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T2117

Zero-Voltage Switch with Adjustable Ramp


Description
The integrated circuit, T2117, is designed as a zerovoltage switch in bipolar technology. It is used to control
resistive loads at mains by a triac in zero-crossing mode.

A ramp generator allows power control function by


period group control, whereas full-wave logic guarantees
that full mains cycles are used for load switching.

Features
 Simple power control

 Direct supply from the mains

 Ramp generator

 Current consumption 0.5 mA

 Reference voltage

 Very few external components

Applications

 Full-wave drive no DC current component in the


load circuit

 Full-wave power control


 Temperature regulation

 Negative output current pulse typ. 100 mA


short-circuit protected

 Power blinking switch

Block Diagram

220 k
(250 V~)

2.2 F/
10 V

BYT41M

R1

18 k
2W

Load
1000 W

C1

100 k
1

Ramp
generator

7
Synchronization

Supply
GND

R5
12 k
max

VS

R4

C2

R2
(Rsync)

D1

3
4

+
+
Comparator

min

Pulse
amplifier

Reference voltage
1.4 V

R6

MT2

100 

MT1

Full-wave logic

100 k

VM =
230 V~

100 F/
16 V
TIC
236N

R3

T2117

18 k
N

Figure 1. Block diagram with typical circuit, period group control 0 to 100%

Ordering Information
Extended Type Number

Package

T2117-3AS

DIP8

Tube

T2117-TAS

SO8

Tube

T2117-TAQ

SO8

Taped and reeled

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

Remarks

1 (11)

T2117
Pin Description
Ramp

Vsync

CRamp

GND

T2117

T2117
POSIN

Ramp
control

Output
R4

NEGIN

VS

Figure 2. Pinning

Pin

Symbol

Ramp

Ramp output

CRamp

Ramp capacitor

POSIN

Non-inverting comparator input

NEGIN

Inverting comparator input

VS

Output

GND

Ground

Vsync

Voltage synchronization

C2

VS
Figure 3. Pin 1 internal network

Function
t
V1
Final voltage
Vmin

1.6 V

Supply voltage
Trigger pulse output

7.6 V

Initial voltage
Vmax

Figure 4. Threshold voltage of the ramp at VS = 8.8 V

General Description

Triac Firing Current (Pulse)

The integrated circuit T2117 is a triac controller for zerocrossing mode. It is designed to control power in
switching resistive loads of mains supplies.

This depends on the triac requirement. It can be limited


with gate series resistance which is calculated as follows:

Information regarding supply sync. is provided at Pin 8


via resistor RSync. To avoid DC load on the mains, the fullwave logic guarantees that complete mains cycles are
used for load switching.
A fire pulse is released when the inverting input of the
comparator is negative (Pin 4) with respect to the noninverting input (Pin 3) and internal reference voltage. A
ramp generator with free selectable duration can be
performed by capacitor C2 at Pin 2. The ramp function is
used for open-loop control (figure 4), but also for application with proportional band regulation (figure 11). Ramp
voltage available at capacitor C2 is decoupled across the
emitter follower at Pin l. To maintain the lamp flicker
specification, ramp duration is adjusted according to the
controlling load. In practice, interference should be
avoided (temperature control). Therefore, a two-point
control is preferred to proportional control. One can use
internal reference voltage for simple applications. In that
case, Pin 3 is inactive and connected to Pin 7 (GND), see
figure 13.

2 (11)

RGmax  7.5 V VGmax 36 


IGmax
IP =

IGmax
T

tp

where:
VG
= Gate voltage
IGmax = Maximum gate current
Ip
= Average gate current
tp
= Firing pulse width
T
= Mains period duration

Firing Pulse Width tp (Figure 5)


This depends on the latching current of the triac and its
load current. The firing pulse width is determined by the
zero-crossing detection which can be influenced with the
help of sync. resistance, Rsync, (figure 6).
tp =

2


arc. sin

IL  VM
P 2

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

T2117
whereby:
=
IL
VM =
P
=

The series resistance R1 can be calculated (figures 7


and 8) as follows:

Latching current of the triac


Mains supply, effective
Power load (users power)

R1max = 0.85

Total current consumption is influenced by the firing


pulse width which can be calculated as follows:
tp
VM 2 sin (  2 )  0.6 V
R sync 
 49 k
3.5  10  5A

10.00
VMains = 230 V

t p ( ms )

1.00

Itot

2 R1

= IS + IP + Ix

whereby:
VM = Mains voltage
VS
= Limiting voltage of the IC
Itot
= Total current consumption
IS
= Current requirement of the IC (without load)
Ix
= Current requirement of other peripheral
components
P(R1) = Power dissipation at R1
50

