Low-Sulphur Fuels
MAN B&W Two-stroke Engines
Content
Introduction...................................................................................................... 5
Latest Emission Control Regulations.................................................................. 6
The International Maritime Organisation (IMO)............................................... 6
California Air Resources Board..................................................................... 6
The EU........................................................................................................ 6
Incompatibility of Fuels...................................................................................... 7
Operational Considerations Related to Operating
MAN B&W Two-stroke Engines on Low-sulphur Fuels........................................ 8
Correlation between fuel sulphur level and cylinder condition ....................... 8
Distillates........................................................................................................ 10
Influence of fuel lubricity and viscosity at engine inlet.................................. 11
Other considerations when operating on distillates..................................... 13
Change-over between heavy fuel and distillates.......................................... 14
Ignition and Combustion Characteristics of LowSulphur Fuels......................... 15
Case story................................................................................................. 16
Fuel Oil Auxiliary Systems................................................................................ 18
Fuel oil system, No. 1 (Fig. 15)................................................................... 18
Fuel oil system, No. 2 (Fig. 16)................................................................... 18
Fuel oil system, No. 3 (Fig. 17)................................................................... 18
Cylinder oil system, No. 1 (Fig. 18)............................................................. 19
Cylinder oil system, No. 2 (Fig. 19)............................................................. 19
Cylinder oil system, No. 3 (Fig. 20)............................................................. 19
Experience with Wet Scrubbing Techniques and Expectations to Future Use ... 20
Summary........................................................................................................ 21
Abbreviations.................................................................................................. 21
References..................................................................................................... 21
Introduction
legislation, which will lower the emission limits of SOx, NOx, particulate, HC,
tions.
separate chapter.
is a much more efficient and straightforward solution, obtained from the re-
However, we will highlight for the Marine Industry, the technical areas which
MAN Diesel & Turbo expects will be affected when changing from higher sulphur fuel oils to lower sulphur fuel oils.
Sulphur limit
5
4.5
4
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
2000
Global
CARB
SECA
CARB
2005
2010
2015
2020
2025
Year
Fig. 2: Limits on the sulphur content in fuel ECA. Today, Baltic Sea, North Sea and English Channel.
Coming ECA: possibly Mediterranean in August 2012, 200 nautical mile zone at the US coast. CARB:
Californian Air Resources Board: 24 nautical miles of the Californian baseline.
haust gas.
waters.
Canada
2015.
Incompatibility of Fuels
Due to the current considerable price
1.6 mm
1.6 mm
SO3
SO2
Fast
100%
conversion
[H20]
[0]
[02]
H2SO4
Slower
Equilibrium
pressure & temp.
dependent
0.3 - 7%
conversion
incompatibility.
board, or via an independent laboratory. The latter often being too slow a
self
Our
continuous
experience
with
of scuffing increases.
low-sulphur fuel.
Practical Approach
ECA areas.
BN
Sulphur
40-50
<3.5%
60-70
>2.5%.
oil sulphur content for selected lubricating oils (BN40 - BN70), Ref. [2].
proach:
Distillates
or a combination of both.
ity as possible, when changing to disWe have reports of older low topland
test.
10000
types. For future reference, please always check our latest service letters.
IF-60
IF-100
1000
IF-180
IF-380
Oi
100
10
MBD limit
min. 2 cSt
-15
35
135
85
Temperature, Degrees Celsius
10
ISO 8217
Lubricity
1.5 cSt
NOT GOOD
Fuel below 2cSt
MAN Diesel & Turbo does not recommend to operate the
engine on fuel with viscosities lower than 2 cSt
120
2.0 cSt
100
DEPENDING ON INSTALLATION
Fuel viscosity 2-3 cSt
MAN Diesel & Turbo strongly recommends to make start checks
prior to port operation
80
3.0 cSt
4.0 cSt
5.0 cSt
60
DM
40
DMA/B
DMZ
GOOD
Fuel above 3 cSt
MAN Diesel & Turbo recommends to operate the engine on
fuels with viscosities above 3 cSt
20
0
1
8
Viscosity (cSt)
The horizontal axis shows the bunkered fuel viscosity in cSt, which should be informed in the bunker analysis report. If the temperature of
the MGO is below the lower blue curve at engine inlet, the viscosity is above 3 cSt.
The black thick line shows the viscosity at reference condition (40C) according to ISO8217. Minimum viscosity for marine distillates DMX,
DMA, DMB and DMZ are indicated.
Example: MGO with viscosity of 4 cSt at 40C must have a temperature below 55C, at engine inlet to ensure a viscosity above 3 cSt.
