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Bacteria

Bacillaceae

Bacillus anthracis

Corynebacteriacea
e

Corynebacterium
diphtheriae

Caracteristicas/DX
Spore forming, large
bacilli
Facultative or aerobic
Mostly saprophytic
Large grayish
colonies
Most are B-hemolytic
Etiologic agent of
anthrax
Straight rods with
square ends
(bamboo)
Non hemolytic
Non motile
Medusa-Head colony
Dx: Pear necklace,
fluorescence, PCR,
ELISA, gamma
bacteriophage test,
ascoli test for objects

Epidemiologia

Virulencia
Most are motile
Spores

Enf/Trat

Mainly a disease of
herbivores
Contact with dying
animals
Contact with animal
products (hides,hair
knitting yarn)
No data suggests
person-person
transmission

Plasmid coded
capsular polypeptide
of D-glutamic acid
Plasmid-coded
complex protein toxin

Cutaneous
Pulmonary
Intestinal anthrax
Woolsorters disease
Oropharyngeal
Variant
Malignant pustule
Trat:
Penicillin,
Ciprofloxacin, IV
doxycyxline
VACUNAS para
humanos y animales!

NON spore forming


rods
NON motile, palisades
and chinese letters
formation
Irregularly staining
granules
(metachromatic
granules)
Dark colonies on
tellurite blood agar
Low iron for TOX gene
expression
Grown in Loefflers
agar (sub-optimal
medium) a methylene
blue strain shows the
presence in the
bacillus of
metachromatic
granules
Dx: Dacron swab
from lesion

Some are Normal


flora
Can be opportunistic
pathogens

Diphtheria toxin- inh


prot synthesis
inactivating
elongation factor EF-2
Exotoxin causes
necrosis forming a
pseudo membrane

Pharyngeal difteria
-Bull neck ~ to
mumps
Cutaneous
Laryngeal
Nasal
Treatment: antitoxin
Erythromycin,
penicillin, tetracycline
VACUNA DPT, DPaT
Shick test determines
immu status

Human carriers, only


reservoir
Grows at epithelial
cells of upper respi
tract

Notas
Aparte de
B.anthracis, ninguna
otra especie se
identifica, solo
genero.

Only major human


pathogen of the
group
Agent of difteria, only
lysogenic strains
cause disease
4 colony types:
Gravis, mitis,
intermidius, bedfanti

Loeffler or tellurite
agar
ELISA PCR
Detection of
toxigenicity with gel
diffusion techniques
Listeria
monocytogenes

Facultative
Tumbling motility at
25C
Non motile 37C
Umbrella formation in
motility agar
Dx: cold enrichment
4C
B-hemolytic
CAMP +
Anton test (animal)

Large reservoir in
animals, flora of
adults and children

Erysipelothrix
rhusiopathiae

Single or long
filament
Small A-hemolytic
colonies
Erysipelas in animals
Erysipeloid in humans

Worldwide
distribution
Zoonotic,
occupational disease
(fishermen, butchers)

Intracell parasite
Listeriosin O (pore
forming cytolysin)

Agent of listeriosis
most lethal foodborne infection
Mild gastroenteritis
(pt may remain
carrier)
Meningitis, sepsis
Granulomatosis
infantiseptica
Treatment: ampicillin
and/or
aminoglycosides or
TMP-S, penicillin,
tetracycline
Violaceous, raised
lesion
Non suppurative,
itches, painful
Resolves in 3-4 wk
with antibiotic
treatment (Penicillin
G)
Rarely endocarditis,
death

Type Ib most common

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