Abstarcts - Estuaries-Past, Present & Future 2015

UGC Sponsored National Seminar
ESTUARIES OF INDIA:
PAST, PRESENT & FUTURE
24th-25th July 2015
Organised by
A
B
S
T
R
A
C
T
S
Department of Geology
Govindram Seksaria Science College, Belagavi
JUBILEE 2015
Convener's Note
Govindram Seksaria Science (GSS) College is a NAAC accredited A grade premier institution in Science
catering for the need of society in providing quality education in this part of the country. It is run by
South Konkan Education Society, under the supervision of a progressive management. It has a beautiful
campus with well equipped laboratories, departmental museums, well qualified and dedicated staff. The
library is known to have largest collection of books in the northern Karnataka.
The Department of Geology is one of the oldest departments and is well known for its academic
excellence in this part of the country. The alumni of the department have spread all over India. The
department is active in Coastal Research of Uttara Kannada and Southern Maharashtra Coast;
through major research projects funded by DST, UGC & MoES; and have contributed many National
& International publications.
About the present Seminar: The land-sea interface or the 'coastal zone' is highly dynamic and fragile
environment where every micro environment of coast is changing by every passing moment. The most
fragile ecosystems within the coastal environment, such as beaches, estuaries, mud flats, marshes,
mangroves and coral reefs are subjected and influenced by intense land-sea interactions as well as human
interference by way of fishing, agriculture, aquaculture, coastal construction, mining, tourism and
recreation, harbour development and navigation. Added to these pressures the impact of changing
climate, such as sea level rise, seasonal variation in temperature and rainfall etc., affect many of
regulatory and social and economic functions of coastal zones.
As more than 50% of the world's population live along the coastal zone, the need for data base on the
above aspects, on any coast is a prerequisite for the coastal zone management and planning towards
creating better infrastructure and better planning and developmental activity of the coast.
The estuaries are one of the environments that are intensively exploited by mankind all around the
world. It is observed that inshore and estuarine waters are of great importance to man for
transportation, source of food, source of sand, recreation and aesthetic beauty and its coastal setting.
The aim and objectives of the present seminar is to provide a platform to share the knowledge of
researchers on estuarine processes and environment to bring in scientific deliberations on the estuaries of
India. The fundamental objectives are to provide an opportunity for an interdisciplinary exchange of
ideas by scientists; critically summerize the characteristics and status of knowledge of Indian estuaries;
current trends in research; and to find out gaps in researches so that the young marine-geoscientists can
take up the research along this fragile environment.
I have received immense help from my colleagues Ms.Manisha Dhuri, Mr.Suraj Mense and my research
students Mr.Sagar Waghmare & Priyanka Shinde for preparing the abstract volume. I am grateful to
University Grants Commission, New Delhi for the financial support. I also thank all the sponsors for
their kind guestures. I also thank the organising committee members for their help. My special thanks to
our beloved Principal Prof.A.K.Mense and the SKE Society Management for the support.
Dr.P.T.Hanamgond
Convener
Associate Professor of Geology & IQAC Co-ordinator,
G.S.Science Degree College,
Tilakwadi, BELGAUM 590 006.
i
SEMINAR ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Patrons
Shri. R.D.Shanbhag, Chairman, South Konkan Education Society, Belagavi.
Shri. S.V. Shanbhag, Chairman, GSSc College, Managing Commitee, Belagavi.
Chairman
Prof. A.K.Mense, Principal, GSS College, Belagavi.
Convener
Dr. P.T.Hanamgond
Dept. of Geology, G.S.S.College, Belagavi.
Reception and Registration Committee

Prof. M.S.Nagsuresh Mathematics Dept. - Chairman
Prof. (Mrs) Ambuja Chitnis, Chemistry Dept- Member
Mr. Sagar Waghmare, KLS's VDRIT, Haliyal - Member
Mr. Suraj Mense, Dept of Geology - Member
Stage Committee
Prof. Mrs. Anuja Naik, Dept of English Chairman
Prof. Surekha Nerlikar Dept. of Comp. sci Member
Miss. Manisha Dhuri, Dept of Geology-Member
Mrs. Priyanka S. Shinde, Jain College of Engg. - Member
Mr. Deepak Adiandra, Attender
Mr. Manhoar Patil, Attender
Catering Committee
Prof. B. L. Majukar, Dept. of Botany Chairman
Prof. Bhat, Dept. of Botany Member
Shri.M.P.Karande, Attender
Transportation & Accommodation Committee

Prof. A.A. Halgekar, Dept. of Zoology - Chairman
Prof. P.S.Patil, Dept. of Physics Member
Prof. Dalvi, Dept. of Botany Member
Mr. Yogesh Kutre - Member
Shri. J.R.Ravaluche, Attender
Mr. Uttam Banoshi, Attender
Accounts
Shri. A. M. Samant.
ii
CONTENTS
Title and Authors
Pg. No.
Estuaries: a review of literature on definition and classification

P.T.Hanamgond
Morphology, Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation of Estuaries, Creeks and

Creeklets on Maharashtra Coast
S.N.Karlekar
Health of the estuaries along central west coast of India

G. N. Nayak
10
Distribution of ostracoda in the ennore creek, chennai and mullipallam

creek, Muthupet, Tamil Nadu, India: implications for pollution ecology,
microenvironment and sediment deposition an overview
S. M. Hussain
11
Physiography of India's coasts and islands

T. C. Sharma
13
Anthropogenic impacts on estuaries a case study

Purandara Bekal
14
Study of Sedimentary Environment of Alibag Creek, Maharashtra

Ganesh Sonawane, Tushar Shitole and Amol Jarag
16
Changing configurations of the Sundarban shoreline after the landfall

of cyclone 'Sidr' (2007) and cyclone 'Aila' (2009) in the coastal parts of
Northern Bay of Bengal
Dr. Ashis Kr. Paul, Anurupa Paul and Surya Umberje
17
Diversity of Crabs in Karwar Mangrove environment, West Coast of India

Pradnya D. Bandekar and V.S.Kakati
18
Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability to Sea Water Intrusion Using Galdit

Method: A Case Study of Karwar, West Coast of India
Sagar M. Waghmare, Rahul Hugar, Chidanand Dharmatti, Sireesh Jakati,
Aaisha Shaikh & Priyanka S. Shinde
19
iii
Dynamics of Netravati-Gurpur and Mulki-Pavanje Estuaries, Karnataka, India

Ateeth Shetty, K.S. Jayappa, Avinash Kumar, A.S. Rajawat and Ratheesh
Ramakrishnan
20
A Multi-Proxy Investigation of an Estuarine Sediment Core from
Udupi District to Investigate Past Rainfall Variations
Shwetha B Shetty1 and R Shankar
21
Isolation of specific pathogenic bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus

from the shell fishes of kali estuary Karwar, West Coast of India.
Devaraj Kammar, Shivakumar Haragi and U.G. Naik
22
Studies on distribution and abundance of pennate diatoms in the river Kali

Sujata K. Nilajkar and U. G. Naik
23
Mineral magnetic and trace element characterization of gad river

sediments, maharashtra: source weathering implications
B.V.Lakshmi, Praveen Gawali and Pramod T.Hanamgond
24
Distribution and diversity of centric diatoms along the southern coast of

Karwar
Pallavi P. Choudhari and Dr. U.G. Naik
24
Seasonal movement of pollutants in Belapur estuary, Mumbai

Dr. Surendra C. Thakurdesai, Dr. Savita S. Kulkarni
25
Biodiversity of fin fishes in kali estuary, Karwar, West Coast of India

Ulhas G. Naik, Raveendra Durgekar, Neelam, P., S.B. Haragi and J.L. Rathod
26
Need to assess the vulnerability and its conservation measures for

sustainable development of estuaries: a case study of Aghanashini River
Estuary
Sunanda. I. Kittali and S.S. Hangaragi
27
2d and 3d electrical resistivity imaging(eri) for delineating sea water fresh water interface in different coastal transects an approach
Dr. V. S. Sarma
29
Textural characteristics and depositional environment along the Kelshi,

Padale and Anjarle beaches, Maharashtra, West Coast of India.
Milind A. Herlekar and Nilesh V. Wavare
31
iv
Status of biodiversity of rocky shore Majali, Karwar, West Coast of India.

Swapnil M. Powar and Ulhas G. Naik
32
The study of dynamics and morphology of the Alibag creek using geospatial
techniques
Tushar Shitole and Ganesh A. Sonawane,
33
Sedimentological characteristics of a small tidal inlet at Guhagar,
Maharashtra.
Jagtap Sanjay, Tushar Shitole, Manojkumar Devne, Sunil Kelkar
34
Multitemporal satellite data and GIS analysis of creeks around Mumbai

Thane coast
Manisha S. Dhuri, Debashish Mitra and Pramod T. Hanamgond
35
Morphodynamics of Uttara Kannada Coast, West Coast of India, using

multi-temporal satellite data
Sagar M. Waghmare, Dr. D. Mitra, Dr. P.T.Hanamgond, Dr. B.K.Koti,
Ms. Priyanka Shinde
36
Studies on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Biodiversity of

Freshwater Algae in Argon Lake of Belagavi (Karnataka)
Y. B. Dalvi and Rajanna. L
36
Legumes enrich the estuarine ecosystem near Ratnagiri, Maharashtra a

critical study.
M. M. Patwardhan and P. D. Chavan
37
Assemblage of Gastropods in Rocky Shore and Estuarine Ecosystem of

Karwar- A Diversity Profile
Navanath Kumbhar, Shivakumar Haragi and Ulhas Naik
38
Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Goa, India

Manjunatha S, Raju Sukhaye and Davithuraj J
38
UGC Sponsored National Seminar Esturies of India: Past, Present and Future
ESTUARIES: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON DEFINITION AND

