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VALUES
1- EQUALITY eqal oportunity for all
2- INNER HARMONY at peace with myself
3- SOCIAL POWER control of others, dominance
4 PLEASURE gratification of desires
5 FREEDOM freedom of action and thought
6 A SPIRITUAL LIFE emphasis on spiritual not material matters
7 SENSE OF BELONGING feeling that others care about me
8 SOCIAL ORDER stability of society
9 AN EXCITING LIFE stimulating experiences
10 MEANING IN LIFE a purpose in life
11 POLITENESS courtesy, good manners
12 WEALTH material possesion, money
13 NATIONAL SECURITY protection of my nation from enamies
14 SELF-RESPECT belief in ones own worth
15 RECIPROCATION OF FAVORS avoidance of indebtedness
16 CREATIVITY uniqueness, imagination
17 A WORLD AT PEACE free of war and conflict
18 RESPECT FOR TRADITION preservation of time-onored customs
19 MATURE LOVE deep emotional and spiritual intimacy
20 SELF DISCIPLINE self restraint, resistance to temptation

21 DETACHMENT from worldly concerns

22 FAMILY SECURITY safety for loved ones
23 SOCIAL RECOGNITION respect, approval by others
24 UNITY WITH NATURE fitting into nature
25 A VARIED LIFE field with challenge, novelty and change
26 WISDOM a mature understanding of life
27 AUTHORITY the right to lead or command
28 TRUE FRIENDSHIP close, supportive friends
29 A WORLD OF BEAUTY beauty of nature and the arts
30 SOCIAL JUSTICE correcting injustice, care for the weak
31 INDEPENDENT self-reliant, self-sufficient
32 MODERATE avoiding extremes of feeling and action
33 LOYAL faithful to my friends and group
34 AMBITIOUS hardworking, aspiring
35 BROAD-MINDED tolerant of different ideas and beliefs
36 HUMBLE modest, self-effacing
37 DARING seeking adventure, risk
38 PROTECTING THE ENVIRONMENT preserving nature
39 INFLUENTIAL having an impact on people and events
40 HONORING OF PARENTS AND ELDERS showing respect
41 CHOOSING OWN GOALS selecting own purposes
42 HEALTHY not being sick physically or mentally
43 CAPABLE competent, effective, efficient
44 ACCEPTING MY PORTION IN LIFE submitting to lifes circumstancies
45 HONEST genuine, sincere

46 PRESERVING MY PUBLIC IMAGE protecting my face

47 OBEDIENT dutiful, meeting obligations
48 INTELLIGENT logical, thinking
49 HELPFUL working for the welfare of others
50 ENJOYING LIFE enjoying food, sex, leisure, etc
51 DEVOUT holding to religious faith and belief
52 RESPONSIBLE dependable, reliable
53 CURIOUS interested in everything, exploring
54 FORGIVING willing to pardon others
55 SUCESSFUL achieving goals
56 CLEAN neat, tidy

UNIVERSALS IN VALUE CONTENT AND STRUCTURE

Likert scale
1 =opposed to my values, 2 = not important, 3 =important, 4 =very
important, 5 =of supreme importance

POWER (PO)
Social power
Authority
Wealth
Preserving my public image
Social recognition
ACHIEVEMENT (AC)
Succesful

Capable
Ambitious
Influential
Intelligent
HEDONISM (HE)
Pleasure
Enjoying life
STIMULATION (ST)
Daring
A varied life
An exciting life
SELF-DIRECTION (SD)
Curious
Creativity
Freedom
Choosing own goals
Independent
Self-respect
UNIVERSALISM (UN)
Protecting the environment
Unity with nature
A world of beauty
Broad-minded
Social justice
Wisdom

Equality
A word of peace
Inner harmony
BENEVOLENCE (BE)
Helpful
Honest
Forgiving
Loyal
Responsible
A spiritual life
True friendship
Mature love
Meaning in life
TRADITION (TR)
Accepting my portion in life
Devout
Humble
Respect for tradition
Moderate
Detachment
CONFORMITY (CO)
Obedient
Honoring of parents and elders
Politeness
Self-discipline

SECURITY (SE)
Clean
National security
Reciprocation of favors
Social order
Family security
Sense of belonging
Healthy
Schwartz i inventarul valorilor
Ca i Hofstede, Shalom Schwartz, psiho-sociolog izraelian, este interesat mai
degraba de inventarierea valorilor dect de a oferi explicatii privind formarea
i schimbarea valorilor. Demersul sau este nsa unul diferit: Schwartz
dezvolta un inventar teoretic al principalelor constructe valorice fata de care
toti indivizii din toate societatile au o orientare specifica. Ca i Hofstede,
Schwartz oscileaza n a stabili aceste orientari de valoare, numarul lor initial
fiind n versiunile initiale 11, iar mai apoi devenind doar 10 i anume:
Puterea: orientarea spre a detine un prestigiu social nalt, spre a detine
controlul asupra celorlalti oameni i resurse;
Realizarea: Orientarea spre a obtine succesul personal prin demonstrarea de
competente i merite n conformitate cu standardele sociale existente.
Atingerea de obiective ct mai nalte, mai rar atinse altii, este considerata a
fi mai valoroasa.
Hedonismul: orientarea catre a obtine gratificatii i satisfactii tinnd de
placerea personala.
Stimularea: similara hedonismului, nsa orientata explicit spre derivarea de
gratificatii i placere din lucruri noi, extrem de dificile. Cei puternic orientati
n aceasta directie vor fi, de exemplu, mai motivati de practicarea unui sport
extrem sau de consumul unei cine exotice dect de o vacanta la Marea
Neagra sau de consumul unei ciocolate fine.
Auto-direcionarea: orientarea spre a fi independent, spre a avea controlul
asupra propriei vieti, spre a cunoate, crea, inova, explora.

Universalismul: orientarea spre toleranta, ntelegere, armonie cu alti membri

ai societatii i cu natura.
Am preferat n cazul lui Schwartz sa ofer versiunea n limba romna a
denumirii celor 10 dimensiuni (power, achievement, hedonism, stimulation,
self-direction, universalism, benevolence, tradition, conformity, security).
Cea de-a a 11-a, era inclusa doar n dezvoltarile mai timpurii (Schwartz,
1992), era etichetata drept spirituality (spiritualitate).
Benevolena: preocupare pentru bunastarea altora, mergnd pna la
orientarea catre filantropie, ajutorarea neconditionata a tuturor semenilor.
Tradiionalismul: orientare catre respectarea a normelor si valorilor existente,
repetarea lucrurilor mergnd pe cai batute, conservatorism, respingerea
schimbarii.
Conformismul: orientare catre respectarea unor reguli, structuri i ierarhii
clare, obedienta.
Securitatea: orientarea catre stabilitate, siguranta, armonie a propriei
persoane, relatiilor n care este implicata, a societati n ansamblul ei, catre
confortul oferit de existenta unor forte care sa protejeze aceasta siguranta.
Schwartz definete cele 10 valori drept universale i exhaustive (Schwartz,
1992, 1994a, 1994b). Apoi observa ca ele se grupeaza pe doua axe polare,
avnd la cele doua extreme ceea ce psiho-sociologul izraelit numete
orientari de valoare de ordin nalt. Prima axa opune deschiderea la
schimbare (explicnd auto-directionarea, stimularea i o parte din hedonism)
i conservatorismul (care grupeaza traditionalismul, securitatea i
conformismul). Cea de-a doua axa contrasteaza autorealizarea (puterea,
realizarea i o parte din hedonism) i preocuparea pentru ceilali
(universalismul i benevolenta).

PIRAMIDA LUI MASLOW