1. THIRD TONE
A third tone followed by another third tone changes to the second tone. If there are three or
more third tones in a row, change every other third tone before the last.
When followed by a first, second, fourth, or neutral tones, a third tone should change into a
half third tone (that is, a tone that falls and does not rise).
2. NEUTRAL TONE
The neutral tone,
when
following
are
pronounced
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Importance of Tones
Chinese is a tonal language, i.e., a tones change the meanings of words. Since Mandarin has a
limited number of syllables, there are a lot of homophones whose meaning varies with the tone.
In the table shown, the syllable is ma but the tones are different for different words. In fact, we
can assemble the following sentence:
- mma m m ma?
Properly pronounced, the sentence translates into "Does Mamma scold the horse?"
Mandarin is normally said to have just four tones. However, there is also a neutral tone which
does not occur very often but is just as important. The tone is indicated by a tone mark placed on
top of the vowel, and in compound vowels it follows the hierarchy order, i.e. a,o,e. Therefore, in
the final ao the tone mark is placed on the vowel a, and in the final ou/uo, the tone mark is
placed on the vowel o, and on the last vowel in all other cases, i.e, on the vowel u when the final
is iu, or on the vowel i, when the final is ui. The neutral tone is indicated by the lack of tone
mark.
Tone
As in
Note
m Mom
m Hemp
m Horse
m Scold
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Pinyin
Pinyin (Chinese: ), formally Hanyu Pinyin (), is the official phonetic system
for transcribing the Mandarin pronunciations ofChinese characters into the Latin
alphabet in China, Taiwan, andSingapore. It is often used to teach Standard Chinese and spell
Chinese names in foreign publications and may be used as an input method to enter Chinese
characters into computers.
The pinyin system was developed in the 1950s based on earlier forms ofromanization. It was
published by the Chinese government in 1958 and revised several times. The International
Organization for Standardization (ISO) adopted pinyin as the international standard in 1982. The
system was adopted as the official standard in Taiwan in 2009, where it is used for romanization
alone rather than for educational and computer input purposes.
Hny means the spoken language of the Han people and pnyn literally means "spelled-out
sounds".
Every Chinese syllable consists of an initial, a final and a tone mark. Initials are basically consonants,
whereas finals are vowels. In some cases a Chinese syllable may not have an initial, but there must
be a final. Tone marks are placed on the top of the finals. In Chinese Pinyin system there are 21
initials, and 2 semi vowels which are also used as initials. There are 36 finals, of which 6 are simple
or basic finals, others are compound finals.
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Initials
In Mandarin Chinese there are 21 initial sounds.
k
[NSRAKIN-123 0282 030]
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zh
ch
sh
r
In addition, the semi-vowels y and w also function as initials.
b, p, m, f
Only the simple finals a, o, i, u and the compound finals that start with a, o, i, u can be combined
with b, p, m; only the simple finals a, o, u and the compound finals that start with a, o, u can be
combined with f.
Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
boy
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Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
put
mom
fall
d, t, n, l
Only the simple finals a, i, e ,u and the compound finals that start with a, i, e, u can be combined
with d, t, n, l; and simple finals and the compound finals that start with can be combined with
n, l.
Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
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Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
toy
g, k, h
Only the simple finals a, e, u and the compound finals that start with a, e, u can be combined
with g, k, h.
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Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
g
Same sound as in English, but with no vibrations in the vocal
cords
go
k
Same sound as in English, put with strong exhalation like a
puff of air
kite
h
When producing h, the back of the tongue is raised towards
the soft palate. The friction is noticeable. Audible and strong!
high
j, q, x
Only the simple finals i, and the compound finals that start with i, can be combined with j, q,
x. When j, q, x are combined with or a compound final starting with , the umlaut is omitted
and appears as u.
Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
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Chinese
Initial
Description
English
Equivalent
the lower front teeth letting the air squeeze out through the
channel thus made. The vocal cords do not vibrate.
Egypt
No English
equivalent
No English
equivalent
z, c, s
The simple finals a, e, u and the compound finals that start with a, e, u can be combined with z,
c, s. The front apical vowel i (not the regular palatal high front vowel i) can also be combined
with z, c, s. In pronouncing the syllables zi, ci, si the tongue is held in the same position
throughout the syllable except that it is slightly relaxed as the articulation moves from the
voiceless initial consonant to the voiced vowel.
Chinese
Initial
Description
English Equivalent
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Chinese
Initial
Description
English Equivalent
birds
No English
equivalent but it
sounds similar to
cats
swim
Description
zh
English
Equivalent
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Chinese
Initial
Description
ch
Church
George
sh
English
Equivalent
Dish
Pleasure
w, y
w: Produce in the same manner as in English. Special case: the syllable wu is pronounced as the
Pinyin u (the letter w is in this case used to mark the beginning of a new syllable.
y: Produced in the same manner as in English. Special cases: the syllable yi is pronounced as the
Pinyin i #1 and the syllable yu is pronounced as the Pinyin (the letter y is in these cases used to
mark the beginning of new syllables).
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