CLASSIFICATION
P.T.Hanamgond
Department of Geology, G.S.Science College, Belagavi 590006
hanamgondpt@gmail.com
Abstract
By virtue of their characteristics and location, estuaries have been of great interest to
coastal geomorphologists, physical oceanographers, and coastal engineers since 1950s
(John Shi, 2011). It is also known since long that the coastal and estuarine waters are
among the most productive ecosystems on Earth, providing numerous ecological,
economic, cultural, recreational with aesthetic benefits and services to mankind. However,
they are also among the most threatened eco-systems by flooding and erosion, largely as a
result of the extreme hydrological conditions such as storm waves during cyclones, high
tides, and floods. (Yan Ding and Sam S.Y.Wang, 2008).
The estuaries on the western Indian coast are quite numerous as compared to the east coast
of India. This is mainly due to the presence of Western Ghats, providing numerous river and
backwater systems that contributed formation of numerous estuaries along the west coast.
Hanamgond (2012), has reviewed in detail the definition, classification and nature of
estuaries that are commonly seen along the world coast using many of the leading research
papers, books, special issues and internet literature. In the present paper, the same review
has been highlighted for the benefit of the researchers working on the coast.
Keywords: Estuary, beaches, Coast
Several authors have attempted to define and classify the estuary. The most widely used is
that proposed by Pritchard (1967):
An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the
open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water derived from
land drainage.
His classification was based on geomorphological standpoint with four subdivisions: (1)
drowned river valleys, (2) fjord type estuaries, (3) bar-built estuaries and (4) estuaries
produced by tectonic processes.
However, Perillo (1995), has analyzed the definitions and classifications of estuaries that
were published by 40 different reports occurred in dictionaries, encyclopedias as well as
G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).
publications, occurred over a span of 40 years (before 1995) and has provided the following
definitionAn estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water that extends to the effective limit of
tidal influence, within which sea water entering from one or more free connections with the
open sea, or any other saline coastal body of water, is significantly diluted with fresh water
derived from land drainage, and can sustain euryhaline biological species from either part
or the whole of their life cycle,
The suggested definition has a quality that
makes it different from all the definitions
proposed previously. Perillo (1995) has
also come out with a new classification of
estuaries after very careful analysis of
reports of Pritchard, (1960); Hayes,
(1975); Dalrymple et al., (1992); and
Fairbridge, (1980). The new classification
proposed by him, is based on genetic and
morphological considerations. The first
division is the necessary genetic
differentiation of estuaries either primary
or secondary estuaries (Figure 1) following
the criteria given by Shepard (1973) in his
classification of shorelines.
Figure 1. Classification of estuaries

based on genetic and morphological
considerations (After Perillo, 1995).
Defra (2002) has developed a more recent

classification for UK estuaries (Table 1).
He uses the first three geomorphological
types identified by Pritchard (1967) and
included behavioral type to suggest the
following seven subdivisions. However,
this classification excludes
tectonic/volcanic origins which are found
elsewhere in the world.
Table 1. Classification of UK Estuaries (after Defra, 2002)
This classification has been further developed by the EstSim Project (FD 2117, EstSim
Consortium, 2007) to identify specific geomorphological elements of UK estuaries in the
form of an estuary typology by developing a rule base. Each of the estuary types has been
mapped in terms of their key morphological components, termed their geomorphic
elements (Table 2), in Systems diagrams for UK estuaries.
Table 2. Estuary typology (modified from Future Coast; Defra, 2002)
Table 3 EstSim (EstSim Consortium, 2007) rules to identify estuary type using the
UK Estuaries Database.
Type
Behavioural type
Fjord
Fjard
Ria
Spit-enclosed
Funnel-shaped
Rule
Glacial origin, exposed rock platform set within steepsided relief and with no significant mud or sand flats
Glacial origin, low lying relief, with significant area of
sand or mud flats
Drowned river valley in origin, with exposed rock
platform and no linear banks
Drowned river valley in origin, with one or more spits
and not an embayment
Drowned river valley in origin, with linear banks or no
ebb/flood delta and not an embayment
Embayment
River or marine in origin (i.e. not glacial), with multiple

tidal rivers meeting at or near mouth and a bay
width/length ratio1 of 1 or greater, and no exposed rock
platform
Tidal inlet
Drowned coastal plain in origin, with barrier beaches or

spits
Where bay extends from sea opening to the confluence of the rivers
The characteristic features of estuaries (Table 3) given by EstSim Consortium (2007),

include:
1. extensive intertidal areas including salt marshes, mudflats and sand flats,
2. semi-diurnal or diurnal tidal regime,
3. wave shelter,
4. water layering and mixing,
5. temperature and salinity gradients,
6. sediment suspension and transport,
7. high productivity,
8. high levels and rapid exchange of nutrients,
9. the presence of plants and animals particularly adapted to these conditions, and
10. The presence of migrant and seasonally fluctuating populations of animals
(particularly birds).
Within EstSim (EstSim Consortium, 2007) the physical features of estuaries have been
classified into the following units:
Cliffs;
Barrier beaches;
Spits;
Dunes;
Deltas;
Rock platforms;
Mudflats;
Sand flats;
Salt marsh; and
Drainage basin.
Several text books are available which provide very good information on the estuarine
processes viz., by Ippen (1966), McDowell & O'Connor (1977), and Dyer (1996) and
books by Pethick (1984), Carter (1988). Carter & Woodroffe (1994) have chapters on
estuaries with information on geomorphological perspective.
Estuaries change constantly with the tidal fluctuation i.e., rising tide (water flows towards
land; flood tide); falling tide (water flows towards sea; ebb tide); and due to the effect of
storm generated waves which erode the coast and remove the sediment away from the river
mouth- either offshore (if the river currents are strong) creating ebb tidal shoals (offshore
sedimentation) at the entrance of river mouth/estuary, or onshore (if the currents are weak)
creating flood tidal shoals (onshore sedimentation, Figure 2); or longshore in the down drift
direction, forming spit or growth of the existing spit. However, the sediment from the flood
/ebb tidal shoals is transported back to the mouth of the estuary and help in developing the
spit during fair-weather conditions.
Estuaries are therefore dynamic places with many habitats and where living things have to
cope with changing salinity, temperature and often wetting and drying. Estuaries are also
often rich in food and nutrients and support complex food webs
(http://www.canri.nsw.gov.au/nrdd/records/ANZNS0359000400.html).
Kjerve (1989), gives the importance of estuaries and provide number of reasons- Estuaries
are usually teaming with a huge variety of life or biodiversity; they provide the nursery and
feeding grounds for many living things that include:
- Shore birds and wading birds;
- Important fish species;
- Shell fish - mollusks and crustaceans; and
- Marine mammals and reptiles.
The salinity distributions and water circulation patterns within estuaries depends upon
freshwater discharge and tidal range and hence the water circulation and salinity
distribution is complex and differ from estuary to estuary.
Several things contribute to the form and functioning of an estuary, such as- the size and
length of the river catchment, the amount of river flow or discharge, the tidal range and
geological setting.
Acknowledgement
The author thank the University Grants Commission,New Delhi, for providing financial
support towards Major Research Project (F. 33-42/2007 (SR) 28/2/08).
References
Carter, R. W. G., 1988. Coastal Environments: An Introduction to the Physical, Ecological
and Cultural Systems of Coastlines, Academic Press, 617 p.
Carter, R.W.G. and Woodroffe, C.D. (Editors) 1994. Coastal Evolution: Late Quaternary
Shoreline Morphodynamics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 517 pp.
Dalrymple, R. W., Zaitlin, B. A., and Boyd, R., 1992. Estuarine facies models; conceptual
basis and stratigraphic implications. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology. 62, pp 1130-1146.
Defra 2002, http://www.estuary-guide.net/guide/chapter3_estuary_setting.asp.
Dyer, K.R., 1986. Coastal and Estuarine Sediments Dynamics, John Wiley & Sons Ltd,
Chichester, UK, 342 pp.
EstSim Consortium, 2007. http://www.2.geog.ucl.ac.uk/ceru/download/estim/
FD2117_DRAFT_TR_140907.pdf
Fairbridge, R.W., 1980. The estuary: its definition and geodynamic cycle. In: Olausson, E.
and Cato, I. (Eds.) Chemistry and Biogeochemistry of Estuaries. J. Wiley & Sons,
Chichester, pp 1-35.
Hanamgond, 2012, Estuarine Dynamics of Kalavali, Kolamb and Karli Rivers With
Special Reference to their Impact on the Malvan Coast, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra,
India. UGC Major Research Project (F. 33-42/2007 (SR) 28/2/08), 268p.
Hayes, M. O., 1975. Morphology and sand accumulation in estuaries, In: L.E.Cronin
(eds.), Estuarine Research. Academic Press, New York, vol.2, 3- 22.
Ippen, A.T., 1966. Estuary and Coastline Hydrodynamics. McGraw-Hill, New York.
John Z. Shi, Book Review., Journal of Coastal Research, Vol. 27, No. 3, 2011 pp 605-606.
McDowell, D.M., O'Connor, B.A., 1977. Hydraulic Behaviour of Estuaries. Macmillan,
London.
Pethick, J.S., 1994. Estuaries and wetlands: function and form. In: Wetland Management.
Thomas Telford, London, pp 75-87.
Perillo G. M. E., 1995. Definitions and geomorphologic classifications of estuaries, in
Geomorphology and Sedimentology of Estuaries. Developments in Sedimentology 53
(Pub: Elsevier Science).
Pritchard, D. W., 1967. What is an estuary, physical viewpoint. In: G. H. Lauf (editor):
Estuaries. American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington D.C., publ.
no. 83.
Kjerve, B. 1989. Chapter 2, Estuarine geomorphology and physical oceanography, In J. W.
Day, Jr., C. A. S. Hall, W. M. Kemp and A. Yez-Arancibia [eds.], Estuarine Ecology.
Wiley, pp 47-78.
Yan Ding and Sam S.Y.Wang, 2008. Development and Application of a Coastal and
Estuarine Morphological Process Modeling System, Journal of Coastal Research, SI 52,
pp 127-140.
http://www.canri.nsw.gov.au/nrdd/records/ANZNS0359000400.html
MORPHOLOGY, HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENTATION OF