IL ( mA)

0.10

40

200

50

0.01
10

100

1000
P(W)

10000

R 1 ( k )

VMains=230V

100

30

20

Figure 5. Output pulse width

10
0

2000

VMains = 230 V

12

15

Itot ( mA )

1600
Rsync ( kOhm )

(VM VS)2

VMmin VSmax
; P(R1) =
2 Itot

Figure 7. Maximum resistance of R1


1200
6
VMains=230V

800
5
400
0
0

200

400

600 800 1000 1200 1400


tp ( s )

Figure 6. Synchronization resistance

Supply Voltage

PR1 ( W )

4
3
2
1
0
0

The T2117 contains voltage limiting and can be connected with the mains supply via the diode D1 and the
resistor R1. Supply voltage between Pin 5 and 7 is limited
to a typical value of 9.5 V.

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

12

15

Itot ( mA )

Figure 8. Power dissipation of R1


according to current consumption

3 (11)

T2117
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Parameter

Symbol

Value

Unit

Supply current

Pin 5

IS

30

mA

Sync. current

Pin 8

ISync.

mA

Output current ramp generator

Pin 1

IO

mA

Input voltages

Pin 1, 3, 4, 6
Pin 2
Pin 8

VI
VI
VI

VS
2 to VS
7.3

V
V
V

Ptot
Ptot

400
125

mW
mW

Tj

125

Operating ambient temperature range

Tamb

0 to 100

Storage temperature range

Tstg

40 to + 125

Symbol

Value

Unit

Power dissipation
Tambb = 45C
Tamb = 100C
Junction temperature

Thermal Resistance
Parameter
Junction ambient

SO8

RthJA

200

K/W

Junction ambient

DIP8

RthJA

110

K/W

Electrical Characteristics
VS = 8.8 V, Tamb = 25C, reference point Pin 7, unless otherwise specified
Parameter

Symbol

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

Pin 5
Pin 5

VS
VS

9.0
9.1

9.5
9.6

10.0
10.1

V
V

Pin 5

IS

500

A

Pin 8

VI

7.7

8.7

Synchronization current

Pin 8

Isync

0.12

Zero detector

Pin 8

Isync

35

A

VM= 230 V,


Rsync = 220 k
Rsync = 470 k

Pin 6
Pin 6

tP
tP

260
460

s
s

V6 = 0 V

Pin 6

IO

Supply-voltage limitation

Test Conditions / Pins


IS = 1 mA
IS = 10 mA

Supply current
Voltage limitation

Output pulse width

Output pulse current

I8 = 1 mA

8.2

mA

100

mA

Comparator
VI0

15

mV

IIB

A

(VS1)

Input offset voltage

Pin 3,4

Input bias current

Pin 4

Common-mode input
voltage

Pin 3,4

VIC

Pin 4

VRef

Threshold internal
reference

4 (11)

V3 = 0 V

1
1.4

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

T2117
Electrical Characteristics (continued)
VS = 8.8 V, Tamb = 25C, reference point Pin 7, unless otherwise specified
Parameter

Test Conditions / Pins

Symbol

IS= 1 mA, isync =1 mA,


C1 = 100 F, C2 = 2.2 F,
R4= 100 k
Pin 1

Min.

Typ.

Max.

Unit

Ramp generator, figure 1


Period

1.5

Final voltage

Pin 1

V1

1.2

1.6

2.0

Initial voltage

Pin 1

V1

7.2

7.6

8.0

V2 = VS, I8 = 1 mA, Pin 2

I2

14

20

26

A

Charge current

Applications
L
0.5 ...
2.2 kW
VM= 230 V ~

270 k

BYT41M

100 nF/
250 V ~

18 k/
1.5 W
56 

82 

T2117
1
150 k
47 F/ 16V

4
110 k
0.47 F/
10 V

Figure 9. Power blinking switch with f  2.7 Hz, duty cycle 1:1, power range 0.5 to 2.2 kW

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

5 (11)

T2117
L
RL
Load

270 k
BYT41M

VM = 230 V ~
18 k
1.5 W

56 
N

VDR
+5 V

5
CNY21

T2117
1

47 F/
10 V

56 k

II  1.5 mA

39 k

VI

Figure 10. Power switch

D1
2.2 F/
10 V

R8

R4
100 k

470 k
BC237
NTC/M87
B value =
3988

R(25)
100 k

R5

R1

18 k/
2W

Load
1000 W

C1

R7
130 k

VM =
230 V~

Ramp
generator

Synchronization

+
+

Full-wave logic

Supply

R9
150 

220 k

R2
(Rsync)

