAR TO nRow2, nColumn2]
Arguments
@ nRow1, nColumn1 CLEAR
Clears a rectangular area whose upper-left corner begins at nRow1 and
nColumn1 and continues to the lower-right corner of the main Visual FoxPro
window or a user-defined window.
CLEAR TO nRow2, nColumn2
Clears a rectangular area whose upper-left corner is at nRow1 and nColumn1
and whose lower-right corner is at nRow2 and nColumn2.
Remarks
If you omit CLEAR or CLEAR TO, Visual FoxPro clears nRow1 from nColumn1
to the end of the row.
@ ... EDIT - Edit Boxes Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the EditBox control instead.
@ ... FILL Command

Changes the colors of existing text within an area of the screen.

Syntax
@ nRow1, nColumn1 FILL TO nRow2, nColumn2
[COLOR SCHEME nSchemeNumber | COLOR ColorPairList]
Arguments
@ nRow1, nColumn1
Specifies the upper-left corner of the area to change.
FILL TO nRow2, nColumn2
Specifies the lower-right corner of the area to change.
COLOR SCHEME nSchemeNumber
Specifies the color of the area. Only the first color pair in the specified color
scheme determines the color of the area.
COLOR ColorPairList
Specifies the color of the area. Only the first color pair in the specified color
pair list determines the color of the area.
If you omit the COLOR SCHEME or COLOR clauses, the rectangular portion is
cleared. An area can also be cleared with @ ... CLEAR.
For information about color schemes and color pairs, see the Colors Overview
online topic.
Remarks

15

This command changes the colors of text within a rectangular area of the
main Visual FoxPro window or the active user-defined window. You can set the
foreground and background color attributes for existing text only. Any text
output to the same area after you issue @ ... FILL appears in the default
screen or window colors.
@ ... GET - Check Boxes Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the CheckBox control instead.
@ ... GET - Combo Boxes Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the ComboBox control instead.
@ ... GET - Command Buttons Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the CommandButton control
instead.
@ ... GET - List Boxes Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the ListBox control instead.
@ ... GET - Option Buttons Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the OptionGroup control instead.
@ ... GET - Spinners Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Spinner control instead.
@ ... GET - Text Boxes Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the TextBox control instead.
@ ... GET - Transparent Buttons Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the CommandButton control
instead.
@ ... MENU Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Menu Designer and CREATE
MENU instead.

16

@ ... PROMPT Command

Included for backward compatibility. Use the Menu Designer and CREATE
MENU instead.
@ ... SAY Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Label control to display text and
the TextBox control to display the contents of fields and variables.
@ ... SAY - Pictures & OLE Objects Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Image, OLE Bound, and OLE
Container controls instead.
@ ... SCROLL Command

Moves an area of the main Microsoft Visual FoxPro window or a user-defined

window up, down, left, or right.
Syntax
@ nRow1, nColumn1 TO nRow2, nColumn2 SCROLL
[UP | DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT]
[BY nMoveAmount]
Arguments
@ nRow1, nColumn1 TO nRow2, nColumn2 SCROLL
Moves a rectangular area whose upper-left corner is at nRow1, nColumn1 and
lower-right corner is at nRow2, nColumn2.
UP | DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT
Specifies the direction in which rectangular area is moved. If you omit a
direction clause, the area is moved upward.
BY nMoveAmount
Specifies the number of rows or columns the rectangular area is moved. If
you omit BY nMoveAmount, the region is moved by one row or column.
@ ... TO Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Shape control instead.
ABS( ) Function

Returns the absolute value of the specified numeric expression.

Syntax
ABS(nExpression)
Returns
Numeric

17

Arguments
nExpression
Specifies the numeric expression whose absolute value ABS( ) returns.
ACCEPT Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the TextBox control instead.

18

@ ... SCROLL Command

Moves an area of the main Microsoft Visual FoxPro window or a user-defined

window up, down, left, or right.
Syntax
@ nRow1, nColumn1 TO nRow2, nColumn2 SCROLL
[UP | DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT]
[BY nMoveAmount]
Arguments
@ nRow1, nColumn1 TO nRow2, nColumn2 SCROLL
Moves a rectangular area whose upper-left corner is at nRow1, nColumn1 and
lower-right corner is at nRow2, nColumn2.
UP | DOWN | LEFT | RIGHT
Specifies the direction in which rectangular area is moved. If you omit a
direction clause, the area is moved upward.
BY nMoveAmount
Specifies the number of rows or columns the rectangular area is moved. If
you omit BY nMoveAmount, the region is moved by one row or column.
@ ... TO Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the Shape control instead.
ABS( ) Function

Returns the absolute value of the specified numeric expression.

Syntax
ABS(nExpression)
Returns
Numeric
Arguments
nExpression
Specifies the numeric expression whose absolute value ABS( ) returns.
ACCEPT Command
Included for backward compatibility. Use the TextBox control instead.

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