ESTUARIES, CREEKS AND CREEKLETS ON MAHARASHTRA COAST
S.N.Karlekar
Dean, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Tilak Maharashtra Vidyapeeth, Pune
shrikantkarlekar18@gmail.com
Abstract
An estuary is a semi-enclosed body of water connected to the sea as far as the tidal limit or
the salt intrusion limit which also has a freshwater runoff. However the freshwater inflow
may not be perennial and the connection to the sea may be closed for part of the year and
tidal influence may be negligible. This broad definition also includes lagoons, river
mouths, tidal creeks and small creeklets.
The estuaries on Maharashtra coast (Konkan) are distinct especially due to their tidal and
fresh water regime. They can be seen in many forms such as, tidal mouths, major and minor
creeks and creeklets.. Some creeks and estuaries are bar built and coastal plain estuaries and
some appear as drowned river valleys. They exhibit a complex pattern of tidal currents and
sedimentation.
Lengthening of ebb conditions is an important aspect and is reflected in the tidal delay
period (residence time) of about 1 to 2.5 hours. Imbalance between the length of the estuary
and the contemporary tidal incursion is seen as the ponding of tidal water in mid portion of
some estuaries.
The major sedimentary environments of creeks and estuaries on Konkan coast are marsh
and swamp edge, high and low tide flats, sand lenses, sand banks and sand islands. The mid
creek or estuarine sectors are invariably the areas of silt clay bars. On an average the depth
of tidal inlets varies from 1 m near the head to about 4 m near the entrance of tidal mouth.
Fresh water flow in monsoons is one of the fundamental controls and affects salinity
structure of Konkan estuaries. A pronounced salt wedge in dry season is a dominant feature.
During monsoon due to high fresh water flow, all traces of sea water are effectively flushed
out from most of the moderate size creeks and estuaries. However, some amount of vertical
stratification still remains in the lower column of tidal water in post monsoon .The salt
wedge is re-established very rapidly in monsoon.
There exist several areas of salinity and sediment accumulation in estuaries. A substantial
portion of suspended sediment that enters the estuaries is deposited within estuaries only. A
large proportion settles on the mud flats and other areas fringing the main tidal channel.
These tidal inlets perform the role of flooding the wide tidal area across the mudflats and
halophytic wetlands. The tidal channels are more or less branching and sinuous and show
forms such as linear, dendratic and meandering.
Although tidal Channels in estuaries and creeks bear a superficial resemblance to dendrites
of river channel networks, flow is bi-directional in creeks which are distinctively tapering
and discharge is determined by the tidal prism. The tidal prism can be divided in to the
volume over the inlet surface, the time for which the area is inundated and the depth of
flooding between tides.
The tidal flats in these inlets are level muddy surfaces bordering the inlets. The tidal waters
enter and leave a tidal flat through fairly straight major tidal channel, with minor channels
serving as tributaries as well as distributaries. It was also noticed that the minor channels
meander and migrate considerably every year.
In addition to the alternating submergence and exposure, the varying influences of fresh
river water and saline marine waters are very significant in major tidal estuaries. This is
however not very significant in the small tidal creeks and creeklets.
The seasonal filling of inlets in fair weather and flushing of sediment in monsoons is found
to be more remarkable in wave dominated estuaries of
Konkan coast. Although this
tendency is also found in tide dominated inlets of northern coast, the phenomenon is not
very striking. This is mainly due to the fact that the fresh water supply to these inlets is only
by short streams of limited catchments. The Google images of these inlets in monsoon and
fair weather amply demonstrate this fact.
The coastal environment where tidal range is 2 m and less is considered as a micro tidal
environment .The environment having 2 to 4 m tidal range is meso tidal and that with 4 m
and above is considered as macro tidal.
The geographical extent of the tidal inlets in micro tidal environment is relatively small
(less than 2.5 km2) in Konkan. Most of the tidal inlets and estuaries show flood and ebb
tidal deltas, tidal channels and adjacent beach and aeolian dune systems.
The estuaries and creeks on this coast are changing very fast since last two decades. Areas
within some of the estuaries are getting transformed to peat bog type acidic and polluted
environments. Restricted tidal circulation, changes in dispersal of sediments, degradation
of biota, conversion of open marine sectors to peat bogs, reduction in fish catch and heavy
siltation are the major issues of estuarine environment on this coast.
***
HEALTH OF THE ESTUARIES ALONG CENTRAL WEST COAST OF INDIA

G. N. Nayak
Department of Marine Sciences, Goa University, Goa 403 206, India
nayak1006@rediffmail.com
Abstract
An estuary is a semi-enclosed coastal body of water with a free connection to the open sea
and within which sea water is diluted by fresh water. Estuaries may originate either from
the drowning of river valleys or fjords; the formation of barrier beaches that enclose a
shallow bay, or tectonic activity. The fresh water derived from land drainage tends to float
over the denser sea water, but tidal mixing can reduce or obliterate this stratification. Due to
the mixing of fresh and saline waters, estuaries are highly variable in physical, chemical,
and biological properties and exhibit rapid changes in salinity, temperature, nutrients,
sediment load. Further, they harbor unique plant and animal communities. Estuaries are
known as sinks for finer sediments, organic carbon and metals.
The central west coast of India provides facility to study tropical estuaries which are small
in size and are affected on one hand by human activities in the catchment areas viz. building
dams; enhanced diversified agricultural practices; mining, various industrial and other
developments and on the other hand,affected by sea level variations, changing monsoon
patterns and other climatic variations. These activities have changed pattern of
sedimentation in estuaries and enhanced finer sediment deposition along with more
organic matter and metals. Metals are remobilized within the sediment column and
transformed to various bioavailable forms. The bioavailable forms are diffused to water
column which affects water chemistry; and also enter benthic organism and bioaccumulate.The enhanced metal release to estuaries is therefore affecting health of the
estuaries. It is time to initiate appropriate scientific remedial measures to reduce metal
release and restore and protect the health of the estuaries.
***
10
DISTRIBUTION OF OSTRACODA IN THE ENNORE CREEK, CHENNAI AND

MULLIPALLAM CREEK, MUTHUPET, TAMIL NADU, INDIA:
IMPLICATIONS FOR POLLUTION ECOLOGY, MICROENVIRONMENT
AND SEDIMENT DEPOSITION AN OVERVIEW
S. M. Hussain
Department of Geology, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025,
India
smhussain7@hotmail.com
Abstract
Microfossils have been very well proved useful for ecologic/paleoecological and
paleoclimatic applications. Ostracods are micro-Crustacean characterized by the presence
of two calcified valves called as carapace which got attached dorsally. They are successful
inhabitants of almost every aquatic environment, including marine (from deep oceans to
shallow seas), brackish water lagoons, estuaries/creeks, mangroves and even freshwater
streams, lakes, etc. The application of statistical data on Ostracoda, such as juveniles and
adults; closed and isolated valves; males and females; right and left valves; smooth and
ornamented forms, etc., besides colour variation, pyritisation and predation, to interpret the
environment and rate of deposition of sediments has attained importance, during the last
five decades. In this paper, these statistics of ostracods are used to infer the pollution
ecology, microenvironment and comparative rate of sedimentation from two different
creeks of Tamil Nadu and reviewed.
The first case study is from the creek of Ennore, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. Apart from
agriculture, marine based salt panning, fishing and aquaculture are the main professions of
the creek area. The depth of the creek ranges from 0.5 to 6 m and on northwestern part
merging with the tidal flats. The mangrove swamps are depleting due to depletion of flow
of fresh water in the creek. Major industries located on the bank of the creek are Kothari
Fertilizers, EID Parry Fertilizers, Ennore Foundries, Ennore Thermal Power Station,
Ashok Leyland, Chennai Rubber Factory, Fertilizer Unit- I and II, TAMIN, Oil Mill and
Chennai Petrochemicals, which might have been expected to contribute stress on the
biological community of the creek. A total of twenty sediment samples were collected
representing post-monsoon period, from the Ennore creek, north of Chennai, Tamil Nadu.
A total of 30 species belonging to 24 genera, 15 families, 2 super families and 2 suborders of
the order Podocopida, have been identified. Basslerites liebaui, Jankeijcythere mckenziei,
Kalingella mckenziei, Neomonoceratina jaini are endemic to Indian waters only. Some
ostracod species characteristic of brackish water such as Cyprideis cf. C.mandviensis,
11
Hemicytheridea sp., Jankeijcythere mckenziei, Kalingella mckenziei, Loxoconcha

megapora India and Neosinocythere dekrooni occur in the creek. Freshwater species like
Cyprinotus salinus occur in the outer creek region, i.e., towards riverine side. An account
on the carapace-valve ratio has been presented which indicate a faster rate of sedimentation
prevailing in the Ennore creek. The presence of many dead ostracod forms and less
occurrence of living specimens also supports this observation. The low count of living
ostracod forms may be due to the effect of effluents being discharged from the surrounding
industries. The ostracod carapaces and valves are clear, pale yellow to white in colour and
preservation is good. This shows that the creek is not highly polluted. However, few species
exhibit one or two juvenile stages, which reflect on the partial pollution, deteriorating
environment of the creek and uncongenial conditions for the growth of the ostracod
carapace.
The second case study area under investigation is Mullipallam creek area which is located
near Muthupet, along the coastal zone of Bay of Bengal and Palk Strait. It is a part of large
coastal wetland complex called the Great Vedaranyam Swamp. A mangrove species
Avicennia marina is the dominant in the creek. Ostracod studies from the sediments
collected from the Mullipallam lagoon have led to the recognition of 35 ostracod taxa
belonging to 24 genera of the order Podocopida. Neomonoceratina iniqua is recorded in all
the sediment samples. It outnumbered the entire ostracod population and in few samples, it
is represented by > 90% of the population size. Whereas, Hemicytheridea paiki is
represented second to N. iniqua in the study area. An analysis of C/V ratio infers a very fast
sedimentation rate in the lagoon. In modern marginal-marine settings, the salinity
variations determine the composition and diversity of the ostracoda, sometimes dominated
by just two or three species. In an environment often the case in biologically 'stressed' such
as hypersaline water bodies, intertidal settings etc., ostracod assemblages are dominated by
a single taxon. As has been observed, N. iniqua is a dominant and persistent taxon in the
creek area. Due to high siltation from freshwater and terrestrial inputs, a progradational
delta generates and the creek (lagoon) slowly shifts towards the sea. Fast geomorphological
modifications are noticed in the Mullipallam lagoon area which is a highly vulnerable coast
to tsunami and storm surges and also through the growth of mangrove vegetation. In the
study area, almost all the ostracod specimens are light yellow and white in colour
supporting the fact that the sediments are deposited under normal oxygenated environment.
***
12
PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA'S COASTS AND ISLANDS