1)

Rp

220 k
(250 V~)

2
1

R6
100 k

C2

BYT41M

6
Comparator

Reference voltage
1.4 V

Pulse
amplifier

100 
R3

T2117
N

Figure 11. Temperature control 15 to 35C with sensor monitoring


NTCSensor M 87 Fabr. Siemens

R(25) =100 k/B =3988 R(15) = 159 k


R(35) = 64.5 k

6 (11)

R51) determines the proportional range

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

T2117

T

BYT41M
Load

1N4148

R1

0.35 ...
1.5 kW

R4

510 k

680 k
R5

VM = 230 V ~

680 k

R2
R3

13 k/2 W

62 

IH = 50 mA
N

1N4148
8

R16

220 k
R6

T2117

9.1 k
R7

1
R10

R15

C3

910 k
R9

C4
100 F/
12 V
47 F

25 k

10 nF

C1
NTC
33 k

12 k
C5

12 k

R8
56 k

2.2 F
C2
1 F

Figure 12. Room temperature control with definite reduction (remote control) for a temperature range of 5 to 30C

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

7 (11)

T2117

L
220 k

Load/ 1000 W

BYT41M

VM = 230 V ~
18 k
1.5 W
VDR

56 

5
220 k
(680 k

T2117
1

10 nF

68 F/
10 V

500 k
(2 M

50 k
(200 k

NTC

Figure 13. Twopoint temperature control for a temperature range of 15 to 30C

8 (11)

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

T2117

L
D1
Rsync

Load/400 W

BYT41M

430 k

VM = 230 V~
R1

18 k/
1.5 W

92 
N

R3
8

5
NTC

200 k

T2117
D2
1N4148
1

4
R6
R15/ 50 k
27 k
330 k
R4/ 39 k

R5
R7/ 8.2 k

C2
150 nF

C3
33 F/
10 V

C1
68 F/
10 V

Figure 14. Two-point temperature control for a temperature range of 18 to 32C and a hysteresis of 0.5C at 25C

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

9 (11)

T2117
Package Information
Package DIP8
Dimensions in mm

9.8
9.5
1.64
1.44

7.77
7.47

4.8 max
6.4 max
0.5 min
0.58
0.48

3.3
0.36 max
9.8
8.2

2.54
7.62

technical drawings
according to DIN
specifications

Package SO8
Dimensions in mm
5.2
4.8

5.00
4.85

3.7
1.4
0.25
0.10

0.4
1.27

6.15
5.85

3.81
8

0.2
3.8

technical drawings
according to DIN
specifications

10 (11)

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

T2117
Ozone Depleting Substances Policy Statement
It is the policy of Atmel Germany GmbH to
1. Meet all present and future national and international statutory requirements.
2. Regularly and continuously improve the performance of our products, processes, distribution and operating systems
with respect to their impact on the health and safety of our employees and the public, as well as their impact on
the environment.
It is particular concern to control or eliminate releases of those substances into the atmosphere which are known as
ozone depleting substances (ODSs).
The Montreal Protocol (1987) and its London Amendments (1990) intend to severely restrict the use of ODSs and forbid
their use within the next ten years. Various national and international initiatives are pressing for an earlier ban on these
substances.
Atmel Germany GmbH has been able to use its policy of continuous improvements to eliminate the use of ODSs listed
in the following documents.
1. Annex A, B and list of transitional substances of the Montreal Protocol and the London Amendments respectively
2. Class I and II ozone depleting substances in the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 by the Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA) in the USA
3. Council Decision 88/540/EEC and 91/690/EEC Annex A, B and C (transitional substances) respectively.
Atmel Germany GmbH can certify that our semiconductors are not manufactured with ozone depleting substances
and do not contain such substances.

We reserve the right to make changes to improve technical design and may do so without further notice.
Parameters can vary in different applications. All operating parameters must be validated for each customer
application by the customer. Should the buyer use Atmel products for any unintended or unauthorized application,
the buyer shall indemnify Atmel against all claims, costs, damages, and expenses, arising out of, directly or
indirectly, any claim of personal damage, injury or death associated with such unintended or unauthorized use.
Data sheets can also be retrieved from the Internet:
http://www.atmelwm.com
2.
Atmel Germany GmbH, P.O.B. 3535, D-74025 Heilbronn, Germany
Telephone: 49 (0)7131 67 2594, Fax number: 49 (0)7131 67 2423

Rev. A2, 17-Dec-01

11 (11)

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