Example: MGO with a viscosity of 5 cSt at 40C is entering the engine at 50C. The green curves show that the fuel enters the engine at approximately 4.0 cSt.
Example: MGO with a viscosity of 2 cSt at 40C needs cooling to 18C to reach 3 cSt.
11
Engine adjustment
system
non-stick coating.
Viscosity
cSt, see Fig. 8 for the typical viscosity and temperature relationship.
(resulting in seizures),
performance.
primeserv-cph@mandieselturbo.com.
eration:
12
Diesel
oil
service
tank
Overflow valve
Adjusted to 4 bar
Main
engine
Diesel oil
cooler
Visco.
HFO
Pre-heater
Circulating
pumps
Supply pumps
Chilling unit
Compressor
Water pump unit
Pressurised
expansion
tank
Condenser
Water
cooler
Diesel oil
cooler
Water
tank
Pump
Diesel Oil
Water
Refrigerant Liquid
Central Cooling Water
Central
cooling
water
in-/outlet
(supply
ing on distillates
External pumps
pumps,
circulating
pumps,
13
low-viscosity fuel
observation:
Before manoeuvring in port, it should
further information.
start on distillate.
and distillates
operation.
fuel to distillate and back in our Operation Book plate 4245-0120-0003 (older
recommend checking
Marine
Marine
(viscosity:380)
(viscosity:180)
Diesel Oil
Gas Oil
Fujairah
453
466
728
Houston
440
459
665
Rotterdam
438
479
461
503
662
Singapore
447
487
457
497
642
655
Source: www.bunkerworld.com/prices
14
Ignition Analyser), has never, in our experience, been greater than now. In the
Heavy naphta
performance.
Heavy gasoil
bp 350450C
Residue
bp > 580C.
15
Case story
was found.
test methods.
the market.
gines installed.
16
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
ROHR (msec)
10
15
20
25
10.0
9.0
8.0
7.0
6.0
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
0.0
-1.0
Time (msec)
ROHR Curve
10
15
20
25
Time (msec)
Fig. 14: FIA tests for combustion and heat release of three different fuels
17
Centrifuge(s)
Centrifuge(s
(40 C)
(25 C)
(25C)
Oil TankTank
GasStorage
MDO
ettling Tank (25C )
SSettling
Service
Tank
(day)
35C
Centrifuge(s)
Centrifuge(s
(40 C)
Service
Tank
(day)
35C
(25C)C)
MDO Storage Tank (25
Diesel
To Gensets
If unifuel system
Centrifuge(s)
Centrifuge(s
(95 - 100 C)
Centrifuge(s)
Centrifuge(s
(95 - 100 C)
Service
Tank
(day)
90C
Service
Tank
(day)
90C
HFO
Supply
pump
HFO
Circulating
pump
Fig. 17: One MDO settling tank and two sets of HFO settling and service tanks system No. 3
Two distillate tanks and two heavy fuel tanks
rate fuel.
Cylinder Lube Oil Auxiliary Systems
or separate fuel.
18
Additional equipment
No. 1
No. 2
tank(s)
One cylinder oil system where the engine is equipped with electronic Alpha
No. 3
lubricators:
40 BN
Cylinder Oil
Storage Tank 1
Cylinder Oil
Storage Tank 2
Consists of two cylinder lube oil storage and service tank systems. Systems
are joined before the engine flange via a
changeover valve. Ability to handle two
Cylinder Oil
Service Tank 2
Cylinder Oil
Service Tank 1
Cylinder Oil
Oil
Booster
Booster Unit
Power/Heating
Fig. 21: Two ways of partitioning cylinder oil storage and service tanks
19
the partition
SA.com).
sumption of NaOH.
sults.
mation is needed.
ficiency is required.
Denmark.
facturers are:
rine use.
20
Summary
Abbreviations
References
ECA:
BN:
Base Number
TBN:
Fuels"
ity Index
CCI:
FIA:
IP:
Institute of Petroleum
and ME Lube"
PM:
Particulate Matter
IMO:
sation
MFO:
November 2004
MDO:
MGO:
SOx:
Sulphur oxides
NOx:
Nitrogen oxides
cifications
HC: Hydrocabons
CO:
Carbon monoxide
CO2:
Carbon dioxide
[3] FIA100
Fuel
of
Combustion
marine
fuels,
21
All data provided in this document is non-binding. This data serves informational
purposes only and is especially not guaranteed in any way. Depending on the
subsequent specific individual projects, the relevant data may be subject to
changes and will be assessed and determined individually for each project. This
will depend on the particular characteristics of each individual project, especially
specific site and operational conditions. CopyrightMAN Diesel & Turbo.
5510-0075-01ppr Sep 2014 Printed in Denmark