T. C. Sharma
Principal (retd.) R.P.D College, Belagavi
Abstract
An attempt has been made in this paper to briefly analyse the physiography of India's coasts
and islands. The study highlights the differences and similarities in the relief of these areas
with the underlying causes and consequences.
India's coasts including the low lying narrow coastal plains and the shores are a part of and
were initially formed cognate with the peninsular plateaus but have undergone significant
changes since then due to eustatic changes in the sea-level, earth movements and subaerial
denudation. Both the coasts show evidences of elevation and depression but on the whole
the West Coast has a much greater length of a sunken coast and the East Coast of an
emergence.
The West Coast is also a more constricted coast breadth-wise as the scarp of the Western
Ghats is much closer to the seashore here. The plain is rugged with laterite-capped residuals
interrupting the surface often in the Mangalore-Daman stretch. The shoreline is broken and
crenelate and all the rivers meet the sea in estuaries washed clean by the strong S.W.
monsoon winds and tidal waves. Kerala has a more smooth topography with many sand
bars and enclosed lagoons and the plains of Gujarat surround the Saurashtra peninsula with
a narrow belt except in the east.
The East Coast is a depositional surface below 10 m. It is 40-50 km wide between the deltas
of the Cauvery and Krishna, while in the valleys of these rivers and also of the Godavari and
Mahanadi it extends to 100 km. The coastline is smooth without indentations here and all
the major rivers form large deltas projecting the coastline by 30-40 km. Under impact of the
monsoon winds the coast has sandy bars and lagoons along the coast and sand dunes inside
2-3 km away parallel to the shore line. The Pulicat and Chilka lakes are old lagoons now cut
off from the sea by bay head bars.
The topography of the coastal islands is according to the origin of coast, these being mostly
rocky unsubmerged parts of the promontories on the West Coast of Karnataka, Goa and
Maharashtra and muddy near sea-level elongated ridges along the distributaries in the
Ganga delta.
13
The sea Islands topography is also as per their origin. The Andaman and Nicobar islands are
the unsubmerged parts of the Tertiary fold mountain ranges which run southward in an arc
convex to the west from the Arakan Yoma mountains of Myanmar. Their coasts have been
submerged and so have a broken shore line with deep fiord-like creeks, a narrow coastal
plain and a hilly interior.
The Lakshadweep islands in the Arabian Sea are coral reefs built upwards on extinct
volcanic cones on a submarine ridge running from Ratnagiri to Minicoy. They are tiny
islands less than two m above sea level and widely scattered.
***
ANTHROPOGENIC IMPACTS ON ESTUARIES A CASE STUDY
Purandara Bekal
Scientist, National Institute of Hydrology
Hard Rock regional Center
Hanuman nagar, Belagavi, Karnataka
purandarabk@gmail.com
Abstract
One of the major issues in coastal zone management is with respect to increased human
interference on water bodies particularly in the estuarine environment. However, such
activities has little control and poor recording and generally relatedto changes in the
morphology of the estuary.Anthropogenic modification of the estuarine environment can
take place through a number of activities that have changed with time and vary from one
location to another. Modification of the physical, chemical, biological and aesthetic
elements of estuaries is possible and the major impacts in each of these categories are
enormous.Temporal variation in the extent and nature of estuarine modification is shown to
be largely dependent on changing socio-economic conditions and many estuaries contain a
long record of human modification that is now part of the marine archaeological
resource.However, limited research has been undertaken that quantitatively links various
forms of modification, urbanization and recreational activity.Therefore, in the present
study an important coastal water body,Vembanad Estuary, located in Ernakulam district of
Kerala state, which is classified as Ramsar site was studied in detail. This is a transitional
ecotonebetween sea and land, Vembanad lake/estuary is highly productiveenvironment
providing feeding, spawning and rearing areas for a very large proportion ofcommercial
fish and shell fish. It supports rich fishery resources such as a variety of finfish, shell fish,
14
several species of marine fishes and shrimps. The lake system alsosupports a highly
productive agriculture system in Kuttanad the 'rice bowl of Kerala'-spread over 1,100 sq.
km which is a reclaimed portion of the estuary.A large population living in the drainage
basin is directly or indirectly dependentupon this wetland ecosystem for their livelihood.
The lake is used for fishing, miningsand and lime shell deposits, harvesting live clams and
tourism related activities.Surrounding land mass is used for rice cultivation, plantation
crops, housing, touristresorts etc. All these water based activities depend upon the
environmental integrity of theVembanad estuary and its adjoining areas.The
environmental conditions of the lake are in a steady decline due to bothendogenous and
exogenous factors and hence the wetland ecosystem and the dependentcommunities face
serious threats to their livelihood. The endogenous factors arise fromfishery sector itself
such as destructive fishing practices like the adoption of fishing netswith small mesh size,
fishing during high tide especially near estuarine bar mouths anduse of dynamite and
poison for fish catch etc. Moreover the present level of fishingpressure exerted on the
available estuarine system is beyond sustainable levels.
As a part of the study, an interaction with the local people was also held during the field
visit. People reported that, in the last few years, there is an increase in the number of health
related problems in and around the estuarine areas. This is because the, estuaries are
characterized by high population densities of microbes, plankton, benthic flora and fauna,
and nekton; however, these organisms tend to be highly vulnerable to human activities in
coastal watersheds and adjoining embayments. During the recent field survey, people
opined that the said estuaryis significantly impacted by habitat loss and alteration
associated with human activities.It is reported that in the next 25 years, excessive fishing
due to increased tourism and industrial growth will be the major environmental impact
resulting in habitat destruction. Further, it is important to notice that, there is a significant
increase in sewage and industrial disposalswhich will result in chemical contamination and
eutrophication. Apart from ecological impact, other environmental threats could be climate
change, sea level rise and coastal subsidence. Therefore, it is necessary to opt for scientific
management of estuaries so that it can sustain the environmental hazards. It is necessary to
restrict the boating and tourism activities in the estuarine areas, dredging processes and
sewage disposals by taking appropriate measures.
***
15
STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF ALIBAG CREEK,

MAHARASHTRA
3
Ganesh Sonawane, Tushar Shitole and Amol Jarag
1. Kr. V. N. Naik College, Nasik

2. Prof. Ramkrishna More College, Akurdi, Pune 44. Maharashtra
3.Department of Geography, Shivaji University, Kolhapur
Abstract
Landforms are inevitably represents the products of longer-term sediment process in one
way or other, depend on a particular set of conditions which responsible for behavior of the
sediments at particular place and time. Sediments immediately respond to these particular
set of conditions which is also known as sedimentary environment of a place, Sedimentary
Environment is effect of both man and environmental change upon active surface
sedimentary systems'. Consequently, it can be regarded as the study of how both natural
and anthropogenic inputs and events modify the production and accumulation of the
physical and biogenic constituents of recent sedimentary deposits (Chris Perry and Kevin
Taylor, 2007)
The area of investigation is located south of Alibag (locally known as Alibag creek.) along
the Arabian Sea, west coast of India, The area stretches between1836' N to 1838'N
latitude and 7252'E to 7255'E longitude. The creek shows diverse depositional surface
demarcated by land which remains elevated in both high and low tide stage and
characterize by mesotidal range and well tidal water penetration(landward) in the creeks,
in which sediment transport processes are distributed in contour-parallel fashion from high
tide level to low tide level. The main aim of the investigation is to understand sedimentary
environment of Alibag creek, focusing mainly deposition, erosion and transportation of
sediment, morphology of inter tidal flat, the Study of sorting of grain size distribution
under influence of varying hydrodynamics energy condition within the creek and
sedimentological change driven by land-use modification or contamination.
***
16
CHANGING CONFIGURATIONS OF THE SUNDARBAN SHORELINE

AFTER THE LANDFALL OF CYCLONE 'SIDR' (2007) AND CYCLONE
'AILA' (2009) IN THE COASTAL PARTS OF NORTHERN BAY OF BENGAL
Dr. Ashis Kr. Paul, Anurupa Paul and Surya Umberje
Department of Geography and Environment Management
Vidyasagar University, Midnapore-721102, W. B
Email: akpaul_geo2007@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
The Sundarban coastal zones with their shorelines, estuaries, tidal channels, mud banks,
sand banks and wetlands are changing rapidly after the effects of cyclone landfalls of 'Sidr'
(2007) and cyclone 'Aila' (2009). The paper reveals the causes and types of changing
shorelines with other coastal zone morphologic elements recorded after the landfalls of two
consecutive cyclones of sever magnitude.
Major effects of the two consecutive cyclones have produced weaker resilience capacity of
the active deltaic platform to adjust with a new direction of morphodynamics of the present
day coasts. Mangrove damages, sediment mobility, tidal waves or surge waves with salt
water inundations, and energy concentration of currents are resulted by such severe
cyclones in the Sundarban coasts adjacent of the Bay of Bengal.
Southern face of entire Sundarban is affected by severe land erosion with development of
exposed consolidated mud banks predominantly of previous mangrove land marked by
presence of tree stumps in decomposed conditions. Extensive salt affected coastal lands are
increased rapidly in the form of hyper saline tracts, formerly known as inner peat swamps,
after cyclone landfalls in the deltaic island. Mangrove dieback has taken place in the inner
part of the deltaic islands due to active drainage loss and salt encrustation by increased
evaporation rate that rendering the dry pan into hyper saline tract at present. Swamp floor is
blanketed by salt affected sea sands in many places along the estuary mouths and deltaic
islands by over wash deposits causing the degradation of mangroves in a significant
amount.
Emerging islands and sand bars in the inner estuaries with shifting nature of thalwegs and
associated braiding and bank erosion, increasing erosion and floodings in the outer
estuaries, and formation of sand spits along the shorelines are characteristics of coastal
configurations, indicating as a change in natural conditions of the low-lying deltaic
platforms. Storminess of the sea and hydrodynamics of the estuaries and local cell
17
circulation systems of the shallow off shores are possibly the drivers of present day changes
in shoreline configurations of the coast.
Analysis of temporal images, field photography, total station survey and repeated field
investigations for monitoring coastal changes supported the present study to find out the
nature of shoreline configurations after the landfall of two consecutive cyclones in the
Sundarban coast.
Keywords: Cyclone 'Sidr' (2007), Cyclone 'Aila' (2009), Sundarban Coast, Deltaic
Platforms, Storminess of the Sea, Hydrodynamics, Coastal Cell Circulation System
***
DIVERSITY OF CRABS IN KARWAR MANGROVE ENVIRONMENT, WEST
COAST OF INDIA
Pradnya D. Bandekar and V.S.Kakati
Department of Marine Biology Karnatak University P.G.Centre
Kodibag Karwar-581303
pradnyakumari07@gmail.com
Abstract
Mangroves are unique intertidal wetlands of tropics and sub-tropics which supports
genetically diverse groups of aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The mangroves are of great
ecological and economic significance in coastal protection, enrichment of water quality
and in production of fishery resources. Crabs are among the most predominant species in
many of these wetlands. The crabs depend directly on mangrove areas for survival, by
feeding on leaves and litter. They have significant role in detritus formation, nutrient
recycling and dynamics of the ecosystem, together with numerous annelids and nematodes
living in the sediment. The digging behaviour by crabs enhances aeration and facilitates
drainage of mangrove soils. They are adapted to the sediment conditions, tidal fluctuations
and varying salinities found in the mangroves. Distribution of crabs in Karwar was
recorded from October 2007 to July 2008 and again in January 2014 to Dec 20014 at
monthly intervals. The species present on the substratum and on the vegetation area were
recorded in quadrant each measuring 1 meter square. There are 17 crab distributed in
Karwar mangrove environment. Crabs belonging to the family Grapsidae and Ocypodidae
are most dominant forms. Substrate suitability, effects of tidal inundation and distributation
18
of mangrove plants were the possible factors that could influence zonation and abundance
of the crabs in the Karwar mangroves. The present study was concentrated on the
distribution of crabs in Karwar mangrove environment
.
Key words: Mangroves, Karwar , Grapsidae, Ocypodidae, Kali estuary, Avicennia,
Rhizophora and Sesarma
***
ASSESSING AQUIFER VULNERABILITY TO SEA WATER INTRUSION
USING GALDIT METHOD: A CASE STUDY OF KARWAR, WEST COAST OF
INDIA
Sagar M. Waghmare, Rahul Hugar, Chidanand Dharmatti, Sireesh Jakati, Aaisha
Shaikh & Priyanka S. Shinde*
KLS's Vishwanathrao Deshpande Rural Institute of Technology Haliyal- 581329
*Jain College of Engineering, Belgaum 590014
sagarwagh481@gmail.com
Abstract
Worldwide population, economic production and social activities are mostly concentrated
in deltas, coastal areas and riverbanks. In case of India, about 30% of the population is
settled in the wide coastal belt of 75000km long. Water being the major element of the
human need, it is essential that every human should get the good quality of water for
drinking purpose. But, it has found that quality of the water is decreasing day by day and
adverse effects of the same are observed on the mankind. Especially in the coastal area of
India, intrusion of sea water is the common issue observed now a day. Thus, study was
undertaken in Karwar taluk to understand about the areas which are under vulnerability to
the sea water intrusion. For these studies we have adopted the GALDIT Index prepared by
CHACHADI and LOBO-FERREIRA (2005).
Study area lies between 1445'-1455'N Lat. And 74-7407'30E Long. Average rainfall
in the area is about 400cm and temperature around 24C to 32C. For the study 27 open
wells are selected and samples are collected on January 27th, April 1st and May 1st 2015 along
with a relevant data. Samples are analyzed in the laboratory and GALDIT rankings are
assigned for the results. Finally using ArcGIS, maps are prepared to identify the areas
which are under threat to sea water intrusion. (Fig 2, 3 & 4 Respectively).Study revealed
that Karwar is under moderately vulnerable to sea water intrusion. It also
19
explains that northern part of study area is under threat to the saline water intrusion while
the southern part is considered to be safer from the hazard. Also it has been observed that
the values indicating the sea water intrusion are increasing considerably as we move
towards the peak summer (May Month).
***
DYNAMICS OF NETRAVATI-GURPUR AND MULKI-PAVANJE ESTUARIES,
KARNATAKA, INDIA
1
Ateeth Shetty , K.S. Jayappa , Avinash Kumar , A.S. Rajawat and Ratheesh
3
Ramakrishnan
1
Dept of Marine Geology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri - 574 199

