SCHOOL OF ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

DEVI AHILYA UNIVERSITY

M.TECH. (ENERGY MANAGEMENT) Distance Education
Assignment VI
Batch [2008-11] Semester III

Marks: 60

Issued on: 22-9-2009

Due on: 6-10-2009

ED 711: Water and waste water Pollution & Control Technologies

Q.1
(a) Describe the flow patterns of reactors. Compare between the ideal plug and ideal
completely mixed flow reactor.
(b) Explain the three condition of food limited and microbial growth limited in a
biological reactor.

(10)
(5)

Hint: Peavy Book Page No. 230

Q.2
(a)
(b)
(c)

Activated Sludge Process:

Define the term suspended growth system.
Explain the process of activated sludge process.
Discuss the design consideration parameters in Activated Sludge Process.
F/M ratio.
Volumetric loading
Detention time
Sludge age
S.V.I.
(d) An average operating data for conventional activated sludge treatment plant is as
follows:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

Wastewater flow
Volume of aeration tank
Influent BOD
Effluent BOD
Mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS)
Effluent suspended solids
Waste sludge suspended solids
Quantity of waste sludge

= 35000 m3/d
= 10900 m3
= 250 mg/l
= 20 m/l
= 2500 mg/l
= 30 mg/l
= 9700 mg/l
= 220 m3/d

Bases on the information above, determine,

(a)

Aeration period (hrs)

(b) Food to microorganism ratio (F/M) (kg BOD per day/kg MLSS)
(c)

Percentage efficiency of BOD removal

(d) Sludge age (days).

(2)
(2)
(6)

(5)

Example : Design a conventional activated sludge plant to treat domestic sewage with diffused
air aeration system. Given the following data:
1
Population
= 35,000
2
Average sewage flow
= 180 lpcd
3
BOD of sewage
= 220 mg/l
4
BOD removal in primary treatment
= 30%
5
Overall BOD reduction desired
= 85%

Solution : Daily sewage flow

= Q = 18035000 1/day
= 6300 m3/day
BOD of sewage coming to aeration
= Yo = 70% 220 mg/l
= 154 mg/l
( 30% BOD is removal in primary settling)
BOD left in effluent = YE = 15% 220 mg/l
= 33 mg/l
( Overall 85% BOD removal is desired)
BOD removed in activated plant
= 154 33 = 121 mg/l
Efficiency required in Activated plant.
121
=
= 0.79
154
For efficiency of 85-95%, we use F/M ratio as 0.4 to 0.2, and MLSS between 1500
to 3000. Since efficiency required is on lower side, we can use moderate figures for
F/M ratio and MLSS.
Hence, adopt F/M = 0.35
Similarly adopt MLSS (Xt) = 2000 mg/l
Q.Yo
F
Using equation F/M ratio, we have =
=
V.X t
M
Where
F/M = 0.35 (assumed)
Q = 6300 m3/day
Yo = 154 mg/l = 154 gm/m3
Xt = 2000 mg/l (assumed)
6300 154
0.35 =
V 2000
V = volume of aeration tank
6300 154
=
= 1386 m3
2000 0.35
(i) Check for Aeration period or H.R.T.(t)
Using Eq. t =

V
24 hour
Q

Where
t = aeration period in hours
V = Volume of aeration tank
Q = Quantity of waste flow into the aeration tank, excluding the quantity of
recycled sludge.

1386
24 h
6300
= 5.28 h (within the limits of 4 to 8 h)
(ii) Check for volumetric loading

Q.Yo (gm)
we have
V(m 2 )
Q.Yo
Volumetric loading =
gm of BOD/m3 of tank vol.
V
Using equation

Where
Q = Sewage flow into the aeration tank in m3.
Yo = BOD5 in mg/l (or gm/m3) of the influent sewage.
V = Aeration tank volume in m3.
6300 154
=
gm/m3
1386
= 700 gm/m3
(Within the permissible range of 300-700 gm/m3); O.K.
(iii) Check for Return sludge ratio (for SVI ranging between 50-150 ml/gm; say 100
ml/gm).
Using equation

Xt

QR = Q

10 6
X t

SVI

Where
Xt is MLSS in mg/l
10 6
is also in mg/l
SVI

QR
=
=
Q

X t (i.e.MLSS)
10 6
Xt
SVI

Where SVI = 100 ml/gm

Xt = 2000 mg/l
2000
6
= 10 2000
100

= 0.25 (i.e. within the prescribed range of 25 to 50%); O.K.

Rate of Air Supply Required. Assuming the air requirement of the aeration tank to
be 100 m3/day of air per kg of BOD removed, we have
Air required i.e. blower capacity
121 6300 3
= 100
m /day
1000
1
= 121 630
m3/min
24 60

= 53 m3/min. Ans.

Q.3 Aerated Lagoon

(a) Compare between the facultative aerated lagoons. Aerobic flow through and aerobic
with recycling of solids.
(b) What are the factors on which efficiency of aerated lagoon depends?
(c) A mechanically aerated lagoon provides 5 days detention time to a

(5)
(5)
(5)

wastewater flow of 10,000 m3/day. If its depth is to be restricted to 3 m,

estimate the lagoon dimensions so that the dispersion number D/UL will be
0.5 or less.
Q.4
(a) Describe the effect of anaerobicity slug clearance factor, solar radiation, pH, organic
loading in oxidation pond.
(b) Design a oxidation pond of flow 3.4 MLD concentration of BOD 5 at
o

(10)

(5)

20 C = 370 mg / l controlling temperature = 18 C, Elevation = 600m Visible

solar energy available minimum & maximum 110 / cm 2 / day, = 166 cal / cm2
/ day. Sky clearance factor = 72%, unit heat of combustion of algae = 6 K cal
/ gm day. Solar conversion efficiency = 6%

-----------------------------------------------xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx---------------------------------------Dr. R. Chaudhary
Email ID: rubina_chaudhary@yahoo.com