National Centre for Antarctic & Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Goa - 403 804
3
Geo-Sciences Division, Space Applications Centre, ISRO, Ahmedabad - 38 0015
athith89@gmail.com
Abstract
Dynamics of Netravati Gurpur and Mulki Pavanje estuaries are investigated using multidated (1991, 2001, 2005, 2009 and 2014) satellite images of the last 23 years. The study
suggests gradual shifting of the estuarine mouth of Netravati Gurpur to the north and Mulki
Pavanje to the south. To mitigate the erosion along the Mangalore coast, during early
1990's, a seawall and two breakwaters (320 m length on the Bengre spit and 530 m on the
20
Ullal spit) were constructed to reduce the intensity of littoral drift entering into the
Netravati Gurpur estuaries. After the construction of these structures, the Bengre spit has
become stable and started growing, while the Ullal spit is subjected to severe erosion. In the
last two decades, a number of seawalls were constructed on the adjacent beaches of these
estuarine systems. These human interventions have resulted in shoreline shifting and
erosion to another adjacent beach, whereas, breakwaters have been acting as barriers for
littoral drift.
To evaluate the impact of coastal processes and human interventions, morphological
evolution of the braided islands of these estuarine systems also has been investigated for
the last 38 (1967-2005) year's period using topographic maps and satellite images. Braided
islands of Mulki - Pavanje estuaries (5 + 1 no's) have been enlarged considerably in their
areal extent during 1967-1997 and marginally from 1997-2005. The four braided islands of
Gurpur estuary also show significant increases in their areal extent during 1967-1997 and
marginal changes from 1997-2005. However, in the Netravati estuary only one island has
recorded an increase in its areal extent (i.e., ~16 acres) during 1967-1997 but later its areal
extent is decreased (~10 acres) during the 1997-2005 period. The changes in the braided
islands morphology can be attributed to the influence of tidal and estuarine processes. The
study clearly demonstrates the applications of Remote Sensing and GIS in understanding
estuarine dynamics.
Keywords: Estuarine Dynamics, Braided Islands, Human interventions, Remote Sensing
& GIS.
***
A MULTI-PROXY INVESTIGATION OF AN ESTUARINE SEDIMENT CORE
FROM UDUPI DISTRICT TO INVESTIGATE PAST RAINFALL VARIATIONS
1
Shwetha B Shetty and R Shankar

Department of Marine Geology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri 574199
shettyshwethamu@gmail.com
Abstract
We investigated the rock magnetic, sedimentological and geochemical parameters of a 70cm long sediment core from the Saligrama estuary of the Sita River, Udupi District,
Karnataka. The main objective was to determine the past rainfall variations of the region.
Rock magnetism is used here to study the past rainfall conditions in the estuary and its
catchment based on the suggestion of Shankar et al. (2006) that magnetic susceptibility
21
may be used as a proxy for rainfall in tropical regions. Particle size data are used to
determine the relationship between magnetic mineral concentration and particle size.
Concentration-dependent rock magnetic parameters (lf, fd, ARM and SIRM) indicate a
high magnetic mineral concentration in the top half of the core (0-38 cm depth). The
magnetic grain size-indicating ratios (ARM /lf, ARM/SIRM, SIRM/lf) suggest the
presence of very fine magnetic grain size (SD/SSD transition) in this segment of the core.
The high concentration of magnetic minerals may be the result of a high degree of chemical
weathering and pedogenesis, which resulted from high rainfall conditions in the estuary
and its catchment. A relatively coarser magnetic grain size and a lower magnetic mineral
concentration from 38 to 70 cm depth indicate relatively low rainfall conditions due to
which chemical weathering was less intense and pedogenesis less strong. Magnetic
susceptibility and % clay exhibit a positive correlation (r = 0.81) which indicates that the
magnetic minerals reside in the clay fraction of the sediments. Efforts are on to obtain
geochronological data for selected samples. When these data become available, it will be
possible to give a time-frame for the paleoclimatic variations.
Keywords: Estuarine sediments, rockmagnetism, particle size, magnetic susceptibility,
southwest India.
***
ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC PATHOGENIC BACTERIA VIBRIO
PARAHAEMOLYTICUS FROM THE SHELL FISHES OF KALI ESTUARY
KARWAR, WEST COAST OF INDIA.
Devaraj Kammar, Shivakumar Haragi and U.G. Naik
Department of Studies in Marine Biology
Karnataka University Post Graduate Centre, Kodibag, Karwar - 581303
devarajrkammar1@gmail.com; shivu398@yahoo.co.in
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium in the same family as those that cause Cholera and
Vibrio vulnificus. It inhabits in marine and brackish water and causes gastrointestinal
illness in humans. In the present study V. parahaemolyticus presence were studied in the
commercial important shell fishes (Crassostrea madrasensis, Penaeus indicus, & Paphia
malabarica.) of Kali Estuary, Karwar, Karnataka. The pathogenic bacteria presence traced
during the study period from October 2014 to May 2015 in C. madrasensis. In Paphia
malabarica
presence were recorded during the month of
22
November to May 2015, and similarly Penaeus indicus showed the least presence from
March to May 2015. Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been implicated as a major cause of food
borne illness and its presence in the sea food of Kali estuary indicating the precautions to be
take while consuming it raw or undercooked shellfish.
Keywords: V.Parahaemolyticus, Vibrio, Bacteria, Pathogenic, Kali estuary, Shellfishes
***
STUDIES ON DISTRIBUTION AND ABUNDANCE OF PENNATE DIATOMS
IN THE RIVER KALI
Sujata K. Nilajkar and U. G. Naik
Karnatak University Post Graduate Center, Karwar- 581303
Abstract
Diatoms are unicellular and eukaryotic microorganisms that form an important component
of the aquatic ecosystem. Diatoms are protists belonging to phylum Bacillariophyta and
class Bacillariophyceae are known by the common name "diatoms.
Study was conducted in Kali estuary to access the distribution and abundance of pennate
diatoms in Kali estuary Karwar, West coast of India for a period of 7 months (August 2014
to February 2015). Two stations were selected one at bar mouth of estuary and one more in
backwaters of Sunkeri.
From the present study 28 species of pennate diatoms were identified in estuary. Among
two study sites maximum density was recorded from the Sunkeri backwaters (23) and bar
mouth (19) during the study period. The maximum density considered with southwest
monsoon period, it is mainly due to the enormous quantity of nutrients availability.Because
of the influx of riverine water and inshore water which are the prime causes in escalating
the pennate diatom population in the study sites.
Keywords: Kali estuary, pennate diatoms, abundance and distributions
***
23
MINERAL MAGNETIC AND TRACE ELEMENT CHARACTERIZATION OF

GAD RIVER SEDIMENTS, MAHARASHTRA: SOURCE WEATHERING
IMPLICATIONS
B.V.Lakshmi, Praveen Gawali and Pramod T.Hanamgond#
Indian Institute of Geomagnetism, New Panvel, Navi Mumbai
#
GSS College, Belgaum
bvlakshmi@iigs.iigm.res.in
Abstract
Sediment samples collected at different depths from 11 sites were investigated to
understand magnetic properties and trace element concentration along the Gad river.
Magnetic susceptibility and remanent magnetization results suggest magnetic signal of
these sediments is controlled by magnetite-like ferrimagnetic minerals and a minor
contribution of antiferromagnetic minerals such as hematite. High magnetic susceptibility
values are seen in coarse grain-sized fractions. It also reveals slightly different magnetic
mineralogy in different grain sizes. The relationship between magnetic and chemical
constituents in particular, magnetic susceptibility, anhysteretic and isothermal remanent
magnetization are closely correlated with Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni and Zn. Variation of mineral
magnetic parameters and their one to one relation with heavy mineral concentration,
especially Cr is attributed to chemical weathering in the hinterland. The qualitative
approach of mineral magnetism, therefore, can be used to study paleomonsoon variability
and its relation to weathering due to changing environmental conditions along the Gad
river system.
***
DISTRIBUTION AND DIVERSITY OF CENTRIC DIATOMS ALONG THE
SOUTHERN COAST OF KARWAR
Pallavi P. Choudhari and Dr. U.G. Naik
Department of Studies in Marine Biology Karnatak University,
Post Graduate Centre, Kodibag, Karwar - 581303
Abstract
Centric diatoms are present in euphotic and photic zones these take part in nutrient cycle in
ecosystem and play important role in maintaining equilibrium between living and non
living organisms and abiotic factors. These are among the most diverse chromists in marine
24
water column. And are primary producers of marine food webs. Certain centric diatom
species act as indicators to monitor pollution and other environmental parameters. From
the depth of 1 meter in the southern region of Karwar three samples (water and diatoms)
were collected from 3 different sites for 7 months from August 2014 to February 2015 and
the samples were analyzed for centric diatom distribution and diversity. In the present
study 25 species have been identified of which species Coscinodiscus eccentricus,
Thalassiosira subtalis, Skeletonema costatum were most abundant in all three sites.
Environmental Parameters such as Water temperature, salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, pH and
Calcium. Study site with pH 6.9to 8, salinity 29 -30ppt, D.O 4to5ml/l diversity is rich, and
in the month of October i.e. Post monsoon density is high in all the study sites.
***
SEASONAL MOVEMENT OF POLLUTANTS IN BELAPUR ESTUARY,
MUMBAI
Dr. Surendra C. Thakurdesai1, Dr. Savita S. Kulkarni2
1
P. G. Department of Geography, R. P. Gogate & R. V. Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri
surendratd@gmail.com
2
Prof. Ramkrishna More Arts, Science & Commerce College, Akurdi, Pune
s.kulkarni72@yahoo.com
Abstract
Belapur estuary is an arm of Dharamtar creek more known as Thane creek. The extent of
Belapur Creek is between 19 00'00.83 N 73 01'46.99E 19 01'33.38 N 73 04'28.83E.
It is 7 kms to the South East of Mumbai. The total length of arm is 11.5 kms and the
maximum width is 500 meters. This creek was selected as it receives waste water from
Taloja, Mahape and Panvel industrial areas. These are major industrial units around
Mumbai. The township of New Mumbai has grown around this creek. The creek is also
used by traditional fishermen and brick kiln owners. There are problems faced by the
resident population due to the pollutants dumped by the industries. To assess the situation
14 sampling sites were selected along the creek and Pre and Post Monsoon sampling was
done at all 14 locations. The water samples collected were analysed for Chloride,
Phosphate contends and Total Dissolved Solids, as these are the major pollutants in the
region. The results show an increase in the concentrations in Post monsoon compared to the
pre monsoon samples. Also the distribution of Chloride and Phosphate contamination is
quite similar where as the TDS shows different distributional pattern. This may be
attributed to the path followed by tidal currents and the resultant velocities in the estuary.
25
There is large scale contamination accumulation in the creek and its the harmful effects are
evident on the flora and fauna.
***
BIODIVERSITY OF FIN FISHES IN KALI ESTUARY, KARWAR,

WEST COAST OF INDIA
Ulhas G. Naik, Raveendra Durgekar, Neelam, P., S.B. Haragi and J.L. Rathod
Department of Studies in Marine Biology,
Karnatak University Post Graduate Centre, Karwar
Abstract
There is very little quantitative data available on the local species extinctions and the
emergence of new species along this estuary. This estuary is known for it's rich
biodiversity; there is a dire need to study and document the finfishes of this Estuary. In
order to understand and quantify biodiversity loss, biodiversity inventories are a
prerequisite. There is virtually no documentation of the impact on biodiversity of estuarine
fish resources in Kali estuary.
A detailed study was undertaken during the period June 2013 to May 2014 to identify
different estuarine fishes available in Kali estuary. Special effort has been made to study the
species diversity of the finishes and to bring out a digital pictorial inventory of the estuarine
finishes along the Kali estuar.
Seventy (70) fish species belonging to 11 orders and 27 families were collected and
identified during the study period. These consisted of 2 elasmobranch species (sharks, rays
and skates) and 69bony fishes. One species Carcharhinus limbatus has been are listed as
threatened/endangered species under the IUCN Code list
The present study revealed presence of high biodiversity of fin fishes in Kali estuary.
Today, the estuary is faced with various problems that can affect its special characters and
leading to the eventual collapse of the rich but fragile ecosystem. Studies of this kind
attempted are therefore expected to widen our knowledge base of the estuarine fishes so
that such unique habitats are preserved unharmed for posterity in future.
Keywords: Kali estuary, Finishes, Biodiversity
***
26
NEED TO ASSESS THE VULNERABILITY AND ITS

CONSERVATION MEASURES FOR SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT OF ESTUARIES: A CASE STUDY OF
AGHANASHINI RIVER ESTUARY
Sunanda. I. Kittali and *S.S. Hangaragi
Dept. of Geography, Rani Parvati Devi Arts and Commerce College, Belagavi
590006.
E-mail: sikittalibelagavi@gmail.com
*Dept. of Geography, S.R.N. Arts and M.B.S. Commerce College, Bagalkot-587 101
E-mail: sshangaragi@rediffmail.com.
Abstract
Coastal regions of India are undergoing rapid land use change, but little attention is paid to
the implications of this change from local community. At present urgent need to assess the
vulnerability level of coastal estuaries towards to control the landuse and landscape
change, is an important step for enhancing the understanding and decision-making to
reduce such vulnerability. The main objectives of this paper are: to assess the level of
vulnerability in the Aghanashini river estuary and to suggest the conservation measures for
sustainable development. This paper presents an analytical framework and associated
indicator system to assess vulnerability level towards to understand the landuse and
landscape change in coastal estuary. The study includes quantification of Exposure Index
(EI), Sensitivity Index (SI) and Adaptive Capacity Index (AI). EI is to measure intensity of
land use. SI and AI are based on some socio-economic attributes of the native residents, as
well as their view on environmental change and management. Based on the quantification
of SI and AI, the vulnerability Index (VI) can be assessed and compared among different
aspects.
Aghanashini River in central Uttar Kannada district of Karnataka originates in the Western
Ghats and flows westward towards the Arabian Sea, major part of its course flowing
through forested gorges and valleys. Having no dams and no notable industrial
establishments or no major townships along its banks the river, it may be considered as one
of the most pristine ones along the west coast. The river confluence to the Arabian Sea is
located near the Aghanashini village of Kumta taluk of Uttar Kannada District. The tidal
portion or estuary, towards the river mouth is a flat expanse of water dotted with small
islands and narrow creeks. This portion, designated as the Aghanashini river estuary, is a
highly productive and biologically rich waterscape/landscape of coastal Karnataka. The
Aghanashini river estuary is ranked first in the productive ecosystems among the all coastal
27
estuaries of Karnataka state. It is most notable economic and subsistence output estuary, is
the bivalves (Phylum: Mollusca). The meat of these invertebrates is used as a protein rich
food by thousands people along the coastal areas of Karnataka and Goa.
The Aghanashini river estuary and its environs formed the lifeline of the people and
constitute a major cultural and historical heritage of the west coast. It was known as a rice
bowl in the historical times and rice surplus was transported through water crafts to other
regions. The Mirjan fort on the bank of the estuary built by Bijapur Sultans and the ruins of
Aghanashini fort on a hill towards the river mouth giving a commanding view of the sea,
the estuary and the Western Ghats are testimonials for the historical and cultural
importance of the region. Spices grown in the hinterlands of Western Ghats were traded
through the estuary during the European period and earlier to it. Gokarna on its shores has
been, from time immemorial, a great place of pilgrimage. Before the road networks came
the estuary was a major route for transportation of pilgrims. The beaches dotting the
coastline of Gokarna are today well known places of tourism. The picturesque estuary with
flourishing mangrove vegetation, its rich birdlife, and traditional way of life of the people
need to be protected as a cultural heritage and draw for tourism.
The river water carries large quantity of organic materials from the forests in the catchment
area of the Western Ghats and deposits the same in the estuary. The rich bird community
(over 120 species, about half of them winter visitors) associated with the estuarine
ecosystem contributes substantially to the nutrient cycling through their potash and
nitrogen rich castings vii. The constant churning and circulation of waters due to flow of
fresh water from one side and the tidal influx from the Arabian Sea oxygenates the water
and circulates nutrients. Thus, it is imperative to formulate appropriate measures to
conserve the whole estuary landscape and its resources for sustainable development.
Key Words: Estuary, Vulnerability, Conservation, Sustainable Development, Landscape
***
28
2D AND 3D ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY IMAGING(ERI) FOR

DELINEATING SEA WATER -FRESH WATER INTERFACE IN DIFFERENT
COASTAL TRANSECTS AN APPROACH
Dr. V. S. Sarma
CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute.
vssarma.ngri@gmail.com
Abstract
Identification of the interface between the fresh and saline water is important in coastal
regions as it plays an active role on economical and industrial development of those
regions. Geo-electrical resistivity (GER) methods were suited to delineate the interface
between such boundaries. In these electrical methods, using multi-electrode systems is
another requirement so that sub-surface can be scanned with high accuracy, better
resolution and very significant precision. This is also called as Electrical Resistivity
Imaging (ERI)/ Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). Geophysical imaging is
presently the latest development, being an invasive method, for an exploration
geophysicist to understand the nature of subsurface geological setting and other related
problems. Imaging in geoelectrical methods, in particular, resistivity methods, has been
extensively in use for delineating subsurface structures. The ERI involves measuring a
series of constant separation traverses with the electrode spacing being increased in each
successive traverse. Increasing separations lead to obtaining information from deeper
levels. In electrical resistivity method, we energise the subsurface by sending a known
amount of current (I) in to the sub-surface and measure the response on the ground surface
in the form of voltage (V). Current electrodes are used for exciting the subsurface and
potential electrodes for measuring the response on the surface. Electrical resistance [R] is
calculated (V/I) and apparent resistivities are computed for each electrode configuration
taking into account the geometrical factor of the array, which varies from array to array and
finally an apparent resistivity section can be obtained.
A good variety of electrode configurations or arrays are in use for the purpose of data
acquisition namely Wenner (alpha ,beta and gamma --variations), Schlumberger ,Twoelectrode, Three-electrode, Dipole-Dipole (axial, equatorial, polar, perpendicular, parallel,
azimuthamal etc.) are some. Again, in these arrangements, there are two orientations i.e. inline and broad-side . When all the electrodes are (system as a whole) moved from one
observation point to the other maintaining the inter-electrode separation constant, then it is '
resistivity profiling' where sub-surface scanning is possible in horizontal directions only.
29
Studying the 'lateral in-homogeneities' in the subsurface resistivity is possible with

profiling/mapping. When the electrodes are moved with respect to the 'observation point'
on either side, then it is ' resistivity sounding' where the subsurface scanning is possible
only in vertically downward/depth-wise direction. The depth-wise resistivity changes can
be found out in ' resistivity sounding'. The resistivity response in each case can have
countless variations depending upon type of array, type of profiling, spacing or array
length. Even for a target of specified dimensions, depth , resistivity contrast and for a given
type of array and more of profiling the resistivity response can have wide variety .The
depth of investigation of each array is different and plays a very significant role for
determining the depth of the sub-surface formations.
The horizontal layer (1D case) can be sorted out by resistivity sounding and most of the
groundwater problems come under this category. To tackle the 2D and 3D problems, we
need more intensive data which is possible with multi-electrode resistivity surveying
instruments (Griffiths et al, 1990) ,multi-core cables (Griffiths and Barker,1993) and fast
computer inversion software (Loke, 1994).It is essential to use more than one electrode
configuration so that comparison can be made for efficacy of the arrays. In a 2D subsurface
model, the distribution of resistivity is both in vertical and horizontal directions along with
the traverse line. In this, we assume that there is no resistivity variation in the direction
perpendicular to the traverse line. A 1D resistivity sounding needs observations in 'tens'
whereas 2D imaging surveys need observations in 'hundreds' and 3D surveys needs
observations in 'thousands'. For carrying out 2D /3D imaging survey, the electrodes are to
be planted along with the traverse in selected array type and measurements are done a
sequential pattern changing the inter-electrode spacing in a systematic way, so that the
subsurface is scanned depending upon the penetration of current lines. This entire
measurement procedure will be carried out by the system and the data is stored in the
system itself.
2D imaging data is generally presented in the form of pseudo depth sections. The location
of the plotting point for any symmetric array is the mid point of the system where as it lies
between the current and the next potential electrode for an asymmetric array like threeelectrode. A vertical position of the plotting point is at a position downward that depends
upon the depth of investigation characteristic (DIC) of the array and it size. However, a
resistivity image /pseudo-section gives an approximate picture of the sub-surface
resistivity distribution and works as an initial guide for further quantitative interpretation.
Inversion procedure can be applied for getting an almost true resistivity subsurface
geological setting. This is possible for obtaining 2D/3D section depending upon the
software.
30
2D resistivity data is interpreted using 2D -Forward modelling software. Apparent

resistivity values are calculated using finite-difference (Day and Morrison, 1979a) or
finite-element (Silvester and Ferrari, 1990) method. This is 2D electrical imaging method.
RES2DINV inversion programme can be applied and this is useful in studying the model
resolution that can be obtained over different structures using various electrode
configurations. RES2DINV will automatically determine a 2D resistivity model for the
subsurface for the data obtained from electrical imaging surveys (Griffiths and Barker,
1993). Software (RES3DINV) is also available for carrying out 3D interpretation where
one can get overall subsurface structure with full precision and accuracy. Further,
whenever the zones are identified, a soft ware 'slicer-dicer' is applied for interpreting the
data so that an in-depth understanding of the sub-surface is possible. The dissected picture
of the interested zone can be studied.
Imaging can be carried out for many purposes like pollution studies, overburden mapping,
civil engineering problems, saline water intrusion studies etc. The resistivity imaging
method can be used for under-water surveys also with special type of sensors. One can
understand the sub-surface stratal architecture with precision and accuracy by carrying out
HERT.A number of field examples have been discussed relating to environment,
geological stratal architecture and fresh water-sea water interface. Extensive field studies
have been carried out between Madras-Mahabalipuram beach transect and VizagBhimilipatnam beach transect using ERI. In the latter field study, the measurements are
carried out in two different periods ie., pre-monsoon and post monsoon for arriving at
logical conclusions and all the results are discussed.
***
TEXTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT
ALONG THE KELSHI, PADALE AND ANJARLE BEACHES,
MAHARASHTRA, WEST COAST OF INDIA.
Milind A. Herlekar and Nilesh V. Wavare
Department of Geology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune
Abstract
Grain size and depositional pattern of sediments from Kelshi, Padale and Anjarle area,
central West coast of Maharashtra have been carried out to evaluate its textural parameters
and statistical measures to depict the depositional environment of sediments in the study
31
area. Sixty seven representative sediment samples approximately 500 m intervals were
collected in three adjacent beaches namely Kelshi (KB), Padale (PB) and Anjarle (AB).
Grain characteristics such as mean, sorting, skewness and kurtosis were estimated using
GRADISTAT program and discussed. The graphic mean values (Mz) ranges from 2.5 to
3.61 of fine sand to very fine sand. The sediment samples at KB and PB were bimodal to
polymodal. The sediment sample at AB unimodal to bimodal. The primary mode was
identified at 2.25 as 70%, 25% and 20% of total samples along KB, PB and AB
respectively. The beaches were characterised as very well sorted, well sorted, moderately
well sorted and moderately sorted sediment environments. The inclusive graphic skewness
of grain size analysis data show that they are negatively skewed and implies that the
sediments are strongly coarsely skewed, fine skewed and nearly symmetrical. The kurtosis
of the sediment shows that they are platykurtic to very platykurtic, very leptokurtic to
leptokurtic. The study shows that the sedimentary environments at Kelshi were influenced
by relatively high wave action compared to Padale and Anjarle beach.
***
STATUS OF BIODIVERSITY OF ROCKY SHORE MAJALI, KARWAR, WEST
COAST OF INDIA.
Swapnil M. Powar and Ulhas G. Naik
Department of studies in Marine Biology Karnatak University P.G. Center
Kodibag Karwar- 581303, Karnataka
Abstract
Biodiversity is the source of the essential goods and ecological services and that provide us
food, clothing, housing, medicines and spiritual nourishment. The marine biodiversity is
known to be all of the richest among the all living ecosystems of the world. About 67% of
the world's population resides in the coastal belt and derive food, feed, minerals, chemicals
and energy by harnessing the richness of the ocean. India contains a great wealth of
biological diversity in its forests, its wetlands and in its marine areas.
0
Karwar in west coast of India (Lat. 40 50' and long. 74 07'E) has a coastline stretching
from Majali in the North to Amdalli in the South. The present study was carried out along
rocky shore of Majali coast. The present study is carried out from September 2010 to
February 2011, which reveals the present status of floral and faunal diversity along the
Majali rocky coast.
During the present investigation of 130 species were recorded representing following
32
phyla; Porifera (4), Coelenterate (5), Annelida (2), Mollusca (35), Arthropoda (17),
Echinoderm (4) and Chordata (3) which recorded. Sea weeds documented were
Phaeophyta, Rhodophyta and Chlorophyta. The highest number of species was recorded
from the phylum Mollusca and the smallest represented phylum was Annelida. Among sea
weeds the green algae comprises 14 species where as brown and red algae constituted by 11
species each. Throughout the study period it was found that the green algae were found
abundantly followed by brown and red algae. Comparatively low density of red algae was
noticed in the intertidal zone and their bed was found mainly in the deeper waters.
Key words : Biodiversity, Majali, Rocky shore, Mollusca
***
THE STUDY OF DYNAMICS AND MORPHOLOGY OF THE ALIBAG CREEK
USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES
Tushar Shitole1and Ganesh A. Sonawane2,
Mamasaheb Mohol College, Kothrud,Pune &
Kr.V.N.Naik College, Nashik-422101
tshitole@yahoo.com; ganeshasonawane@gmail.com
Abstract
There have been a vacuum of knowledge regarding the morphodynamic processes of the
creek, as the creek is the difficult feature in terms of the field investigation. The
development of geospatial technologies is related to advances in geodesy,
photogrammetry, remote sensing, geographical information system (GIS), and numerical
modelling, which have collectively revolutionized the investigation in various fields.
Remote sensing and GIS technique has come up as the most powerful tools for
inventorying, monitoring and management of the coastal environment. In the special
context of the creeks which are the unique features of the coastal environment.
The present paper focused on the study of dynamics and morphology of the Alibag Creek,
West cost of India, to study the dynamics of the tidal processes and the morphology of the
tidal creek and associated landform using the geospatial techniques.
Keywords- Geospatial Technologies, Creek, Morphology
***
33
SEDIMENTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF A SMALL TIDAL INLET AT

GUHAGAR, MAHARASHTRA.
Jagtap Sanjay, Tushar Shitole, Manojkumar Devne, Sunil Kelkar
Mamasaheb Mohol College, Kothrud,Pune
tshitole@yahoo.com
Abstract
Creeks and inlets along the Konkan coast have been showing increased siltation in the
recent past due to the changes in the hinterland as a result of increased anthropogenic
activities. Tourism has been one of the main reasons. Such siltation may have a prolonged
effect on the geomorphic processes in operation and other human activity in these areas
(transportation, fishing) loss of vegetation and diversity in the areas.
The varying energy conditions along the Konkan environment ranges from very high
energy condition during the monsoon backed by the energy of fresh water supply from the
landward side to the receding of energy condition, particularly from the landward side in
the post monsoon period and sea as well.
A tidal inlet at Guhagar was surveyed to study sedimentology. 1.83 km long tidal channel,
experiencing flooding and ebbing twice daily with a tidal range of 2.3 meters, show a
remarkable influence of tidal water intrusion in to a small seasonal stream. The study tries
to find out the trends in sedimentology of both the banks and sediment properties.
***
34
MULTITEMPORAL SATELLITE DATA AND GIS ANALYSIS OF CREEKS

AROUND MUMBAI THANE COAST
Manisha S. Dhuri, Debashish Mitra* and Pramod T. Hanamgond
Department of Geology, GSS Degree College, Belagavi 590006
manishaa.dhuri@yahoo.com
*Department of Marine & Atmospheric Sciences,

Indian Institute of Remote Sensing, Dehradun
Abstract
Coastal zone is one of the very complex, dynamic environments among the coastal zone;
rich sources of food, minerals, energy; promising area of recreation and tourism; and
therefore over 50% world's population lives along the coast. Mumbai the capital city of
Maharashtra, is the backbone of India in commercial, entertainment or cultural aspects;
and is one of the most populous cities in the world. Mumbai has been rapidly changing and
has seen great development as it is located on the coast. Therefore there is a need to
understand the nature of changes such as sea level rise, coastal erosion and coastal landuselandform changes/modification. In the present paper an attempt has been made to study
such changes using temporal satellite (LANDSAT TM & ETM) images for the period Nov1998, Apr 2003 and Jan-2011 are of Landsat-5 TM and Nov 2008 belongs to Landsat -7
ETM (Path 148 and Row 47), which are acquired on nearly cloud free date for Mumbai
Thane coast. An attempt is also made to understand major vegetation types, to demarcate
CRZ boundary and inundation due to Sea Level Change. It is observed that the coastal area
of Mumbai- Thane is significantly vulnerable to such changes. The developmental
activities have been and are being carried out without following any CRZ norms. The
anthropogenic activities also have played immense and important role for such changing
scenario of Thane, Juhu, Andheri creeks.
KEY WORDS: Creeks, Change detection, Classification, Landuse Landform, Mumbai,
India
35
MORPHODYNAMICS OF UTTARA KANNADA COAST, WEST COAST OF

INDIA, USING MULTI-TEMPORAL SATELLITE DATA
1
Sagar M. Waghmare , Dr. D. Mitra , Dr. P.T.Hanamgond , Dr. B.K.Koti , Ms.

5
Priyanka Shinde
1
Dept. of Civil Engg, KLS's VDR Institute of Technology Haliyal
2
Department of Marine and Atmospheric Science, IIRS, Deharadun
3
Dept. of Geology, GSSc College, Belagavi
4
Dept. of Civil Engg, KLE's Dr.MSSCET, Belagavi,
5
Dept. of Civil Engg, Jain College of Engineering, Belagavi
Abstract
Morphodynamics of Uttara Kannada coast is influenced and modified by four rivers
namely - Kali river at north and Gangavali, Aghnashini and Sharavati Rivers towards
south. To understand the morphodynamic changes in the study area Remote Sensing based
study was carried out using multi temporal satellite data. The study reveals that the
erosion/depositional changes during a decade 2000-2010, show the dominancy towards
erosion. The landuse-land cover changes in the study area shows declination of forest,
agriculture land, beach, mudflats etc., whereas increase in the urabanisation, salt pan fields
in the study area.
***
STUDIES ON PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS AND BIODIVERSITY
OF FRESHWATER ALGAE IN ARGON LAKE OF BELAGAVI (KARNATAKA)
1
Y. B. Dalvi and Rajanna. L

1. Department of Botany, GSS Degree College, Belagavi 590006
yashwanthraobdalvi@gmail.com
2. Department of Botany, Bangalore University, Jnanabharati, Bangalore 560 056.

Abstract
Studies on biodiversity of phytoplankton in Argon lake records a total of 26 species
belonging to different classes of algae. A study on Physico- chemical parameters of argon
lake revealed that pH ranged from 7.2 to 9.8, turbidity 0.3102 m to 0.6604 m, electrical
conductivity 160 S/cm to 200 S/cm, dissolved oxygen 4.2 mg/L to 7.6 mg/L, total
hardness 65 mg/L to 100 mg/L, calcium hardness 35mg/L to 55mg/L , total alkalinity 65
0
0
mg/L to 130mg/L , temperature 19 c to 25 c, iron 0.2 mg/L to 1.3mg/L, residual chlorine
0.0mg/L to 0.5mg/L, chloride 45 mg/L to 130mg/L, ammonium 0.1 mg/L to 0.5 mg/L,
36
phosphate 0.0mg/L to 0.1mg/L, nitrate 0.1mg/L to 5.0 mg/L , nitrite 0.0mg/L to 1.0mg/L
and fluoride 0.0 mg/L to 2.0mg/L. Coli form test revealed absence of pathogenic bacteria.
Based on the investigation it is concluded that argon Lake is less polluted but unfit for
drinking.
Keywords: Biodiversity, physico-chemical parameters, Freshwater Algae, Argon lake,
Belgaum.
***
LEGUMES ENRICH THE ESTUARINE ECOSYSTEM NEAR RATNAGIRI,
MAHARASHTRA A CRITICAL STUDY.
M. M. Patwardhan* and P. D. Chavan**
*Dept of Botany, Gogate Jogalekar College, Ratnagiri.
mangal.1550@gmail.com
**Department of Botany, Shivaji University, Kolhapur.
Abstract
Leguminous plants growing in saline condition in and estuary deserve a special attention,
as these are ecologically as well as economically very important. In the present
investigation attempts were made to record the leguminous plants, their distribution
pattern, characters of their disseminules, their buoyancy and germinability; growing in the
estuaries near Ratnagiri, Maharashtra. The members of family Leguminosae have clear
zonation pattern, their disseminules have characteristic buoyancy on sea water and remain
viable to some extent even after floating on sea water for 2-3 months. Adaptations at the
germination stage allow these plants to grow well and enrich the estuarine ecosystem as
regards the nitrogen enrichment is concerned.
Key wards- Legume, Disseminules, Buoyancy, Estuarine ecosystem.
***
37
ASSEMBLAGE OF GASTROPODS IN ROCKY SHORE AND ESTUARINE

ECOSYSTEM OF KARWAR- A DIVERSITY PROFILE
Navanath Kumbhar, Shivakumar Haragi and Ulhas Naik
Karnataka University Post Graduate Centre, Kodibag, Karwar - 581303
Karnatkaka. India.
navanathkumbhar11@gmail.com
Abstract
Gastropod biodiversity assessments were carried out for the period of one year in the
Karwar region (Intertidal and Estuarine ecosystem) to record its abundance and
distribution. In Indian subcontinent, 227 gastropod species have been recorded from
Coastal region, of which 27 species were recorded from Karwar inhabiting in rocky shore
and estuarine area. The dominant species Euchilisaphera, Planaxis, Turbo, Babylonia
spirata, Thiasbufo, in rocky shore and Telescopiumitelescopium and Cerithiummorus from
Kali estuary. From the present study it is evident that abundance of gastropods found in
rocky shore offers suitable protective habitat for gastropod community.
Keywords: Intertidal, Rockyshore, Estuarine, Mangroves, Gastropods and Molluscan.
***
PHYSICO-CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUNDWATER IN GOA,
INDIA
1
Manjunatha S , Raju Sukhaye and Davithuraj J

Department of Geology, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad 580 003
2
CGWB, SUO, Belgaum 590 0019
manjunathas29@yahoo.in
Abstract
Goa encompasses an area of 3,702 km2 and is situated between North latitudes 140 53' 57''
and 150 47' 59'' and East longitudes 730 40' 35'' and 740 20' 11''. It lies on the west coast of
India between the Arabian Sea and the Western Ghats. The Goa state is falling in the Survey
of India toposheets Nos. 48E, 48I and 48J. The Terekhol River in the north separates the
state from the Sindhudurg district of Maharashtra. It is bounded in the north- east and east
by Belgaum and Uttar Kannada districts of Karnataka respectively and in the west by the
38
Arabian Sea. Geologically, the study area is consisting granitic rocks followed by basic
intrusives (dykes). During the sub-recent and recent times the rocks have been subjected to
lateritisation of varying thickness. Coastal alluvium occurring along the coastal planes
consists of fine to coarse sands with intercalations of sandy loam, silt and clay. To evaluate
the quality of ground water, samples have been collected from 38 dug wells (shallow
aquifer) and 42 bore wells (deeper aquifer). The analytical data have been considered to
assess the chemical quality of ground water and its suitability for drinking, domestic and
irrigational purposes. The physico chemical parameters such as hydrogen ion
concentration (pH), Total dissolved salt (TDS) and Total hardness (TH) were measured in
addition to major cation and anion concentration. A comparison of the ground water quality
is relation to drinking water Standards was made. The pH values of groundwater in this
area range from 6.50 to a maximum of 8.40 for shallow aquifer and from 7.0 to 8.50 for
deep aquifer. The average pH value for both the aquifers is 7.90 and indicating mildly
alkaline in nature and are suitable for drinking purpose. The TDS value in the study area
ranges from 38.4 to 1060.4 for shallow aquifer and 51 to 4442 for deep aquifer. The total
hardness of groundwater in the study area varies between 12 to 64 ppm for shallow aquifer
and 20 to 1310 ppm for deep aquifer. 18% of groundwater samples fall in "Hard Water and
Very Hard" category and there is a need for softening of these waters if it is to be used for
drinking and domestic purposes. All the samples are within the permissible limit as per
standards proposed by WHO. In pipers trilinear diagram, most of the samples indicates
that weak acids exceed strong acids (57%) followed by alkalies exceeding alkaline earths
(52%).
Keywords: Physico-Chemical properties, Groundwater, Goa.
39

Abstarcts - Estuaries-Past, Present & Future 2015

Diunggah oleh

Informasi Dokumen

Judul Asli

Hak Cipta

Format Tersedia

Bagikan dokumen Ini

Bagikan atau Tanam Dokumen

Opsi Berbagi

Apakah menurut Anda dokumen ini bermanfaat?

Apakah konten ini tidak pantas?

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

Abstarcts - Estuaries-Past, Present & Future 2015

Diunggah oleh

Hak Cipta:

Format Tersedia

UGC Sponsored National Seminar

SEMINAR ORGANISING COMMITTEE

Reception and Registration Committee

Transportation & Accommodation Committee

Estuaries: a review of literature on definition and classification

Morphology, Hydrodynamics and Sedimentation of Estuaries, Creeks and

Health of the estuaries along central west coast of India

Distribution of ostracoda in the ennore creek, chennai and mullipallam

Physiography of India's coasts and islands

Anthropogenic impacts on estuaries a case study

Study of Sedimentary Environment of Alibag Creek, Maharashtra

Changing configurations of the Sundarban shoreline after the landfall

Diversity of Crabs in Karwar Mangrove environment, West Coast of India

Assessing Aquifer Vulnerability to Sea Water Intrusion Using Galdit

Dynamics of Netravati-Gurpur and Mulki-Pavanje Estuaries, Karnataka, India

Isolation of specific pathogenic bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus

Studies on distribution and abundance of pennate diatoms in the river Kali

Mineral magnetic and trace element characterization of gad river

Distribution and diversity of centric diatoms along the southern coast of

Seasonal movement of pollutants in Belapur estuary, Mumbai

Biodiversity of fin fishes in kali estuary, Karwar, West Coast of India

Need to assess the vulnerability and its conservation measures for

Textural characteristics and depositional environment along the Kelshi,

Status of biodiversity of rocky shore Majali, Karwar, West Coast of India.

Multitemporal satellite data and GIS analysis of creeks around Mumbai

Morphodynamics of Uttara Kannada Coast, West Coast of India, using

Studies on Physico-Chemical Parameters and Biodiversity of

Legumes enrich the estuarine ecosystem near Ratnagiri, Maharashtra a

Assemblage of Gastropods in Rocky Shore and Estuarine Ecosystem of

Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Groundwater in Goa, India

ESTUARIES: A REVIEW OF LITERATURE ON DEFINITION AND

Figure 1. Classification of estuaries

Defra (2002) has developed a more recent

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

Table 1. Classification of UK Estuaries (after Defra, 2002)

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

River or marine in origin (i.e. not glacial), with multiple

Drowned coastal plain in origin, with barrier beaches or

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

The characteristic features of estuaries (Table 3) given by EstSim Consortium (2007),

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

MORPHOLOGY, HYDRODYNAMICS AND SEDIMENTATION OF

HEALTH OF THE ESTUARIES ALONG CENTRAL WEST COAST OF INDIA

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

DISTRIBUTION OF OSTRACODA IN THE ENNORE CREEK, CHENNAI AND

Hemicytheridea sp., Jankeijcythere mckenziei, Kalingella mckenziei, Loxoconcha

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

PHYSIOGRAPHY OF INDIA'S COASTS AND ISLANDS

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

STUDY OF SEDIMENTARY ENVIRONMENT OF ALIBAG CREEK,

Ganesh Sonawane, Tushar Shitole and Amol Jarag

1. Kr. V. N. Naik College, Nasik

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

CHANGING CONFIGURATIONS OF THE SUNDARBAN SHORELINE

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

Dept of Marine Geology, Mangalore University, Mangalagangothri - 574 199

Shwetha B Shetty and R Shankar

G.S.Science College, Belgaum, Karnataka (24-25 July 2015).

MINERAL MAGNETIC AND TRACE ELEMENT CHARACTERIZATION OF

BIODIVERSITY OF FIN FISHES IN KALI ESTUARY, KARWAR,

NEED TO ASSESS THE VULNERABILITY AND ITS